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Vahur S, Treshchalov A, Lohmus R, Teearu A, Niman K, Hiiop H, Kikas J, Leito I. Laser-based analytical techniques in cultural heritage science - Tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1292:342107. [PMID: 38309841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This tutorial review combines the fundamentals of the design and operation of lasers with their usage in applications related to conservation and cultural heritage (CH) science - as components of analytical devices for the study of the chemical composition of materials. The development of laser instruments and their fundamental physical background, including a short explanation of their properties and parameters, are briefly summarised, and an overview of different laser-based analytical techniques is given. The analytical techniques covered in this tutorial are divided into three groups based on their technical aspects and properties: (1) vibrational spectroscopy, (2) elemental analysis, and (3) different molecular mass spectrometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Vahur
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Alexey Treshchalov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rynno Lohmus
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Teearu
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Käthi Niman
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Conservation, Estonian Academy of Arts, Põhja pst 7, 10412, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hilkka Hiiop
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Cultural Heritage and Conservation, Estonian Academy of Arts, Põhja pst 7, 10412, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kikas
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Guo X, Wang X, Tian C, Dai J, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Development of mass spectrometry imaging techniques and its latest applications. Talanta 2023; 264:124721. [PMID: 37271004 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a novel molecular imaging technology that collects molecular information from the surface of samples in situ. The spatial distribution and relative content of various compounds can be visualized simultaneously with high spatial resolution. The prominent advantages of MSI promote the active development of ionization technology and its broader applications in diverse fields. This article first gives a brief introduction to the vital parts of the processes during MSI. On this basis, provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant MS-based imaging techniques from their mechanisms, pros and cons, and applications. In addition, a critical issue in MSI, matrix effects is also discussed. Then, the representative applications of MSI in biological, forensic, and environmental fields in the past 5 years have been summarized, with a focus on various types of analytes (e.g., proteins, lipids, polymers, etc.) Finally, the challenges and further perspectives of MSI are proposed and concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Caiyan Tian
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Aliben Science and Technology Company Limited, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | | | - Yixiang Duan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China; Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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Bomhardt K, Schneider P, Rohnke M, Gebhardt CR, Dürr M. Cluster-induced desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of highlighter ink: unambiguous identification of dyes and degradation processes based on fragmentation-free desorption. Analyst 2021; 147:333-340. [PMID: 34932048 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highlighter inks were analyzed by means of soft Desorption/Ionization induced by Neutral SO2 clusters (DINeC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS). The dye molecules of the different inks were directly desorbed from dots of ink drawn on arbitrary substrates. Fragmentation free spectra were observed and the dyes used in the dye mixtures of the different highlighter inks were unambiguously identified. The soft nature of cluster-induced desorption was used to investigate the decomposition of the dye molecules induced by either heat or UV-light. The two processes lead to different decomposition products which are clearly distinguished in the DINeC spectra. The two different degradation processes can thus be discriminated using DINeC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Bomhardt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Luo Z, Wang W, Pang X, Zhang J, Sun C, Zhou X, He J, Zhang R, Li X, Lian Z, Abliz Z. Writing sequence identification of seals and signatures in documents using ambient mass spectrometry imaging with chemometric methods. Talanta 2021; 235:122804. [PMID: 34517662 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the writing sequence of seals and signatures in documents is often performed and difficult to resolve in forensic determination. Morphological and physical-chemical analysis methods are often limited by the destructive nature of samples, a high signal response strength and specific materials. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been used as an alternative method because it can generate molecular images from many surfaces and produce rich chemical information. Herein, we developed a sequence identification method by coupling an air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI)-MSI system with a chemometric analysis, which can holistically and directly analyse document samples under ambient, moderate and selectable conditions and maintain the original appearance of the paper documents after sampling. By integrating principal component analysis (PCA) and the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), equivocal point analysis can be objectively performed, where knowing the components of the seal or signature is not necessary to identify the sequence. In total, 28 prepared samples with known sequences and two original blind test samples were analysed. One prepared sample was analysed in negative ionization mode, and other samples were inferred in positive ionization mode. All writing sequences were in accordance with the actual case. The writing sequence of the blind testing of the original samples was correctly identified. This study provided a convenient, objective and quasi-nondestructive method to investigate the sequence differences among equivocal document samples and is promising for providing an alternative method for the sequence identification of seals and signatures in questionable documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Weixin Wang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Xuechao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Zhe Lian
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Center for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Sauzier G, van Bronswijk W, Lewis SW. Chemometrics in forensic science: approaches and applications. Analyst 2021; 146:2415-2448. [PMID: 33729240 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigations are often reliant on physical evidence to reconstruct events surrounding a crime. However, there remains a need for more objective approaches to evidential interpretation, along with rigorously validated procedures for handling, storage and analysis. Chemometrics has been recognised as a powerful tool within forensic science for interpretation and optimisation of analytical procedures. However, careful consideration must be given to factors such as sampling, validation and underpinning study design. This tutorial review aims to provide an accessible overview of chemometric methods within the context of forensic science. The review begins with an overview of selected chemometric techniques, followed by a broad review of studies demonstrating the utility of chemometrics across various forensic disciplines. The tutorial review ends with the discussion of the challenges and emerging trends in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Sauzier
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Wilhelm van Bronswijk
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Simon W Lewis
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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Mathayan V, Sortica M, Primetzhofer D. Determining the chronological sequence of inks deposited with different writing and printing tools using ion beam analysis. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1401-1409. [PMID: 33748972 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Determining the sequence of inks in a questioned document is important in forensic science. Conventional and micro beam-based ion beam analysis using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and particle-induced X-ray emission were employed to study the depth distribution of chemical elements in plain paper and inks/toner deposited by different pens as well as inkjet and laser printers. Composition depth profiling with high lateral resolution was performed with focus on areas where two different coloring agents overlapped. We identify under which conditions the sequence of inks deposited can be reconstructed, analyzing the continuity of characteristic contributions to the obtained signals, with a focus on the depth-resolved RBS data. The order of deposition was correctly determined for combinations of two different laser printers and in certain cases for pens. Results indicate a potential for analysis, depending on the composition of staining agent, that is, in particular if heavy species are present in sufficiently high concentration. In such cases, also characters obscured or modified by an agent of different composition can be revealed. Changing the probing depth by modifying the beam energy could yield additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vairavel Mathayan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Primetzhofer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Goacher RE. ToF-SIMS evaluation of markings made by the same black ballpoint pens at different times. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2020.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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