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Cui Y, Zeng Y, Hu H, Zhang Y, Wang D, Feng D. Biochar, phosphate, and magnesium oxide in seaweed and cornstarch dregs co-composting: Enhancing organic matter degradation, humification, and nitrogen retention. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 187:207-217. [PMID: 39059157 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Seaweed waste, abundant and rich in plant-stimulating properties, has the potential to be transformed into valuable soil amendments through proper composting and utilization management. Given its low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, co-composting seaweed with carbon-rich cornstarch dregs is an effective strategy. However, the potential application of co-composting largely depends on the efficiency of the composting and the quality of the product. This study explores the effects of adding 10 % corn stalk biochar to a co-composting system of seaweed and cornstarch dregs, alongside varying buffering capacities of phosphates (KH2PO4 and K2HPO4·3H2O-KH2PO4) and MgO, on the degradation efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen transformation, and humification. The results indicate that the addition of biochar and salts enhances the oxygen utilization rate (OUR) and cellulase activity during the thermophilic phase. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) demonstrate more intense solubilization and transformation of proteinaceous substances, along with cellulose degradation. These processes are crucial for enhancing organic matter degradation and humification, significantly boosting degradation (with an increase of 28.6 % to 33.8 %) and humification levels (HA/FA increased by 37.1 % to 49.6 %). Specifically, groups with high buffering capacity significantly promote the formation of NO3--N and NH4+-N, and a higher degree of humification, creating an optimal environment for significantly improving nitrogen retention (increased by 4.80 %). Additionally, this treatment retains and slightly enhances the plant-stimulating properties of seaweed. These findings underscore the potential of integrating biochar with specific ratios of phosphates and MgO to enhance composting efficiency and product quality while preserving the plant-stimulating effects of seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Cui
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yang Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Huili Hu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Derui Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Dawei Feng
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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2
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Zhuo Cai J, Lan Yu Y, Biao Yang Z, Xun Xu X, Chun Lv G, Lian Xu C, Yin Wang G, Qi X, Li T, Bon Man Y, Hung Wong M, Cheng Z. Synergistic improvement of humus formation in compost residue by fenton-like and effective microorganism composite agents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130703. [PMID: 38631654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Improving the humification of compost through a synergistic approach of biotic and abiotic methods is of great significance. This study employed a composite reagent, comprising Fenton-like agents and effective microorganisms (EM) to improve humification. This composite reagent increased humic-acid production by 37.44 %, reaching 39.82 g kg-1, surpassing the control group. The composite reagent synergistically promoted micromolecular fulvic acid and large humic acid production. Collaborative mechanism suggests that Fenton-like agents contributed to bulk residue decomposition and stimulated the evolution of microbial communities, whereas EMs promoted highly aromatic substance synthesis and adjusted the microbial community structure. Sequencing analysis indicates the Fenton-like agent initiated compost decomposition by Firmicutes, and EM reduced the abundance of Virgibacillus, Lentibacillus, and Alcanivorax. Applied as an organic fertilizer in Brassica chinensis L. plantations, the composite reagent considerably improved growth and photosynthetic pigment content. This composite reagent with biotic and abiotic components provides a learnable method for promoting humification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhuo Cai
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lan Yu
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhan Biao Yang
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Xun Xu
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chun Lv
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Lian Xu
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui Yin Wang
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Qi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Bicalho SF, Pegoraro RF, Almeida Neta MN, Barroso AMF, França LO, Santos LS, Silva RR, Rodrigues MN, Sampaio RA, Viana LB. Biochemical changes, metal content, and spectroscopic analysis in sewage sludge composted with lignocellulosic residue using FTIR-MIR and FTIR-NIR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35727-35743. [PMID: 38740679 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic residues, originating from sawdust, in composting sewage sludge for organic fertilizer production, is a practice of growing interest. However, few studies have explored the effect of the proportion of sawdust and sewage sludge raw materials on composting performance in the humification process. This study assessed the addition of sawdust in the sewage sludge composting process, regarding carbon content, presence of heavy metals, and humification of the organic compost. The experimental design employed was a randomized complete block design with five treatments featuring different proportions of organic residues to achieve C/N ratios between 30-1 (T1: 100% sewage sludge and 0% sawdust, T2: 86% sewage sludge and 14.0% sawdust, T3: 67% sewage sludge and 33% sawdust, T4: 55% sewage sludge and 45% sawdust, and T5: 46.5% sewage sludge and 53.5% sawdust) and five replications, totaling 25 experimental units. The addition of lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting increased the levels of TOC and the C/N ratio, reduced the levels of pH, P, N, Na, Ba, and Cr, and did not interfere with the levels of K, Ca, Mg, S, CEC, labile carbon, and metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb. The increase in the proportion of sawdust residue favored the degradation of aliphatic groups, increasing the presence of aromatic structures and reducing humification at the end of composting. The use of sawdust as a lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting is a viable and efficient alternative to produce high-quality organomineral fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodinei Facco Pegoraro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Nilfa Almeida Neta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil.
| | - Aline Martins Ferreira Barroso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Letícia Oliveira França
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, UESB. BR 415, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Neves Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barbosa Viana
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
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Pajura R. Composting municipal solid waste and animal manure in response to the current fertilizer crisis - a recent review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169221. [PMID: 38101643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic price increases of fertilizers and the generation of organic waste are currently global issues. The growth of the population has led to increased production of solid municipal waste and a higher demand for food. Food production is inherently related to agriculture and, to achieve higher yields, it is necessary to replenish the soil with essential minerals. A synergistic approach that addresses both problems is the implementation of the composting process, which aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Food waste, green waste, paper waste, cardboard waste, and animal manure are promising feedstock materials for the extraction of valuable compounds. This review discusses key factors that influence the composting process and compares them with the input materials' parameters. It also considers methods for optimizing the process, such as the use of biochar and inoculation, which result in the production of the final product in a significantly shorter time and at lower financial costs. The applications of composts produced from various materials are described along with associated risks. In addition, innovative composting technologies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Pajura
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Ave Powstańców Warszawy 6, Poland.
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Li K, Shahab A, Li J, Huang H, Sun X, You S, He H, Xiao H. Compost-derived humic and fulvic acid coupling with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for the bioreduction of Cr(Ⅵ). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118596. [PMID: 37421722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The compost-derived humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) contain abundant active functional groups with strong redox capacity, which can function as an electron shuttles for promoting the reduction of heavy metals, thus changing the form of the pollutants in the environment and reducing their toxicity. Therefore, in this study, UV-Vis, FTIR, 3D-EEM, electrochemical analysis were applied to study the spectral characteristics and electron transfer capacity (ETC) of HA and FA. Upon analysis, the results showed an increasing trend of ETC and humification degree (SUVA254) for both HA and FA during composting. However, the aromatic degree (SUVA280) of HA was higher than FA. After 7 days of culture, 37.95% of Cr (Ⅵ) was reduced by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1) alone. Whereas, only if HA or FA existed, the diminution of Cr (Ⅵ) reached 37.43% and 40.55%, respectively. However, the removal rate of Cr (Ⅵ) by HA/MR-1 and FA/MR-1 increased to 95.82% and 93.84% respectively. It indicated that HA and FA acted as electron shuttles, mediating the transfer of electrons between MR-1 and the final electron acceptor, effectively facilitating the bioreduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to Cr (Ⅲ) and also determined via correlation analysis. This study suggested compost-derived HA and FA coupling with MR-1 exhibited excellent performance for the bioreduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to Cr (Ⅲ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jieyue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Shaohong You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Huijun He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - He Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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6
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Silva FSR, da Silva YJAB, Maia AJ, Biondi CM, Araújo PRM, Barbosa RS, Silva CMCAC, Luiz TCS, Araújo AFV. Prediction of heavy metals in polluted mangrove soils in Brazil with the highest reported levels of mercury using near-infrared spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8337-8352. [PMID: 37605089 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Infrared reflectance spectroscopy has demonstrated potential as a tool for monitoring and preventing contamination in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usage of near-infrared spectroscopy for predicting heavy-metal contamination in mangrove soils from the Botafogo River estuary located in Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil. These soils exhibit the highest mercury (Hg) levels ever reported for Brazilian mangrove soils. Sixty-one samples (obtained at depths ranging from 0 to 5 cm) were collected and measured using near-infrared (1000-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Preprocessing methods were applied, and partial least squares regression was used to build prediction models for attributes such as clay content, soil organic matter (SOM), pH, Eh, and concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The models were evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), bias, the ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ), and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The best outcomes were noted for concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb (RPIQ > 2.5 and R2adj > 0.80); second-best outcomes were found for Zn and SOM (RPIQ > 1.5 and R2adj > 0.70). Clay content, pH and Eh exhibited the poorest outcomes (RPIQ < 1.5). The importance of spectral preprocessing is highlighted, notably with Savitzky-Golay derivatives and Multiplicative Scatter Corrections, which boosted performance for most of the variables. Near-infrared spectroscopy can be efficiently used to predict Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and SOM and represents a technique complementary to traditional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábia Shirley Ribeiro Silva
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | - Angelo Jamil Maia
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Miranda Biondi
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Renata Muniz Araújo
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ronny Sobreira Barbosa
- Agronomy Department, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, PI, 64900-000, Brazil
| | | | - Tereza Cristina Sidrone Luiz
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Arthur Felipe Valença Araújo
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, S/N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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7
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Lalthlansanga C, Pottipati S, Sreeram Meesala N, Mohanty B, Kalamdhad AS. Evaluating the potential of biodegradation of swine manure through rotary drum composting utilizing different bulking agents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129751. [PMID: 37714491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the pig industry and the concurrent increase in pig units have posed a significant waste management challenge, particularly in the form of piggery waste. In this study, the potential of three different bulking agents (sawdust, dry leaves, and rice straw) for the biodegradation of piggery waste was evaluated through rotary drum composting (RDC). Following the composting time of 20 days, evaluations of macro and micronutrient concentrations and the C/N ratio revealed stable, matured compost that could be used in farming. However, the saw dust amended RDC (RDC1) outperformed among the studied trails; the total nitrogen content of 1.54%, total phosphorus of 7.68 g kg-1, and total potassium of 23.45 g kg-1 demonstrated the bioproduct produced through RDC1 resulted in superior-quality end product achieved in only 20 days in comparison with other bulking agents studied. Further, the outcomes of the study can serve the swine livestock sector through effective bioconversion of the waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lalthlansanga
- National Institute of Technology, Mizoram, Aizawl 796012, Mizoram, India; State Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India.
| | - Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nava Sreeram Meesala
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | | | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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8
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Srivastava AN, Chakma S. Assessment of in situ stabilization and heavy metal toxicity reduction of sugar mill pressmud through pilot scale composting. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:951. [PMID: 37450081 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to a huge amount of industrial organic waste generation in the recent past, concerned industries are facing immense challenges for in situ treatment and disposal of such wastes. Therefore, in this study, the efficacy assessment of in situ windrow composting of pressmud (PM) produced by sugar industry has been investigated. Samples were grabbed and mixed from windrows having composting days of 15 (PM15), 30 (PM30), and 45 (PM45) and were collected along with a compost sample from the 60th day (PMC) windrow. An investigation of physico-chemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, volatile solids (VS), ash content, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio was performed for raw PM and other aforementioned samples. Moreover, speciation of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses were performed for PM and PMC to evaluate the heavy metal toxicity and mineralogical and chemical changes. The analysis showed 20.33% reduction in VS content and 53.65% increase in TN content after 60 days of in situ windrow composting. The pH and EC values of PMC were found to be lesser than that of upper values recommended for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, the speciation analysis showed significant reduction in bioavailability of heavy metals. The XRD and FTIR results were confirmatory for transformation of heavy metals into relatively stable forms. The study recommends the windrow composting practice as effective bioconversion technique that stabilizes organic content, enhances humification, and diminishes heavy metal bioavailability for PM and similar other sludges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek N Srivastava
- Water Resources Engineering Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Block V 312, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Sumedha Chakma
- Water Resources Engineering Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Block V 312, New Delhi, 110016, India
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9
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Pottipati S, Jat N, Kalamdhad AS. Bioconversion of Eichhornia crassipes into vermicompost on a large scale through improving operational aspects of in-vessel biodegradation process: Microbial dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128767. [PMID: 36822559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eichhornia crassipes is a common, abundant aquatic weed biomass found globally. The present study examined optimum biodegradation procedures through batch studies (550 L rotating drum composter) and the resulting best combination on a large scale (5000 L rotary drum composter). The pilot scale rotary drum reactor was commenced with cow manure and then treated for 3 months with 250 kg/day of homogenously mixed E. crassipes and dry leaves. The rotary drum's inlet and outlet temperatures were 60 °C and 39 °C, respectively, suggesting thermophilic conditions with a 7-day waste retention duration. Eisenia fetida was used for vermicomposting the outlet material for 20 days, raising the nitrogen content to 3.2%. Bacterial diversity (16S-rRNA) sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota are the most predominant. After 27 days, the volume dropped by 71%, and the product was stable and soil-safe. Large-scale optimised biodegradation may be a better way to handle aquatic weed biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Neeraj Jat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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10
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Yan J, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Meng X, Zhao X, Ma X, Zhu W, Cui Z, Yuan X. Effect of temperature and storage methods on liquid digestate: Focusing on the stability, phytotoxicity, and microbial community. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 159:1-11. [PMID: 36724571 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the stability and phytotoxicity of liquid digestate (LD) is necessary for safe agricultural utilization. Storage temperature, method, and time are critical factors that affect the stability and phytotoxicity of LD. This study therefore aimed to explore the dynamics of stability, phytotoxicity, and microbial community of LD in cattle farms under different storage conditions. The results showed that the contents of solids, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorous decreased during storage and exhibited temperature dependency. Conversely, the seed germination index increased, which was negatively correlated with dissolved organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen and positively correlated with certain bacteria (Thermovirga and Fastidiosipila). Open storage and/or higher temperature were found to contribute to the stabilization efficiency and phytotoxicity disappearance of LD. Open storage of LD at 30 °C for 60 days and 20 °C for 90 days was safe for its agricultural utilization, while hermetic storage of LD at 30 °C for 120 days and 20 °C for 150 days was safe. However, for storage at 10 °C for 180 days, additional post-treatment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - ChaoJun Zhang
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyao Meng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuguang Ma
- School of Chemistry, Resource and Environment, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongjun Cui
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufeng Yuan
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Tao X, Xiang F, Ahmad Khan FZ, Yan Y, Ma J, Xu B, Zhang Z. Decomposition and humification process of domestic biodegradable waste by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae from the perspective of dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137861. [PMID: 36642139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermitia illucens L.) (BSFL) bioconversion is a promising technology for domestic biodegradable waste (DBW) management and resource recovery. However, little is known about the DBW biodegradation during the BSFL bioconversion from the perspective of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the current study, field tests were conducted on a full-scale BSFL bioconversion facility with treatment capacity of 15 tons DBW/day. Composition of DOM in DBW were investigated by spectral analysis (UV-vis, fluorescence, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)), coupled with enzyme activity analysis. After BSFL bioconversion, DOM concentrations, total carbon and total nitrogen in residues decreased by 51.5%, 18.3% and 19.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, enzymes like catalase, lipase, protease, sucrase, urease and cellulase significantly increased (9.28%-56.3%). The specific UV absorbance at 254 nm and 280 nm (SUVA254, SUVA280), the area at 226-400 nm (A226-400) and slope in the 280-400 nm region (S280-400) of DOM increased by 230%, 186%, 143% and 398%, respectively. Moreover, the characteristic peaks at 1636, 1077 and 1045 cm-1 in FT-IR increased continuously, with a significant decrease in peak at 1124 and 1572 cm-1. DOM spectral data show that BSFL decomposed the carboxylic, cellulose and aliphatic components, resulting in the increase of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl) and aromatic compounds. Furthermore, fluorescence profiles show that Region Ⅰ, Ⅱ (aromatic proteins) and Ⅳ (soluble microbial byproducts) decreased while Region Ⅴ (humic-like substances) increased significantly. Humification index increased by 122% while biological index decreased by 18.0%, indicating a significant increase in degree of humification and stabilization of the residues. The current evidence provides a theoretical basis for technical re-innovation and improving economic potential of BSFL technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingHua Tao
- College of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, 310058, PR China; HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 48, HangZhou, 311121, PR China
| | - FangMing Xiang
- College of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, 310058, PR China; HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 48, HangZhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan
- Department of Outreach & Continuing Education, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - YuLong Yan
- HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 48, HangZhou, 311121, PR China; JiaXing FuKang Biotechnology Company Limited, Building 1-19#, Development Ave 133, TongXiang Economic HiTech Zone, TongXiang, 314515, PR China
| | - JingJin Ma
- College of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, 310058, PR China; HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 48, HangZhou, 311121, PR China
| | - BingXiang Xu
- JiaXing FuKang Biotechnology Company Limited, Building 1-19#, Development Ave 133, TongXiang Economic HiTech Zone, TongXiang, 314515, PR China
| | - ZhiJian Zhang
- College of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, 310058, PR China; China Academy of West Region Development, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, HangZhou, 310058, PR China.
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12
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Kong X, Luo G, Yan B, Su N, Zeng P, Kang J, Zhang Y, Xie G. Dissolved organic matter evolution can reflect the maturity of compost: Insight into common composting technology and material composition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116747. [PMID: 36436247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can clearly reflect composting components changes, thus it is supposed to indicate the humification process during composting. To demonstrate this, three compost mixtures and two techniques were arranged. DOM evolution was detected by three spectral techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the crystal structure substances decreased gradually during the composting, including cellulose, struvite, sylvine, quartz, and calcite; Specifically, the struvite was found, which was conducive to the fixation of nitrogen and phosphorus. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) further showed that pig manure-based mixtures, added cabbage, and windrow composting are beneficial to sugar, protein, fulvic acid, and soluble microbial by-products decompose and humic acids produce. This process was closely related to the change of physical-chemical parameters (temperature; pH; moisture content; and NH4+-N content) and maturity index (C/N ratio, E4/E6 and GI). Therefore, DOM evolution could quickly reflect the maturity process of compost. In subsequent research, the quantitative analysis of DOM components can be considered to modify DOM spectral parameters, or to build a model, so as to achieve rapid evaluation of compost maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gongwen Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ning Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jialu Kang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guixian Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China.
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13
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Pan X, Wang Z. Rare earth cerium-phenanthroline binary complex as a new corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic medium. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Maturi KC, Haq I, Kalamdhad AS. Biodegradation of an intrusive weed Parthenium hysterophorus through in-vessel composting technique: toxicity assessment and spectroscopic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84600-84615. [PMID: 35788476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus is a toxic terrestrial weed with its erratic behavior brought on by the presence of toxic compounds. A numerous works have been conducted on the complete eradication of this weed, but due to the residuals exists in soil, the weed re-grows. Current study therefore aims at examining the transformation of this weed by an in-vessel composting approach (rotary drum composter) and the evaluation of toxicity characteristics using Vigna radiata and Allium cepa as bioindicators. The nutritional content such as total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium were increased by 38.8, 39.1, and 49.5%, respectively, and the reactor was effective in reducing the biochemical content such as lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose by 43.5, 50.7, and 57.3%, respectively, in the final compost. The thermophilic degradation phase in the reactor existed up to the 8th day of the composting process, which exhibits the highest degradation phase. Meanwhile, the degradation of phenolic, aliphatic, and lignocellulose was investigated and validated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Although P. hysterophorus exhibited phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic effects in plant models at the beginning of the composting process, the toxicity potential appeared to be reduced after 20 days of composting. Therefore, the study's findings proved that the in-vessel composting of P. hysterophorus can produce a nontoxic, nutrient-rich compost product that could be used as a soil conditioner in agricultural farmlands. The insights of the study are not limited to the nutritional, stability, and quality characteristics but also the toxicity characteristics during the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chaitanya Maturi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - Izharul Haq
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
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15
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Pottipati S, Kalamdhad AS. Thermophilic-mesophilic biodegradation: An optimized dual-stage biodegradation technique for expeditious stabilization of sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116189. [PMID: 36113290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the stabilization of fresh sewage sludge through a dual-stage biodegradation process; rotary drum composting in series with vermicomposting. After thermophilic exposure in a rotary drum composter, the partially degraded feedstock was separated into S1 without vermiculture, S2 and S3 with Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida vermi-monocultures, respectively. The S3-derived vermicompost exhibited an 80% and 88% reduction in CO2 and ammonium-nitrogen evolution rates, respectively, demonstrating the expedient stabilization of sludge. The robust, more than 85% seed germination index supported S2 and S3 derived vermicompost viability. A significant decrease in heavy metals was evinced with S2 and S3-derived vermicompost; the S1-derived end product exhibited higher Zn, Cr, and Pb levels in the absence of vermicomposting. Furthermore, soil amended with 20% vermicompost from S3 displayed 50% more plant growth than S1. Thus, the optimized thermophilic-mesophilic dual-biodegradation technique stabilizes sewage sludge quickly, has a lot of potential in sludge management facilities around the world, and produces a marketable end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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16
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Jiang K, Chen W, Liu X, Wang Y, Han D, Zhang Q. Effect of bio-based polyols and chain extender on the microphase separation structure, mechanical properties and morphology of rigid polyurethane foams. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Tan Z, Zhu H, He X, Xi B, Tian Y, Sun X, Zhang H, Ouche Q. Effect of ventilation quantity on electron transfer capacity and spectral characteristics of humic substances during sludge composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70269-70284. [PMID: 35589896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HSs) can ameliorate soil pollution by mediating electron transfer between microorganisms and contaminants. This capability depends on the redox-active functional structure and electron transfer capacity (ETC) of HS. This study mainly aimed to analyze the effects of different ventilation quantities on the ETC and spectral characteristics of HS (including humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs)) during sludge composting. HS was extracted from compost with different ventilation quantities (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 L kg-1 dry matter min-1, denoted as VQ1, VQ2, and VQ3, respectively). The ETC of HS was measured by electrochemical method. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were conducted to understand the evolution of HS composition during composting. Results indicated that the ETC of HA and FA increased during composting, and VQ2 had stronger ETC and electron recycling rate than VQ1 and VQ3 at the end of composting. UV-Vis analysis revealed that the humification degree, aromatization degree, and molecular weight of HA and FA increased during composting, while the content of lignin decreased. EEM-PARAFAC results suggested that VQ2 accelerated the degradation of protein-like substances. FT-IR revealed a decrease trend in polysaccharide and aliphatic, and the carboxyl content increased in VQ2 and VQ3 while decreased in VQ1. Correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between HS components and ETC. The results advance our further understanding of the pollution remediation mechanism of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Quanyi Ouche
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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18
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Tao Z, Liu X, Sun L, He X, Wu Z. Effects of two types nitrogen sources on humification processes and phosphorus dynamics during the aerobic composting of spent mushroom substrate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115453. [PMID: 35751257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting is increasingly regarded as a promising technology for the recycling of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), and an applicable nitrogen source is necessary to improve the process. This study is the first to investigate the effects of protein-like N source (chicken manure, CM) and high-N source (urea, UR) on humification process and P dynamics during SMS composting. The effect of different N sources on microbial succession was also studied. Results showed that CM addition achieved a longer thermophilic phase (16 d vs 9 d), greater germination indices (131.6% vs 106.3%), and higher total phosphorus content (13.1 g/kg vs 6.56 g/kg) in the end products, as compared to UR. The addition of CM showed beneficial effects on humification and stabilization, including decreased weight loss and fluctuations in the level of functional groups. The P produced in the compost was interconverted and leached in the P pool. In this case, the P detected in the compost was in the form of orthophosphate and MgNH4PO4⋅6H2O crystal as inorganic P and orthophosphate monoester as organic P. The most abundant microorganisms at the phylum level mainly include Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, accounting for more than 88% of the total microorganisms. The addition of CM to SMS compost resulted in higher organic matter degradation rates. This work clarified the role of various N sources in SMS composting and presented an appropriate waste management method beneficial to bioresource technology and sustainable development of the edible fungi business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Tao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Linlin Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xuxu He
- Yanchang Green Farmers Company, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China.
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Pottipati S, Kundu A, Kalamdhad AS. Performance evaluation of a novel two-stage biodegradation technique through management of toxic lignocellulosic terrestrial weeds. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:191-202. [PMID: 35381446 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the biodegradation of two potentially toxic terrestrial weeds Parthenium hysterophorus and Lantana camara, implementing a novel two-stage biodegradation technique; Rotary drum composting followed by vermicomposting (RV). The RV approach was refined for a 7-day thermophilic degradation in an in-vessel rotary drum composter, followed by a 20-day mesophilic degradation utilizing Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae vermi-monocultures. However, rotary drum composting (RDC) was performed for both the weeds (for 27 days), facilitating only initial thermophilic degradation to compare the efficacy of the RV technique. Lignocelluloses analysis revealed that cellulose degradation doubled during RV technique, indicating efficient biodegradation in reactors administered with E. fetida vermiculture compared to RDC (19.60 to 42.80% and 26.80 to 66.50% in P. hysterophorus and L. camara feedstocks). Further, these results also correlated with the X-Ray diffractograms of all trials showing the degradation of crystalline cellulose at 2θ: 20-50° for RV. Moreover, to ensure product safety, the analyzed total heavy metals content also unveiled the advantage of RV over RDC as validated by the accumulation of higher concentrations of zinc (45% and 33% in P. hysterophorus and L. camara feedstocks) and lead (55% and 45% in P. hysterophorus and L. camara feedstocks) in reactors with E. fetida. The material's seed germination index increased to 80% in the final product of all trials in the RV technique, indicating the diminishing of the phytotoxic nature. Subsequently, pot studies also indicated that the RV technique was coherent in managing noxious weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ashmita Kundu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Experimental Evaluation of Industrial Mushroom Waste Substrate Using Hybrid Mechanism of Vermicomposting and Effective Microorganisms. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15092963. [PMID: 35591297 PMCID: PMC9101484 DOI: 10.3390/ma15092963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom waste substrates are highly resistant lignocellulosic wastes that are commercially produced by industries after harvesting. These wastes produce large environmental challenges regarding disposal and, thus, require treatment facilities. In the present article, the effect of Eisenia-fetida-based vermicomposting and an effective microorganism solution on the mushroom waste substrate were investigated using four different composting mixtures: mushroom waste [MW] substrate composting with effective microorganisms [MW+EM], raw mushroom waste [RWM] substrate composting with effective microorganisms [RMW+EM], mushroom waste substrate composting with vermicomposting and effective microorganisms [MW+V+EM], and raw mushroom waste substrate composting with vermicomposting and effective microorganisms [RWM+V+EM]. This article discusses the structural and physiochemical changes at four samples for 45 days (almost six weeks) of composting. The physical and chemical parameters were monitored during composting and provided information on the duration of the process. The results indicated pH (7.2~8), NPK value (0.9~1.8), and C:N ratio <14, and heavy metals exhibited a decreasing trend in later stages for all sets of compost materials and showed the maturity level. FTIR spectra revealed that all four samples included peaks for the -OH (hydroxy group) ranging from 3780 to 3500 cm−1 and a ridge indicating the C=C (alkenyl bond) ranging from 1650 to 1620 cm−1 in compost. The X-ray diffraction spectrum clearly shows how earthworms and microbes break down molecules into cellulose compounds, and the average crystallinity size using Scherrer’s equation was found to be between 69.82 and 93.13 nm. Based on the experimental analysis, [RWM+V+EM] accelerated the breakdown of organic matter and showed improvement compared with other composts in compostable materials, thus, emphasizing the critical nature of long-term mushroom waste management and treatment.
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Yang W, Zhang L. Addition of mature compost improves the composting of green waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126927. [PMID: 35247566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an environmentally friendly and effective way to dispose of green waste (GW), but traditional composting of GW is slow and results in the loss of many nutrients and a poor-quality compost product. In this study, mature compost (MC), which may function as an inexpensive and readily available microbial inoculant, was added to GW at 15, 20, 25, and 30% (w/w, dry weight basis) (treatments T2-T5, respectively); GW with 0.5% (v/w, dry weight basis) commercial microbial inoculum served as T1, and GW without any microbial inoculant served as the control. The treatment that produced the highest quality compost was determined based on the following compost properties: temperature, bulk density, porosity, pH, electric conductivity, contents of organic matter and nutrients, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data, and phytotoxicity. The results showed that addition of 25% MC resulted in the best quality product in only 40 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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22
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Bio-Augmentation as an Emerging Strategy to Improve the Textile Compost Quality Using Identified Autochthonous Strains. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation is devoted, for the first time, to the potential of autochthonous inoculums through bio-augmentation tests to improve the compost quality and to decrease the composting time during composting of textile waste. For this reason, three strains were isolated from a mixture of textile waste, green waste, paper, and cardboard waste, and therefore identified as Streptomyces cellulosae, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Serratia liquefaciens, employed using bio-augmentation test. The organic matter decaying was assessed according to three different inoculums doses, separately and in consortium (4%, 6%, and 8%), to describe the effect of bio-augmentation process on the organic matter decaying. Indeed, these three strains and their consortium have shown a strong potential of organic matter degradation, equally the bacterial consortium showed a total organic carbon degradation of 20.3%, total Kjeldahl nitrogen of 1.52%, and a Carbon/Nitrogen ratio of 13.36. Compost maturity has been completed after only 12 weeks of treatment instead of 44 weeks using the classical treatment by composting. Ultimately, according to these results, bio-augmentation could be an emerging and promising strategy to accelerate the composting process of solid waste, especially in the case of industrial waste. Equally, it could be an effective tool to avoid the accumulation of industrial waste disposal in public landfills and/or nature while allowing their treatment.
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Biyada S, Merzouki M, Dėmčėnko T, Vasiliauskienė D, Marčiulaitienė E, Vasarevičius S, Urbonavičius J. The Effect of Feedstock Concentration on the Microbial Community Dynamics During Textile Waste Composting. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.813488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of initial feedstock concentration on the microbial community structure and dynamics during textile waste composting processes was investigated using the next-generation sequencing approach. For this, three mixtures were prepared with different textile waste concentrations mixed with green waste and paper and cardboard waste for composting, to choose the proportion that will provide a mature final compost. A comprehensive characterization of the microbial communities associated with different textile waste concentrations during composting was achieved. It was noted that by increasing the concentration of textile waste, microbial communities (bacterial and fungal) change. Genera and species belonging to Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexia, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mucoromycota were the most abundant in the mixtures containing either 40 or 60% of textile waste, whereas some of the species were absent at 80% of textile waste in the mix; this difference was also reflected by their enzymatic activities. Generally, these phyla are associated with composting, and they play a major role in recalcitrant molecular decaying. Ultimately, it can be concluded that the shift most likely occurred in microbial communities during composting probably owing to the interaction between changes in the nutrient concentration and microbial communities. This investigation proves that the concentration of textile waste significantly affects the microbial communities and demonstrates that a high concentration of textile waste is not suitable to grant a good maturity of compost.
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Biyada S, Merzouki M, Dėmčėnko T, Vasiliauskienė D, Ivanec-Goranina R, Urbonavičius J, Marčiulaitienė E, Vasarevičius S, Benlemlih M. Microbial community dynamics in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases of textile waste composting identified through next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23624. [PMID: 34880393 PMCID: PMC8654937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Composting is a promising source of mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms directly involved in the decay of organic matter. However, there is a paucity of information related to bacterial and fungal diversity in compost and their enzymatic activities during the composting process. In this work, bacterial and fungal diversity during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases of textile waste composting was investigated as a way to explain the physical–chemical results obtained during the composting process. This was accomplished using a next-generation sequencing approach that targets either the 16S rRNA or ITS genomic regions of bacteria and fungi, respectively. It was observed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla present at the mesophilic phase but not at the thermophilic one. Composting textile waste exhibits a sustained thermophilic profile (above 55 °C) that usually precludes fungal activity. Nonetheless, the presence of fungi at the thermophilic phase was observed. Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were the most dominant phyla during both composting phases. Such thermophilic fungi with great ability to decay organic matter could be isolated as pure cultures and used for the bioaugmentation of textile waste composting to achieve an advanced maturity level of textile waste compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Biyada
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Atlas, BP: 1796, 30 000, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Atlas, BP: 1796, 30 000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Taisija Dėmčėnko
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Vasiliauskienė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Ivanec-Goranina
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jaunius Urbonavičius
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Marčiulaitienė
- Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Vasarevičius
- Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mohamed Benlemlih
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Atlas, BP: 1796, 30 000, Fez, Morocco
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Engineered Magnetic Carbon-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Water Priority Pollutants: An Overview. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9917444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the preparation, characterization, and application of magnetic adsorbents obtained from carbon-based sources and their application in the adsorption of both inorganic and organic pollutants from water. Different preparation routes to obtain magnetic adsorbents from activated carbon, biochar, hydrochar, graphene, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanocages, including the magnetic phase incorporated on the solid surface, are described and discussed. The performance of these adsorbents is analyzed for the removal of fluoride, arsenic, heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other emerging and relevant water pollutants. Properties of these adsorbents and the corresponding adsorption mechanisms have been included in this review. Overall, this type of magnetic adsorbents offers an alternative for facing the operational problems associated to adsorption process in water treatment. However, some gaps have been identified in the proper physicochemical characterization of these adsorbents, the development of green and low-cost preparation methods for their industrial production and commercialization, the regeneration and final disposal of spent adsorbents, and their application in the multicomponent adsorption of water pollutants.
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Xiao D, Vu QH, Le BT. Salt content in saline-alkali soil detection using visible-near infrared spectroscopy and a 2D deep learning. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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