1
|
Red Marine Algae Lithothamnion calcareum Supports Dental Enamel Mineralization. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020109. [PMID: 36827150 PMCID: PMC9963885 DOI: 10.3390/md21020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current management of oral conditions such as dental caries and erosion mostly relies on fluoride-based formulations. Herein, we proposed the use of the remaining skeleton of Lithothamnion calcareum (LC) as an alternative to fluorides. LC is a red macroalgae of the Corallinales order, occurring in the northeast coast of Brazil, whose unique feature is the abundant presence of calcium carbonates in its cell walls. Two experimental approaches tested the general hypothesis that LC could mediate enamel de-remineralization dynamics as efficiently as fluorides. Firstly, the effect of LC on enamel de-mineralization was determined in vitro by microhardness and gravimetric measurements to test the hypothesis that LC could either prevent calcium/phosphate release from intact enamel or facilitate calcium/phosphate reprecipitation on an artificially demineralized enamel surface. Subsequently, an in situ/ex vivo co-twin control study measured the effect of LC on the remineralization of chemical-demineralized enamel using microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence. With this second experiment, we wanted to test whether outcomes obtained in experiment 1 would be confirmed by an in situ/ex vivo co-twin control model. Both experiments showed that LC exhibited equivalent or superior ability to modulate enamel de-remineralization when compared to fluoride solution. LC should be explored as an alternative to manage oral conditions involving the enamel demineralization.
Collapse
|
2
|
Nowacki K, Galiński M, Fursov A, Voronkina A, Meissner H, Petrenko I, Stelling AL, Ehrlich H. Electrolysis as a Universal Approach for Isolation of Diverse Chitin Scaffolds from Selected Marine Demosponges. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:665. [PMID: 36354988 PMCID: PMC9699038 DOI: 10.3390/md20110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional chitinous scaffolds often used in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, biomimetics and technology are mostly isolated from marine organisms, such as marine sponges (Porifera). In this work, we report the results of the electrochemical isolation of the ready to use chitinous matrices from three species of verongiid demosponges (Aplysina archeri, Ianthella basta and Suberea clavata) as a perfect example of possible morphological and chemical dimorphism in the case of the marine chitin sources. The electrolysis of concentrated Na2SO4 aqueous solution showed its superiority over the chemical chitin isolation method in terms of the treatment time reduction: only 5.5 h for A. archeri, 16.5 h for I. basta and 20 h for the S. clavata sample. Further investigation of the isolated scaffolds by digital microscopy and SEM showed that the electrolysis-supported isolation process obtains chitinous scaffolds with well-preserved spatial structure and it can be competitive to other alternative chitin isolation techniques that use external accelerating factors such as microwave irradiation or atmospheric plasma. Moreover, the infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) proved that with the applied electrochemical conditions, the transformation into chitosan does not take place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nowacki
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Galiński
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andriy Fursov
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Alona Voronkina
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | - Heike Meissner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Allison L. Stelling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kasprzak D, Galiński M. DMSO as an auxiliary solvent in the fabrication of homogeneous chitin-based films obtaining from an ionic liquid process. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
4
|
Chitin and chitin-cellulose composite hydrogels prepared by ionic liquid-based process as the novel electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper reports on the preparation and electrochemical performance of chitin- and chitin-cellulose-based hydrogel electrolytes. The materials were prepared by a casting solution technique using ionic liquid-based solvents. The method of chitin dissolution in ionic liquid with the assistance of dimethyl sulfoxide co-solvent was investigated. The obtained membranes were soaked with 1-M lithium sulfate aqueous solution. The prepared materials were preliminarily characterized in terms of structural and physicochemical properties. Further, the most promising biopolymer membranes were assembled with activated carbon cloth electrodes in symmetric electrochemical capacitor cells. The electrochemical performances of these devices were studied in a 2-electrode system by commonly known electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The devices operated at a maximum voltage of 0.8 V. All the investigated materials have shown high efficiency in terms of specific capacitance, power density, and cyclability. The studied capacitors exhibited specific capacitance values in the range of 92–98 F g−1, with excellent capacitance retention (ca. 97–98%) after 20,000 galvanostatic charge and discharge cycles. Taking into account the above information and the eco-friendly nature of the biopolymer, it appears that the prepared chitin- and chitin-cellulose-based hydrogel electrolytes can be promising components for green electrochemical capacitors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin W, Wan QQ, Ma YX, Wang CY, Wan MC, Ma S, Wang YR, Wang WR, Gu JT, Tay FR, Niu LN. Manifestation and Mechanisms of Abnormal Mineralization in Teeth. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 9:1733-1756. [PMID: 34436861 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tooth biomineralization is a dynamic and complicated process influenced by local and systemic factors. Abnormal mineralization in teeth occurs when factors related to physiologic mineralization are altered during tooth formation and after tooth maturation, resulting in microscopic and macroscopic manifestations. The present Review provides timely information on the mechanisms and structural alterations of different forms of pathological tooth mineralization. A comprehensive study of these alterations benefits diagnosis and biomimetic treatment of abnormal mineralization in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Chen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balu SK, Andra S, Jeevanandam J, S MV, V S. Emerging marine derived nanohydroxyapatite and their composites for implant and biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104523. [PMID: 33940538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Implant materials must mimic natural human bones with biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and mechanical stability to successfully replace damaged or disease-affected bones. Synthetic hydroxyapatite was incorporated with bioglass to mimic natural bones for replacing conventional implant materials which has led to certain toxicity issues. Hence, hydroxyapatite (HAp) are recently gaining applicational importance as they are resembling the structure and function of natural bones. Further, nanosized HAp is under extensive research to utilize them as a potential replacement for traditional implants with several exclusive properties. However, chemical synthesis of nano-HAp exhibited toxicity towards normal and healthy cells. Recently, biogenic Hap synthesis from marine and animal sources are introduced as a next generation implant materials, due to their mineral ion and significant porous architecture mediated biocompatibility and bone bonding ability, compared to synthetic HAp. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to give a bird's eye view into the conventional approaches for fabricating nano-HAp, its limitations and the significance of using marine organisms and marine food wastes as a precursor for biogenic nano-Hap production. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro analyses of marine source derived nano-HAp and their potential biomedical applications were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Balu
- Department of Ceramic Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Swetha Andra
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600069, India
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manisha Vidyavathy S
- Department of Ceramic Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India.
| | - Sampath V
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Batson PB, Tamberg Y, Taylor PD, Gordon DP, Smith AM. Skeletal resorption in bryozoans: occurrence, function and recognition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1341-1371. [PMID: 32558290 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal resorption - the physiological removal of mineralised parts by an organism - is an important morphogenetic process in bryozoans. Reports of its occurrence and function across the phylum are patchy, however, and have not previously been synthesised. Here we show that resorption occurs routinely across a wide range of bryozoan clades, colony sizes, growth forms, ontogenetic stages, body wall types, skeletal ultrastructures and mineralogies. Beginning in the early Paleozoic, different modes and functions of resorption have evolved convergently among disparate groups, highlighting its utility as a morphogenetic mode in this phylum. Its functions include branch renovation, formation of branch articulations, excavation of reproductive chambers, part-shedding, and creation of access portals for budding beyond previously formed skeletal walls. Bryozoan skeletons can be altered by resorption at microscopic, zooidal and colony-wide scales, typically with a fine degree of control and coordination. We classified resorption patterns in bryozoans according to the morphology and function of the resorption zone (window formation, abscission or excavation), timing within the life of the skeletal element resorbed (primary or secondary), and scale of operation (zooidal or multizooidal). Skeletal resorption is probably greatly underestimated in terms of its utility and role in bryozoan life history, and its prevalence across taxa, especially in fossil forms. It is reported proportionally more frequently in stenolaemates than in gymnolaemates. Some modes of resorption potentially alter or remove the spatial-temporal record of calcification preserved within a skeleton. Consequently, knowledge that resorption has occurred can be relevant for some common applications of skeletal analysis, such as palaeoenvironmental interpretation, or growth and ageing studies. To aid recognition we provide scanning electron microscopy, backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy examples of skeletal ultrastuctures modified by resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Batson
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, 310 Castle Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Yuta Tamberg
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, 310 Castle Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Paul D Taylor
- Departments of Earth & Life Sciences , Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Dennis P Gordon
- NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, 6241, New Zealand
| | - Abigail M Smith
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, 310 Castle Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Świetlicka I, Kuc D, Świetlicki M, Arczewska M, Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E, Prószyński A, Gołacki K, Błaszczak J, Cieślak K, Kamiński D, Mielnik-Błaszczak M. Near-Surface Studies of the Changes to the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Human Enamel under the Action of Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP-ACP Compound. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050765. [PMID: 32422985 PMCID: PMC7277937 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes to the features of the enamel surface submitted to induced demineralisation and subsequent remineralisation were studied. The in vitro examination was conducted on polished slices of human molar teeth, divided in four groups: the untreated control (n = 20), challenged by a demineralisation with orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) (n = 20), and challenged by a demineralisation following remineralisation with fluoride (F) varnish containing casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) compounds (n = 20). The specimens’ enamel surfaces were subjected to analysis of structure, molecular arrangement, mechanical features, chemical composition, and crystalline organization of apatite crystals. Specimens treated with acid showed a significant decrease in crystallinity, calcium, and phosphorus levels as well as mechanical parameters, with an increase in enamel surface roughness and degree of carbonates when compared to the control group. Treatment with fluoride CPP–ACP varnish provided great improvements in enamel arrangement, as the destroyed hydroxyapatite structure was largely rebuilt and the resulting enamel surface was characterised by greater regularity, higher molecular and structural organisation, and a smoother surface compared to the demineralised one. In conclusion, this in vitro study showed that fluoride CPP–ACP varnish, by improving enamel hardness and initiating the deposition of a new crystal layer, can be an effective remineralising agent for the treatment of damaged enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Świetlicka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (I.Ś.); (M.A.)
| | - Damian Kuc
- Chair and Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (D.K.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Michał Świetlicki
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (M.Ś.); (A.P.)
| | - Marta Arczewska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (I.Ś.); (M.A.)
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Adam Prószyński
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (M.Ś.); (A.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Gołacki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automatics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Krystian Cieślak
- Institute of Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Daniel Kamiński
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak
- Chair and Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (D.K.); (M.M.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Carvalho RT, Salgado LT, Amado Filho GM, Leal RN, Werckmann J, Rossi AL, Campos APC, Karez CS, Farina M. Biomineralization of calcium carbonate in the cell wall of Lithothamnion crispatum (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta): correlation between the organic matrix and the mineral phase. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:642-651. [PMID: 28258584 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of coralline algae mineralization. However, the relationship between the mineral phase and the organic matrix in coralline algae has not yet been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study was to describe the cell wall ultrastructure of Lithothamnion crispatum, a cosmopolitan rhodolith-forming coralline algal species collected near Salvador (Brazil), and examine the relationship between the organic matrix and the nucleation and growth/shape modulation of calcium carbonate crystals. A nanostructured pattern was observed in L. crispatum along the cell walls. At the nanoscale, the crystals from L. crispatum consisted of several single crystallites assembled and associated with organic material. The crystallites in the bulk of the cell wall had a high level of spatial organization. However, the crystals displayed cleavages in the (104) faces after ultrathin sectioning with a microtome. This organism is an important model for biomineralization studies as the crystallographic data do not fit in any of the general biomineralization processes described for other organisms. Biomineralization in L. crispatum is dependent on both the soluble and the insoluble organic matrix, which are involved in the control of mineral formation and organizational patterns through an organic matrix-mediated process. This knowledge concerning the mineral composition and organizational patterns of crystals within the cell walls should be taken into account in future studies of changing ocean conditions as they represent important factors influencing the physico-chemical interactions between rhodoliths and the environment in coralline reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Tavares Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Nunes Leal
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacques Werckmann
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Porto Carreiro Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Diretoria de Metrologia Científica e Industrial, CEP, 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Santiago Karez
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abrantes AAA, Rafacho A, Rivero ERC, Mariano FV, Siqueira FM, Gondak RO. Tissue integrity, costs and time associated with different agents for histological bone preparation. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:344-349. [PMID: 28370969 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The selection of an appropriate demineralizing solution in pathology laboratories depends on several factors such as the preservation of cellularity, urgency of diagnostic and financial costs. The aim of this study was to test different decalcification bone procedures in order to establish the best value of these in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples. Femurs were removed from 13 adult male Wistar rats to obtain 130 bone disks randomly divided into five groups that were demineralized in different concentrations of nitric acid (Group I); formic acid (Group II); acetic acid (Group III); EDTA, pH7.4 (Group IV) and Morsés solution (Group V). Serial, 3-μm-thick sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin to calculate the percentage of osteocyte-occupied lacunae. The sections were also stained with Masson's trichrome in conjunction with picrosirius red under polarized light followed by a semi-quantitative analysis to verify the adjacent muscle-to-bone integrity and preservation of collagen fibres. The highest percentage of osteocyte-occupied lacunae was found with 10% acetic acid solution (95.64 ± 0.95%) and Group I (nitric acid) demanded the shorter time (0.8-5.7days). Of all solutions, 5% nitric acid incurred the lowest cost to achieve complete demineralization compared with other solutions (p < .001). Group IV (EDTA) had the highest integrity of muscle and collagen type I and III (P < 0.01). Demineralization with 10% acetic acid was the most effective at preserving bone tissue, while 5% EDTA was the best at maintaining collagen and adjacent muscle to bone. In conclusion, nitric acid at 5% showed the most efficient result as it balanced both time and cost as a demineralizing solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elena Riet Correa Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Modolo Siqueira
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Gondak
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walden SJ, Mulville J, Rowlands JP, Evans SL. An Analysis of Systematic Elemental Changes in Decomposing Bone. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:207-213. [PMID: 28295357 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to investigate compositional changes in bone during decomposition. Elemental concentrations of barium, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus in porcine bone (as an experimental analog for human bone) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The samples were taken from porcine bone subjected to shallow burial and surface depositions at 28-day intervals for a period of 140 days. Results indicated that ICP-OES elemental profiling has potential to be developed as a forensic test for determining whether a bone sample originates from the early stages of soft tissue putrefaction. Significant changes in iron, sodium and potassium concentrations were found over 140 days. These elements are known to be primarily associated with proteins and/or tissue fluids within the bone. Changes in their respective concentrations may therefore be linked to dehydration over time and in turn may be indicative of time since deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Walden
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, UK.,School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Jacqui Mulville
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, UK
| | | | - Sam L Evans
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Orrego S, Melo MA, Lee S, Xu HHK, Arola DD. Fatigue of human dentin by cyclic loading and during oral biofilm challenge. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1978-1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Orrego
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore Maryland
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Department of EndodonticsProsthodontics, and Operative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimore Maryland
| | - Se‐Han Lee
- Division of Mechanical EngineeringKyungnam UniversityChangwon631‐701 Korea
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of EndodonticsProsthodontics, and Operative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimore Maryland
| | - Dwayne D. Arola
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattle Washington, DC
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry, University of WashingtonSeattle Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tamilselvi SM, Thiyagarajan C, Uthandi S. Calcite Dissolution by Brevibacterium sp. SOTI06: A Futuristic Approach for the Reclamation of Calcareous Sodic Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1828. [PMID: 28008333 PMCID: PMC5143345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the ability of soil microorganisms to dissolute poorly soluble native calcite to supply Ca2+ is a new area to be explored in reclaiming sodic soils by supplying adequate Ca2+ and reducing the recurrent sodicity. Hence, the present study aimed to isolate a calcite dissolving bacteria (CDB) from calcareous sodic soils and to understand the mechanism of calcite dissolution. Of the 33 CDB isolates recovered from the calcareous sodic soils of Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore, Ramnad, and Trichy), 11 isolates were screened for calcite dissolution based on titratable acidity. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the three best isolates viz., SORI09, SOTI05, and SOTI06 revealed 99% similarity to Bacillus aryabhattai, 100% to B. megaterium, and 93% to Brevibacterium sp., respectively. Among them, Brevibacterium sp. SOTI06 released more Ca2+ (3.6 g.l-1) by dissolving 18.6% of the native calcite. The spectral data of FTIR also showed reduction in the intensity of calcite (55.36-41.27) by the isolate at a wave number of 1636 cm-1 which confirmed the dissolution. Besides producing organic acids (gluconic acid and acetic acid), Brevibacterium sp. SOTI06 also produced siderophore (91.6%) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS, 13.3 μg. ml-1) which might have enhanced the calcite dissolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Tamilselvi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Chitdeshwari Thiyagarajan
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Sivakumar Uthandi
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dallongeville S, Garnier N, Rolando C, Tokarski C. Proteins in Art, Archaeology, and Paleontology: From Detection to Identification. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2-79. [PMID: 26709533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dallongeville
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- SARL Laboratoire Nicolas Garnier , 63270 Vic le Comte, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4): occurrence and properties. Prog Biomater 2015; 5:9-70. [PMID: 27471662 PMCID: PMC4943586 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-015-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). This type of materials is of the special significance for the human beings because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with CaPO4, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenorthophosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of CaPO4. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered as in vivo dissolution of CaPO4. In addition, natural CaPO4 are the major source of phosphorus, which is used to produce agricultural fertilizers, detergents and various phosphorus-containing chemicals. Thus, there is a great significance of CaPO4 for the humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chien YC, Burwell AK, Saeki K, Fernandez-Martinez A, Pugach MK, Nonomura G, Habelitz S, Ho SP, Rapozo-Hilo M, Featherstone JD, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW. Distinct decalcification process of dentin by different cariogenic organic acids: Kinetics, ultrastructure and mechanical properties. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:93-105. [PMID: 26745819 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied artificial dentin lesions in human teeth generated by lactate and acetate buffers (pH 5.0), the two most abundant acids in caries. The objective of this study was to determine differences in mechanical properties, mineral density profiles and ultrastructural variations of two different artificial lesions with the same approximate depth. METHODS 0.05M (pH 5.0) acetate or lactate buffer was used to create 1) 180μm-deep lesions in non-carious human dentin blocks (acetate 130h; lactate 14days); (2) demineralized, ∼180μm-thick non-carious dentin discs (3 weeks). We performed nanoindentation to determine mechanical properties across the hydrated lesions, and micro X-ray computed tomography (MicroXCT) to determine mineral profiles. Ultrastructure in lesions was analyzed by TEM/selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Demineralized dentin discs were analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). RESULTS Diffusion-dominated demineralization was shown based on the linearity between lesion depths versus the square root of exposure time in either solution, with faster kinetics in acetate buffer. Nanoindentation revealed lactate induced a significantly sharper transition in reduced elastic modulus across the lesions. MicroXCT showed lactate demineralized lesions had swelling and more disorganized matrix structure, whereas acetate lesions had abrupt X-ray absorption near the margin. At the ultrastructural level, TEM showed lactate was more effective in removing minerals from the collagenous matrix, which was confirmed by SAXS analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated the different acids yielded lesions with different characteristics that could influence lesion formation resulting in their distinct predominance in different caries activities, and these differences may impact strategies for dentin caries remineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chien
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - A K Burwell
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - K Saeki
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - A Fernandez-Martinez
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, US; ISTerre, CNRS & University of Grenoble, B.P. 53X, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38041, France
| | - M K Pugach
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - G Nonomura
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S Habelitz
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S P Ho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - M Rapozo-Hilo
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - J D Featherstone
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S J Marshall
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - G W Marshall
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang T, Chu J, Zhou X. Anti-carious Effects ofGalla chinensis: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1837-42. [PMID: 26331796 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tieting Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450000 China
| | - Jinpu Chu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450000 China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dental Science; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Orrego S, Romberg E, Arola D. Synergistic degradation of dentin by cyclic stress and buffer agitation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 44:121-32. [PMID: 25637823 PMCID: PMC4499057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary caries and non-carious lesions develop in regions of stress concentrations and oral fluid movement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of cyclic stress and fluid movement on material loss and subsurface degradation of dentin within an acidic environment. Rectangular specimens of radicular dentin were prepared from caries-free unrestored 3rd molars. Two groups were subjected to cyclic cantilever loading within a lactic acid solution (pH = 5) to achieve compressive stresses on the inner (pulpal) or outer sides of the specimens. Two additional groups were evaluated in the same solution, one subjected to movement only (no stress) and the second held stagnant (control: no stress or movement). Exterior material loss profiles and subsurface degradation were quantified on the two sides of the specimens. Results showed that under cyclic stress material loss was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.0005) on the pulpal side than on the outer side and significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) under compression than tension. However, movement only caused significantly greater material loss (p ≤ 0.0005) than cyclic stress. Subsurface degradation was greatest at the location of highest stress, but was not influenced by stress state or movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Orrego
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elaine Romberg
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics, and Operative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwayne Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Asl-Aminabadi N, Najafpour E, Samiei M, Erfanparast L, Anoush S, Jamali Z, Pournaghi-Azar F, Ghertasi-Oskouei S. Laser-Casein phosphopeptide effect on remineralization of early enamel lesions in primary teeth. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e261-7. [PMID: 26155343 PMCID: PMC4483334 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation following casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application on calcium and phosphate concentration and surface microhardness (SMH) of enamel surface in artificial white spot lesions of primary teeth. Material and Methods Eighty teeth with artificial white spot lesions were randomly divided into four groups: (A) distilled and deionized water, (B) Nd:YAG laser, (C) CPP-ACP crème, & (D) CPP-ACP plus laser. SMH was measured using Vickers diamond indenter in Vickers Hardness Number (VHN). Two samples of each group were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analyzed with the SPSS 17/win. Results The subjects of group D demonstrated a significant increase in the calcium and phosphate contents of enamel surface compared to those of groups A (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), B (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and C (P = 0.024, P = 0.04), respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen for mean VHN between groups A and B (P = 0.002). SEM evaluations confirmed the results. Conclusions The combination of Nd:YAG laser and CPP-ACP crème could be recommended as an effective preventive modality for remineralizing of white spot lesions in primary teeth. Key words:CPP-ACP, enamel remineralization, microhardness, Nd:YAG, primary teeth, SEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Asl-Aminabadi
- Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Najafpour
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Leila Erfanparast
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Anoush
- Post graduate Student, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pournaghi-Azar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Sina Ghertasi-Oskouei
- Research Assistant, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ehrlich H, Witkowski A. Biomineralization in Diatoms: The Organic Templates. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9398-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
21
|
Formic acid demineralization does not affect the morphometry of cervical zygapophyseal joint meniscoids. Anat Sci Int 2014; 90:57-63. [PMID: 24989670 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-014-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Demineralization can facilitate the dissection of soft tissue structures in inaccessible locations by softening surrounding bone so that it can be easily removed without risking damage to the structure of interest. However, it is unclear whether demineralization alters the morphometry of soft tissues if used for this purpose. We have therefore examined the effect of extended-immersion formic acid demineralization on the size and shape of cervical zygapophyseal joint meniscoids to evaluate its usefulness as a means of facilitating dissection and examination of soft tissue structures from bony regions. Four cadaveric cervical spines were dissected, and three randomly selected zygapophyseal joints from each spine (12 in total) were removed, disarticulated and immersed in 5% formic acid for 32 days. Each joint was examined using a surgical microscope and photographed, and meniscoid length and surface area measured at days 0, 4, 18, and 32. Measurements were made on magnified digital photographs, and each measurement was repeated three times to determine intra-rater reliability. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Significance was set at p < 0.05. There were no significant differences between any of the measures over time for all of the variables assessed (F = 0.302-1.576, p = 0.226-0.759, partial η (2) = 0.029-0.136). For all measurements, intra-rater reliability was high (intra-class correlation > 0.9). These results support the use of formic acid demineralization to facilitate the study of cervical spine meniscoids by dissection, as even after a period of extended immersion in the solution, the morphometry of the structures was not significantly altered. Findings may have implications for dissection studies of other meniscoid-like soft tissue structures that use formic acid demineralization.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou C, Zhang D, Bai Y, Li S. Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate remineralization of primary teeth early enamel lesions. J Dent 2014; 42:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
23
|
Lin Z, Liu L, Xi Z, Huang J, Lin B. Single-walled carbon nanotubes promote rat vascular adventitial fibroblasts to transform into myofibroblasts by SM22-α expression. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4199-206. [PMID: 22904629 PMCID: PMC3418071 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be used as artery tissue-engineering materials by promoting vascular adventitial fibroblasts (VAFs) to transform into myofibroblasts (MFs) and to find the signal pathway involved in this process. VAFs were primary cultured and incubated with various doses of SWCNTs suspension (0, 0.8, 3.2, 12.5, 50, and 200 μg/mL). In the present study, we used three methods (MTT, WST-1, and WST-8) at the same time to detect the cell viability and immunofluorescence probe technology to investigate the effects of oxidative injury after VAFs incubated with SWCNTs. Immunocytochemical staining was used to detect SM22-α expression to confirm whether VAFs transformed into MFs. The protein levels were detected by western blotting. The results of immunocytochemical staining showed that SM22-α was expressed after incubation with 50 μg/mL SWCNTs for 96 hours, but with oxidative damage. The mRNA and protein levels of SM22-α, C-Jun N-terminal kinase, TGF-β1, and TGF-β receptor II in VAFs increased with the dose of SWCNTs. The expression of the p-Smad2/3 protein was upregulated while the Smad7 protein was significantly down-regulated. Smad4 was translocated to the nucleus to regulate SM22-α gene expression. In conclusion, SWCNTs promoted VAFs to transform into MFs with SM22-α expression by the C-Jun N-terminal kinase/Smads signal pathway at the early stage (48 hours) but weakened quickly. SWCNTs also promoted the transformation by the TGF-βl/Smads signal pathway at the advanced stage in a persistent manner. These results indicate that SWCNTs can possibly be used as artery tissue-engineering materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Lin
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Draenert FG, Nonnenmacher AL, Kämmerer PW, Goldschmitt J, Wagner W. BMP-2 and bFGF release and in vitro effect on human osteoblasts after adsorption to bone grafts and biomaterials. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:750-7. [PMID: 22524399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combination of scaffolds and growth factors is a promising option for several clinical problems in bone biomaterials. Simplified growth factor loading by adsorption from aqueous solution is one important option for this technology. We evaluated the adsorption followed by PBS rinsing, release and biological effect of transient loading with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) on fresh frozen bone, processed bone matrix, collagen, and a ceramic material with immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and qRT-PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of three in vitro experiments (immunofluorescence, ELISA, and qRT-PCR) in human osteoblasts (HOB). The first evaluated the adsorption of the growth factors bFGF and BMP-2 to the biomaterials, analyzed by immunofluorescence assays. The second experiment used ELISA to analyze the release of the growth factors from the matrix. The biological effect of the growth factors on HOB was then studied with qRT-PCR experiments as the third step. RESULTS Strongest sustained release peaks in ELISA were observed in bFGF loading on processed bone matrix (steam-resistant mineralized bone matrix, SMBM) with up to 553 pg/ml medium. BMP-2 loading was less effective in ELISA peak release experiments with up to 257 pg/ml medium in processed bone matrix (SMBM). bFGF showed also higher release peaks in collagen material (192 pg/ml) compared with BMP-2 (101 pg/ml). Cumulative release values 0-72 h were estimated. The expression of runX2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase as markers for osteoblast activity was correlating. CONCLUSION The results showed sustained release of BMP-2 and bFGF after transient loading on bone biomaterials with a stronger effect in biological scaffolds. This is interesting for therapeutic growth factor loading as well as insights in natural growth factor matrix deposition during bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian G Draenert
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Walsh PJ, Walker GM, Maggs CA, Buchanan FJ. A study of the relationship between process conditions and mechanical strength of mineralized red algae in the preparation of a marine-derived bone void filler. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2011; 225:563-74. [PMID: 22034740 DOI: 10.1177/0954411910396306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone void fillers that can enhance biological function to augment skeletal repair have significant therapeutic potential in bone replacement surgery. This work focuses on the development of a unique microporous (0.5-10 microm) marine-derived calcium phosphate bioceramic granule. It was prepared from Corallina officinalis, a mineralized red alga, using a novel manufacturing process. This involved thermal processing, followed by a low pressure-temperature chemical synthesis reaction. The study found that the ability to maintain the unique algal morphology was dependent on the thermal processing conditions. This study investigates the effect of thermal heat treatment on the physiochemical properties of the alga. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to monitor its thermal decomposition. The resultant thermograms indicated the presence of a residual organic phase at temperatures below 500 degrees C and an irreversible solid-state phase transition from mg-rich-calcite to calcium oxide at temperatures over 850 degrees C. Algae and synthetic calcite were evaluated following heat treatment in an air-circulating furnace at temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 degrees C. The highest levels of mass loss occurred between 400-500 degrees C and 700-800 degrees C, which were attributed to the organic and carbonate decomposition respectively. The changes in mechanical strength were quantified using a simple mechanical test, which measured the bulk compressive strength of the algae. The mechanical test used may provide a useful evaluation of the compressive properties of similar bone void fillers that are in granular form. The study concluded that soak temperatures in the range of 600 to 700 degrees C provided the optimum physiochemical properties as a precursor to conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA). At these temperatures, a partial phase transition to calcium oxide occurred and the original skeletal morphology of the alga remained intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Walsh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queens University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications. BIOMATTER 2011; 1:121-64. [PMID: 23507744 PMCID: PMC3549886 DOI: 10.4161/biom.18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. This type of materials is of special significance for human beings, because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with calcium orthophosphates, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenphosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of calcium orthophosphates. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered an in vivo dissolution of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, calcium orthophosphates hold a great significance for humankind, and in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Q, Zou J, Yang R, Zhou X. Remineralization effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on artificial early enamel lesions of primary teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011; 21:374-81. [PMID: 21631614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries in children younger than 72 months is called early childhood caries (ECC). Sixty-six per cent of Chinese children younger than 5 years old have dental decay, and about 97% of them are untreated. AIMS This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the remineralization effects of the casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) crème on the artificial early enamel lesions of the primary teeth and to assess its caries-prevention efficiency. DESIGN Enamel specimens with artificial early lesions were produced and were then randomly divided into Group A: distilled and deionized water, DDW, as negative control; Group B: CPP-ACP crème, test group; Group C: 500 ppm NaF solution, as positive control. The enamel surface microhardness (SMH) was measured before, after demineralization, and 30 days after remineralization. The results were analysed with the SPSS 13.0 software package. The enamel specimens were analysed by the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS The CPP-ACP crème increased SMH of the eroded enamel significantly more than 500 ppm NaF solution did. The morphology of the enamel was different in each group. CONCLUSIONS The CPP-ACP crème is effective in remineralizing early enamel lesions of the primary teeth, a little more effective than 500 ppm NaF and can be used for the prevention of ECC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Voznesenskiy SS, Kul’chin YN, Galkina AN. Biomineralization: A natural mechanism of nanotechnologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078011010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Heinemann F, Launspach M, Gries K, Fritz M. Gastropod nacre: Structure, properties and growth — Biological, chemical and physical basics. Biophys Chem 2011; 153:126-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Huang S, Gao S, Cheng L, Yu H. Remineralization Potential of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on Initial Enamel Lesions: An in vitro Study. Caries Res 2011; 45:460-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000331207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
31
|
|
32
|
Huang S, Gao S, Cheng L, Yu H. Combined effects of nano-hydroxyapatite and Galla chinensis on remineralisation of initial enamel lesion in vitro. J Dent 2010; 38:811-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
33
|
Katz S, Klepal W, Bright M. The skin of Osedax (Siboglinidae, Annelida): an ultrastructural investigation of its epidermis. J Morphol 2010; 271:1272-80. [PMID: 20672365 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic polychaetes of the genus Osedax living on the bones of whale carcasses have become known as bone-eating worms. It is believed that whale bones are the source of nutrition for those gutless worms and that fatty acids are produced by their symbionts and transferred to the host. However, the symbionts are of the heterotrophic group Oceanospirillales and as such are not able to synthesize organic carbon de novo. Also, they are not housed in close contact to the bone material. We studied the ultrastructure of the integument overlying the symbiont housing trophosome in the ovisac region and the roots region and of the symbiont-free trunk region of Osedax to investigate the host's possible contribution in feeding for the whole symbiosis. The epidermis differs conspicuously between the three regions investigated and clearly points to being correlated with different functions carried out by those regions. The ultrastructure of the integument of the root region changed towards the ovisac region and corresponds with the change of the ultrastructure observed in the Osedax trophosome. We suggest that the epidermis in the root region is tightly linked to bone degradation and nutrient uptake. The trunk region possess two types of unicellular gland cells, at least one of which seems to be involved in secretion of the gelatinous tube of adult Osedax females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Katz
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee SW, Park SB, Jeong SK, Lim KS, Lee SH, Trachtenberg MC. On carbon dioxide storage based on biomineralization strategies. Micron 2010; 41:273-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
35
|
Ehrlich H, Demadis KD, Pokrovsky OS, Koutsoukos PG. Modern Views on Desilicification: Biosilica and Abiotic Silica Dissolution in Natural and Artificial Environments. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4656-89. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900334y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Laboratory of Mechanisms and Transfer in Geology, Observatory Midi-Pyrenees (OMP), UMR 5563, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France, and FORTH-ICEHT and Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, University
| | - Konstantinos D. Demadis
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Laboratory of Mechanisms and Transfer in Geology, Observatory Midi-Pyrenees (OMP), UMR 5563, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France, and FORTH-ICEHT and Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, University
| | - Oleg S. Pokrovsky
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Laboratory of Mechanisms and Transfer in Geology, Observatory Midi-Pyrenees (OMP), UMR 5563, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France, and FORTH-ICEHT and Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, University
| | - Petros G. Koutsoukos
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Laboratory of Mechanisms and Transfer in Geology, Observatory Midi-Pyrenees (OMP), UMR 5563, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France, and FORTH-ICEHT and Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, University
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hawkins J, Cifuentes M, Pleshko NL, Ambia-Sobhan H, Shapses SA. Energy restriction is associated with lower bone mineral density of the tibia and femur in lean but not obese female rats. J Nutr 2010; 140:31-7. [PMID: 19923391 PMCID: PMC2793120 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy restriction decreases bone mineral density (BMD), and epidemiological studies suggest that the risk of weight loss-induced bone loss is greater in lean than in heavier individuals. Our goal in this study was to determine how bone density and geometry respond to energy restriction in mature obese rats compared with lean rats. At 6 mo of age, 36 diet-induced obese and lean female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to control (CTL; ad libitum; n = 18) and energy-restricted (EnR; 40% restriction; n = 18) diets. After 10 wk of dietary intervention, obese EnR rats lost more weight (-91 +/- 34 g) than lean EnR rats(-61 +/- 14 g) (P < 0.02), [corrected] whereas body weight did not change significantly in the 2 CTL groups (14 +/- 23 g). Only the lean EnR (and not obese EnR) rats showed lower BMD compared with CTL rats at the tibia, distal, and proximal femur and femoral neck, and trabecular bone volume (P < 0.05). Serum estradiol declined in lean EnR rats compared with baseline (P < 0.05) but not in the obese EnR rats. In addition, the final serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in obese than in lean EnR rats. Serum parathyroid hormone decreased (P < 0.05) from baseline to final in lean and obese CTL, but not EnR rats. These data support the hypothesis that energy restriction in lean rats compared with obese rats is more detrimental to bone, and it is possible that the greater decline in estrogen and lower levels of 25OHD contribute to this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaleah Hawkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Nancy L. Pleshko
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Hasina Ambia-Sobhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Sue A. Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Zhang LL, Li JY, Zhou XD, Cui FZ, Wei L. Chemical and crystallographic study of remineralized surface on initial carious enamel treated with Galla chinensis. SCANNING 2009; 31:236-245. [PMID: 20419755 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the morphologic, chemical and crystallographic characters of remineralized surface on initial carious enamel treated with Galla chinensis, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive analysis spectroscopy were used, and X-ray microdiffraction (microzone XRD) was used for the first time to analyze in situ the microzone crystallite of remineralized surface on carious enamel. Bovine sound enamel slabs were demineralized to produce initial carious lesion in vitro. Then, the lesions were exposed to a pH-cycling regime for 12 days of remineralization. Each daily cycle included 4x1 min applications with one of the three treatments: distilled and deionized water (DDW); 1 g/L NaF; 4 g/L G. chinensis extract (GCE). After the treatments, some rod-like deposits and many irregular prominences were found on GCE-treated enamel surface, and the intensities of Ca and P signals showed a tendency to increase; Ca:P ratio was significantly higher than that of DDW-treated enamel. X-ray microdiffraction showed hydroxyapatite was still the main component of GCE-treated enamel, and the crystallinity was increased, the crystal lattice changed gently with decreased lattice parameter a. These results indicated the potential of GCE in promoting the remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions, and supported the previous hypothesis about GCE mechanism. Combined with the anti-bacteria and demineralization inhibition properties of GCE, the natural G. chinensis may become one more promising agent for caries prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang LL, Li JY, Zhou XD, Cui FZ, Li W. Effects of Galla chinensis on the surface topography of initial enamel carious lesion: an atomic force microscopy study. SCANNING 2009; 31:195-203. [PMID: 20069531 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Galla chinensis on the surface topography of initial enamel carious lesion, atomic force microscope (AFM) was used, and it was a new AFM application in enamel de-/remineralization research. Bovine sound enamel slabs were demineralized to produce initial carious lesion in vitro. Then, the lesions were exposed to a pH-cycling regime for 12 days. Each daily cycle included 4x1 min applications with one of three treatments: negative control group: deionized water; positive control group: 1 g/L aqueous solutions of NaF; experimental group: 4 g/L aqueous solutions of G. chinensis extract (GCE). The surface topography and roughness were investigated on the enamel slabs before and after pH-cycling by AFM. 3D AFM images revealed the surface topographical changes of GCE-treated enamel. Significant difference existed before and after the pH-cycling among the groups. AFM offers a powerful tool for enamel de-/remineralization research. The surface roughness results provide the evidences to remineralization of carious lesion, and indicate the potential of G. chinensis in promoting the remineralization. G. chinensis may become one more promising agent for caries prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang L, Zou L, Li J, Hao Y, Xiao L, Zhou X, Li W. Effect of enamel organic matrix on the potential of
Galla chinensis
to promote the remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions
in vitro. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:034102. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/3/034102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
41
|
Cheng L, Li JY, Huang S, Zhou XD. Effect of
Galla chinensis
on enhancing remineralization of enamel crystals. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:034103. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/3/034103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological (i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
Collapse
|
43
|
Demadis KD, Anagnostou Z, Zhao H. Novel calcium carboxyphosphonate/polycarboxylate inorganic-organic hybrid materials from demineralization of calcitic biomineral surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:35-38. [PMID: 20355749 DOI: 10.1021/am800030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution of biologically important sparingly soluble salts, such as calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate, is possible by use of carboxyl- and carboxyl/phosphonate-bearing, anionic additives, citrate, malate, carboxyphosphonate, and butane tetracarboxylate. Calcium-containing dissolution products have been identified, characterized, and independently synthesized. These are polymeric materials composed of calcium and the additive as the ligand. Their full characterization was carried out by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and other techniques.
Collapse
|