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Brożek J, Poprawa I, Wegierek P, Stroiński A. Functional Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Peripheral Antennal Sensillar System of Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:528. [PMID: 39057261 PMCID: PMC11277130 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The antennae of the shield bug Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) were examined through scanning and transmission electron microscopy to reveal their general morphology, as well as the antennal sensilla's distribution, size, and ultrastructure of their dendrites and function. The antennae comprise five antennomeres (one scape, two pedicels, and two flagellomeres). Different lengths of chaetic mechanosensilla (Ch1-Ch4) exist on all antennomeres, and several highly sensitive campaniform sensilla are embedded in the exoskeleton and measure cuticular strain. One pair of peg sensilla, the typical proprioceptive, is only on the proximal edge of the first pedicel and directed to the distal edge of the scapus. The antennal flagellum possesses two subtypes of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, each with one type of coeloconic olfactory sensilla. The distinctive characteristics of G. italicum are also apparent in two subtypes of coeloconic sensilla embedded in different cavities on both antennomeres of the flagellum, probably with a thermo-hypersensitive function. All studied morphological types of the sensilla and their function were supported by ultrastructural elements. The long and thin trichoid sensilla type 2 (TrS2) with an olfactive function was the most abundant sensilla localized on both flagellomeres. The peripheral antennal sensilla system consists of six main types of sensilla divided into twelve subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Wegierek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Adam Stroiński
- Polish Academy of Science, Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
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Zha S, Wang Z, Li X, Chen Z, Wang J, Li H, Cai W, Tian L. Microstructural Adaptation for Prey Manipulation in the Millipede Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1299. [PMID: 37887009 PMCID: PMC10604205 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Species in Ectrichodiinae are known for their prey specialization on millipedes. However, knowledge of the morphological adaptations to this unique feeding habit was limited. In the current study, we examined the microstructures of the antennae, mouthparts, and legs of four millipede feeding ectrichodiines, Ectrychotes andreae (Thunberg, 1888), Haematoloecha limbata Miller, 1953, Labidocoris pectoralis (Stål, 1863), and Neozirta eidmanni (Taueber, 1930), and compared them with those of three species of tribelocephalines, a group closely related to Ectrichodiinae. On the antennae, we found four types of antennal sensilla. On the mouthparts, we recognized four types of labial sensilla. Sampled ectrichodiines have distinctly more and denser slightly transverse ridges on the external side of mandibles than tribelocephalines. E. andreae and H. limbata possess numerous small papillae fringed with densely arranged finger-print-like grains on the trochanter and femur; these probably facilitate the immobilization of prey. Overall, our study illustrates, at a microstructural level, the remarkable morphological adaption of prey manipulation in ectrichodiine, and has enhanced our understanding about stenophagy in the family Reduviidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zha
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
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Taszakowski A, Masłowski A, Daane KM, Brożek J. Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:617. [PMID: 36635483 PMCID: PMC9837090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed description of antennal sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and a comparison with L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) are presented. A novel approach that combines the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to detail micromorphological structures. A simplified classification system for sensilla that eliminates the subjective aspects of morphology, such as their shape, is proposed. Fourteen sensory organs have been classified into three main groups: (a) aporous sensilla with a flexible socket, (b) porous sensilla with a flexible socket and (c) porous sensilla with an inflexible socket. A large variety of sensory organs (nine types) with olfactory functions are described. The antennal sensory organs have been recognized as one of the factors responsible for the evolutionary success of Leptoglossus spp. and their status as important pests and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Taszakowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Adrian Masłowski
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kent M. Daane
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 USA
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Chakilam S, Brożek J, Chajec Ł, Poprawa I, Gaidys R. Ultra-Morphology and Mechanical Function of the Trichoideum Sensillum in Nabis rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha). INSECTS 2022; 13:799. [PMID: 36135500 PMCID: PMC9504417 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the morphological features of the antennal sensilla by using SEM and TEM. The construction of a 3D model of trichoideum sensillum using Amira software is presented in this paper. Five sensillum types, namely trichoideum, chaeticum, campaniformium, coeloconicum, and basiconicum, were recorded. This model exhibits the mechanosensillum components, including the embedded hair in a socket attached by the joint membrane and the dendrite connected to the hair base passing through the cuticle layers. TEM images present the dendrite way, micro-tubules inside the dendritic sheath, and terminal structure of the tubular dendrite body and so-called companion cells included in the receptor, e.g., tormogen and trichogen. The parameters noted for the external structure and ultrastructure of the mechano-receptor indicate that they are specific to a particular type of sensillum and would be useful in developing the model for a biosensor. Results show that bio-inspired sensors can be developed based on morphological and ultrastructural studies and to conduct mechanical studies on their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikanth Chakilam
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rimvydas Gaidys
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Guo J, Du Z, Cui G, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhou X. Ultrastructure Characteristics and Sexual Dimorphism of Antennal Sensilla in Tirathaba rufivena (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13090797. [PMID: 36135498 PMCID: PMC9502414 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tirathaba rufivena Walker, a major insect pest of Areca catechu L., has severely threatened areca nut cultivation in Hainan, China. To improve our understanding of the communication mechanism in host plant seeking and mate-finding for T. rufivena, we described and further characterized the external morphology and internal sensilla structures using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in this study. The antennal morphology was similar between males and females, and there was no significant difference in length between the two sexes. In total, nine sensilla types were identified: sensilla trichodea (Str), sensilla chaetica (Sch), sensilla basiconica (Sba), sensilla auricillica (Sau), sensilla coeloconica (Sco), sensilla styloconica (Sst), Böhm sensilla (Bs), uniporous peg sensilla (Ups) and sensilla squamiformia (Ssq). Sexual dimorphism mainly occurs in variation in the length of Sba, Sch, Sco1 and Bs, and the abundance of Sba, Sau1 and Sau2. The Sba had larger size and numbers on female antennae than that on males, suggesting that these sensilla might have important roles in locating host plants. Both Sau1 and Sau2 were significantly more abundant in females and were probably associated with the detection of mates and host plant for oviposition. These data were important for ongoing studies on host plant seeking and mate-finding behavior in T. rufivena and provided a theoretical foundation to further studies of semiochemical control for this pest.
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Stink Bug Communication and Signal Detection in a Plant Environment. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121058. [PMID: 34940147 PMCID: PMC8705670 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants influenced the evolution of plant-dwelling stink bugs' systems underlying communication with chemical and substrate-borne vibratory signals. Plant volatiles provides cues that increase attractiveness or interfere with the probability of finding a mate in the field. Mechanical properties of herbaceous hosts and associated plants alter the frequency, amplitude, and temporal characteristics of stink bug species and sex-specific vibratory signals. The specificity of pheromone odor tuning has evolved through highly specific odorant receptors located within the receptor membrane. The narrow-band low-frequency characteristics of the signals produced by abdomen vibration and the frequency tuning of the highly sensitive subgenual organ vibration receptors match with filtering properties of the plants enabling optimized communication. A range of less sensitive mechanoreceptors, tuned to lower vibration frequencies, detect signals produced by other mechanisms used at less species-specific levels of communication in a plant environment. Whereas the encoding of frequency-intensity and temporal parameters of stink bug vibratory signals is relatively well investigated at low levels of processing in the ventral nerve cord, processing of this information and its integration with other modalities at higher neuronal levels still needs research attention.
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Li X, Tian L, Li H, Cai W. Ultrastructural Variations of Antennae and Labia Are Associated with Feeding Habit Shifts in Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1161. [PMID: 34827154 PMCID: PMC8615146 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The family Pentatomidae (stink bugs) is one of the largest groups in Heteroptera, containing many important pests and natural enemies. They exhibit highly diversified feeding habits and related structural modifications, but the key morphological characteristics associated with feeding habit radiation remain unclear. In the current study, we address this question by analyzing morphological variations of feeding related organs. We compare the ultrastructures of antennae and mouthparts across the chosen 17 species in Pentatomidae, representing both plant feeders and predators from four subfamilies. A strong association between ultrastructural adaptation and feeding habit transition has been revealed. The long, sharp, and hook-like mandibular teeth and maxillary barbs are exclusively present in predatory Pentatomidae, suggesting their tight association with the shift of feeding habit from phytophagy to predation. Significant differences between phytophagous and predatory species are also found in antennal and labial sensilla types and arrangements, implying their important function in food selection. Our data identify a series of key morphological structures associated with feeding habit variations among stink bugs, which will facilitate future studies on adaptive evolution of feeding habits, utilization, and population control of economic species in Pentatomidae as well as in other heteropteran lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (L.T.); (H.L.)
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Zhao H, Liang C, Gao P, Xie YH, Wang ZJ, Wu GX, Tang GW, Cheng B, Gao X. Observation of the fine structure of antennal sensilla of the stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Micron 2021; 150:103143. [PMID: 34517293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the mechanism underlying chemosensation in Eocanthecona furcellata, the external morphology of its antennae and the type, quantity, distribution and ultrastructure of the sensilla were observed on both sexes of adults and 5th-instar nymphs using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the antennae of E. furcellata consisted of three parts: scape, pedicel and flagellum. There were five types of sensilla on the antennae, which included sensilla trichoidea (ST), sensilla chaetica (SCh), sensilla coeloconica (SCo), sensilla basiconica (SB) and squamifornia denticles (SD). Further, there were 4 subtypes of ST and SB and 2 subtypes of SCo and SCh. The number of sensilla on nymphs was significantly lower than that on adults. The antennae of adults showed sexual dimorphism, as the number of sensilla on female adults was higher than that on male adults. SB4 was found only on females and SCo2 was found only on males. These inter-sexual differences may be related to chemoreception of sex pheromone and chemical predation location. The morphology and putative functions of each sensilla were compared and discussed. These results provide a reference for further study of the behavioral biology, chemical ecology and electrophysiology of insects, and also provides a scientific basis for new ways of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ping Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yong-Hui Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Wang
- Kunming Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Guo-Xing Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guo-Wen Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xi Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Limberger GM, Brugnera R, Fonseca DBD. Antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of Ascia monuste (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Micron 2021; 142:103000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Brożek J, Dai W. Functional morphology and sexual dimorphism of antennae of the pear lace bug Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Tingidae). ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang Y, Brożek J, Dai W. Morphological Disparity of the Mouthparts in Polyphagous Species of Largidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha: Pyrrhocoroidea) Reveals Feeding Specialization. INSECTS 2020; 11:E145. [PMID: 32110911 PMCID: PMC7142569 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mouthpart structures were observed in four species of Largidae using scanning electron microscopy to investigate their morphological disparity, and linked to changes in feeding specialization. The examined species are pests that feed mainly on seeds and plant sap of forbs, shrubs, and trees. Their external mouthparts are described in detail for the first time herein. The cone-like labrum and four-segmented tube-like labium are shorter in Physopelta species than in Macrocheraia grandis (Grey). The labium surface in all studied species bears nine types of sensilla (St1-St2, Sb1-3, Sch, Sca1-2, Sm). The distributions of sensilla on particular labial segments varies among the studied species. The tripartite apex of the labium consists of two lateral lobes and an apical plate that is partly divided in Physopelta species, and not divided in Macrocheraia. Each lateral lobe possesses a sensillar field with 10 thick-walled uniporous sensilla basiconica, one multiporous sensillum styloconicum, and one long non-porous hair sensillum. Each mandibular stylet tip in M. grandis has a central tooth placed anteriorly and pairs of teeth arranged dorso-laterally. In Physopelta, there are one or two central teeth placed anteriorly but two pairs of teeth dorso-laterally. In all studied species, the inner surfaces of the mandibular stylets have scale-like projections. A left-right asymmetry of the maxillary stylets is noticeable; the external end of the right maxillary stylet is smooth and slightly tapered in M. grandis and evidently wider (spoon-like) in the three species of Physopelta, while the left end of the stylets is straight and narrow in M. grandis in contrast to Physopelta, in which the end is straight and wide. No differences in the internal structure of the maxillary stylets were observed among the studied species. Based on structural differences, we inferred that the mandibles and maxillae are more adapted for seed-sucking in Physopelta species than in M. grandis. M. grandis has the ends of the maxillae more narrowed, a trait more adapted for sucking sap from phloem or parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Piersanti S, Rebora M, Ederli L, Pasqualini S, Salerno G. Role of chemical cues in cabbage stink bug host plant selection. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 120:103994. [PMID: 31830466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage stink bugs of the genus Eurydema, encompassing several oligophagous species, such as Eurydema oleracea (L.), are known to be important pests of cabbage, broccoli, and other cole crops in Europe. Despite their economic importance, the knowledge regarding the role of chemical cues in host plant selection of these species is very limited. The present investigation on E. oleracea at the adult stage revealed the use of olfaction in host plant selection of this species and demonstrated with behavioural tests that E. oleracea preferred feeding on wild Eruca sativa, rather than on Brassica oleracea. Moreover, ultrastructural data revealed the antennal sensilla of E. oleracea, encompassing single walled and double walled olfactory sensilla, and electroantennographic recordings revealed their sensitivity to several host plant VOCs from E. sativa and B. oleracea. The data shown in the present research may be useful in the development of semiochemical-based strategies or trap crops for the control of this pest in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Manuela Rebora
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luisa Ederli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pasqualini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Italy
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Month-Juris E, Ravaiano SV, Lopes DM, Fernandes Salomão TM, Martins GF. Morphological assessment of the sensilla of the antennal flagellum in different castes of the stingless bee
Tetragonisca fiebrigi. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Month-Juris
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brasil
| | - S. Veiga Ravaiano
- Departamento de Entomologia Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brasil
| | - D. M. Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brasil
| | | | - G. F. Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brasil
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Zhu Q, Wu N, Brożek J, Dai W. Antennal Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism of Antennal Sensilla in Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:E56. [PMID: 30791453 PMCID: PMC6409566 DOI: 10.3390/insects10020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) is an important pest of rice and maize in South Asia and causes severe economic damage. To provide background information for chemical ecology studies, the fine morphology of antennae and the types and distribution of the sensilla on the male and female antennae of Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) are investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the antenna is filiform and composed of three segments: a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum. The female antennae are slightly shorter than the male antennae. In both sexes, four types and nine subtypes of sensilla were observed: sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2), sensilla campaniformia (SCa1, SCa2 and SCa3), sensilla coeloconica (SCo1, SCo2 and SCo3) and sensilla trichodea (ST). In addition, sensilla coeloconica (SCo1) are observed on the membrane of the top of the pedicel in Cercopidae for the first time. Sexual dimorphism mainly occurs in variation in the number of sensilla coeloconica (SCo2, SCo3) on the bulb-shaped portion of the flagellum and in the shape of sensilla basiconica (SB2). There are significantly more sensilla coeloconica in males than in females. The external structure and distribution of these sensilla are compared to those of other cercopids and possible functions of the antennal sensilla are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Wu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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刘 光. Ultrastructural Observations on Antennal Sensilla of Siphlonurus palaearcticus Larva. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.12677/ije.2019.81001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yang HY, Zheng LX, Zhang ZF, Zhang Y, Wu WJ. The structure and morphologic changes of antennae of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in different instars. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207551. [PMID: 30475842 PMCID: PMC6261047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae), including nymphs and adults, are one of the dominant predators and have a significant role in the biological control of leafhoppers and planthoppers in irrigated rice. In this study, we investigated the antennal morphology, structure and sensilla distribution of C. lividipennis in different instars using scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of both five different nymphal stages and adults were filiform in shape, which consisted of the scape, pedicel and flagellum with two flagellomeres. There were significant differences found in the types of antennal sensilla between nymphs and adults. The multiporous placodea sensilla (MPLA), basiconica sensilla II (BAS II), and sensory pits (SP) only occurred on the antennae of adult C. lividipennis of both sexes. Moreover, there was chaetica sensilla III (CHA III) only observed in males. Sixteen types of antennal sensilla were recorded altogether. They were microtrichia sensilla (MIC), three types of trichoidea sensilla (TRI I-III), three types of chaetica sensilla (CHA I-III), three types of basiconica sensilla (BAS I-III), two types of coeloconica sensilla (COE I and COE II), placodea sensilla (PLA), campaniform sensilla (CAM), MPLA, and SP. In the five different nymphal stages of C. lividipennis, the length of their antennae was significantly increased with the increase of the instar, as well as the number of the TRI II and TRI III. Moreover, sexual dimorphism usually occurred not only in the distribution (CHA III and SP) and the number of antennal sensilla (MIC, BAS II, TRI II, TRI III and MPLA), but also in the length of flagellum (F1 and F2). The possible functions of antennal sensilla are discussed. Those observations could contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system, and facilitate future studies on the antennal functions in C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Yang
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Agricultural Science Academy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Agricultural Science Academy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jian Wu
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Li Q, Wei C. Comparative morphology of antennae in Cicadoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera), with respect to functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jayaweera A, Barry KL. Male antenna morphology and its effect on scramble competition in false garden mantids. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:75. [PMID: 28836048 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Well-developed antennae are crucial for many insects, but especially for scramble competitors, who race to find their mates using female sex cues. In these systems, the ability of males to locate females quickly is thought to be under strong selection. A rarely tested assumption is that males with more sensory structures are able to locate females faster. In the present study, we used the false garden mantid Pseudomantis albofimbriata to investigate male antennal morphology and its effect on male efficiency in finding a mate. We used scanning electron microscopy to describe the major sensilla types and their arrangement along the length of male antennae. We also conducted field enclosure trials relating male antennal morphology to scramble competition in this system. We identified six different types of antennal sensilla (cheatic, trichoid, basiconic, grooved peg, ceolocapitular and campaniform) on male P. albofimbriata antennae. As expected, males who had more trichoid sensilla located females quicker than did males with fewer sensilla. Results of the current study suggest that antenna morphology plays a significant role in mate location and hence scramble competition in the P. albofimbriata mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradhi Jayaweera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Katherine L Barry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Nowińska A, Brożek J. Morphological study of the antennal sensilla in Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017; 136:327-347. [PMID: 28883684 PMCID: PMC5563518 DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The external morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of 21 species from five families of semiaquatic bugs (Gerromorpha) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Nine main types were distinguished based on their morphological structure: sensilla trichoidea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla leaflike, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla ampullacea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla placoidea and sensilla bell-mouthed. The specific morphological structure of one type of sensilla (bell-mouthed sensilla) was observed only in Aquarius paludum. Several subtypes of sensilla are described, differentiated by number, location and type of sensillum characteristic for each examined taxon. The present study provides new data about the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla in Gerromorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nowińska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - J. Brożek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Kim J, Park KC, Roh HS, Kim J, Oh HW, Kim JA, Park CG. Morphology and Distribution of Antennal Sensilla of the Bean Bug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae). Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:501-11. [PMID: 27087138 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris is a major pest of bean pods and some tree fruits in north-east Asian countries. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to investigate the morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of R. pedestris to help in understanding the sensory mechanisms of the bug. Average antennal lengths of male and female R. pedestris were 11.00 mm and 9.84 mm, respectively, consisting of four distinct segments, scape, pedicel, basiflagellum, and distiflagellum. Based on the gross appearance, the antennal sensilla were classified into four major types (trichodea, basiconica, chaetica, and coeloconica), which could be further classified into four trichoid, three basiconic, four chaotic, and two coeloconic subtypes, based on their size, tip shape, presence of socket, and surface structure. Among them, two subtypes of trichoid sensilla, all three subtypes of basiconic sensilla, four subtypes of chaetic sensilla and two subtypes of coeloconic sensilla had numerous pores along the surface, suggesting their olfactory function. Nine subtypes (2 trichoid, 1 basiconic, 4 chaetic, and 2 coeloconic subtypes) showed a distinct socket structure at the base. Among the four antennal segments, the distiflagellum possessed highest number of sensilla. Trichoid sensilla were most abundant, followed by basiconic, chaetic, and coeloconic sensilla. Each subtype of sensilla exhibited distinct distribution profile along the four antennal segments. Two subtypes of trichoid sensilla, one subtype of basiconic sensilla and one subtype of chaetica sensilla were distributed on scape, pedicel, and basiflagellum, whereas distribution of other subtypes of sensilla was confined to basiflagellum and distiflagellum. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:501-511, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Kim
- Southern Forest Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Chung Park
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hyun Sik Roh
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK 21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junheon Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK 21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Gyoo Park
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK 21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Ahmad A, Parveen S, Brożek J, Dey D. Antennal sensilla of phytophagous and predatory pentatomids (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): a comparative study of four genera. ZOOL ANZ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Farias LR, Paula DP, Zhou JJ, Liu R, Pappas GJ, Moraes MCB, Laumann RA, Borges M, Birkett MA, Pickett JA, Field LM, Báo SN. Identification and Expression Profile of Two Putative Odorant-Binding Proteins from the Neotropical Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:106-14. [PMID: 27193516 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-013-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the first identification of putative odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) from a member of the Pentatomidae, i.e. the brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Fabricius), an important pest of soybean in Brazil. Antennae from both sexes of E. heros adults (12 days old and unmated) were used to construct a cDNA library, from which two transcripts encoding putative E. heros OBPs (EherOBPs) were identified. The expression levels of EherOBP1 and EherOBP2 were found to be higher in male antennae than in female and there was difference in expression in legs, wings, and abdomens of the two sexes. The histolocalization of EherOBP1 and EherOBP2 transcripts in antennae also showed a sexual dimorphism in the chemoreception system, with different expression sites in the antennal segments between males and females, occurring predominantly at the base of the sensillum. The implications of these findings for stink bug chemoreception are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Farias
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - D P Paula
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - J J Zhou
- Dept of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - R Liu
- Dept of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - G J Pappas
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - M C B Moraes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - R A Laumann
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - M Borges
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - M A Birkett
- Dept of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - J A Pickett
- Dept of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - L M Field
- Dept of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - S N Báo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Ahmad A, Sharma K, Ramamurthy V. First-instar nymphal morphology and antennal sensilla in the Kerria lacca (Kerr, 1782) and Paratachardina mahdihassani (Kondo and Gullan, 2007) (Hemiptera: Tachardiidae). ZOOL ANZ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Euzébio DE, Martins GF, Fernandes-Salomão TM. Morphological and morphometric studies of the antennal sensilla from two populations of Atta robusta (Borgmeier 1939) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2013; 73:663-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842013000300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ant Atta robusta is endemic to the “restinga” ecosystems where it has an important role in the dynamics of seed dispersal. Despite its importance, A. robusta is considered a threatened species. In this study we analyzed the antennal sensory organs of two different populations of A. robusta (from the cities of São Mateus and Maricá in in Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro States, respectively) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM revealed different types of sensilla in the A. robusta antennae, i.e., curved and straight trichoid, basiconic, ampullacea and coeloconic, which were highly abundant found in the distal flagellomeres (F) compared with other antenna regions. There were differences in samples collected from two locations in terms of the sensilla number and length. The average numbers of straight and curved trichoid sensillae numbers were different in F9 and F8, respectively, while the average length of the curved trichoid sensilla was only different in F9. These variations in sensory organs between two populations of A. robusta may indicate an adaptation of this species to different environmental conditions. The number of straight trichoid sensilla was only significantly different in F9.
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Zhang M, Chen YO, Pape T, Zhang D. Review of the genus Agria (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from China. Zookeys 2013:41-55. [PMID: 23805049 PMCID: PMC3690962 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.310.5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agria mihalyii (Rohdendorf and Verves, 1978) is recorded from China for the first time, and both sexes are thoroughly documented using a combination of illustrations, photographs and scanning electron microscopy images. The generic affiliation is corroborated from an expanded definition of genus Agria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and a key to males of the two known species from China is provided. The distribution of coeloconic sensilla on the male pre- and postgonite are shown to possess significant diagnostic and phylogenetic information in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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