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Samadi‐Noshahr Z, Hadjzadeh M, Moradi‐Marjaneh R, Khajavi‐Rad A. The hepatoprotective effects of fennel seeds extract and trans-Anethole in streptozotocin-induced liver injury in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1121-1131. [PMID: 33598196 PMCID: PMC7866591 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of fennel have been recorded in numerous investigations. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of fennel or its active component trans-Anethole (TA) on streptozotocin-induced liver injury in rats. Rats were injected with a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg) and treated with fennel (200 and 400 mg/kg), TA (80 mg/kg), or metformin (300 mg/kg) for 35 days. Serum lipid profile and liver enzyme activity (aminotransferases), oxidative stress markers, and the degree of fibrosis in the liver tissue were assessed. Both fennel and TA decreased blood glucose levels, reduced liver enzyme activity, food, and water intake, and intensity of weight loss, reduced serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Additionally, fennel and TA significantly reduced MDA concentration while increased CAT activity and thiol content and reduced the degree of injury and fibrosis in the liver of diabetic rats. Our results suggest that fennel seed extract and its active compound TA are able to protect the liver against diabetes-induced hepatic injury in rats, probably via hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi‐Noshahr
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mousa‐Al‐Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Abolfazl Khajavi‐Rad
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Starinets VS, Lebedeva EV, Mikheeva IB, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV, Belosludtsev KN. Ultrastructural and Functional Changes in Liver Mitochondria in a Rat Model of Type I Diabetes Mellitus. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019; 64:755-760. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350919050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
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Kuga GK, Gaspar RC, Muñoz VR, Nakandakari SCBR, Breda L, Sandoval BM, Caetano FH, Leme JACDA, Pauli JR, Gomes RJ. Physical training reverses changes in hepatic mitochondrial diameter of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2018; 16:eAO4353. [PMID: 30088548 PMCID: PMC6110382 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of physical training on metabolic and morphological parameters of diabetic rats. METHODS Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary diabetic and trained diabetic. Diabetes mellitus was induced by Alloxan (35mg/kg) administration for sedentary diabetic and Trained Diabetic Groups. The exercise protocol consisted of swimming with a load of 2.5% of body weight for 60 minutes per day (5 days per week) for the trained control and Trained Diabetic Groups, during 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for determinations of serum glucose, insulin, albumin and total protein. Liver samples were extracted for measurements of glycogen, protein, DNA and mitochondrial diameter determination. RESULTS The sedentary diabetic animals presented decreased body weight, blood insulin, and hepatic glycogen, as well as increased glycemia and mitochondrial diameter. The physical training protocol in diabetic animals was efficient to recovery body weight and liver glycogen, and to decrease the hepatic mitochondrial diameter. CONCLUSION Physical training ameliorated hepatic metabolism and promoted important morphologic adaptations as mitochondrial diameter in liver of the diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Keine Kuga
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
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Bilal HM, Riaz F, Munir K, Saqib A, Sarwar MR. Histological changes in the liver of diabetic rats: A review of pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus. COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2016.1275415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Munir
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Anum Saqib
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rehan Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Lucchesi AN, Cassettari LL, Spadella CT. Alloxan-induced diabetes causes morphological and ultrastructural changes in rat liver that resemble the natural history of chronic fatty liver disease in humans. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:494578. [PMID: 25789328 PMCID: PMC4350960 DOI: 10.1155/2015/494578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the long-term effects of alloxan-induced diabetes in rat liver. METHODS Thirty nondiabetic control rats (NC) and 30 untreated diabetic (UD) rats were divided into three subgroups sacrificed after 6, 14, or 26 weeks. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. Fresh liver weight and its relationship with body weight were obtained, and liver tissue was analyzed. RESULTS UD rats showed sustained hyperglycemia, high glycosylated hemoglobin, and low plasma insulin. High serum levels of AST and ALT were observed in UD rats after 2 weeks, but only ALT remained elevated throughout the experiment. Fresh liver weight was equal between NC and UD rats, but the fresh liver weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in UD rats after 14 and 26 weeks. UD rats showed liver morphological changes characterized by hepatic sinusoidal enlargement and micro- and macrovesicular hepatocyte fatty degeneration with progressive liver structure loss, steatohepatitis, and periportal fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes, such as a decrease in the number of intracytoplasmic organelles and degeneration of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei, were also observed. CONCLUSION Alloxan-induced diabetes triggered liver morphological and ultrastructural changes that closely resembled human disease, ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Natália Lucchesi
- Graduate Program in General Basis of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - César Tadeu Spadella
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- *César Tadeu Spadella:
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Lima FD, Stamm DN, Della-Pace ID, Dobrachinski F, de Carvalho NR, Royes LFF, Soares FA, Rocha JB, González-Gallego J, Bresciani G. Swimming training induces liver mitochondrial adaptations to oxidative stress in rats submitted to repeated exhaustive swimming bouts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55668. [PMID: 23405192 PMCID: PMC3565999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although acute exhaustive exercise is known to increase liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aerobic training has shown to improve the antioxidant status in the liver, little is known about mitochondria adaptations to aerobic training. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the aerobic training on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense in liver mitochondria both after training and in response to three repeated exhaustive swimming bouts. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into training (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups. Training group performed a 6-week swimming training protocol. Subsets of training (n = 7) and control (n = 7) rats performed 3 repeated exhaustive swimming bouts with 72 h rest in between. Oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant activity, and mitochondria functionality were assessed. RESULTS Trained group showed increased reduced glutathione (GSH) content and reduced/oxidized (GSH/GSSG) ratio, higher superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, and decreased lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria. Aerobic training protected against exhaustive swimming ROS production herein characterized by decreased oxidative stress markers, higher antioxidant defenses, and increases in methyl-tetrazolium reduction and membrane potential. Trained group also presented higher time to exhaustion compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Swimming training induced positive adaptations in liver mitochondria of rats. Increased antioxidant defense after training coped well with exercise-produced ROS and liver mitochondria were less affected by exhaustive exercise. Therefore, liver mitochondria also adapt to exercise-induced ROS and may play an important role in exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico D. Lima
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel N. Stamm
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iuri D. Della-Pace
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nélson R. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando F. Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Félix A. Soares
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João B. Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Remedio RN, Barbosa RA, Castellar A, Gomes RJ, Caetano FH. Ultrastructural alterations in colon absorptive cells of alloxan-induced diabetic rats submitted to long-term physical training. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1305-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Remedio RN, Castellar A, Barbosa RA, Gomes RJ, Caetano FH. Morphological analysis of colon goblet cells and submucosa in type I diabetic rats submitted to physical training. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:821-8. [PMID: 22213277 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colon layers, especially the submucosa, as well as the secretion of goblet cells are extremely important for the functioning and transit of substances in this organ. However, the damages arising from type I diabetes and the effects of physical training, which plays crucial role in the treatment of this disease, are not yet known in these regions. To analyze the changes in colon submucosa and goblet cells of diabetic rats, as well as the effects of physical training, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary diabetic (SD), and trained diabetic (TD). The training protocol consisted of swimming for 60 min a day, 5 days per week, during 8 weeks. Colon samples were collected, processed, and evaluated by histochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Goblet and submucosa cells did not show alterations in shape, size, protein and carbohydrate content, in all treatment groups. Decreased amount of collagen fibers, however, was observed in the submucosa and lamina propria of SD rats, but this alteration was recovered in TDs. The ultrastructural analysis, in turn, revealed greater quantity of Golgi apparatus cisterns in SDs, distinctly than TDs, which showed improvement in this diabetic condition. Thus, physical training was responsible for the recovery of some important diabetic alterations, possibly improving the motility of substances in the large intestine. Nevertheless, it cannot be considered alone in the treatment of this disease, requiring the combined practice of other methods.
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Remedio R, Barbosa R, Castellar A, Gomes R, Caetano F. Histochemical and ultrastructural analysis of hepatic glycogen and collagen fibers in alloxan-induced diabetic rats submitted to long-term physical training. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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