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Karaca I, Aldemir Dikici B. Quantitative Evaluation of the Pore and Window Sizes of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds on Scanning Electron Microscope Images Using Deep Learning. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24695-24706. [PMID: 38882138 PMCID: PMC11170757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The morphological characteristics of tissue engineering scaffolds, such as pore and window diameters, are crucial, as they directly impact cell-material interactions, attachment, spreading, infiltration of the cells, degradation rate and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most commonly used techniques for characterizing the microarchitecture of tissue engineering scaffolds due to its advantages, such as being easily accessible and having a short examination time. However, SEM images provide qualitative data that need to be manually measured using software such as ImageJ to quantify the morphological features of the scaffolds. As it is not practical to measure each pore/window in the SEM images as it requires extensive time and effort, only the number of pores/windows is measured and assumed to represent the whole sample, which may cause user bias. Additionally, depending on the number of samples and groups, a study may require measuring thousands of samples and the human error rate may increase. To overcome such problems, in this study, a deep learning model (Pore D2) was developed to quantify the morphological features (such as the pore size and window size) of the open-porous scaffolds automatically for the first time. The developed algorithm was tested on emulsion-templated scaffolds fabricated under different fabrication conditions, such as changing mixing speed, temperature, and surfactant concentration, which resulted in scaffolds with various morphologies. Along with the developed model, blind manual measurements were taken, and the results showed that the developed tool is capable of quantifying pore and window sizes with a high accuracy. Quantifying the morphological features of scaffolds fabricated under different circumstances and controlling these features enable us to engineer tissue engineering scaffolds precisely for specific applications. Pore D2, an open-source software, is available for everyone at the following link: https://github.com/ilaydakaraca/PoreD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Karaca
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35433, Turkey
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35433, Turkey
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2
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Kumar A, Bhasin M, Chitkara M. Morphological analysis and grain size distribution of SnO 2 nanoparticles via digital image processing across diverse calcination temperatures. J Microsc 2023; 292:123-134. [PMID: 37888747 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive image analysis of the SnO2 nanoparticles synthesised through calcination at diverse temperatures, which enables an estimation of grain size distribution (GSD) from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. Even though FE-SEM images could provide us with a lot of information about sample differences, we can learn more and perform a more accurate analysis of them by using quantitative data obtained by our image processing application. The digital image processing techniques used in this research provide a detailed analysis of the nanoparticles' size and shape, enabling a deeper understanding of their unique characteristics. The results reveal the significant impact of calcination temperature on the morphology of the nanoparticles, with changes in grain size and grain size distribution observed at varying temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Kumar
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manan Bhasin
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Chitkara
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Rodimova S, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Kaplin V, Epifanov E, Minaev N, Bardakova K, Solovieva A, Timashev P, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. FLIM imaging revealed spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on gradient pore size tissue-engineered constructs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:81. [PMID: 37046354 PMCID: PMC10091689 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent clinical need for targeted strategies aimed at the treatment of bone defects resulting from fractures, infections or tumors. 3D scaffolds represent an alternative to allogeneic MSC transplantation, due to their mimicry of the cell niche and the preservation of tissue structure. The actual structure of the scaffold itself can affect both effective cell adhesion and its osteoinductive properties. Currently, the effects of the structural heterogeneity of scaffolds on the behavior of cells and tissues at the site of damage have not been extensively studied. METHODS Both homogeneous and heterogeneous scaffolds were generated from poly(L-lactic acid) methacrylated in supercritical carbon dioxide medium and were fabricated by two-photon polymerization. The homogeneous scaffolds consist of three layers of cylinders of the same diameter, whereas the heterogeneous (gradient pore sizes) scaffolds contain the middle layer of cylinders of increased diameter, imitating the native structure of spongy bone. To evaluate the osteoinductive properties of both types of scaffold, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. Multiphoton microscopy with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was used for determining the metabolic states of MSCs, as a sensitive marker of cell differentiation. The results obtained from this approach were verified using standard markers of osteogenic differentiation and based on data from morphological analysis. RESULTS The heterogeneous scaffolds showed improved osteoinductive properties, accelerated the metabolic rearrangements associated with osteogenic differentiation, and enhanced the efficiency of bone tissue recovery, thereby providing for both the development of appropriate morphology and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS The authors suggest that the heterogeneous tissue constructs are a promising tool for the restoration of bone defects. And, furthermore, that our results demonstrate that the use of label-free bioimaging methods can be considered as an effective approach for intravital assessment of the efficiency of differentiation of MSCs on scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022.
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000.
| | - Artem Mozherov
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Ilya Shchechkin
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Dmitry Kozlov
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Dmitry Krylov
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Alena Gavrina
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Vladislav Kaplin
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Evgenii Epifanov
- Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Institute of Photonic Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Pionerskaya St, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia, 108840
| | - Nikita Minaev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ksenia Bardakova
- Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Institute of Photonic Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Pionerskaya St, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia, 108840
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Anna Solovieva
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
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Flores-Jiménez MS, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Fuentes-Aguilar RQ. Review on Porous Scaffolds Generation Process: A Tissue Engineering Approach. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1-23. [PMID: 36599046 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds have been widely explored for tissue regeneration and engineering in vitro three-dimensional models. In this review, a comprehensive literature analysis is conducted to identify the steps involved in their generation. The advantages and disadvantages of the available techniques are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering pore geometrical parameters such as curvature and size, and summarizing the requirements to generate the porous scaffold according to the desired application. This paper considers the available design tools, mathematical models, materials, fabrication techniques, cell seeding methodologies, assessment methods, and the status of pore scaffolds in clinical applications. This review compiles the relevant research in the field in the past years. The trends, challenges, and future research directions are discussed in the search for the generation of a porous scaffold with improved mechanical and biological properties that can be reproducible, viable for long-term studies, and closer to being used in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Flores-Jiménez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Gonzalez
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Rita Q Fuentes-Aguilar
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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Jenkins D, Salhadar K, Ashby G, Mishra A, Cheshire J, Beltran F, Grunlan M, Andrieux S, Stubenrauch C, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. PoreScript: Semi-automated pore size algorithm for scaffold characterization. Bioact Mater 2022; 13:1-8. [PMID: 35224287 PMCID: PMC8843970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold pore size influences many critical physical aspects of tissue engineering, including tissue infiltration, biodegradation rate, and mechanical properties. Manual measurements of pore sizes from scanning electron micrographs using ImageJ/FIJI are commonly used to characterize scaffolds, but these methods are both time-consuming and subject to user bias. Current semi-automated analysis tools are limited by a lack of accessibility or limited sample size in their verification process. The work here describes the development of a new MATLAB algorithm, PoreScript, to address these limitations. The algorithm was verified using three common scaffold fabrication methods (e.g., salt leaching, gas foaming, emulsion templating) with varying pore sizes and shapes to demonstrate the versatility of this new tool. Our results demonstrate that the pore size characterization using PoreScript is comparable to manual pore size measurements. The PoreScript algorithm was further evaluated to determine the effect of user-input and image parameters (relative image magnification, pixel intensity threshold, and pore structure). Overall, this work validates the accuracy of the PoreScript algorithm across several fabrication methods and provides user-guidance for semi-automated image analysis and increased throughput of scaffold characterization. PoreScript is a semi-automated MATLAB algorithm to rapidly and accurately characterize scaffold pore size distribution. PoreScript was validated with multiple polymeric scaffolds of different fabrication methods and pore architectures. Guidance of key input variables provides users with a tool for rapid characterization to accelerate scaffold development.
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Scaffaro R, Maio A, D'Arrigo M, Lopresti F, Marino A, Bruno M, Nostro A. Flexible mats as promising antimicrobial systems via integration of Thymus capitatus (L.) essential oil into PLA. Future Microbiol 2021; 15:1379-1392. [PMID: 33085542 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop electrospun mats loaded with Thymus capitatus (L.) essential oil (ThymEO) and to study their morpho-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Materials & methods: Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) mats containing ThymEO were prepared by electrospinning. The effect of ThymEO on the morpho-mechanical properties of fibers was assayed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamometer measurements. The antimicrobial activity of ThymEO delivered either in liquid or vapor phase was assessed through killing curves and invert Petri dishes method. The cytotoxicity was also investigated. Results: The mechanical properties were enhanced by integrating ThymEO into PLA. Both liquid and vapors of ThymEO released from mats caused reductions of microbial viable cells. Negligible cytotoxicity was demonstrated. Conclusion: PLA/ThymEO delivery systems could be suitable for treating microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Andrea Maio
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, 98168, Italy
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Yang S, Wang C, Zhu J, Lu C, Li H, Chen F, Lu J, Zhang Z, Yan X, Zhao H, Sun X, Zhao L, Liang J, Wang Y, Peng J, Wang X. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels functionalized with LN- and BDNF- mimicking epitopes synergistically enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Theranostics 2020; 10:8227-8249. [PMID: 32724468 PMCID: PMC7381722 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system is closely related to the role that Schwann cells (SCs) play in construction of the basement membrane containing multiple extracellular matrix proteins and secretion of neurotrophic factors, including laminin (LN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we developed a self-assembling peptide (SAP) nanofiber hydrogel based on self-assembling backbone Ac-(RADA)4-NH2 (RAD) dual-functionalized with laminin-derived motif IKVAV (IKV) and a BDNF-mimetic peptide epitope RGIDKRHWNSQ (RGI) for peripheral nerve regeneration, with the hydrogel providing a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for SCs and neurites. Methods: Circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the secondary structures, microscopic structures, and morphologies of self-assembling nanofiber hydrogels. Then the SC adhesion, myelination and neurotrophin secretion were evaluated on the hydrogels. Finally, the SAP hydrogels were injected into hollow chitosan tubes to bridge a 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats, and in vivo gene expression at 1 week, axonal regeneration, target muscular re-innervation, and functional recovery at 12 weeks were assessed. Results: The bioactive peptide motifs were covalently linked to the C-terminal of the self-assembling peptide and the functionalized peptides could form well-defined nanofibrous hydrogels capable of providing a 3D microenvironment similar to native extracellular matrix. SCs displayed improved cell adhesion on hydrogels with both IKV and RGI, accompanied by increased cell spreading and elongation relative to other groups. RSCs cultured on hydrogels with IKV and RGI showed enhanced gene expression of NGF, BDNF, CNTF, PMP22 and NRP2, and decreased gene expression of NCAM compared with those cultured on other three groups after a 7-day incubation. Additionally, the secretion of NGF, BDNF, and CNTF of RSCs was significantly improved on dual-functionalized peptide hydrogels after 3 days. At 1 week after implantation, the expressions of neurotrophin and myelin-related genes in the nerve grafts in SAP and Autograft groups were higher than that in Hollow group, and the expression of S100 in groups containing both IKV and RGI was significantly higher than that in groups containing either IKV or RGI hydrogels, suggesting enhanced SC proliferation. The morphometric parameters of the regenerated nerves, their electrophysiological performance, the innervated muscle weight and remodeling of muscle fibers, and motor function showed that RAD/IKV/RGI and RAD/IKV-GG-RGI hydrogels could markedly improve axonal regeneration with enhanced re-myelination and motor functional recovery through the synergetic effect of IKV and RGI functional motifs. Conclusions: We found that the dual-functionalized SAP hydrogels promoted RSC adhesion, myelination, and neurotrophin secretion in vitro and successfully bridged a 10-mm gap representing a sciatic nerve defect in rats in vivo. The results demonstrated the synergistic effect of IKVAV and RGI on axonal regrowth and function recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Changfeng Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Fuyu Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Catania V, Lopresti F, Cappello S, Scaffaro R, Quatrini P. Innovative, ecofriendly biosorbent-biodegrading biofilms for bioremediation of oil- contaminated water. N Biotechnol 2020; 58:25-31. [PMID: 32485241 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of microorganisms capable of degrading specific contaminants significantly promotes bioremediation processes. In this study, innovative and ecofriendly biosorbent-biodegrading biofilms have been developed in order to remediate oil-contaminated water. This was achieved by immobilizing hydrocarbon-degrading gammaproteobacteria and actinobacteria on biodegradable oil-adsorbing carriers, based on polylactic acid and polycaprolactone electrospun membranes. High capacities for adhesion and proliferation of bacterial cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The bioremediation efficiency of the systems, tested on crude oil and quantified by gas chromatography, showed that immobilization increased hydrocarbon biodegradation by up to 23 % compared with free living bacteria. The resulting biosorbent biodegrading biofilms simultaneously adsorbed 100 % of spilled oil and biodegraded more than 66 % over 10 days, with limited environmental dispersion of cells. Biofilm-mediated bioremediation, using eco-friendly supports, is a low-cost, low-impact, versatile tool for bioremediation of aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Catania
- Dept. of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, blg. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Dept. of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, blg. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR) of Messina, Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Scaffaro
- Dept. of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, blg. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Quatrini
- Dept. of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, blg. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Abbasi N, Ivanovski S, Gulati K, Love RM, Hamlet S. Role of offset and gradient architectures of 3-D melt electrowritten scaffold on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Biomater Res 2020; 24:2. [PMID: 31911842 PMCID: PMC6942301 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-019-0180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-scaffold based therapies have the potential to offer an efficient osseous regenerative treatment and PCL has been commonly used as a scaffold, however its effectiveness is limited by poor cellular retention properties. This may be improved through a porous scaffold structure with efficient pore arrangement to increase cell entrapment. To facilitate this, melt electrowriting (MEW) has been developed as a technique able to fabricate cell-supporting scaffolds with precise micro pore sizes via predictable fibre deposition. The effect of the scaffold's architecture on cellular gene expression however has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The design and fabrication of three different uniform pore structures (250, 500 and 750 μm), as well as two offset scaffolds with different layout of fibres (30 and 50%) and one complex scaffold with three gradient pore sizes of 250-500 - 750 μm, was performed by using MEW. Calcium phosphate modification was applied to enhance the PCL scaffold hydrophilicity and bone inductivity prior to seeding with osteoblasts which were then maintained in culture for up to 30 days. Over this time, osteoblast cell morphology, matrix mineralisation, osteogenic gene expression and collagen production were assessed. RESULTS The in vitro findings revealed that the gradient scaffold significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the attached osteoblasts while matrix mineralization was higher in the 50% offset scaffolds. The expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin genes were also upregulated compared to other osteogenic genes following 30 days culture, particularly in offset and gradient scaffold structures. Immunostaining showed significant expression of osteocalcin in offset and gradient scaffold structures. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the heterogenous pore sizes in gradient and fibre offset PCL scaffolds prepared using MEW significantly improved the osteogenic potential of osteoblasts and hence may provide superior outcomes in bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Abbasi
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston Campus, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Karan Gulati
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston Campus, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Robert M. Love
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
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10
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Forsberg V, Mašlík J, Norgren M. Electronic performance of printed PEDOT:PSS lines correlated to the physical and chemical properties of coated inkjet papers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23925-23938. [PMID: 35530632 PMCID: PMC9069492 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PEDOT:PSS organic printed electronics chemical interactions with the ink-receiving layer (IRL) of monopolar inkjet paper substrates and coating color composition were evaluated through Raman spectroscopy mapping in Z (depth) and (XY) direction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Other evaluated properties of the IRLs were pore size distribution (PSD), surface roughness, ink de-wetting, surface energy and the impact of such characteristics on the electronics performance of the printed layers. Resin-coated inkjet papers were compared to a multilayer coated paper substrate that also contained an IRL but did not contain the plastic polyethylene (PE) resin layer. This substrate showed better electronic performance (i.e., lower sheet resistance), which we attributed to the inert coating composition, higher surface roughness and higher polarity of the surface which influenced the de-wetting of the ink. The novelty is that this substrate was rougher and with somewhat lower printing quality but with better electronic performance and the advantage of not having PE in their composite structure, which favors recycling. PEDOT:PSS ink chemical interactions with the coated surface of inkjet papers and their composition were evaluated through Raman, FTIR and EDS. Morphology of the pores and surface energy were also evaluated and how these impact sheet resistance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Forsberg
- Mid Sweden University, FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering Holmgatan 10 SE-851 70 Sundsvall Sweden .,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites Division Teknikringen 56 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden .,Wallenberg Wood Science Centre Teknikringen 56 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jan Mašlík
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Centre of Polymer Systems Trida Tomase Bati 5678 CZ-760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Magnus Norgren
- Mid Sweden University, FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering Holmgatan 10 SE-851 70 Sundsvall Sweden
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11
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Firouzian KF, Zhang T, Zhang H, Song Y, Su X, Lin F. An Image-Guided Intrascaffold Cell Assembly Technique for Accurate Printing of Heterogeneous Tissue Constructs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3499-3510. [PMID: 33405733 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, creating thick and heterogeneous scaffold-based tissue constructs requires deep and precise multicellular deposition. Traditional cell seeding strategies lack the ability to create multicellular tissue constructs with high cell penetration and distribution, while emerging strategies aim to simultaneously combine cell-laden tissue segments with scaffold fabrication. Here we describe a technique that allows for three-dimensional (3D) intrascaffold cell assembly in which scaffolds are prefabricated and pretreated, followed by accurate cell distribution within the scaffold using an image-guided technique. This two-step process yields less limitation in scaffold material choice as well as additional treatments, provides accurate cell distribution, and has less potential to harm cells. The image processing technique captures a 2D geometric image of the scaffold, followed by a series of processes, mainly including grayscale transformation, threshold segmentation, and boundary extraction, to ultimately locate scaffold macropore centroids. Coupled with camera calibration data, accurate 3D cell assembly pathway plans can be made. Intrascaffold assembly parameter optimization and complex intrascaffold gradient, multidirectional, and vascular structure assembly were studied. Demonstration was also made with path planning and cell assembly experiments using NIH3T3-cell-laden hydrogels and collagen-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds. Experiments with CellTracker fluorescent monitoring, live/dead staining, and phalloidin-F-actin/DAPI immunostaining and comparison with two control groups (bioink manual injection and cell suspension static surface pipetting) showed accurate cell distribution and positioning and high cell viability (>93%). The PrestoBlue assay showed obvious cell proliferation over seven culture days in vitro. This technique provides an accurate method to aid simple and complex cell colonization with variant depth within 3D-scaffold-based constructs using multiple cells. The modular method can be used with any existing printing platform and shows potential in facilitating direct spatial organization and hierarchal 3D assembly of multiple cells and/or drugs within scaffolds for further tissue engineering studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F Firouzian
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Song
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaolei Su
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Arzate-Vázquez I, Méndez-Méndez JV, Flores-Johnson EA, Nicolás-Bermúdez J, Chanona-Pérez JJ, Santiago-Cortés E. Study of the porosity of calcified chicken eggshell using atomic force microscopy and image processing. Micron 2018; 118:50-57. [PMID: 30590254 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the porosity of the layers of calcified chicken eggshell (vertical crystal layer VCL, palisade layer PL and mammillary layer ML) was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and image processing (IP). AFM topographic images were obtained from different locations for each layer and along the cross-section of calcified eggshell. Roughness parameters, surface area values, pore size and shape, surface porosity, area occupied by pores and pore density were obtained from AFM and IP. It was observed that the thickest layer (PL) exhibited the highest degree of porosity (surface porosity = 2.75 ± 1.68%, pore density = 162 ± 60 pores/μm2) when compared to the other two layers. In general, the pores located in all layers ("bubble pores") had circular shape and similar sizes. Measurements revealed a porosity gradient along the cross-section which varied with position, i.e., increasing surface porosity from the VCL towards the region of the PL closer to the ML, and decreasing surface porosity from this location towards the ML innermost surface. This suggests that the calcified eggshell has a sandwich-like structure where porosity may influence gas exchange and mechanical properties. The combination of AFM with IP presented here provides a simple and precise method to study porosity in calcified chicken eggshell, and this methodology could be used to examine other types of porous biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arzate-Vázquez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Zacatenco, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J V Méndez-Méndez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Zacatenco, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - E A Flores-Johnson
- CONACYT - Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J Nicolás-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq., Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J J Chanona-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq., Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Santiago-Cortés
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq., Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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13
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Gabbay RS, Kenett RS, Scaffaro R, Rubinstein A. Synchronizing the release rates of salicylate and indomethacin from degradable chitosan hydrogel and its optimization by definitive screening design. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:102-109. [PMID: 30268894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Three types of ionically crosslinked (with citric acid) chitosan discs were loaded with the highly water- soluble drug, sodium salicylate (SS) and the poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin (Ind). In separate experiments the hydrated discs were immersed in a de-crosslinking solution comprising of different concentrations of calcium chloride, which induced a controlled erosion of the discs, a process which was optimized to synchronize the release rates of the two drugs over a predetermined period of time. The optimization was accomplished by manipulating six factors: chitosan MW, its amount in the formulation, the concentration of the crosslinker agent, the concentration of the de-crosslinking agent in the dissolution medium, its pH and its temperature. A computerized multifactorial definitive screening design analysis assisted in minimizing the number of experiments. The quotient of the SS to Ind release rates, the difference factor f1, the similarity factor f2 and the combination of f1 and f2 were determined as the experimental responses. The computerized prediction profilers that were used to simulate the contribution of the experimental factors and their effect on the experimental responses led to a successful erodible formulation with a concomitant release of the two drugs over 150 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Sharon Gabbay
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ron S Kenett
- The KPA Group, Ra'anana, Israel; The Samuel Neaman Institute, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of civil, environmental and aerospace engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Abraham Rubinstein
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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14
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Divakar P, Yin K, Wegst UGK. Anisotropic freeze-cast collagen scaffolds for tissue regeneration: How processing conditions affect structure and properties in the dry and fully hydrated states. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 90:350-364. [PMID: 30399564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Few systematic structure-property-processing correlations for directionally freeze-cast biopolymer scaffolds are reported. Such correlations are critical to enable scaffold design with attractive structural and mechanical cues in vivo. This study focuses on freeze-cast collagen scaffolds with three different applied cooling rates (10, 1, and 0.1 °C/min) and two freezing directions (longitudinal and radial). A semi-automated approach for the structural characterization of fully hydrated scaffolds by confocal microscopy is developed to facilitate an objective quantification and comparison of structural features. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy and compression testing are performed longitudinally and transversely. Structural and mechanical properties are determined on dry and fully hydrated scaffolds. Longitudinally frozen scaffolds have aligned and regular pores while those in radially frozen ones exhibit greater variations in pore geometry and alignment. Lamellar spacing, pore area, and cell wall thickness increase with decreasing cooling rate: in longitudinally frozen scaffolds from 25 µm to 83.5 µm, from 814 µm2 to 8452 µm2, and from 4.21 µm to 10.4 µm, and in radially frozen ones, from 69 µm to 116 µm, from 7679 µm2 to 25,670 µm2, and from 6.18 µm to 13.6 µm, respectively. Both longitudinally and radially frozen scaffolds possess higher mechanical property values, when loaded parallel rather than perpendicular to the ice-crystal growth direction. Modulus and yield strength range from 779 kPa to 4700 kPa and from 38 kPa to 137 kPa, respectively, as a function of cooling rate and freezing direction. Collated, the correlations obtained in this study enable the custom-design of freeze-cast collagen scaffolds, which are ideally suited for a large variety of tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajan Divakar
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kaiyang Yin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ulrike G K Wegst
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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15
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Xu K, Zhu C, Xie J, Li X, Zhang Y, Yao F, Gu Z, Yang J. Enhanced vascularization of PCL porous scaffolds through VEGF-Fc modification. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4474-4485. [PMID: 32254665 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To accelerate the vascularization of engineered tissue, an endothelial-specific fusion protein (VEGF-Fc), which consists of a human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and an immunoglobulin G Fc region, was fabricated and used to construct a bioactive interface in a porous scaffold. In this study, VEGF-Fc was immobilized on polycarprolactone (PCL) porous scaffolds by steeping, which is mediated by the hydrophobic binding of the Fc domain. The VEGF-Fc proteins were distributed stably and uniformly throughout the PCL porous scaffolds without affecting their surface morphology and mechanical properties. The immobilized VEGF-Fc activated the phosphorylation of VEGF2 receptor continuously, and further promoted the expressions of PI3K and MAPK, which effectively enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the immobilized VEGF-Fc promoted the migration of HUVECs into the scaffolds, and also enhanced the cellularization and ECM deposition in the subcutaneous implanted scaffolds in rats, which synergistically supported the vascularization of the scaffold in vivo. In view of the advantages of easy use, stability and efficiency, the VEGF-Fc fusion protein appeared to be a promising candidate for surface modification of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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16
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Analysis and comparison of focused ion beam milling and vibratory polishing sample surface preparation methods for porosity study of U-Mo plate fuel for research and test reactors. Micron 2018; 110:57-66. [PMID: 29738917 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Uranium-Molybdenum (U-Mo) low enriched uranium (LEU) fuels are a promising candidate for the replacement of high enriched uranium (HEU) fuels currently in use in a high power research and test reactors around the world. Contemporary U-Mo fuel sample preparation uses focused ion beam (FIB) methods for analysis of fission gas porosity. However, FIB possess several drawbacks, including reduced area of analysis, curtaining effects, and increased FIB operation time and cost. Vibratory polishing is a well understood method for preparing large sample surfaces with very high surface quality. In this research, fission gas porosity image analysis results are compared between samples prepared using vibratory polishing and FIB milling to assess the effectiveness of vibratory polishing for irradiated fuel sample preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was performed on sections of irradiated U-Mo fuel plates and the micrographs were analyzed using a fission gas pore identification and measurement script written in MatLab. Results showed that the vibratory polishing method is preferentially removing material around the edges of the pores, causing the pores to become larger and more rounded, leading to overestimation of the fission gas porosity size. Whereas, FIB preparation tends to underestimate due to poor micrograph quality and surface damage leading to inaccurate segmentations. Despite the aforementioned drawbacks, vibratory polishing remains a valid method for porosity analysis sample preparation, however, improvements should be made to reduce the preferential removal of material surrounding pores in order to minimize the error in the porosity measurements.
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17
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, D’Arrigo M, Marino A, Nostro A. Efficacy of poly(lactic acid)/carvacrol electrospun membranes against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in single and mixed cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Processing, structure, property relationships and release kinetics of electrospun PLA/Carvacrol membranes. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Preparation, characterization and hydrolytic degradation of PLA/PCL co-mingled nanofibrous mats prepared via dual-jet electrospinning. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Effect of Co-incubation with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Cultural Medium on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polylactide-Based Scaffolds. BIONANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-017-0429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Polycaprolactone-based scaffold for oil-selective sorption and improvement of bacteria activity for bioremediation of polluted water. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, Sutera A, Botta L, Fontana RM, Gallo G. Plasma modified PLA electrospun membranes for actinorhodin production intensification in Streptomyces coelicolor immobilized-cell cultivations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:233-241. [PMID: 28599184 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most of industrially relevant bioproducts are produced by submerged cultivations of actinomycetes. The immobilization of these Gram-positive filamentous bacteria on suitable porous supports may prevent mycelial cell-cell aggregation and pellet formation which usually negatively affect actinomycete submerged cultivations, thus, resulting in an improved biosynthetic capability. In this work, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) membranes, subjected or not to O2-plasma treatment (PLA-plasma), were used as support for immobilized-cell submerged cultivations of Streptomyces coelicolor M145. This strain produces different bioactive compounds, including the blue-pigmented actinorhodin (ACT) and red-pigmented undecylprodigiosin (RED), and constitutes a model for the study of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes. Wet contact angles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increased wettability of PLA-plasma due to the formation of polar functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties. Scanning electron microscope observations, carried out at different incubation times, revealed that S. coelicolor immobilized-cells created a dense "biofilm-like" mycelial network on both kinds of PLA membranes. Cultures of S. coelicolor immobilized-cells on PLA or PLA-plasma membranes produced higher biomass (between 1.5 and 2 fold) as well as higher levels of RED and ACT than planktonic cultures. In particular, cultures of immobilized-cells on PLA and PLA-plasma produced comparable levels of RED that were approximatively 4 and 5 fold higher than those produced by planktonic cultures, respectively. In contrast, levels of ACT produced by immobilized-cell cultures on PLA and PLA-plasma were different, being 5 and 10 fold higher than those of planktonic cultures, respectively. Therefore, this is study demonstrated the positive influence of PLA membrane on growth and secondary metabolite production in S. coelicolor and also revealed that O2-plasma treated PLA membranes specifically promoted higher ACT production than not treated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Sutera
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Fontana
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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23
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Development of polymeric functionally graded scaffolds: a brief review. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e107-e121. [PMID: 28009418 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in multilayer scaffolds fabrication approaches. In fact, functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) provide biological and mechanical functions potentially similar to those of native tissues. Based on the final application of the scaffold, there are different properties (physical, mechanical, biochemical, etc.) which need to gradually change in space. Therefore, a number of different technologies have been investigated, and often combined, to customize each region of the scaffolds as much as possible, aiming at achieving the best regenerative performance.In general, FGSs can be categorized as bilayered or multilayered, depending on the number of layers in the whole structure. In other cases, scaffolds are characterized by a continuous gradient of 1 or more specific properties that cannot be related to the presence of clearly distinguished layers. Since each traditional approach presents peculiar advantages and disadvantages, FGSs are good candidates to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In contrast to the reviews reported in the literature, which usually focus on the application of FGS, this brief review provides an overview of the most common strategies adopted to prepare FGS.
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24
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Scaffaro R, Maio A, Lopresti F, Botta L. Nanocarbons in Electrospun Polymeric Nanomats for Tissue Engineering: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E76. [PMID: 30970753 PMCID: PMC6432463 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile process technology, exploited for the production of fibers with varying diameters, ranging from nano- to micro-scale, particularly useful for a wide range of applications. Among these, tissue engineering is particularly relevant to this technology since electrospun fibers offer topological structure features similar to the native extracellular matrix, thus providing an excellent environment for the growth of cells and tissues. Recently, nanocarbons have been emerging as promising fillers for biopolymeric nanofibrous scaffolds. In fact, they offer interesting physicochemical properties due to their small size, large surface area, high electrical conductivity and ability to interface/interact with the cells/tissues. Nevertheless, their biocompatibility is currently under debate and strictly correlated to their surface characteristics, in terms of chemical composition, hydrophilicity and roughness. Among the several nanofibrous scaffolds prepared by electrospinning, biopolymer/nanocarbons systems exhibit huge potential applications, since they combine the features of the matrix with those determined by the nanocarbons, such as conductivity and improved bioactivity. Furthermore, combining nanocarbons and electrospinning allows designing structures with engineered patterns at both nano- and microscale level. This article presents a comprehensive review of various types of electrospun polymer-nanocarbon currently used for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the differences among graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds and fullerenes and their effect on the ultimate properties of the polymer-based nanofibrous scaffolds is elucidated and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maio
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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25
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Monaco G, Cholas R, Salvatore L, Madaghiele M, Sannino A. Sterilization of collagen scaffolds designed for peripheral nerve regeneration: Effect on microstructure, degradation and cellular colonization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:335-344. [PMID: 27987715 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the impact of three different sterilization methods, dry heat (DHS), ethylene oxide (EtO) and electron beam radiation (β), on the properties of cylindrical collagen scaffolds with longitudinally oriented pore channels, specifically designed for peripheral nerve regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy, mechanical testing, quantification of primary amines, differential scanning calorimetry and enzymatic degradation were performed to analyze possible structural and chemical changes induced by the sterilization. Moreover, in vitro proliferation and infiltration of the rat Schwann cell line RSC96 within the scaffolds was evaluated, up to 10days of culture. No major differences in morphology and compressive stiffness were observed among scaffolds sterilized by the different methods, as all samples showed approximately the same structure and stiffness as the unsterilized control. Proliferation, infiltration, distribution and morphology of RSC96 cells within the scaffolds were also comparable throughout the duration of the cell culture study, regardless of the sterilization treatment. However, we found a slight increase of chemical crosslinking upon sterilization (EtO<DHS<β), together with an enhanced resistance to denaturation of the EtO treated scaffolds and a significantly accelerated enzymatic degradation of the β sterilized scaffolds. The results demonstrated that β irradiation impaired the scaffold properties to a greater extent, whereas EtO exposure appeared as the most suitable method for the sterilization of the proposed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Monaco
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Dhitech Scarl - Distretto Tecnologico High Tech, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Rahmatullah Cholas
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, Botta L, Maio A, Sutera F, Mistretta MC, La Mantia FP. A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27805598 DOI: 10.3791/54595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years, functionally graded scaffolds (FGS) gaineda crucial role for manufacturing of devices for tissue engineering. The importance of this new field of biomaterials research is due to the necessity to develop implants capable of mimicking the complex functionality of the various tissues, including a continuous change from one structure or composition to another. In this latter context, one topic of main interest concerns the design of appropriate scaffolds for bone-cartilage interface tissue. In this study, three-layered scaffolds with graded pore size were achieved by melt mixing poly(lactic acid) (PLA), sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Pore size distributions were controlled by NaCl granulometry and PEG solvation. Scaffolds were characterized from a morphological and mechanical point of view. A correlation between the preparation method, the pore architecture and compressive mechanical behavior was found. The interface adhesion strength was quantitatively evaluated by using a custom-designed interfacial strength test. Furthermore, in order to imitate the human physiology, mechanical tests were also performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at 37 °C. The method herein presented provides a high control of porosity, pore size distribution and mechanical performance, thus offering the possibility to fabricate three-layered scaffolds with tailored properties by following a simple and eco-friendly route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of civil, environmental, aerospace, and materials engineering (DICAM), RU INSTM, University of Palermo;
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of civil, environmental, aerospace, and materials engineering (DICAM), RU INSTM, University of Palermo
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of civil, environmental, aerospace, and materials engineering (DICAM), RU INSTM, University of Palermo
| | - Andrea Maio
- Department of civil, environmental, aerospace, and materials engineering (DICAM), RU INSTM, University of Palermo
| | - Fiorenza Sutera
- Department of civil, environmental, aerospace, and materials engineering (DICAM), RU INSTM, University of Palermo
| | - Maria Chiara Mistretta
- Department of civil, environmental, aerospace, and materials engineering (DICAM), RU INSTM, University of Palermo
| | - Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Department of civil, environmental, aerospace, and materials engineering (DICAM), RU INSTM, University of Palermo
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, Botta L, Rigogliuso S, Ghersi G. Integration of PCL and PLA in a monolithic porous scaffold for interface tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 63:303-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Suzuki R, Nakamura R, Nakaegawa Y, Nomoto Y, Fujimoto I, Semura K, Hazama A, Omori K. Optimal bovine collagen concentration to achieve tracheal epithelial coverage of collagen sponges. Laryngoscope 2016; 126:E396-E403. [PMID: 27075104 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Artificial tracheas prepared using a collagen sponge and polypropylene mesh have been implanted in patients who received tracheal resections, but epithelialization in the reconstructed area is slow. We determined the optimal bovine atelocollagen concentration necessary for the rapid and complete tracheal epithelial coverage of collagen sponge implants. STUDY DESIGN Preliminary animal experiment. METHODS Collagen sponges were prepared using lyophilizing 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% atelocollagen solutions (0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% sponges) and were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Partial tracheal defects were prepared in rabbits and reconstructed using sponges. Epithelial regeneration in the reconstructed area was evaluated by endoscopic, histological, and scanning electron microscope analyses. RESULTS All sponges had a membranous structural framework, and numerous fibrous structures filled the spaces within the framework in the 0.5% sponges. The membranous structure in the 0.7% sponges branched at many points, and intermembrane spaces were frequently observed. Conversely, the membranous structure in the 1.0% sponges was relatively continuous, thick, and closely arranged. Two weeks after implantation, tracheal defects were entirely covered with epithelium in two of the four and three of the four of the 0.5% and 0.7% sponge-implanted rabbits, respectively. The collagen sponges remained exposed to the tracheal lumen in four of the four rabbits in the 1.0% sponge group. Ciliogenesis in the center of the epithelialized region was detected only in the 0.7% sponge group. CONCLUSION Collagen sponges prepared from various concentrations of bovine atelocollagen have different structures. Complete epithelial coverage was achieved in more rabbits implanted with sponges prepared using the 0.7% bovine atelocollagen solution than in those implanted with sponges prepared from the 0.5% and 1.0% solutions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 126:E396-E403, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakaegawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukio Nomoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Kayoko Semura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Koken Research Institute, Koken Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hazama
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, Sutera A, Botta L, Fontana RM, Puglia AM, Gallo G. Effect of PCL/PEG-Based Membranes on Actinorhodin Production in Streptomyces coelicolor
Cultivations. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:686-93. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; University of Palermo; Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; University of Palermo; Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Alberto Sutera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; University of Palermo; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; University of Palermo; Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Fontana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; University of Palermo; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Anna Maria Puglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; University of Palermo; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche; University of Palermo; Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16 90128 Palermo Italy
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