1
|
Xu Y. Surface morphology and microstructure of Bauhinia variegata L. flowers and leaves. Micron 2024; 177:103575. [PMID: 38086225 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to characterize the wettability and microstructure of Bauhinia variegata L. flowers and leaves, aiming to provide a biological template for the preparation of hydrophobic surfaces. The contact angle test results show that the surfaces of flowers and leaves are hydrophobic, and the contact angle of the adaxial side and abaxial side of the leaves is highly significant difference, which is mainly affected by the topological morphology of the surface microstructure. The topological structure of flower and leaf surface morphology was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and super-depth of field three-dimensional microscope. The results showed that the cell structure of flower surface array was the main factor leading to the hydrophobicity of flowers. The snowflake-like structure on the leaf surface is the main factor leading to hydrophobicity of leaves, and the burr structure of the micro-nano dual-level structure unique to the abaxial side of the leaf further enhances the hydrophobicity of the abaxial side, and the contact angle increases, resulting in a highly significant difference in wettability between the adaxial side and abaxial side. This provides an important biological template and reference value for the preparation of biomimetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Baoshan University, Baoshan 678000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Richit JF, Díaz SVN, Dick LFP, Mariath JEA. Neither lysigenous nor just oil: Demystifying myrtaceous secretory cavities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16248. [PMID: 37792299 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf subepidermal secretory cavities are a notable trait in Myrtaceae, but their formation is still controversial because of the lack of consensus on their ontogeny among authors. Knowledge about the compounds present in these cavities has grown over the last few years, demonstrating that terpenoid-rich oils are not their unique content. These two points are the focus of this study on the ontogeny, structure, and contents of secretory cavities in neotropical Myrtaceae. METHODS We used histochemical tests and Raman analysis to verify the basic chemical composition of the cavity contents of nine species. We studied the ontogeny of glands in one species, comparing aldehyde-fixed tissues and fresh sections mounted in an inert medium. RESULTS We observed schizogenous development and appearance of the secretory cavities and found that sample processing may induce cell breakdown, which can be misinterpreted as lysigeny. The content of these cavities contains putative terpenes, resins, carbonyl groups, and flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that the lysigenous appearance of the oil glands is a technical artifact. These tissue distortions must be considered when interpreting the development of this type of secretory structure. Moreover, the basic analyses of chemical constituents show for the first time that the glands of neotropical Myrtaceae are potential reservoirs of some compounds such as flavonoids previously reported as novelties for a few other myrtaceous species. Because some of them are non-lipid compounds, the idea that the glands are just oil repositories is no longer applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José F Richit
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shirley V N Díaz
- Electrochemical Processes and Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Metallurgy, School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís F P Dick
- Electrochemical Processes and Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Metallurgy, School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jorge E A Mariath
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akwu NA, Naidoo Y, Singh M, Dewir YH, Magyar-Tábori K, Lekhooa M, Aremu AO. Development and Biomechanics of Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv. Trichomes Exudate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112198. [PMID: 37299177 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv., Malvaceae (forest raisin) is a tropical small tree or shrub valued for its ecological importance as well as its nutritional, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer properties as well as its ecological and ornamental importance. Glandular and non-glandular trichomes are present on the fruits, stem bark and leaves of G. lasiocarpa and these trichomes are the first line of defense. They are important structures that plants use to combat biotic and abiotic stress. The development of G. lasiocarpa trichomes and the biomechanics of the exudates present in the glandular (capitate) trichome were investigated for the first time using advanced microscopy techniques [Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM)]. The pressurized cuticular striations may play a role in the exudates' biomechanics, i.e., releasing secondary metabolites present in the capitate trichome, which was observed to be multidirectional. The presence of many glandular trichomes on a plant implies an increase in the amount of phytometabolites. A common precursor for the development of trichomes (non-glandular and glandular) was observed to be DNA synthesis associated with a periclinal cell division, thus the final fate of the cell is determined by cell cycle regulation, polarity, and expansion. The glandular trichomes of G. lasiocarpa are multicellular and polyglandular, while the non-glandular (glandless) trichomes are either single-celled or multicellular. Since, trichomes 'house' phytocompounds of medicinal, nutritional, and agronomical benefits; the molecular and genetic study of the glandular trichomes of Grewia lasiocarpa will be beneficial to humanity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Augustina Akwu
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Makhotso Lekhooa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|