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Kornsombut N, Takenaka S, Sotozono M, Nagata R, Ida T, Manuschai J, Saito R, Takahashi R, Noiri Y. Antibiofilm Properties and Demineralization Suppression in Early Enamel Lesions Using Dental Coating Materials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:106. [PMID: 38275335 PMCID: PMC10812522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dental coating materials on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. The test materials were PRG Barrier Coat (PRG), BioCoat Ca (BioC), and FluorDental Jelly (FluorJ). Bovine enamel specimens were demineralized to mimic early enamel lesions. The biofilm was developed on a specimen treated with one of the materials by using a modified Robbins device flow-cell system. Scanning electron and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, viable and total cell counts, and gene expression assessments of the antibiofilm were performed. Ion incorporation was analyzed using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyzer. All materials allowed biofilm formation but reduced its volume. FluorJ was the only material that inhibited biofilm accumulation and had a bactericidal effect, revealing 0.66 log CFU in viable cells and 1.23 log copy reduction in total cells compared with the untreated group after 24 h of incubation. The ions released from PRG varied depending on the element. BioC contributed to enamel remineralization by supplying calcium ions while blocking the acid produced from the biofilm. In summary, the dental coating materials physically prevented acid attacks from the biofilm while providing ions to the enamel to improve its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraya Kornsombut
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Maki Sotozono
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ryoko Nagata
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Takako Ida
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Jutharat Manuschai
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Rui Saito
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ryouhei Takahashi
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.N.)
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Zhang Y, Young P, Traini D, Li M, Ong HX, Cheng S. Challenges and current advances in in vitro biofilm characterization. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300074. [PMID: 37477959 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix, which develop over time and exhibit temporal responses to stimuli from internal biological processes or external environmental changes. They can be detrimental, threatening public health and causing economic loss, while they also play beneficial roles in ecosystem health, biotechnology processes, and industrial settings. Biofilms express extreme heterogeneity in their physical properties and structural composition, resulting in critical challenges in understanding them comprehensively. The lack of detailed knowledge of biofilms and their phenotypes has deterred significant progress in developing strategies to control their negative impacts and take advantage of their beneficial applications. A range of in vitro models and characterization tools have been developed and used to study biofilm growth and, specifically, to investigate the impact of environmental and growth factors on their development. This review article discusses the existing knowledge of biofilm properties and explains how external factors, such as flow condition, surface, interface, and host factor, may impact biofilm growth. The limitations of current tools, techniques, and in vitro models that are currently used for biofilms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Boutsioukis C, Arias-Moliz MT, Chávez de Paz LE. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study irrigants and irrigation systems. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:295-329. [PMID: 35171506 PMCID: PMC9314845 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Irrigation plays an essential role in root canal treatment. The purpose of this narrative review was to critically appraise the experimental methods and models used to study irrigants and irrigation systems and to provide directions for future research. Studies on the antimicrobial effect of irrigants should use mature multispecies biofilms grown on dentine or inside root canals and should combine at least two complementary evaluation methods. Dissolution of pulp tissue remnants should be examined in the presence of dentine and, preferably, inside human root canals. Micro-omputed tomography is currently the method of choice for the assessment of accumulated dentine debris and their removal. A combination of experiments in transparent root canals and numerical modeling is needed to address irrigant penetration. Finally, models to evaluate irrigant extrusion through the apical foramen should simulate the periapical tissues and provide quantitative data on the amount of extruded irrigant. Mimicking the in vivo conditions as close as possible and standardization of the specimens and experimental protocols are universal requirements irrespective of the surrogate endpoint studied. Obsolete and unrealistic models must be abandoned in favour of more appropriate and valid ones that have more direct application and translation to clinical Endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boutsioukis
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M T Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Luo TL, Vanek ME, Gonzalez-Cabezas C, Marrs CF, Foxman B, Rickard AH. In vitro model systems for exploring oral biofilms: From single-species populations to complex multi-species communities. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:855-871. [PMID: 34216534 PMCID: PMC10505481 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous in vitro biofilm model systems are available to study oral biofilms. Over the past several decades, increased understanding of oral biology and advances in technology have facilitated more accurate simulation of intraoral conditions and have allowed for the increased generalizability of in vitro oral biofilm studies. The integration of contemporary systems with confocal microscopy and 16S rRNA community profiling has enhanced the capabilities of in vitro biofilm model systems to quantify biofilm architecture and analyse microbial community composition. In this review, we describe several model systems relevant to modern in vitro oral biofilm studies: the constant depth film fermenter, Sorbarod perfusion system, drip-flow reactor, modified Robbins device, flowcells and microfluidic systems. We highlight how combining these systems with confocal microscopy and community composition analysis tools aids exploration of oral biofilm development under different conditions and in response to antimicrobial/anti-biofilm agents. The review closes with a discussion of future directions for the field of in vitro oral biofilm imaging and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting L. Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael E. Vanek
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carl F. Marrs
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander H. Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Di Bonaventura G, Pompilio A. In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Biofilm-Growing Bacteria: Current and Emerging Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1369:33-51. [PMID: 33963526 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens is typically determined based on planktonic cells, as recommended by several international guidelines. However, most of chronic infections - such as those established in wounds, cystic fibrosis lung, and onto indwelling devices - are associated to the formation of biofilms, communities of clustered bacteria attached onto a surface, abiotic or biotic, and embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the bacteria and complexed with molecules from the host. Sessile microorganisms show significantly increased tolerance/resistance to antibiotics compared with planktonic counterparts. Consequently, antibiotic concentrations used in standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests, although effective against planktonic bacteria in vitro, are not predictive of the concentrations required to eradicate biofilm-related infections, thus leading to treatment failure, chronicization and removal of material in patients with indwelling medical devices.Meeting the need for the in vitro evaluation of biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics, here we reviewed several methods proposed in literature highlighting their advantages and limitations to guide scientists towards an appropriate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Chieti, Italy
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Dong J, Wang B, Xiang B, Yang J, Gong Z, Wang Z, Huang Y, Chen L. Research on the effect of TiO 2 nanotubes coated by gallium nitrate on Staphylococcus aureus-Escherichia coli biofilm formation. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23417. [PMID: 32896958 PMCID: PMC7521225 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, the cases with bacterial infection caused by titanium implants and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of titanium materials implanted into human body can often be observed. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate whether the mixed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus/Escherichia coli can be formed on the surface of titanium material through in vitro experiments and its formation rules. Methods The titanium plates were put into the well containing S aureus or/and E coli. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation were analyzed by crystal violet, XTT method, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Results The results of bacterial adhesion in each group at 6‐72 hours showed that the number of bacterial adhesion in each group was increased with the extension of time and reached to the highest level at 72 hours. Moreover, the biofilm structure in the S aureus‐E coli group was significantly more complex than that of the simple S aureus group or E coli group, and the number of bacteria was also significantly increased in the S aureus‐E coli group. Conclusion Those data provide a laboratory basis for the prevention and treatment of mixed infection of subsequent biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingquan Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhang H, Lou Z, Chen X, Cui Y, Wang H, Kou X, Ma C. Effect of simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted hydrodistillation on the yield, composition, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oils from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Biofilms in Endodontics-Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081748. [PMID: 28800075 PMCID: PMC5578138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota are found in highly organized and complex entities, known as biofilms, the characteristics of which are fundamentally different from microbes in planktonic suspensions. Root canal infections are biofilm mediated. The complexity and variability of the root canal system, together with the multi-species nature of biofilms, make disinfection of this system extremely challenging. Microbial persistence appears to be the most important factor for failure of root canal treatment and this could further have an impact on pain and quality of life. Biofilm removal is accomplished by a chemo-mechanical process, using specific instruments and disinfecting chemicals in the form of irrigants and/or intracanal medicaments. Endodontic research has focused on the characterization of root canal biofilms and the clinical methods to disrupt the biofilms in addition to achieving microbial killing. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of microbial biofilms in endodontics and review the literature on the role of root canal disinfectants and disinfectant-activating methods on biofilm removal.
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Inhibition of multispecies biofilms by a fluoride-releasing dental prosthesis copolymer. J Dent 2016; 48:62-70. [PMID: 26948665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a new mixed-species acidogenic biofilm model and use it to assess the antimicrobial properties of a novel fluoride-releasing copolymer. METHODS Stubs composed of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were produced by chemically-activated free radical polymerization. A fluoride-releasing copolymer was developed by incorporating sodium fluoride in place of a portion of the PMMA. Samples were mounted in polysulfone Modified Robbins Devices (MRDs) and were optimized for single- and mixed-species biofilm formation by Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus mutans. RESULTS Fluoride release was sustained for at least 48h in flowing conditions. Fluoride did not affect the colonization and biofilm growth of any of the microorganisms in monocultures. However, in mixed-species biofilms, cell densities of all three species were reduced approximately ten-fold (p<0.05) on the fluoridated material compared with the non-fluoridated copolymer. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that intermicrobial interactions in mixed-species acidogenic biofilms are sensitive to fluoride, and that the inclusion of fluoride in a denture lining copolymer reduces the formation of polymicrobial biofilms. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The growth of acidogenic microorganisms on denture materials is associated with denture stomatitis and dental caries on surrounding teeth. A fluoride-releasing copolymer that inhibits acidogenic mixed-species biofilms, such as the material described in this study, has the potential to control these diseases by limiting biofilm growth.
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Metabolomics-Based Screening of Biofilm-Inhibitory Compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Burdock Leaf. Molecules 2015; 20:16266-77. [PMID: 26370951 PMCID: PMC6331861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of anti-biofilm compounds from the burdock leaf based on metabolomics is reported here. The crystal violet assay indicated 34% ethanol elution fraction of burdock leaf could completely inhibit biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1 mg·mL−1. Then, the chemical composition of burdock leaf fraction was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and 11 active compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, ursolic acid, rutin, cynarin, luteolin, crocin, benzoic acid, and Tenacissoside I) were identified. Lastly, UPLC-MS analysis was employed to obtain the metabolic fingerprints of burdock leaf fractions before and after inhibiting the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The metabolic fingerprints were transformed to data, analyzed with PLS-DA (partial least squares discriminant analysis) and the peaks whose area was significantly changed were found out. Thus, 81 compounds were screened as potential anti-biofilm ingredients. Among them, rutin, ursolic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin were identified and confirmed as the main anti-biofilm compounds in burdock leaf. The study provided basic anti-biofilm profile data for the compounds in burdock leaf, as well as provided a convenient method for fast screening of anti-biofilm compounds from natural plants.
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Veerachamy S, Yarlagadda T, Manivasagam G, Yarlagadda PK. Bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on medical implants: a review. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2015; 228:1083-99. [PMID: 25406229 DOI: 10.1177/0954411914556137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are a complex group of microbial cells that adhere to the exopolysaccharide matrix present on the surface of medical devices. Biofilm-associated infections in the medical devices pose a serious problem to the public health and adversely affect the function of the device. Medical implants used in oral and orthopedic surgery are fabricated using alloys such as stainless steel and titanium. The biological behavior, such as osseointegration and its antibacterial activity, essentially depends on both the chemical composition and the morphology of the surface of the device. Surface treatment of medical implants by various physical and chemical techniques are attempted in order to improve their surface properties so as to facilitate bio-integration and prevent bacterial adhesion. The potential source of infection of the surrounding tissue and antimicrobial strategies are from bacteria adherent to or in a biofilm on the implant which should prevent both biofilm formation and tissue colonization. This article provides an overview of bacterial biofilm formation and methods adopted for the inhibition of bacterial adhesion on medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthan Veerachamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | | | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for Biomaterials Science and Technology, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Prasad Kdv Yarlagadda
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Screening of antimicrobial compounds against Salmonellaty phimurium from burdock (Arctium lappa) leaf based on metabolomics. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
A dental wax was evaluated after unilateral application in 20 client-owned, mixed and purebred small dogs using a clean, split-mouth study model. All dogs had clinical signs of periodontal disease including plaque, calculus, and/or gingivitis. The wax was randomly applied to the teeth of one side of the mouth daily for 30-days while the contralateral side received no treatment. Owner parameters evaluated included compliance and a subjective assessment of ease of wax application. Gingivitis, plaque and calculus accumulation were scored at the end of the study period. Owners considered the wax easy to apply in all dogs. Compliance with no missed application days was achieved in 8 dogs. The number of missed application days had no effect on wax efficacy. There was no significant difference in gingivitis or plaque accumulation scores when comparing treated and untreated sides. Calculus accumulation scores were significantly less (22.1 %) for teeth receiving the dental wax.
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Effect of ethanol fraction of burdock leaf on biofilm formation and bacteria growth. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lou Z, Song X, Hong Y, Wang H, Lin Y. Separation and enrichment of burdock leaf components and their inhibition activity on biofilm formation of E. coli. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A. Drug/Medical Device Combination Products with Stimuli-responsive Eluting Surface. SMART MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734318-00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting medical devices are designed to improve the primary function of the device and at the same time offer local release of drugs which otherwise might find it difficult to reach the insertion/implantation site. The incorporation of the drug enables the tuning of the host/microbial responses to the device and the management of device-related complications. On the other hand, the medical device acts as platform for the delivery of the drug for a prolonged period of time just at the site where it is needed and, consequently, the efficacy and the safety of the treatment, as well as its cost-effectiveness are improved. This chapter begins with an introduction to the combination products and then focuses on the techniques available (compounding, impregnation, coating, grafting of the drug or of polymers that interact with it) to endow medical devices with the ability to host drugs/biological products and to regulate their release. Furthermore, the methods for surface modification with stimuli-responsive polymers or networks are analyzed in detail and the performance of the modified materials as drug-delivery systems is discussed. A wide range of chemical-, irradiation- and plasma-based techniques for grafting of brushes and networks that are sensitive to changes in temperature, pH, light, ionic strength or concentration of certain biomarkers, from a variety of substrate materials, is currently available. Although in vivo tests are still limited, such a surface functionalization of medical devices has already been shown useful for the release on-demand of drugs and biological products, being switchable on/off as a function of the progression of certain physiological or pathological events (e.g. healing, body integration, biofouling or biofilm formation). Improved knowledge of the interactions among the medical device, the functionalized surface, the drug and the body are expected to pave the way to the design of drug-eluting medical devices with optimized and novel performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - A. Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela Spain
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LOU Z, LIU Y, HONG Y, SONG X, WANG H, AI L. Anti-biofilm Activities and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Burdock Leaf. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ribeiro M, Monteiro FJ, Ferraz MP. Infection of orthopedic implants with emphasis on bacterial adhesion process and techniques used in studying bacterial-material interactions. BIOMATTER 2012; 2:176-94. [PMID: 23507884 PMCID: PMC3568104 DOI: 10.4161/biom.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus comprises up to two-thirds of all pathogens in orthopedic implant infections and they are the principal causative agents of two major types of infection affecting bone: septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, which involve the inflammatory destruction of joint and bone. Bacterial adhesion is the first and most important step in implant infection. It is a complex process influenced by environmental factors, bacterial properties, material surface properties and by the presence of serum or tissue proteins. Properties of the substrate, such as chemical composition of the material, surface charge, hydrophobicity, surface roughness and the presence of specific proteins at the surface, are all thought to be important in the initial cell attachment process. The biofilm mode of growth of infecting bacteria on an implant surface protects the organisms from the host immune system and antibiotic therapy. The research for novel therapeutic strategies is incited by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This work will provide an overview of the mechanisms and factors involved in bacterial adhesion, the techniques that are currently being used studying bacterial-material interactions as well as provide insight into future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ribeiro
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Coenye T, Brackman G, Rigole P, De Witte E, Honraet K, Rossel B, Nelis HJ. Eradication of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms by plant extracts and putative identification of icariin, resveratrol and salidroside as active compounds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:409-412. [PMID: 22305279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. This organism is capable of biofilm formation and the decreased antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-associated cells may hamper efficient treatment. In addition, the prolonged use of systemic antibiotic therapy is likely to lead to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. In the present study we investigated whether P. acnes biofilms could be eradicated by plant extracts or their active compounds, and whether other mechanisms besides killing of biofilm cells could be involved. Out of 119 plant extracts investigated, we identified five with potent antibiofilm activity against P. acnes (extracts from Epimedium brevicornum, Malus pumila, Polygonum cuspidatum, Rhodiola crenulata and Dolichos lablab). We subsequently identified icariin, resveratrol and salidroside as active compounds in three of these extracts. Extracts from E. brevicornum and P. cuspidatum, as well as their active compounds (icariin and resveratrol, respectively) showed marked antibiofilm activity when used in subinhibitory concentrations, indicating that killing of microbial cells is not their only mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Shumi W, Lim J, Nam SW, Lee K, Kim SH, Kim MH, Cho KS, Park S. Environmental factors that affect Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in a microfluidic device mimicking teeth. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-010-4401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Coenye T, Nelis HJ. In vitro and in vivo model systems to study microbial biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 83:89-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Bucio E, Burillo G, Concheiro A. Medical devices modified at the surface by γ-ray grafting for drug loading and delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:173-85. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903483174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
There are many laboratory biofilm models available which can be used to assess the susceptibility of these distinctive resistant phenotypes. The complexities of these models vary considerably and indeed, the antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms grown in these different models are also not standardised. It is clear that such methods are necessary for the testing of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents since these persistent communities are far more resistant than their planktonic counterparts. Therefore, it is now apparent that standardised tests such as MIC are no longer appropriate on their own to fully characterise susceptibility. There has also been a growing realisation that bacteria are growing as biofilms in almost every health-care setting and are, thus, a major contributing factor to the difficulty of treating infections. There is a pressing need for the models outlined in this chapter to test both current and novel anti-biofilm compounds and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pratten
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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D'Souza F, Bruin A, Biersteker R, Donnelly G, Klijnstra J, Rentrop C, Willemsen P. Bacterial assay for the rapid assessment of antifouling and fouling release properties of coatings and materials. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:363-70. [PMID: 20039190 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An assay has been developed to accurately quantify the growth and release behaviour of bacterial biofilms on several test reference materials and coatings, using the marine bacterium Cobetia marina as a model organism. The assay can be used to investigate the inhibition of bacterial growth and release properties of many surfaces when compared to a reference. The method is based upon the staining of attached bacterial cells with the nucleic acid-binding, green fluorescent SYTO 13 stain. A strong linear correlation exists between the fluorescence of the bacterial suspension measured (RFU) using a plate reader and the total bacterial count measured with epifluorescence microscopy. This relationship allows the fluorescent technique to be used for the quantification of bacterial cells attached to surfaces. As the bacteria proliferate on the surface over a period of time, the relative fluorescence unit (RFU) measured using the plate reader also shows an increase with time. This was observed on all three test surfaces (glass, Epikote and Silastic T2) over a period of 4 h of bacterial growth, followed by a release assay, which was carried out by the application of hydrodynamic shear forces using a custom-made rotary device. Different fixed rotor speeds were tested, and based on the release analysis, 12 knots was used to provide standard shear force. The assay developed was then applied for assessing three different antifouling coatings of different surface roughness. The novel assay allows the rapid and sensitive enumeration of attached bacteria directly on the coated surface. This is the first plate reader assay technique that allows estimation of irreversibly attached bacterial cells directly on the coated surface without their removal from the surface or extraction of a stain into solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraddry D'Souza
- Corrosion and Antifouling, TNO Science and Industry, Bevesierweg MML (Harssens), Den Helder, The Netherlands.
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25
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De Prijck K, De Smet N, Honraet K, Christiaen S, Coenye T, Schacht E, Nelis HJ. Inhibition of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation by Antimycotics Released from Modified Polydimethyl Siloxane. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:167-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Taechowisan T, Sitthipanya A, Wanbanjob A, Tantiwachwuttikul P. Streptomycessp. ST8 extracts attenuate growth, acid production, adhesion, biofilm formation, and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600802575844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asawin Wanbanjob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
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Brackman G, Hillaert U, Van Calenbergh S, Nelis HJ, Coenye T. Use of quorum sensing inhibitors to interfere with biofilm formation and development in Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia. Res Microbiol 2009; 160:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Briand JF. Marine antifouling laboratory bioassays: an overview of their diversity. BIOFOULING 2009; 25:297-311. [PMID: 19191083 DOI: 10.1080/08927010902745316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, biofouling is a natural process of colonization of submerged surfaces, either living or artificial, involving a wide range of organisms from bacteria to invertebrates. Antifouling can be defined as preventing the attachment of organisms onto surfaces. This article reviews the laboratory bioassays that have been developed for studying the control of algae and invertebrates by epibiosis (chemical ecology) and the screening of new active compounds (natural products and biocides) to inhibit settlement or adhesion, ie fouling-release coatings. The assays utilize a range of organisms (mainly marine bacteria, diatoms, algae, barnacles). The main attributes of assays for micro- and macroorganisms are described in terms of their main characteristics and depending on the biological process assessed (growth, adhesion, toxicity, behavior). The validation of bioassays is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Briand
- MAPIEM, Biofouling et Substances Naturelles Marines, Universite du Sud Toulon-Var, La Valette-du-Var, France.
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Polypropylene grafted with smart polymers (PNIPAAm/PAAc) for loading and controlled release of vancomycin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:467-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Coenye T, De Prijck K, De Wever B, Nelis H. Use of the modified Robbins device to study thein vitrobiofilm removal efficacy of NitrAdine™, a novel disinfecting formula for the maintenance of oral medical devices. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:733-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Peeters E, Nelis HJ, Coenye T. Comparison of multiple methods for quantification of microbial biofilms grown in microtiter plates. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 72:157-65. [PMID: 18155789 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study six assays for the quantification of biofilms formed in 96-well microtiter plates were optimised and evaluated: the crystal violet (CV) assay, the Syto9 assay, the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay, the resazurin assay, the XTT assay and the dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) assay. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes and Candida albicans were used as test organisms. In general, these assays showed a broad applicability and a high repeatability for most isolates. In addition, the estimated numbers of CFUs present in the biofilms show limited variations between the different assays. Nevertheless, our data show that some assays are less suitable for the quantification of biofilms of particular isolates (e.g. the CV assay for P. aeruginosa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Peeters
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Coenye T, Honraet K, Rigole P, Nadal Jimenez P, Nelis HJ. In vitro inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on hydroxyapatite by subinhibitory concentrations of anthraquinones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1541-4. [PMID: 17220400 PMCID: PMC1855520 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00999-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that certain anthraquinones (AQs) reduce Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on hydroxyapatite at concentrations below the MIC. Although AQs are known to generate reactive oxygen species, the latter do not underlie the observed effect. Our results suggest that AQs inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation by causing membrane perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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