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Furuya H, Ogura K, Takemoto N, Watanabe S, Yamazaki A, Ogai K, Sugama J, Okamoto S. A multilocus sequence typing method of Staphylococcus aureus DNAs in a sample from human skin. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:438-446. [PMID: 37574717 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The skin and mucous membranes are the primary sites of Staphylococcus aureus colonization, particularly those of health care personnel and patients in long-term care centers. We found that S. aureus colonized with a higher abundance ratio on skins which had recovered from pressure injury (PI) than on normal skins in our earlier research on the skin microbiota of bedridden patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a useful tool for typing S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens. However, the MLST approach cannot be used in microbiota DNA owing to the contamination from other bacteria species. In this study, we developed a multiplex-nested PCR method to determine S. aureus MLST in samples collected from human skins. The seven pairs of forward and reverse primers were designed in the upstream and downstream regions, which were conserved specifically in S. aureus. The first amplifications of the seven pairs were conducted in a multiplex assay. The samples were diluted and applied to conventional PCR for MLST. We confirmed that the method amplified the seven allele sequences of S. aureus specifically in the presence of untargeted DNAs from human and other skin commensal bacteria. Using this assay, we succeeded in typing sequence types (STs) of S. aureus in the DNA samples derived from the skins healed from PI. Peaks obtained by Sanger sequencing showed that each sample contained one ST, which were mainly categorized into clonal complex 1 (CC1) or CC5. We propose that this culture-free approach may be used in detecting S. aureus in clinical specimens without isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Furuya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Gokasho, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takemoto
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamazaki
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- AI Hospital/Macro Signal Dynamics Research and Development Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Junko Sugama
- Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science Initiative, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Miyazawa R, Shimoda S, Matsuda K, Tobe R, Ando T, Yoneyama H. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis and Bulk Tank Milk: First Isolation of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in Japan. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2117. [PMID: 36363708 PMCID: PMC9696108 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens in humans as well as in livestock. Particularly, bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus is a serious issue in dairy farms due to disease recurrence. Here, cases of S. aureus-mediated intramammary infection occurring in the Miyagi Prefecture in Japan were monitored from May 2015 to August 2019; a total of 59 strains (49 from bovine milk and 10 from bulk milk) were obtained from 15 dairy farms and analyzed via sequence-based typing methods and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Two pairs of isolates were determined as recurrence cases from the same cows in distinct farms. The sequence type (ST), spa type, and coa type of each pair were the same: one pair showed ST705, t529, and VIb and the other showed ST352, t267, and VIc. In addition, the possession of toxin genes analyzed of each pair was exactly the same. Furthermore, seven oxacillin-sensitive clonal complex 398 isolates were obtained from a single farm. This is the first confirmed case of a Methicillin-Sensitive SA (MSSA) ST398 strain isolated from mastitis-containing cows in Japan. Our findings suggest that nationwide surveillance of the distribution of ST398 strains in dairy farms is important for managing human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - So Shimoda
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuda
- Livestock Medicine Training Center, Miyagi Prefecture Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 39-4, Oohira Hirabayashi, Oohira-Village, Kurokawagun 981-3602, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryuta Tobe
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tasuke Ando
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
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Goudarzi M, Kobayashi N, Hashemi A, Fazeli M, Navidinia M. Genetic Variability of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated from Burns Patients. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:170-176. [PMID: 31263666 PMCID: PMC6590875 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Staphylococcus aureus is a nosocomial pathogen that provides a major challenge in the healthcare environment, especially in burns units where patients are particularly susceptible to infections. In this study, we sought to determine molecular types of S. aureus isolates collected from burns patients, based on staphylococcal protein A and coagulase gene polymorphisms. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing of 89 S. aureus strains isolated from burn wounds of patients was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Strains were characterized by spa typing, coa typing, and resistance and toxin gene profiling. Results A total of 12 different spa types were identified with the majority being t790 (18%). Panton-Valentine leucocidin encoding genes were identified in spa types t044 (5.6%), t852 (2.2%) and t008 (2.2%). The most commonly detected antibiotic resistance gene was ant (4')-Ia (60.7%). Ten different coa types were detected and the majority of the tested isolates belonged to coa III (47.2%). All the high-level mupirocin-resistant and low-level mupirocin resistant strains belonged to coa type III. Conclusion The present study illustrated that despite the high frequency of coa III and spa t790 types, the genetic background of S. aureus strains in Iranian burns patients was diverse. The findings obtained are valuable in creating awareness of S. aureus infections within burns units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fazeli
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Navidinia
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Suzuki Y. Current Studies of Staphylococcal Food Poisoning. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2019; 60:27-37. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.60.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cho YS, Lee MK, Hwang SH. Toxin gene profiles, genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and coagulase type of Staphylococcus aureus from cream-filled bakery products. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1727-1734. [PMID: 31139385 PMCID: PMC6526646 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the toxin gene profile, toxin production, antibiotic resistance coagulase serotype, and genetic diversity of 42 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus (CPS) isolates collected from 1,464 cream-filled bakery products in Korea. Among the CPS isolates, 37 (88.1%) produced enterotoxin genes in combination with another toxin; 26 (61.9%) of the strains were positive for sea, 1 (2.4%) for sea-seb, and 4 (9.5%) for sea-sec. Among the strains showing antibiotic resistance, 28 (66.7%) showed resistance to only one antibiotic, whereas nine (21.4%) showed resistance to multiple antibiotics: 4 (9.5%) strains were both mecA-positive and oxacillin-resistant. Most strains are resistant to at least one antibiotic-benzyl penicillin. The CPS isolates were classified into eight coagulase serotypes. This information will be valuable for assessing the capability risks of CPS food poisoning, contributing a better known of the epidemiology result associated with CPS contamination in bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Cho
- Food Analysis CenterKorea Food Research InstituteJeollabuk-doKorea
| | - Myung Ki Lee
- Research Group of Traditional FoodKorea Food Research InstituteJeollabuk-doKorea
| | - Sun Hye Hwang
- Food Analysis CenterKorea Food Research InstituteJeollabuk-doKorea
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Kitagawa H, Ohge H, Hisatsune J, Kajihara T, Katayama K, Takahashi S, Sueda T, Sugai M. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by ST8 SCCmecIVl Type Community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Intern Med 2019; 58:743-747. [PMID: 30333402 PMCID: PMC6443554 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1415-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a Japan-intrinsic community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (CA-MRSA/J) has been reported. A 70-year-old man with recurrent colon cancer and a history of mitral valve replacement was admitted to the hospital in a state of shock. He was diagnosed with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by MRSA and underwent cardiac surgery. The MRSA isolates belonged to multilocus sequence type 8 and carried staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IVl and the genes of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, enterotoxin C, and enterotoxin L. These characteristics indicated a CA-MRSA/J clone. This is the first reported case of PVE caused by CA-MRSA/J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kajihara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keijiro Katayama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Taijiro Sueda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Suzuki Y, Matsushita S, Kubota H, Kobayashi M, Murauchi K, Higuchi Y, Kato R, Hirai A, Sadamasu K. Identification and functional activity of a staphylocoagulase type XI variant originating from staphylococcal food poisoning isolates. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:172-7. [PMID: 27227969 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Staphylocoagulase, an extracellular protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, has been used as an epidemiological marker. At least 12 serotypes and 24 genotypes subdivided on the basis of nucleotide sequence have been reported to date. In this study, we identified a novel staphylocoagulase nucleotide sequence, coa310, from staphylococcal food poisoning isolates that had the ability to coagulate plasma, but could not be typed using the conventional method. The protein encoded by coa310 contained the six fundamental conserved domains of staphylocoagulase. The full-length nucleotide sequence of coa310 shared the highest similarity (77·5%) with that of staphylocoagulase-type (SCT) XIa. The sequence of the D1 region, which would be responsible for the determination of SCT, shared the highest similarity (91·8%) with that of SCT XIa. These results suggest that coa310 is a novel variant of SCT XI. Moreover, we demonstrated that coa310 encodes a functioning coagulase, by confirming the coagulating activity of the recombinant protein expressed from coa310. This is the first study to directly demonstrate that Coa310, a putative SCT XI, has coagulating activity. These findings may be useful for the improvement of the staphylocoagulase-typing method, including serotyping and genotyping. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study to identify a novel variant of staphylocoagulase type XI based on its nucleotide sequence and to demonstrate coagulating activity in the variant using a recombinant protein. Elucidation of the variety of staphylocoagulases will provide suggestions for further improvement of the staphylocoagulase-typing method and contribute to our understanding of the epidemiologic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Matsushita
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kubota
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Murauchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Higuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Kato
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Hirai
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Park SH, Kim KJ, Kim BK, Hwang SM. Molecular Characterization of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusIsolates from Children with Skin Infections in Busan, Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Hae Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Ju Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Byoung Kuk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo Myung Hwang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
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Suzuki Y, Omoe K, Hu DL, Sato'o Y, Ono HK, Monma C, Arai T, Konishi N, Kato R, Hirai A, Nakama A, Kai A, Kamata Y. Molecular epidemiological characterization ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates originating from food poisoning outbreaks that occurred in Tokyo, Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 58:570-80. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; 3-18-8 Ueda Morioka City Iwate 020-8550
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu City Gifu 501-1193
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Katsuhiko Omoe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; 3-18-8 Ueda Morioka City Iwate 020-8550
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu City Gifu 501-1193
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; 23-35-1 Higashi Towada City Aomori 034-8628
| | - Yusuke Sato'o
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; 3-18-8 Ueda Morioka City Iwate 020-8550
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu City Gifu 501-1193
- Department of Bacteriology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku Hiroshima City Hiroshima 734-8551
| | - Hisaya K. Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; 5 Zaifu-cho Hirosaki-city Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Chie Monma
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Teruyoshi Arai
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Rei Kato
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Akihiko Hirai
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Akiko Nakama
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Akemi Kai
- Department of Microbiology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health; 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0073
| | - Yoichi Kamata
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; 3-18-8 Ueda Morioka City Iwate 020-8550
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu City Gifu 501-1193
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Molecular epidemiology and identification of a Staphylococcus aureus clone causing food poisoning outbreaks in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2637-40. [PMID: 24759723 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00661-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of isolates from staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) outbreaks in Japan showed that the dominant lineage causing SFP outbreaks is clonal complex 81 (CC81), a single-locus variant of sequence type 1, coagulase type VII, positive for sea and/or seb, and positive for seh. Among various CC lineages producing staphylococcal enterotoxin A, CC81 showed the highest toxin productivity.
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Lulitanond A, Ito T, Li S, Han X, Ma XX, Engchanil C, Chanawong A, Wilailuckana C, Jiwakanon N, Hiramatsu K. ST9 MRSA strains carrying a variant of type IX SCCmec identified in the Thai community. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:214. [PMID: 23663295 PMCID: PMC3658997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Thailand occur most frequently in healthcare facilities. However, reports of community-associated MRSA are limited. Methods We characterized 14 MRSA isolates from outpatients (O-1 to O-14) by phenotypic and genotypic methods and compared them with 5 isolates from inpatients (I-1 to I-5). Thai MRSA isolates from a healthcare worker (N-1) and a pig (P-1) were also included as ST9 MRSA strains from other sources. Results All MRSA isolates from the outpatients and inpatients were multidrug-resistant (resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials). All of them except strains O-2 and I-3 carried type III SCCmec and belonged to agrI, coagulase IV, spa type t037 or t233, which related to ST239. The strain O-2 (JCSC6690) carried type IX SCCmec and belonged to agrII, coagulaseXIc, spa type t337 and ST9, whereas the strain I-3 carried a type III SCCmec and belonged to ST1429. Nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the type IX SCCmec element in strain O-2 was distinct from that in a Thai ST398 strain (JCSC6943) previously identified in 2011; nucleotide identities of ccrA and ccrB were 93 and 91%, respectively and several open reading frames (ORFs) at the joining regions were different. PCR experiments suggested that strain O-2 and N-1 carried similar SCCmec element, whereas that of strain P-1 was different, suggesting that distinct ST9-MRSA–IX clones might be spreading in this province. Conclusions The SCCmecIX-ST9 MRSA clones of distinct SCCmec subtypes might have emerged in the Thai community and might also have disseminated into the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroonlug Lulitanond
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Akobi B, Aboderin O, Sasaki T, Shittu A. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from faecal samples of the Straw-Coloured Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum) in Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Nigeria. BMC Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23181939 PMCID: PMC3554579 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bats (Chiroptera) are one of the most diverse groups of mammals which carry out important ecological and agricultural functions that are beneficial to humans. However, they are increasingly recognized as natural vectors for a number of zoonotic pathogens and favourable hosts for zoonotic infections. Large populations of the Straw-Coloured Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum) colonize the main campus of the Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, but the public health implications of faecal contamination and pollution by these flying mammals is unknown. This study characterized S. aureus obtained from faecal samples of these migratory mammals with a view to determining the clonal types of the isolates, and to investigate the possibility of these flying animals as potential reservoir for zoonotic S. aureus infections. Results One hundred and seven (107) S. aureus isolates were recovered from 560 faecal samples in eleven roosting sites from January 2008 to February 2010. A large proportion of the isolates were susceptible to antibiotics, and molecular characterization of 70 isolates showed that 65 (92.9%) were assigned in coagulase type VI, while accessory gene typing classified 69 isolates into the following: type I (12; 17.1%), type II (3; 4.3%), type III (1; 1.4%) and type IV (53; 75.7%). On the whole, the isolates were grouped in five (A-E) main genotypes. Of the ten representative isolates selected for multilocus sequence typing (MLST), nine isolates were assigned with new sequence types: ST1725, ST1726, ST1727, ST2463-ST2467 and ST2470. Phylogenetic analysis provided evidence that S. aureus isolates in group C were closely related with ST1822 and associated clones identified in African monkeys, and group D isolates with ST75, ST883 and ST1223. The two groups exhibited remarkable genetic diversity compared to the major S. aureus clade. Conclusions Antibiotic resistance in faecal S. aureus isolates of E. helvum is low and multiple unique S. aureus lineages co-existed with E. helvum. The Straw-Coloured Fruit Bat in Ile-Ife, Nigeria is colonized predominantly by ST1725, ST1726, ST2463 and ST2470 with distinct genotypic characteristics that are rarely found in humans. This study has demonstrated on the possible existence of a reservoir of indigenous and anciently-divergent S. aureus clones among mammals in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunji Akobi
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Wan M, Fu S, Lo Y, Huang T, Cheng M, Chou C. Heterogeneity and phylogenetic relationships of community-associated methicillin-sensitive/resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in healthy dogs, cats and their owners. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 112:205-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Mizumachi E, Kato F, Hisatsune J, Tsuruda K, Uehara Y, Seo H, Sugai M. Clonal distribution of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus on handles of handheld shopping baskets in supermarkets. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 110:562-7. [PMID: 21155955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Shopping carts and handheld shopping baskets in supermarkets are subject to accidental bacterial contamination through contacts with a variety of food. We investigated the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on the handles of handheld shopping baskets in four supermarkets distantly located in Osaka district, Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty two strains of Staph. aureus were isolated from 760 basket handles. Among these, six strains were positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production, representing 12% of total. This SEB producer ratio is considerably higher than among Staph. aureus isolated from nasal swabs of the supermarket workers (2%) and from independently collected clinical specimens (4%). These SEB-producing Staph. aureus strains from the basket handles are clonal and belong to ST12. Coagulase typing showed that they are in group VII, which is the most common cause of food poisoning in Japan. Biofilm assays indicated that SEB gene (seb)-positive strains including this clone produced a significantly higher amount of biofilm than seb-negative strains. CONCLUSIONS The frequent isolation of seb-positive Staph. aureus on shopping basket handles raises the possibility that they could be a hidden reservoir for Staph. aureus with a potential to cause food poisoning and draws attention to the importance of shopping basket sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mizumachi
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Yamamoto T, Nishiyama A, Takano T, Yabe S, Higuchi W, Razvina O, Shi D. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: community transmission, pathogenesis, and drug resistance. J Infect Chemother 2010; 16:225-54. [PMID: 20336341 PMCID: PMC7088255 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-010-0045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is able to persist not only in hospitals (with a high level of antimicrobial agent use) but also in the community (with a low level of antimicrobial agent use). The former is called hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and the latter community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). It is believed MRSA clones are generated from S. aureus through insertion of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and outbreaks occur as they spread. Several worldwide and regional clones have been identified, and their epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics have been described. CA-MRSA is likely able to survive in the community because of suitable SCCmec types (type IV or V), a clone-specific colonization/infection nature, toxin profiles (including Pantone-Valentine leucocidin, PVL), and narrow drug resistance patterns. CA-MRSA infections are generally seen in healthy children or young athletes, with unexpected cases of diseases, and also in elderly inpatients, occasionally surprising clinicians used to HA-MRSA infections. CA-MRSA spreads within families and close-contact groups or even through public transport, demonstrating transmission cores. Re-infection (including multifocal infection) frequently occurs, if the cores are not sought out and properly eradicated. Recently, attention has been given to CA-MRSA (USA300), which originated in the US, and is growing as HA-MRSA and also as a worldwide clone. CA-MRSA infection in influenza season has increasingly been noted as well. MRSA is also found in farm and companion animals, and has occasionally transferred to humans. As such, the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic behavior of CA-MRSA, a growing threat, is focused on in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Genetic diversity of staphylocoagulase genes (coa): insight into the evolution of variable chromosomal virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5714. [PMID: 19492076 PMCID: PMC2683563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of staphylocoagulase (SC) causing the plasma coagulation is one of the important characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus. Although SCs have been classified into 10 serotypes based on the differences in the antigenicity, genetic bases for their diversities and relatedness to chromosome types are poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We compared the nucleotide sequences of 105 SC genes (coa), 59 of which were determined in this study. D1 regions, which contain prothrombin-activating and -binding domains and are presumed to be the binding site of each type-specific antiserum, were classified into twelve clusters having more than 90% nucleotide identities, resulting to create two novel SC types, XI and XII, in addition to extant 10 types. Nine of the twelve SC types were further subdivided into subtypes based on the differences of the D2 or the central regions. The phylogenetical relations of the D1 regions did not correlate exactly with either one of agr types and multilocus sequence types (STs). In addition, genetic analysis showed that recombination events have occurred in and around coa. So far tested, STs of 126 S. aureus strains correspond to the combination of SC type and agr type except for the cases of CC1 and CC8, which contained two and three different SC types, respectively. Conclusion The data suggested that the evolution of coa was not monophyletic in the species. Chromosomal recombination had occurred at coa and agr loci, resulting in the carriage of the combinations of allotypically different important virulence determinants in staphylococcal chromosome.
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Berglund C, Ito T, Ma XX, Ikeda M, Watanabe S, Soderquist B, Hiramatsu K. Genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying type IV SCCmec in Orebro County and the western region of Sweden. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 63:32-41. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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