1
|
Du M, Xuan W, Hamblin MR, Huang L. Clinical aPDT's effect on Candida albicans: Antifungal susceptibility, virulence gene expression, and correlation with leukocyte and neutrophil counts. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024:104327. [PMID: 39233129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous clinical trial demonstrated that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with methylene blue (MB) and potassium iodide (KI) effectively killed Candida albicans (C. albicans) in adult AIDS patients with oral candidiasis, regardless of biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype. This study evaluated changes in antifungal susceptibility and virulence gene expression in C. albicans before and after aPDT, and explored factors related to clinical aPDT efficacy. METHODS Twenty-one adult AIDS patients with C. albicans oral candidiasis were divided into Group a (400 μM MB, N=11) and Group b (600 μM MB, N=10). Both groups received two aPDT treatments, where MB was applied for 5 minutes, followed by 300 mM KI, and illuminated for 30 minutes (37.29 J/cm²). C. albicans isolates were collected before and after treatment to assess antifungal susceptibility (fluconazole, itraconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B) and gene expression (CAT1, HWP1). Peripheral blood tests were analyzed for correlations with aPDT efficacy. RESULTS aPDT reduced minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine, with significant reductions primarily after the first treatment. MIC reductions differed between groups, with Group a showing greater decreases in flucytosine and fluconazole MICs, and Group b in amphotericin B MICs. No significant changes in CAT1 or HWP1 expression were observed. Clinical efficacy of aPDT negatively correlated with leukocyte and neutrophil levels. CONCLUSIONS aPDT effectively reduces MICs of antifungal drugs against C. albicans isolated from treated patients, particularly after the first treatment. The concentration of MB required to reduce MICs varies among different antifungal drugs. aPDT does not alter CAT1 or HWP1 expression, and its clinical efficacy in eradicating C. albicans is negatively associated with leukocyte and neutrophil levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou X, Chen X, Pan Q, Wang S, Li J, Yang Y. Exploring the role of candidalysin in the pathogenicity of Candida albicans by gene set enrichment analysis and evolutionary dynamics. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:3191-3210. [PMID: 39114682 PMCID: PMC11301511 DOI: 10.62347/izym9087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of Candida albicans (C. albicans), focusing on its impact on human health, particularly through invasive infections in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the demographic and clinical profiles of 7 pneumonia patients. Meanwhile, we used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Evolutionary Dynamics method to analyze the role of candidalysin in C. albicans pathogenicity. RESULTS By analyzing genomic data and conducting biomedical text mining, we identified novel mutation sites in the candidalysin coding gene ECE1-III, shedding light into the genetic diversity within C. albicans strains and their potential implications for antifungal resistance. Our results revealed significant associations between C. albicans and respiratory as well as gastrointestinal diseases, emphasizing the fungus's role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, we identified a new mutation site in the C. albicans strain YF2-5, isolated from patients with pneumonia. This mutation may be associated with its heightened pathogenicity. CONCLUSION Our research advances the understanding of C. albicans pathogenicity and opens new avenues for developing targeted antifungal therapies. By focusing on the molecular basis of fungal virulence, we aim to contribute to the development of more effective treatment strategies, addressing the challenge of multidrug resistance in invasive fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianglong Pan
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bachtiar E, Bachtiar BM, Kusumaningrum A, Sunarto H, Soeroso Y, Sulijaya B, Apriyanti E, Theodorea CF, Putra Pratomo I, Yudhistira Y, Efendi D, Lestari W. The utility of salivary CRP and IL-6 as a non-invasive measurement evaluated in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes. F1000Res 2024; 12:419. [PMID: 38269064 PMCID: PMC10806364 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130995.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The available evidence suggests that inflammatory responses, in both systemic and oral tissue, contribute to the pathology of COVID-19 disease. Hence, studies of inflammation biomarkers in oral fluids, such as saliva, might be useful to better specify COVID-19 features. Methods In the current study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to measure salivary levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in saliva obtained from patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19, in a diabetic group (DG; n = 10) and a non-diabetic group (NDG; n = 13). All participants were diagnosed with periodontitis, while six participants with periodontitis but not diagnosed with COVID-19 were included as controls. Results We found increases in salivary total protein levels in both the DG and NDG compared to control patients. In both groups, salivary CRP and IL-6 levels were comparable. Additionally, the levels of salivary CRP were significantly correlated with total proteins, in which a strong and moderate positive correlation was found between DG and NDG, respectively. A linear positive correlation was also noted in the relationship between salivary IL-6 level and total proteins, but the correlation was not significant. Interestingly, the association between salivary CRP and IL-6 levels was positive. However, a moderately significant correlation was only found in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, through which the association was validated by a receiver operating curve. Conclusions These finding suggest that salivary CRP and IL-6 are particularly relevant as potential non-invasive biomarker for predicting diabetes risk in mild cases of COVID-19 accompanied with periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endang Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ardiana Kusumaningrum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia; Clinical Microbiology Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hari Sunarto
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
- Dental Center, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Efa Apriyanti
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Citra Fragrantia Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Irandi Putra Pratomo
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yudhistira Yudhistira
- Clinical Pathology Medicine Staff Group,, Universitas Indonesia Hospital., Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Defi Efendi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Widya Lestari
- Oral Biology Unit, Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dias LM, Klein MI, Ferrisse TM, Medeiros KS, Jordão CC, Bellini A, Pavarina AC. The Effect of Sub-Lethal Successive Applications of Photodynamic Therapy on Candida albicans Biofilm Depends on the Photosensitizer. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010111. [PMID: 36675932 PMCID: PMC9861309 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of sub-lethal doses of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and curcumin (CUR) associated with LED in the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression of Candida albicans. The microbial assays were performed using planktonic cultures and biofilms. Ten successive applications (Apl#) were performed: aPDT (P+L+; C+L+), photosensitizer (P+L-; C+L-), and LED (P-L+; C-L+). Control groups were used (P-L-; C-L-). The viability of C. albicans was determined by cultivating treated cultures on agar plates with or without fluconazole (FLU). In addition, the ROS detection and expression of SOD1, CAP1, and ERG11 genes were determined. For planktonic cultures, no viable colonies were observed after Apl#3 (without FLU) and Apl#2 (with FLU) for either photosensitizer. Biofilm treated with P+L+ resulted in the absence of cell viability after Apl#7, while C+L+ showed ~1.40 log10 increase in cell viability after Apl#2, regardless of FLU. For both photosensitizers, after the last application with viable colonies, the production of ROS was higher in the biofilms than in the planktonic cultures, and SOD1 expression was the highest in P+L+. A reduction of CAP1 and ERG11 expression occurred after P+L+, regardless of FLU. C+L+ had a higher level of ROS, and the treatments were non-significant for gene expression. Sub-lethal doses of aPDT mediated by CUR could induce C. albicans resistance in biofilms, while C. albicans cells in biofilms were susceptible to aPDT mediated by PDZ.
Collapse
|
5
|
Inhibitory Effects and Mechanism of Action of Elsinochrome A on Candida albicans and Its Biofilm. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080841. [PMID: 36012829 PMCID: PMC9409654 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated Candida albicans infections, the leading cause of invasive candidiasis, can cause high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a promising approach for controlling infections caused by biofilm-associated C. albicans. This study shows the effect of Elsinochrome A (EA) against different stages of C. albicans biofilms in vitro by XTT reduction assay and crystal violet staining. The mechanism of action of EA on C. albicans biofilm was analyzed with flow cytometry, confocal laser microscopy, and the Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). EA-mediated PACT significantly reduced the viability of C. albicans, with an inhibition rate on biofilm of 89.38% under a concentration of 32 μg/mL EA. We found that EA could not only inhibit the adhesion of C. albicans in the early stage of biofilm formation, but that it also had good effects on pre-formed mature biofilms with a clearance rate of 35.16%. It was observed that EA-mediated PACT promotes the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans and down-regulates the intracellular expression of oxidative-stress-related genes, which further disrupted the permeability of cell membranes, leading to mitochondrial and nuclear damage. These results indicate that EA has good photodynamic antagonizing activity against the C. albicans biofilm, and potential clinical value.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bachtiar EW, Bachtiar BM, Kusumaningrum A, Sunarto H, Soeroso Y, Sulijaya B, Apriyanti E, Theodorea CF, Pratomo IP, . Y, Efendi D, Razak FA. ACE2 expression in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with Candida albicans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. F1000Res 2022; 11:557. [PMID: 36112976 PMCID: PMC9445561 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111965.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: A relationship between oral microbiota and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been extensively studied. However, the relationship between oral commensal flora and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2) remains to be established. In this observational study, we collected saliva from patients with COVID-19 and evaluated the relationship between ACE2 expression and Candida albicans as well as with selected gram-negative bacteria ( Aggregatibacter actin o mycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Veillonella parvula). We investigated how this may be directly or indirectly involved in oral dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We included 23 hospitalized patients admitted to Universitas Indonesia Hospital with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, with six healthy participants serving as controls. Saliva and tongue surface swabs were collected from patients with diabetes (DG) and without diabetes (NDG) and subject controls. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR) we assessed the mRNA expression of ACE2, the abundance of C. albicans, and the transcription levels of its biofilm-associated genes, agglutinin-like protein 3 ( ALS3), hyphal wall protein 1 ( HWP1), and yeast-form wall protein 1 ( YWP1). We also counted the relative proportion of the three selected gram-negative oral bacteria in saliva. All analyses were performed to determine the relationship between ACE2 expression and C. albicans and gram-negative bacteria. Results: ACE2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tongue swab samples than in saliva. However, no significant difference was observed between the patient groups. Conversely, DG patients had a significantly higher abundance of C. albicans in saliva compared to NDG patients and control group patients. The correlation and sensitivity/specificity relationship between ACE2 expression and C. albicans or the selected oral bacteria were also observed. Conclusions: The data show that ACE2 expression can be detected in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with C. albicans and gram-negative oral bacteria might contribute toward developing an oral dysbiosis based predictor for prognosis of COVID-19 severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ardiana Kusumaningrum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Clinical Microbiology Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Hari Sunarto
- Dental Center, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Efa Apriyanti
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Citra Fragrantia Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Irandi Putra Pratomo
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yudhistira .
- Clinical Pathology Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Defi Efendi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Fathilah Abdul Razak
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bachtiar EW, Bachtiar BM, Kusumaningrum A, Sunarto H, Soeroso Y, Sulijaya B, Apriyanti E, Theodorea CF, Pratomo IP, . Y, Efendi D, Razak FA. ACE2 expression in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with Candida albicans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. F1000Res 2022; 11:557. [PMID: 36112976 PMCID: PMC9445561 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111965.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A relationship between oral microbiota and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been extensively studied. However, the relationship between oral commensal flora and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2) remains to be established. In this observational study, we collected saliva from patients with COVID-19 and evaluated the relationship between ACE2 expression and Candida albicans as well as with selected gram-negative bacteria ( Aggregatibacter actin o mycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Veillonella parvula). We investigated how this may be directly or indirectly involved in oral dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We included 23 hospitalized patients admitted to Universitas Indonesia Hospital with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, with six healthy participants serving as controls. Saliva and tongue surface swabs were collected from patients with diabetes (DG) and without diabetes (NDG) and subject controls. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR) we assessed the mRNA expression of ACE2, the abundance of C. albicans, and the transcription levels of its biofilm-associated genes, agglutinin-like protein 3 ( ALS3), hyphal wall protein 1 ( HWP1), and yeast-form wall protein 1 ( YWP1). We also counted the relative proportion of the three selected gram-negative oral bacteria in saliva. All analyses were performed to determine the relationship between ACE2 expression and C. albicans and gram-negative bacteria. Results: ACE2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tongue swab samples than in saliva. However, no significant difference was observed between the patient groups. Conversely, DG patients had a significantly higher abundance of C. albicans in saliva compared to NDG patients and control group patients. The correlation and sensitivity/specificity relationship between ACE2 expression and C. albicans or the selected oral bacteria were also observed. Conclusions: The data show that ACE2 expression can be detected in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with C. albicans and gram-negative oral bacteria might contribute toward developing an oral dysbiosis based predictor for prognosis of COVID-19 severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ardiana Kusumaningrum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Clinical Microbiology Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Hari Sunarto
- Dental Center, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Efa Apriyanti
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Citra Fragrantia Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Irandi Putra Pratomo
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yudhistira .
- Clinical Pathology Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Defi Efendi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Fathilah Abdul Razak
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nunes VV, Silva-Mann R, Souza JL, Calazans CC. Pharmaceutical, food potential, and molecular data of Hancornia speciosa Gomes: a systematic review. GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION 2022; 69:525-543. [PMID: 35068695 PMCID: PMC8764503 DOI: 10.1007/s10722-021-01319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit and medicinal tree species native to South America, which in Brazil is considered of potential economic value and priority for research and development. We present a map of the state-of-art, including articles, patents, and molecular data of the species to identify perspectives for future research. The annual scientific production, intellectual, social, and conceptual structure were evaluated, along with the number of patent deposits, components of the plant used, countries of deposit, international classification and assignees, and the accessibility of available molecular data. Brazil has the most significant publications (306) between 1992 and 2020. Technological products (29) have been developed from different tissues of the plant. Most of the articles and patents were developed by researchers from public universities from different regions of Brazil. The molecular data are sequences of nucleotides (164) and proteins (236) of the chloroplast genome and are described to identify the species as DNA barcodes and proteins involved in photosynthesis. The compilation and report of scientific, technological, and molecular information in the present review allowed the identification of new perspectives of research to be developed based on the gaps in knowledge regarding the species and perspectives for the definition of future research. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10722-021-01319-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valdinete Vieira Nunes
- Post-Graduation Program in Agriculture and Biodiversity, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Renata Silva-Mann
- Department of Agronomic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Souza
- Post-Graduation Program in Agriculture and Biodiversity, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Crislaine Costa Calazans
- Post-Graduation Program in Agriculture and Biodiversity, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Montoya C, Kurylec J, Baraniya D, Tripathi A, Puri S, Orrego S. Antifungal Effect of Piezoelectric Charges on PMMA Dentures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4838-4846. [PMID: 34596379 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Candida-associated denture stomatitis is a recurring disease affecting up to 67% of denture wearers. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) remains the main material employed in the fabrication of dentures due to its desirable physical, mechanical, and aesthetic properties. However, the improvement of its antimicrobial properties remains a challenge. To address this need, we developed PMMA composite filled with piezoelectric nanoparticles of barium titanate (BaTiO3) for therapeutic effects. Candida albicans biofilms were cultivated on the surface of the composites under continuous cyclic mechanical loading to activate the piezoelectric charges and to resemble mastication patterns. The interactions between biofilms and biomaterials were evaluated by measuring the biofilm biomass, metabolic activity, and the number of viable cells. To explore the antifungal mechanisms, changes in the expression of genes encoding adhesins and superoxide dismutase were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. With the addition of piezoelectric nanoparticles, we observed a significant reduction in the biofilm formation and interference in the yeast-to-hyphae transition compared to the standard PMMA. Moreover, we observed that the cyclic deformation of biomaterial surfaces without antifungal agents produced increased biomass, metabolic activity, and a number of viable cells compared to the static/no-deformed surfaces. Cyclic deformation appears to be a novel mechanobiological signal that enables pathogenicity and virulence of C. albicans cells with increased expression of the yeast-to-hyphae transition genes. The outcome of this study opens new opportunities for the design of antifungal dentures for improved clinical service and reduced need for cleaning methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Julia Kurylec
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Aparna Tripathi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Sumant Puri
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States.,Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aboualigalehdari E, Tahmasebi Birgani M, Fatahinia M, Hosseinzadeh M. Transcription Factors of CAT1, EFG1, and BCR1 Are Effective in Persister Cells of Candida albicans-Associated HIV-Positive and Chemotherapy Patients. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:651221. [PMID: 34512562 PMCID: PMC8425484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilm is an accumulation of cells, which are formed on mucosal surfaces of the host as well as on medical devices. The inherent resistance of Candida strains producing biofilms to antimicrobial agents is an important and key feature for biofilm growth, which can lead to treatment failure. This resistance is due to the regulatory increase of the output pumps, the presence of extracellular matrix, and the existence of persister cells. Persister cells are phenotypic variants that have MICs similar to antibiotic-sensitive populations and are able to tolerate high doses of antibiotics. The current study investigated the possible role of EFG1, BCR1, and CAT1 in the establishment or maintenance of persister cells in Candida albicans strains that produce biofilms. Methods After identifying Candida isolates by molecular methods, C. albicans isolates were confirmed by sequencing. Isolation of persister cells and determination of their MIC were performed by microdilution method. Then, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed from 60 C. albicans isolates under promoting and inducing conditions. Afterward, the mean expression of BCR1, EFG1, and CAT1 genes in both persister and non-persister groups was calculated using real-time qPCR. Phylogeny tree of persister and non-persister group isolates was drawn using ITS fragment. Results A total of 77 persister isolates were taken from the oral cavity of HIV patients as well as from patients undergoing chemotherapy. Biofilm intensity in persister isolates separated from HIV-infected patients was different from the non-persister group. The mean fold change of BCR1 (10.73), CAT1 (15.34), and EFG1 (2.41) genes in persister isolates was significantly higher than these genes in isolates without persister. Conclusion It can be concluded that the most important factor in the production of persister cells is biofilm binding and production, not biofilm development or mature biofilm production, which was found in the expression of BCR1 gene without change in the expression of EFG1 gene in the persister group. Also, catalase plays an essential role in the production of persister in C. albicans biofilm producers with ROS detoxification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Aboualigalehdari
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Fatahinia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute and Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseinzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alonso GC, Klein MI, Jordão CC, Carmello JC, Pavarina AC. Gene expression of Candida albicans strains isolates from patients with denture stomatitis submitted to treatments with photodynamic therapy and nystatin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102292. [PMID: 33857598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and nystatin (NYS) in the expression of genes (ACT1, ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, EFG1, HWP1, LIP3, PLB1, SAP1, and SOD1) involved in the virulence of Candida albicans strains recovered from patients with denture stomatitis (DS). These strains were isolated from the patients before (initial) and after treatment (final), and 45 days after the treatments (follow-up). For gene expression analyses, RNA was isolated from the clinical strains, followed by cDNA synthesis and qPCR using specific primers for each target gene. The samples that present integrity were pooled to increase the RNA yield. In the end, four patients treated with aPDT and five patients treated with NYS had the clinical isolates of C. albicans submitted to gene expression evaluation. The data demonstrated a statistical difference in the expression of PLB1 and ACT1 for the different therapies (aPDT versus NYS). Also, there was a statistical difference in the expression of CAT1, SOD1, and LIP3 at the time intervals assessed (initial, final, and follow-up). In contrast, no statistical difference was found in the expression of ALS1, HWP1, EFG1, CAP1, CAT1, SOD1, LIP3, and SAP1 between the therapies, while no significant difference was detected at the time intervals evaluated for ALS1, HWP1, EFG1, CAP1, and SAP1. Therefore, the topical treatments for DS with aPDT or NYS did not effect the expression of most C. albicans virulence genes evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Caroline Alonso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Consecutive treatments with photodynamic therapy and nystatin altered the expression of virulence and ergosterol biosynthesis genes of a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vivo. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102155. [PMID: 33444787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This investigation assessed the effect of five consecutive daily topical treatments of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), nystatin (NYS), and an association of treatments on a fluconazole-resistant strain of Candida albicans colonizing the tongues of mice. After the last treatments application, colonies of C. albicans were recovered from the tongues and used to determine their fluconazole susceptibility. After 24 hours of the last treatment, the mice tongues were processed to evaluate the expression of C. albicans genes related to the virulence and ergosterol production. The fluconazole susceptibility test yielded a resistance profile similar for all treatment groups and the control group (no treatment). The treatments aPDT, NYS, NYS+aPDT, and aPDT+NYS promoted a reduction in ALS1, EFG1, CAP1, SOD1, SAP1, and LIP3 expression. The expression of HWP1 was higher in the three groups containing nystatin. In contrast, the treatments produced a significative increase in CAT1 gene expression, mainly in the groups in which aPDT was performed. The expression of genes related to ergosterol production was significantly reduced by the treatments evaluated (aPDT, NYS, NYS+aPDT, and aPDT+NYS). Thus, the consecutive topical treatments performed on mice tongues promoted a reduction in the expression of virulence and ergosterol biosynthesis genes of a fluconazole-resistant C. albicans.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bachtiar BM, Fath T, Widowati R, Bachtiar EW. Quantification and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Denture-Wearing and Nondenture-Wearing Elderly. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:423-428. [PMID: 32542630 PMCID: PMC7440952 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbial loads and pathogenicity traits of oral
Candida albicans
in denture-wearing (DW;
n
= 15) and nondenture-wearing (NDW;
n
= 15) elderly persons.
Materials and Methods
The fungal counts of the saliva, tongue dorsa, and prosthesis-fitting surfaces of the participants were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to compare the quantity and expression of selected
C. albicans
biofilm-associated genes (
ALS3
,
HWP1
, and
YWP1
).
Statistical Analysis
The obtained data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bartlett’s test. When appropriate, the Student’s
t
-test was also used; a value of
p
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
In both groups, the count of
C. albicans
was found to be significantly higher in saliva than in other oral samples. The expression of the hypha-specific genes (
ALS3
and
HWP1
) in the tongue dorsa was higher in the DW group (
p
< 0.05), whereas the transcription level of the yeast-specific gene (
YWP1)
was significantly higher in the NDW group.
Conclusion
Both tongue dorsa and dentures appear to be sharing factors that are important for
C. albicans
biofilm growth in abiotic and biotic oral surfaces of the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Turmidzi Fath
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Universitas Nasional, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Widowati
- Department of Biology, Graduate School, Universitas Nasional, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces gene expression of Candida albicans in biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101825. [PMID: 32445962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether the oxidative stress caused by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) affects the expression of C. albicans genes related to adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HPW1) and oxidative stress response (CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1). The aPDT was mediated by two photosensitizing agents (PSs) Photodithazine® (PDZ at 100 and 200 mg/L) or Curcumin (CUR at 40 and 80 μM) and LED (37.5 J/cm2 or 50 J/cm2). The quantification of the expression was performed by Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) using specific primers for the target genes. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (α = 0.05), followed by Tukey's post-test. It was observed reduction in the expression of ALS1, HWP1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 when aPDT was performed using 200 mg/L PDZ and 80 μM CUR associated to LED (37.7 and 50 J/cm2, respectively) and using 100 mg/L PDZ and 40 μM CUR with LED of 50 J/cm2 (versus control). Also, the expression of CAP1 and SOD1 genes was reduced after aPDT using 100 mg/L PDZ and LED of 37.5 J/cm2. There was a significant reduction in the expression of genes HWP1, CAP1, and SOD1 after aPDT using 40 μM CUR and 37.5 J/cm2 (versus the control group). The application of LED only at 37.5 and 50 J/cm2 promoted down-regulation of ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 genes (versus the control group). Therefore, aPDT mediated by LED -associated PSs PDZ and CUR promoted a reduction in the expression of the five C. albicans genes evaluated.
Collapse
|
15
|
Djais AA, Jemmy, Putri N, Rahmania Putri A, Angky Soekanto S. Description of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Candida albicans biofilms after exposure to propolis dentifrice by using OpenCFU method. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:129-134. [PMID: 32180669 PMCID: PMC7063437 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Dental caries is a major and chronic dental public health problem, which can usually be prevented by regular oral hygiene. The most common oral hygiene practice is brushing teeth with a dentifrice. Propolis has emerged as a promising anti-cariogenic agent, which is considered to be a good oral antiseptic for prevention of caries. Several studies have shown that the use of C has an influence in the growth of oral biofilms. There are several standard methods used to count bacterial colonies, such as crystal violet and CFU Count assays. OpenCFU method is a technique that can be used to calculate biofilm colonies more faster, precisely, and accurately. Aim To compare several methods for evaluating the number of biofilm colonies formed with exposure to a standard dentifrice and propolis. Methods and materials Biofilm assays were carried out on 96-well microplates. Reference strains of oral Streptococcus species (S. mutans ATCC 25175T and S. sanguinis ATCC 10566T) and yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231T) were inoculated into wells, and 200 µL of standard and propolis dentifrice solution were added to each well and incubated for 18 h at 37 °C. Bacteria and yeast were then sub-cultured on respective media and the colony-forming units (CFU) were counted manually. The other wells were stained by crystal violet and incubated for 15 min, followed by observation using an inverted microscope and evaluated using crystal violet analysis and the OpenCFU automated method. Results The numbers of CFUs determined for all strains were similar in the standard-dentifrice group and propolis-dentifrice group, and were similar among the three methods: crystal violet staining, manual CFU count, and OpenCFU analysis. Conclusion OpenCFU analysis can be reliably used as a rapid and a more practical method to analyse the growth of oral microorganism biofilms. However, high digital image quality is required to provide an accurate analysis for colony counting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna A Djais
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Jemmy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nadhifa Putri
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Andin Rahmania Putri
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sri Angky Soekanto
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao F, Niu L, Yan L, Nong J, Wang C, Wang J, Gao N, Zhu X, Wu L, Zheng F, Hu S. Establishment and Application of Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification Coupled With Lateral Flow Biosensor (MCDA-LFB) for Visual and Rapid Detection of Candida albicans in Clinical Samples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:102. [PMID: 31058099 PMCID: PMC6477880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that predominantly causes invasive candidiasis. The conventional diagnosis of C. albicans infection depends on time-consuming, culture-based gold-standard methods. Here, a multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) assay, combined with a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB) visualization method, was developed for the rapid detection of C. albicans. The internal transcribed spacer II, a region between 5.8 and 28 S fungal ribosomal DNA, is a C. albicans species-specific sequence that was used as the MCDA assay target. As an isothermal amplification method, the MCDA reaction with optimized conditions could be completed within only 40 min at a constant temperature (64°C). Then, the amplification reaction products could be visibly detected by a LFB without special equipment. The developed MCDA-LFB assay for C. albicans detection was a specific and accurate method, and could distinguish C. albicans from other pathogens. Just 200 fg of genomic DNA template from pure cultures of C. albicans could be detected using the MCDA-LFB method. The limit of detection (LOD) of the new method was more sensitive than that of both qPCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Of 240 clinical sputum samples, all of the C. albicans-positive (87/240) samples identified by the gold-standard method were successfully detected by the MCDA-LFB assay. Moreover, the true positive rate of the newly developed assay was not only higher than that of qPCR (100 vs. 86.2%), but also higher than that of LAMP (100 vs. 94.3%). Thus, the MCDA-LFB assay might be a simple, specific, and sensitive method for the rapid diagnosis of C. albicans in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Niu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Lifescience, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine Tropical Diseases, Haikou, China.,Hainan Medical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haikou, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqing Nong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Naishu Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shoukui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morse D, Wilson M, Wei X, Bradshaw D, Lewis M, Williams D. Modulation of Candida albicans virulence in in vitro biofilms by oral bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:337-343. [PMID: 30825340 PMCID: PMC6849710 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Candida-associated denture stomatitis presents as erythema of the palatal mucosa and is caused by biofilms containing the fungus Candida albicans that co-reside with oral bacteria on the denture-fitting surface. This study aimed to assess the effect of several frequently encountered oral bacteria on the expression of C. albicans virulence factors in in vitro polymicrobial biofilms. Biofilms containing C. albicans and selected bacterial species were grown on denture acrylic, and analysed by microscopy and by qPCR for expression of putative virulence genes. Candida albicans-only biofilms showed limited hyphal production. Hyphal development was significantly (P < 0·001) increased when biofilms also contained four species of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces viscosus), as was the expression of virulence genes (P < 0·05). Importantly, inclusion of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the biofilm consortium resulted in significant (P < 0·05) inhibition of virulence gene expression and production of hyphae. The in vitro expression of C. albicans virulence factors was modulated in polymicrobial biofilms. The complexity of this modulation was highlighted by the reversal of effects following introduction of a single bacterial species into a biofilm community. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The impact of individual bacterial species on Candida albicans virulence highlights both the complexity of predicting infection mediated by polymicrobial communities and the potential for management through pro- or prebiotic therapy. The possibility to selectively modulate microbial virulence by addition of, or treatment with pro- or prebiotics avoids the use of conventional antimicrobial compounds, thus reducing the contribution to potential drug resistance. Understanding which bacterial species modulate virulence, and the mechanisms by which this occurs, particularly in biofilms, provides excellent foundations for further research questions, and the potential for novel clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D.J. Morse
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - M.J. Wilson
- School of DentistryCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - X. Wei
- School of DentistryCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lobo CIV, Rinaldi TB, Christiano CMS, De Sales Leite L, Barbugli PA, Klein MI. Dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans exhibit more biomass and are mutually beneficial compared with single-species biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1581520. [PMID: 31681463 PMCID: PMC6807867 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1581520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Candida albicans (Ca) are found in biofilms of early childhood caries. Objective: To characterize in vitro dual- and single-species biofilms of Sm and Ca formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs in the presence of sucrose. Design: Evaluation of biofilms included biochemical [biomass, proteins, matrix’s water-soluble (WSP) and alkali-soluble (ASP) polysaccharides, microbiological, 3D structure, gene expression, and stress tolerance analyses. Results: Biomass and proteins were higher for dual-species and lower for Ca (p = 0.001). Comparison of Sm single- and dual-species biofilms revealed no significant difference in Sm numbers or quantity of WSP (p > 0.05). Dual-species biofilms contained a higher population of Ca (p < 0.001). The quantity of ASP was higher in dual-species biofilms (vs Ca single-species biofilms; p = 0.002). The 3D structure showed larger microcolonies and distinct distribution of Sm-derived exopolysaccharides in dual-species biofilms. Compared with dual-species biofilms, expression of gtfB (ASP) and nox1 (oxidative stress) was higher for single-species of Sm whilst expression of BGL2 (matrix), PHR1 (matrix, acid tolerance) and SOD1 (oxidative stress) was higher in single-species of Ca. There was no difference for acid tolerance genes (Sm atpD and Ca PHR2), which was confirmed by acid tolerance challenge. Dual-species biofilms were more tolerant to oxidative and antimicrobial stresses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dual-species biofilms present greater 3D complexity, thereby, making them more resistant to stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmélia Isabel Vitorino Lobo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Talita Baptista Rinaldi
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Luana De Sales Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|