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Wang Y, Lilienfeldt N, Hekimi S. Understanding coenzyme Q. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1533-1610. [PMID: 38722242 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, comprises a benzoquinone head group and a long isoprenoid side chain. It is thus extremely hydrophobic and resides in membranes. It is best known for its complex function as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) but is also required for several other crucial cellular processes. In fact, CoQ appears to be central to the entire redox balance of the cell. Remarkably, its structure and therefore its properties have not changed from bacteria to vertebrates. In metazoans, it is synthesized in all cells and is found in most, and maybe all, biological membranes. CoQ is also known as a nutritional supplement, mostly because of its involvement with antioxidant defenses. However, whether there is any health benefit from oral consumption of CoQ is not well established. Here we review the function of CoQ as a redox-active molecule in the ETC and other enzymatic systems, its role as a prooxidant in reactive oxygen species generation, and its separate involvement in antioxidant mechanisms. We also review CoQ biosynthesis, which is particularly complex because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as well as the biological consequences of primary and secondary CoQ deficiency, including in human patients. Primary CoQ deficiency is a rare inborn condition due to mutation in CoQ biosynthetic genes. Secondary CoQ deficiency is much more common, as it accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders as well as aging. In this context, we discuss the importance, but also the great difficulty, of alleviating CoQ deficiency by CoQ supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noah Lilienfeldt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Gao R, Wang J, Huang J, Wang T, Guo L, Liu W, Guan J, Liang D, Meng Q, Pan H. FSP1-mediated ferroptosis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Apoptosis 2024; 29:1019-1037. [PMID: 38615304 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new discovered regulated cell death triggered by the ferrous ion (Fe2+)-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides associated with cancer and many other diseases. The mechanism of ferroptosis includes oxidation systems (such as enzymatic oxidation and free radical oxidation) and antioxidant systems (such as GSH/GPX4, CoQ10/FSP1, BH4/GCH1 and VKORC1L1/VK). Among them, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), as a crucial regulatory factor in the antioxidant system, has shown a crucial role in ferroptosis. FSP1 has been well validated to ferroptosis in three ways, and a variety of intracellular factors and drug molecules can alleviate ferroptosis via FSP1, which has been demonstrated to alter the sensitivity and effectiveness of cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This review aims to provide important frameworks that, bring the regulation of FSP1 mediated ferroptosis into cancer therapies on the basis of existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinge Wang
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenlu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Desen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huayang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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3
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Liao M, He X, Zhou Y, Peng W, Zhao XM, Jiang M. Coenzyme Q10 in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176481. [PMID: 38493916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease is a chronic disease that predominantly affects the elderly and is the most common cause of cardiovascular death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is closely related to processes such as abnormal lipid transport and metabolism, impaired endothelial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a key component of complex Ⅰ in the electron transport chain and an important endogenous antioxidant that may play a role in decelerating the progression of atherosclerosis. Here, the different forms of CoQ10 presence in the electron transport chain are reviewed, as well as its physiological role in regulating processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and cellular autophagy. It was also found that CoQ10 plays beneficial effects in atherosclerosis by mitigating lipid transportation, endothelial inflammation, metabolic abnormalities, and thrombotic processes from the perspectives of molecular mechanisms, animal experiments, and clinical evidence. Besides, the combined use of CoQ10 with other drugs has better synergistic therapeutic effects. It seems reasonable to suggest that CoQ10 could be used in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases while more basic and clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xueke He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhao
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China.
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4
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Liu Z, Zhang H, Hong G, Bi X, Hu J, Zhang T, An Y, Guo N, Dong F, Xiao Y, Li W, Zhao X, Chu B, Guo S, Zhang X, Chai R, Fu X. Inhibition of Gpx4-mediated ferroptosis alleviates cisplatin-induced hearing loss in C57BL/6 mice. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1387-1406. [PMID: 38414247 PMCID: PMC11081921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced hearing loss is a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy in clinics; however, the mechanism of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is still not completely clarified. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is mainly associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, activation of apoptosis, and accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxidation, which also is involved in ferroptosis induction. In this study, the expression of TfR1, a ferroptosis biomarker, was upregulated in the outer hair cells of cisplatin-treated mice. Moreover, several key ferroptosis regulator genes were altered in cisplatin-damaged cochlear explants based on RNA sequencing, implying the induction of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis-related Gpx4 and Fsp1 knockout mice were established to investigate the specific mechanisms associated with ferroptosis in cochleae. Severe outer hair cell loss and progressive damage of synapses in inner hair cells were observed in Atoh1-Gpx4-/- mice. However, Fsp1-/- mice showed no significant hearing phenotype, demonstrating that Gpx4, but not Fsp1, may play an important role in the functional maintenance of HCs. Moreover, findings showed that FDA-approved luteolin could specifically inhibit ferroptosis and alleviate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity through decreased expression of transferrin and intracellular concentration of ferrous ions. This study indicated that ferroptosis inhibition through the reduction of intracellular ferrous ions might be a potential strategy to prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cisplatin/adverse effects
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Ferroptosis/genetics
- Mice
- Hearing Loss/chemically induced
- Hearing Loss/genetics
- Hearing Loss/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/pathology
- Ototoxicity/etiology
- Ototoxicity/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Apoptosis/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Hanbing Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guodong Hong
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Xiuli Bi
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yachun An
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Na Guo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Fengyue Dong
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wen Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Bo Chu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Siwei Guo
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; Southeast University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518063, China.
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China.
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5
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de Carvalho RL, Wood JM, Almeida RG, Berry NG, da Silva Júnior EN, Bower JF. The Synthesis and Reactivity of Naphthoquinonynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400188. [PMID: 38445547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The first systematic exploration of the synthesis and reactivity of naphthoquinonynes is described. Routes to two regioisomeric Kobayashi-type naphthoquinonyne precursors have been developed, and the reactivity of the ensuing 6,7- and 5,6-aryne intermediates has been investigated. Remarkably, these studies have revealed that a broad range of cycloadditions, nucleophile additions and difunctionalizations can be achieved while maintaining the integrity of the highly sensitive quinone unit. The methodologies offer a powerful diversity oriented approach to C6 and C7 functionalized naphthoquinones, which are typically challenging to access. From a reactivity viewpoint, the study is significant because it demonstrates that aryne-based functionalizations can be utilized strategically in the presence of highly reactive and directly competing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L de Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, 31270-901, Belo, Horizonte - MG, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - James M Wood
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Renata G Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, 31270-901, Belo, Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, 31270-901, Belo, Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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6
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Vargas-Pérez MDLÁ, Devos DP, López-Lluch G. An AlphaFold Structure Analysis of COQ2 as Key a Component of the Coenzyme Q Synthesis Complex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38671943 PMCID: PMC11047366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipidic compound that is widely distributed in nature, with crucial functions in metabolism, protection against oxidative damage and ferroptosis and other processes. CoQ biosynthesis is a conserved and complex pathway involving several proteins. COQ2 is a member of the UbiA family of transmembrane prenyltransferases that catalyzes the condensation of the head and tail precursors of CoQ, which is a key step in the process, because its product is the first intermediate that will be modified in the head by the next components of the synthesis process. Mutations in this protein have been linked to primary CoQ deficiency in humans, a rare disease predominantly affecting organs with a high energy demand. The reaction catalyzed by COQ2 and its mechanism are still unknown. Here, we aimed at clarifying the COQ2 reaction by exploring possible substrate binding sites using a strategy based on homology, comprising the identification of available ligand-bound homologs with solved structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and their subsequent structural superposition in the AlphaFold predicted model for COQ2. The results highlight some residues located on the central cavity or the matrix loops that may be involved in substrate interaction, some of which are mutated in primary CoQ deficiency patients. Furthermore, we analyze the structural modifications introduced by the pathogenic mutations found in humans. These findings shed new light on the understanding of COQ2's function and, thus, CoQ's biosynthesis and the pathogenicity of primary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Vargas-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Damien Paul Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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7
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Feng J, Wang ZX, Bin JL, Chen YX, Ma J, Deng JH, Huang XW, Zhou J, Lu GD. Pharmacological approaches for targeting lysosomes to induce ferroptotic cell death in cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216728. [PMID: 38431036 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are crucial organelles responsible for the degradation of cytosolic materials and bulky organelles, thereby facilitating nutrient recycling and cell survival. However, lysosome also acts as an executioner of cell death, including ferroptosis, a distinctive form of regulated cell death that hinges on iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. The initiation of ferroptosis necessitates three key components: substrates (membrane phospholipids enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids), triggers (redox-active irons), and compromised defence mechanisms (GPX4-dependent and -independent antioxidant systems). Notably, iron assumes a pivotal role in ferroptotic cell death, particularly in the context of cancer, where iron and oncogenic signaling pathways reciprocally reinforce each other. Given the lysosomes' central role in iron metabolism, various strategies have been devised to harness lysosome-mediated iron metabolism to induce ferroptosis. These include the re-mobilization of iron from intracellular storage sites such as ferritin complex and mitochondria through ferritinophagy and mitophagy, respectively. Additionally, transcriptional regulation of lysosomal and autophagy genes by TFEB enhances lysosomal function. Moreover, the induction of lysosomal iron overload can lead to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent cell death. Extensive screening and individually studies have explored pharmacological interventions using clinically available drugs and phytochemical agents. Furthermore, a drug delivery system involving ferritin-coated nanoparticles has been specifically tailored to target cancer cells overexpressing TFRC. With the rapid advancements in understandings the mechanistic underpinnings of ferroptosis and iron metabolism, it is increasingly evident that lysosomes represent a promising target for inducing ferroptosis and combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Feng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jin-Lian Bin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China
| | - Yong-Xin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530200, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530200, PR China
| | - Jing-Huan Deng
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China.
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8
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Martins Pinto M, Ransac S, Mazat JP, Schwartz L, Rigoulet M, Arbault S, Paumard P, Devin A. Mitochondrial quinone redox states as a marker of mitochondrial metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149033. [PMID: 38368917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and thus cellular energetics are highly regulated both thermodynamically and kinetically. Cellular energetics is of prime importance in the regulation of cellular functions since it provides ATP for their accomplishment. However, cellular energetics is not only about ATP production but also about the ability to re-oxidize reduced coenzymes at a proper rate, such that the cellular redox potential remains at a level compatible with enzymatic reactions. However, this parameter is not only difficult to assess due to its dual compartmentation (mitochondrial and cytosolic) but also because it is well known that most NADH in the cells is bound to the enzymes. In this paper, we investigated the potential relevance of mitochondrial quinones redox state as a marker of mitochondrial metabolism and more particularly mitochondrial redox state. We were able to show that Q2 is an appropriate redox mediator to assess the mitochondrial quinone redox states. On isolated mitochondria, the mitochondrial quinone redox states depend on the mitochondrial substrate and the mitochondrial energetic state (phosphorylating or not phosphorylating). Last but not least, we show that the quinones redox state response allows to better understand the Krebs cycle functioning and respiratory substrates oxidation. Taken together, our results suggest that the quinones redox state is an excellent marker of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martins Pinto
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Ransac
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - J P Mazat
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - L Schwartz
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - M Rigoulet
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Arbault
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - P Paumard
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Devin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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9
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Zhao Z, Li H, Gao X. Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2651-2698. [PMID: 38157216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Progress in microwave (MW) energy application technology has stimulated remarkable advances in manufacturing and high-quality applications of ionic liquids (ILs) that are generally used as novel media in chemical engineering. This Review focuses on an emerging technology via the combination of MW energy and the usage of ILs, termed microwave-assisted ionic liquid (MAIL) technology. In comparison to conventional routes that rely on heat transfer through media, the contactless and unique MW heating exploits the electromagnetic wave-ions interactions to deliver energy to IL molecules, accelerating the process of material synthesis, catalytic reactions, and so on. In addition to the inherent advantages of ILs, including outstanding solubility, and well-tuned thermophysical properties, MAIL technology has exhibited great potential in process intensification to meet the requirement of efficient, economic chemical production. Here we start with an introduction to principles of MW heating, highlighting fundamental mechanisms of MW induced process intensification based on ILs. Next, the synergies of MW energy and ILs employed in materials synthesis, as well as their merits, are documented. The emerging applications of MAIL technologies are summarized in the next sections, involving tumor therapy, organic catalysis, separations, and bioconversions. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of this emerging technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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10
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Dominiak K, Galganski L, Budzinska A, Jarmuszkiewicz W. Coenzyme Q deficiency in endothelial mitochondria caused by hypoxia; remodeling of the respiratory chain and sensitivity to anoxia/reoxygenation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:158-170. [PMID: 38364943 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of hypoxia on coenzyme Q (Q) levels and mitochondrial function in EA. hy926 endothelial cells, shedding light on their responses to changes in oxygen levels. Chronic hypoxia during endothelial cell culture reduced Q synthesis by reducing hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) levels via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), leading to severe Q deficiency. In endothelial mitochondria, hypoxia led to reorganization of the respiratory chain through upregulation of supercomplexes (I+III2+IV), forming a complete mitochondrial Q (mQ)-mediated electron transfer pathway. Mitochondria of endothelial cells cultured under hypoxic conditions showed reduced respiratory rates and membrane potential, as well as increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) as a result of increased mQ reduction levels (mQH2/mQtot). Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) in vitro caused impairment of endothelial mitochondria, manifested by reduced maximal respiration, complex III activity, membrane potential, coupling parameters, and increased mQ reduction and mROS production. Weaker A/R-induced changes compared to control mitochondria indicated better tolerance of A/R stress by the mitochondria of hypoxic cells. Moreover, in endothelial mitochondria, hypoxia-induced increases in uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and mitochondrial large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) levels and activities appear to have alleviated reoxygenation injury after A/R. These results not only highlight hypoxia-induced changes in mQ redox homeostasis and related mitochondrial function, but also indicate that chronic hypoxia during endothelial cell culture leads to mitochondrial adaptations that help mitochondria better withstand subsequent oxygen fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dominiak
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Galganski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Budzinska
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
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11
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Gawargi FI, Mishra PK. Ironing out the details: ferroptosis and its relevance to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R665-R681. [PMID: 37746707 PMCID: PMC11178299 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00117.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified myocardial cell death mechanism driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The presence of elevated intramyocardial lipid levels and excessive iron in patients with diabetes suggest a predominant role of ferroptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. As myocardial cell death is a precursor of heart failure, and intensive glycemic control cannot abate the increased risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes, targeting myocardial cell death via ferroptosis is a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent and/or treat diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review provides updated and comprehensive molecular mechanisms underpinning ferroptosis, clarifies several misconceptions about ferroptosis, emphasizes the importance of ferroptosis in diabetes-induced myocardial cell death, and offers valuable approaches to evaluate and target ferroptosis in the diabetic heart. Furthermore, basic concepts and ideas presented in this review, including glutathione peroxidase-4-independent and mitochondrial mechanisms of ferroptosis, are also important for investigating ferroptosis in other diabetic organs, as well as nondiabetic and metabolically compromised hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flobater I Gawargi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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12
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Shan Z, Tang W, Shi Z, Shan T. Ferroptosis: An Emerging Target for Bladder Cancer Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8201-8214. [PMID: 37886960 PMCID: PMC10605744 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC), as one of the main urological cancers in the world, possesses the abilities of multiple-drug resistance and metastasis. However, there remains a significant gap in the understanding and advancement of prognosis and therapeutic strategies for BC. Ferroptosis, a novel type of iron-dependent regulated cell death, depends on lipid peroxidation, which has been proven to have a strong correlation with the development and treatment of BC. Its mechanism mainly includes three pathways, namely, lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant system, and the iron overload pathway. In this review, we reviewed the mechanism of ferroptosis, along with the related therapeutic targets and drugs for BC, as it might become a new anticancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Shan
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Wenbin Tang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Tao Shan
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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13
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Nyariki JN, Kimani NM, Kibet PS, Kinuthia GK, Isaac AO. Coenzyme Q10 exhibits anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory thereby decelerating the occurrence of experimental cerebral malaria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 255:111579. [PMID: 37385350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Malaria (CM) is associated with the complex neurological syndrome, whose pathology is mediated by severe inflammatory processes following infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Coenzyme-Q10 (Co-Q10) is a potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent with numerous clinical applications. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of oral administration of Co-Q10 on the initiation or regulation of inflammatory immune response during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). For this purpose, the pre-clinical effect of Co-Q10 was evaluated in C57BL/6 J mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). Treatment with Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltrating parasite load, greatly improved the survival rate of PbA-infected mice that occurred independent of parasitaemia and prevented PbA-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltration of effector CD8 + T cells in the brain and secretion of cytolytic Granzyme B molecules. Notably, Co-Q10-treated mice had reduced levels of CD8 +T cell chemokines CXCR3, CCR2, and CCR5 in the brain following PbA-infection. Brain tissue analysis showed a reduction in the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF- α, CCL3, and RANTES in Co-Q10 administered mice. In addition, Co-Q10 modulated the differentiation and maturation of both splenic and brain dendritic cells and cross-presentation (CD8α+DCs) during ECM. Remarkably, Co-Q10 was very effective in decreasing levels of CD86, MHC-II, and CD40 in macrophages associated with ECM pathology. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in increased expression levels of Arginase-1 and Ym1/chitinase 3-like 3, which is linked to ECM protection. Furthermore, Co-Q10 supplementation prevented PbA-induced depletion of Arginase and CD206 mannose receptor levels. Co-Q10 abrogated PbA-driven elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6 levels. In conclusion, the oral supplementation with Co-Q10 decelerates the occurrence of ECM by preventing lethal inflammatory immune responses and dampening genes associated with inflammation and immune-pathology during ECM, and offers an inimitable opening for developing an anti-inflammatory agent against cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical of University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Njogu M Kimani
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, P.O Box 6-60100 Embu, Kenya
| | - Peter Shikuku Kibet
- Department of Pathology, Hematology and Blood Transfusion thematic unit, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey K Kinuthia
- Department of Science & Public Health, Daystar University, PO Box 44400-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, School Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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14
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Mitochondrial Genetic Background May Impact Statins Side Effects and Atherosclerosis Development in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010471. [PMID: 36613915 PMCID: PMC9820128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heredity of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) can present as a dominant monogenic disorder of polygenic origin or with no known genetic cause. In addition, the variability of the symptoms among individuals or within the same families evidence the potential contribution of additional factors than monogenic mutations that could modulate the development and severity of the disease. In addition, statins, the lipid-lowering drugs which constitute the first-line therapy for the disease, cause associated muscular symptoms in a certain number of individuals. Here, we analyze the evidence of the mitochondrial genetic variation with a special emphasis on the role of CoQ10 to explain this variability found in both disease symptoms and statins side effects. We propose to use mtDNA variants and copy numbers as markers for the cardiovascular disease development of FH patients and to predict potential statin secondary effects and explore new mechanisms to identify new markers of disease or implement personalized medicine strategies for FH therapy.
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15
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A Comparative Study on the Reduction Modes for Quinone to Determine Ubiquinone by HPLC with Luminol Chemiluminescence Detection Based on the Redox Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010096. [PMID: 36615292 PMCID: PMC9822024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ) is considered one of the important biologically active molecules in the human body. Ubiquinone determination in human plasma is important for the investigation of its bioavailability, and also its plasma level is considered an indicator of many illnesses. We have previously developed sensitive and selective chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of UQ in human plasma based on its redox cycle with dithiothreitol (DTT) and luminol. However, this method requires an additional pump to deliver DTT as a post-column reagent and has the problems of high DTT consumption and broadening of the UQ peak due to online mixing with DTT. Herein, an HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) system equipped with two types of online reduction systems (electrolytic flow cell or platinum catalyst-packed reduction column) that play the role of DTT was constructed to reduce reagent consumption and simplify the system. The newly proposed two methods were carefully optimized and validated, and the analytical performance for UQ determination was compared with that of the conventional DTT method. Among the tested systems, the electrolytic reduction system showed ten times higher sensitivity than the DTT method, with a limit of detection of 3.1 nM. In addition, it showed a better chromatographic performance and the best peak shape with a number of theoretical plates exceeding 6500. Consequently, it was applied to the determination of UQ in healthy human plasma, and it showed good recovery (≥97.9%) and reliable precision (≤6.8%) without any interference from plasma components.
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16
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Manicki M, Aydin H, Abriata LA, Overmyer KA, Guerra RM, Coon JJ, Dal Peraro M, Frost A, Pagliarini DJ. Structure and functionality of a multimeric human COQ7:COQ9 complex. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4307-4323.e10. [PMID: 36306796 PMCID: PMC10058641 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox-active lipid essential for core metabolic pathways and antioxidant defense. CoQ is synthesized upon the mitochondrial inner membrane by an ill-defined "complex Q" metabolon. Here, we present structure-function analyses of a lipid-, substrate-, and NADH-bound complex comprising two complex Q subunits: the hydroxylase COQ7 and the lipid-binding protein COQ9. We reveal that COQ7 adopts a ferritin-like fold with a hydrophobic channel whose substrate-binding capacity is enhanced by COQ9. Using molecular dynamics, we further show that two COQ7:COQ9 heterodimers form a curved tetramer that deforms the membrane, potentially opening a pathway for the CoQ intermediates to translocate from the bilayer to the proteins' lipid-binding sites. Two such tetramers assemble into a soluble octamer with a pseudo-bilayer of lipids captured within. Together, these observations indicate that COQ7 and COQ9 cooperate to access hydrophobic precursors within the membrane and coordinate subsequent synthesis steps toward producing CoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Manicki
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Halil Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub and Altos Labs Bay Area Institute of Science, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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17
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Braasch-Turi MM, Koehn JT, Crans DC. Chemistry of Lipoquinones: Properties, Synthesis, and Membrane Location of Ubiquinones, Plastoquinones, and Menaquinones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12856. [PMID: 36361645 PMCID: PMC9656164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoquinones are the topic of this review and are a class of hydrophobic lipid molecules with key biological functions that are linked to their structure, properties, and location within a biological membrane. Ubiquinones, plastoquinones, and menaquinones vary regarding their quinone headgroup, isoprenoid sidechain, properties, and biological functions, including the shuttling of electrons between membrane-bound protein complexes within the electron transport chain. Lipoquinones are highly hydrophobic molecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in aqueous solution, causing obstacles in water-based assays that measure their chemical properties, enzyme activities and effects on cell growth. Little is known about the location and ultimately movement of lipoquinones in the membrane, and these properties are topics described in this review. Computational studies are particularly abundant in the recent years in this area, and there is far less experimental evidence to verify the often conflicting interpretations and conclusions that result from computational studies of very different membrane model systems. Some recent experimental studies have described using truncated lipoquinone derivatives, such as ubiquinone-2 (UQ-2) and menaquinone-2 (MK-2), to investigate their conformation, their location in the membrane, and their biological function. Truncated lipoquinone derivatives are soluble in water-based assays, and hence can serve as excellent analogs for study even though they are more mobile in the membrane than the longer chain counterparts. In this review, we will discuss the properties, location in the membrane, and syntheses of three main classes of lipoquinones including truncated derivatives. Our goal is to highlight the importance of bridging the gap between experimental and computational methods and to incorporate properties-focused considerations when proposing future studies relating to the function of lipoquinones in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan T. Koehn
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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18
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Stockwell BR. Ferroptosis turns 10: Emerging mechanisms, physiological functions, and therapeutic applications. Cell 2022; 185:2401-2421. [PMID: 35803244 PMCID: PMC9273022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 428.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, was identified as a distinct phenomenon and named a decade ago. Ferroptosis has been implicated in a broad set of biological contexts, from development to aging, immunity, and cancer. This review describes key regulators of this form of cell death within a framework of metabolism, ROS biology, and iron biology. Key concepts and major unanswered questions in the ferroptosis field are highlighted. The next decade promises to yield further breakthroughs in the mechanisms governing ferroptosis and additional ways of harnessing ferroptosis for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York NY USA,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York NY USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York NY USA,Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York NY USA,Correspondence:
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19
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that is triggered by the toxic build-up of lipid peroxides on cellular membranes. In recent years, ferroptosis has garnered enormous interest in cancer research communities, partly because it is a unique cell death modality that is mechanistically and morphologically different from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, and therefore holds great potential for cancer therapy. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of ferroptosis-inducing and ferroptosis defence mechanisms, dissect the roles and mechanisms of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and tumour immunity, conceptualize the diverse vulnerabilities of cancer cells to ferroptosis, and explore therapeutic strategies for targeting ferroptosis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Arjun V, Kumar P, Dutt R, Kumar A, Bala R, Verma N, Jerome A, Virmani M, Patil CS, Bhardwaj S, Kumar D, Yadav PS. Effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant on the regulation of the mitochondrial function of sperm during cryopreservation. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14431. [PMID: 35451101 DOI: 10.1111/and.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm mitochondrion is one of the major susceptible organelles that get damaged during cryopreservation. The study aimed to minimize mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress during sperm cryopreservation using mitochondria-specific antioxidants. For this, semen was collected from five buffalo bulls (3 ejaculates/bull). The ejaculates were diluted in an low-density lipoprotein-based extender and divided into four equal aliquots. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) was added at a final concentration of 0 (control), 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μM separately in each aliquotes and cryopreserved. The addition of MitoQ at a concentration of 0.02 μM improved post-thaw sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and able to sustain sperm motility for a longer time. To investigate MitoQ's effects on mitochondrial function, we measured mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using JC-1 dye, superoxide production using Mitosox assay, and lipid peroxidation by TBARS assay. The supplementation of 0.02 μM MitoQ in the extender prevented the significant reduction of MMP and reduced superoxide production resulting in lower lipid peroxidation of sperm plasma membrane after cryopreservation. Further, we found that a higher concentration of MitoQ decreases MMP and increases mitochondrial superoxide production. In conclusion, MitoQ @ 0.02 μM can alleviate oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial functionality in spermatozoa during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshappa Arjun
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ravi Dutt
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Bala
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Verma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Andonissamy Jerome
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Virmani
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Patil
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Shivani Bhardwaj
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Prem Singh Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
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21
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Quinone binding sites of cyt bc complexes analysed by X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:877-893. [PMID: 35356963 PMCID: PMC9162462 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome (cyt) bc1, bcc and b6f complexes, collectively referred to as cyt bc complexes, are homologous isoprenoid quinol oxidising enzymes present in diverse phylogenetic lineages. Cyt bc1 and bcc complexes are constituents of the electron transport chain (ETC) of cellular respiration, and cyt b6f complex is a component of the photosynthetic ETC. Cyt bc complexes share in general the same Mitchellian Q cycle mechanism, with which they accomplish proton translocation and thus contribute to the generation of proton motive force which drives ATP synthesis. They therefore require a quinol oxidation (Qo) and a quinone reduction (Qi) site. Yet, cyt bc complexes evolved to adapt to specific electrochemical properties of different quinone species and exhibit structural diversity. This review summarises structural information on native quinones and quinone-like inhibitors bound in cyt bc complexes resolved by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM structures. Although the Qi site architecture of cyt bc1 complex and cyt bcc complex differs considerably, quinone molecules were resolved at the respective Qi sites in very similar distance to haem bH. In contrast, more diverse positions of native quinone molecules were resolved at Qo sites, suggesting multiple quinone binding positions or captured snapshots of trajectories toward the catalytic site. A wide spectrum of inhibitors resolved at Qo or Qi site covers fungicides, antimalarial and antituberculosis medications and drug candidates. The impact of these structures for characterising the Q cycle mechanism, as well as their relevance for the development of medications and agrochemicals are discussed.
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22
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Pei Y, Qian Y, Wang H, Tan L. Epigenetic Regulation of Ferroptosis-Associated Genes and Its Implication in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:771870. [PMID: 35174081 PMCID: PMC8841808 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.771870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an evolutionarily conserved form of regulated cell death triggered by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis contributes to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions while its aberration is tightly connected with lots of pathophysiological processes such as acute tissue injury, chronic degenerative disease, and tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation controls chromatin structure and gene expression by writing/reading/erasing the covalent modifications on DNA, histone, and RNA, without altering the DNA sequence. Accumulating evidences suggest that epigenetic regulation is involved in the determination of cellular vulnerability to ferroptosis. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the epigenetic mechanisms that control the expression of ferroptosis-associated genes and thereby the ferroptosis process. Moreover, the potential value of epigenetic drugs in targeting or synergizing ferroptosis during cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Pei
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Qian
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Tan, ; Hao Wang,
| | - Li Tan
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Tan, ; Hao Wang,
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23
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Pallotti F, Bergamini C, Lamperti C, Fato R. The Roles of Coenzyme Q in Disease: Direct and Indirect Involvement in Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:128. [PMID: 35008564 PMCID: PMC8745647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the toxic effect of free radicals, it is a component of LDL, it is involved in the aging process, and its deficiency is linked to several diseases. Recently, it has been proposed that coenzyme Q contributes to suppressing ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we report the latest hypotheses and theories analyzing the multiple functions of coenzyme Q. The complete knowledge of the various cellular CoQ functions is essential to provide a rational basis for its possible therapeutic use, not only in diseases characterized by primary CoQ deficiency, but also in large number of diseases in which its secondary deficiency has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pallotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- SSD Laboratorio Analisi-SMEL Specializzato in Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Settelaghi-Ospedale di Circolo-Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- UO Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Romana Fato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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24
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Yu TJ, Liu YY, Li XG, Lian B, Lu XX, Jin X, Shao ZM, Hu X, Di GH, Jiang YZ. PDSS1-Mediated Activation of CAMK2A-STAT3 Signaling Promotes Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5491-5505. [PMID: 34408002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic alterations are crucial for the development and progression of human cancers. Copy-number gains found in genes encoding metabolic enzymes may induce triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) adaptation. However, little is known about how metabolic enzymes regulate TNBC metastasis. Using our previously constructed multiomic profiling of a TNBC cohort, we identified decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1 (PDSS1) as an essential gene for TNBC metastasis. PDSS1 expression was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and was positively associated with poor survival among patients with TNBC. PDSS1 knockdown inhibited TNBC cell migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. Mechanistically, PDSS1, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, positively regulated the cellular level of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and intracellular calcium levels, thereby inducing CAMK2A phosphorylation, which is essential for STAT3 phosphorylation in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylated STAT3 entered the nucleus, promoting oncogenic STAT3 signaling and TNBC metastasis. STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitors (e.g., Stattic) effectively blocked PDSS1-induced cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of targeting the previously uncharacterized PDSS1/CAMK2A/STAT3 oncogenic signaling axis, expanding the repertoire of precision medicine in TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel metabolic gene PDSS1 is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and contributes to metastasis, serving as a potential therapeutic target for combating metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jian Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bi Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Xi Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Hong Di
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
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25
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Fan H, Liu Y, Li CY, Jiang Y, Song JJ, Yang L, Zhao Q, Hu YH, Chen XY, Xu JJ. Engineering high coenzyme Q 10 tomato. Metab Eng 2021; 68:86-93. [PMID: 34555495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is vital for energy metabolism in living organisms. In humans, CoQ10 deficiency causes diseases and must be replenished via diet; however, CoQ content in plant foods is primarily low. Here, we report the breeding of high CoQ10 tomato lines by expressing four enzymes with a fruit-specific promoter, which modifies the chloroplast chorismate pathway, enhances cytosolic isoprenoid biosynthesis, and up-regulates the first two reactions in mitochondrion that construct the CoQ10 polyisoprenoid tail. We show that, while the level of the aromatic precursor could be markedly elevated, head group prenylation is the key to increasing the final CoQ10 yield. In the HUCD lines expressing all four transgenes, the highest CoQ10 content (0.15 mg/g dry weight) shows a seven-fold increase from the wild-type level and reaches an extraordinarily rich CoQ10 food grade. Overviewing the changes in other terpenoids by transcriptome and metabolic analyses reveals variable contents of carotenoids and α-tocopherol in the HUCD lines. In addition to the enigmatic relations among different terpenoid pathways, high CoQ10 plants maintaining substantial levels of either vitamin can be selected. Our investigation paves the way for the development of CoQ10-enriched crops as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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26
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Wang X, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Hippocampal-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189902. [PMID: 34576065 PMCID: PMC8472822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly recognized type of cell death that is different from traditional forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. It is caused by the accumulation of intracellular iron, promoting lipid peroxidation and leading to cell death. Iron is essential as a redox metal in several physiological functions. The brain is one of the organs known to be affected by iron homeostatic balance disruption. An increased concentration of iron in the central nervous system has been associated with oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation of proteins, and cell death. The hippocampus is an important brain region for learning, memory, and emotional responses, and is also a sensitive part of the brain to the dysfunctional homeostasis of transition metals. Damage of hippocampal structure and function are intimately involved in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, ferroptosis is playing an increasingly important role in treatment areas of central nervous system diseases. Thus, we provide an overview of ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms, such as lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and iron metabolism in this review. We also highlight the role of ferroptosis in hippocampal-related diseases and investigate a theoretical basis for further research on the role of ferroptosis in nervous system disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yaoxing Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733778; Fax: +86-10-62733199
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27
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Minimal mitochondrial respiration is required to prevent cell death by inhibition of mTOR signaling in CoQ-deficient cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:201. [PMID: 34349107 PMCID: PMC8338951 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipid-like mobile electron transporter of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Patients with partial loss-of-function mutations in the CoQ biosynthesis pathway suffer from partial primary CoQ deficiency (MIM 607426). This leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which presents like mitochondrial disease syndrome (MDS). In addition, many other conditions, including MDS itself, lead to secondary CoQ deficiency. We sought to identify drugs that can alleviate the consequences of the mitochondrial dysfunction that is associated with CoQ deficiency. Loss of the CoQ-biosynthetic enzyme COQ7 prevents CoQ synthesis but leads to the accumulation of the biosynthetic intermediate demethoxyubiquinone (DMQ). Coq7-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) die when rapid ATP generation from glycolysis is prevented. We screened for drugs that could rescue cell death under these conditions. All compounds that were identified inhibit mTOR signaling. In the CoQ-deficient cells, the beneficial action mTOR inhibition appears to be mediated by inhibition of protein translation rather than by stimulation of autophagy. We further studied the Coq7-knockout cells to better determine under which conditions mTOR inhibition could be beneficial. We established that Coq7-knockout cells remain capable of a low level of mitochondrial respiration mediated by DMQ. To obtain more profound mitochondrial dysfunction, we created double-knockout mutant MEFs lacking both Coq7, as well as Pdss2, which is required for sidechain synthesis. These cells make neither CoQ nor DMQ, and their extremely small residual respiration depends on uptake of CoQ from the culture medium. Although these cells are healthy in the presence of sufficient glucose for glycolysis and do not require uridine or pyruvate supplementation, mTOR inhibitors were unable to prevent their death in the absence of sufficient glycolysis. We conclude that, for reasons that remain to be elucidated, the energy-sparing benefits of the inhibition of mTOR signaling require a minimally functional respiratory chain.
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28
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Wang F, Sheng H, Li W, Gerken JB, Jin S, Stahl SS. Stable Tetrasubstituted Quinone Redox Reservoir for Enhancing Decoupled Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021; 6:1533-1539. [PMID: 34017916 PMCID: PMC8130882 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Redox reservoirs (RRs) may be used to decouple the two half-reactions of water electrolysis, enabling spatial and temporal separation of hydrogen and oxygen evolution. Organic RRs are appealing candidates for this application; however, their instability limits their utility. Here, we show that a tetrathioether-substituted quinone, tetramercaptopropanesulfonate quinone (TMQ), exhibits significantly enhanced stability relative to anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate (AQDS), the most effective organic RR reported previously. The enhanced stability, confirmed by symmetric flow battery experiments under relevant conditions, enables stable electrochemical production of H2 and O2 in a continuous flow electrolysis cell. The reduced RR, tetramercaptopropanesulfonate hydroquinone (TMHQ), is not susceptible to decomposition, while the oxidized state, TMQ, undergoes slow decomposition, evident only after sustained operation (>60 h). Analysis of the byproducts provides that basis for a decomposition mechanism, establishing a foundation for the design of new organic RRs with even better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Song Jin
- Corresponding Authors: Song Jin – Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; . Shannon S. Stahl – Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States;
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Corresponding Authors: Song Jin – Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; . Shannon S. Stahl – Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States;
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29
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Baschiera E, Sorrentino U, Calderan C, Desbats MA, Salviati L. The multiple roles of coenzyme Q in cellular homeostasis and their relevance for the pathogenesis of coenzyme Q deficiency. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:277-286. [PMID: 33667628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox active lipid that plays a central role in cellular homeostasis. It was discovered more than 60 years ago because of its role as electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Since then it has become evident that CoQ has many other functions, not directly related to bioenergetics. It is a cofactor of several mitochondrial dehydrogenases involved in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides, and in sulfide detoxification. It is a powerful antioxidant and it is involved in the control of programmed cell death by modulating both apoptosis and ferroptosis. CoQ deficiency is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the impairment of CoQ biosynthesis. CoQ deficient patients display defects in cellular bioenergetics, but also in the other pathways in which CoQ is involved. In this review we will focus on the functions of CoQ not directly related to the respiratory chain, and on how their impairment is relevant for the pathophysiology of CoQ deficiency. A better understanding of the complex set of events triggered by CoQ deficiency will allow to design novel approaches for the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Baschiera
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
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30
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Druzhaeva N, Petrič AD, Tavčar-Kalcher G, Babič J, Nemec Svete A. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of the effects of coenzyme Q 10 supplementation on plasma coenzyme Q 10 concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:280-285. [PMID: 33764833 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.4.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the dose of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) needed to achieve at least a 3-fold increase in plasma CoQ10 concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). ANIMALS 18 dogs with CHF due to MMVD and 12 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES In a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial, dogs with MMVD were given 50 or 100 mg of water-soluble CoQ10 (ubiquinone; total daily dose, 100 mg [n = 5] or 200 mg [6]) or a placebo (7), PO, twice a day for 2 weeks in addition to regular cardiac treatment. Plasma CoQ10 concentration was measured in dogs with MMVD before (baseline) and at various time points after supplementation began and in healthy dogs once. Concentrations were compared among and within groups. RESULTS No significant difference in median baseline plasma CoQ10 concentration was detected between healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD. Fold increases in plasma CoQ10 concentrations ranged from 1.7 to 4.7 and 3.2 to 6.8 for individual dogs in the 100-mg and 200-mg groups, respectively. The change in plasma CoQ10 concentration after supplementation began was significantly higher than in the placebo group at 4 hours and 1 and 2 weeks for dogs in the 200-mg group and at 1 and 2 weeks for dogs in the 100-mg group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A daily CoQ10 dose of 200 mg was sufficient to achieve at least a 3-fold increase in plasma CoQ10 concentration and may be used in CoQ10 supplementation studies involving dogs with CHF due to MMVD.
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31
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Sarewicz M, Pintscher S, Pietras R, Borek A, Bujnowicz Ł, Hanke G, Cramer WA, Finazzi G, Osyczka A. Catalytic Reactions and Energy Conservation in the Cytochrome bc1 and b6f Complexes of Energy-Transducing Membranes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2020-2108. [PMID: 33464892 PMCID: PMC7908018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on key components of respiratory and photosynthetic energy-transduction systems: the cytochrome bc1 and b6f (Cytbc1/b6f) membranous multisubunit homodimeric complexes. These remarkable molecular machines catalyze electron transfer from membranous quinones to water-soluble electron carriers (such as cytochromes c or plastocyanin), coupling electron flow to proton translocation across the energy-transducing membrane and contributing to the generation of a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, which powers cellular metabolism in the majority of living organisms. Cytsbc1/b6f share many similarities but also have significant differences. While decades of research have provided extensive knowledge on these enzymes, several important aspects of their molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We summarize a broad range of structural, mechanistic, and physiological aspects required for function of Cytbc1/b6f, combining textbook fundamentals with new intriguing concepts that have emerged from more recent studies. The discussion covers but is not limited to (i) mechanisms of energy-conserving bifurcation of electron pathway and energy-wasting superoxide generation at the quinol oxidation site, (ii) the mechanism by which semiquinone is stabilized at the quinone reduction site, (iii) interactions with substrates and specific inhibitors, (iv) intermonomer electron transfer and the role of a dimeric complex, and (v) higher levels of organization and regulation that involve Cytsbc1/b6f. In addressing these topics, we point out existing uncertainties and controversies, which, as suggested, will drive further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sarewicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pintscher
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Pietras
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Borek
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bujnowicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Guy Hanke
- School
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - William A. Cramer
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire
de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National Recherche Scientifique,
Commissariat Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, Institut National
Recherche l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Mollace V, Rosano GMC, Anker SD, Coats AJS, Seferovic P, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Bosco F, Chiocchi M, Romeo F, Metra M, Volterrani M. Pathophysiological Basis for Nutraceutical Supplementation in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:257. [PMID: 33477388 PMCID: PMC7829856 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence demonstrating that heart failure (HF) occurs in 1-2% of the global population and is often accompanied by comorbidities which contribute to increasing the prevalence of the disease, the rate of hospitalization and the mortality. Although recent advances in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have led to a significant improvement in clinical outcomes in patients affected by HF, residual unmet needs remain, mostly related to the occurrence of poorly defined strategies in the early stages of myocardial dysfunction. Nutritional support in patients developing HF and nutraceutical supplementation have recently been shown to possibly contribute to protection of the failing myocardium, although their place in the treatment of HF requires further assessment, in order to find better therapeutic solutions. In this context, the Optimal Nutraceutical Supplementation in Heart Failure (ONUS-HF) working group aimed to assess the optimal nutraceutical approach to HF in the early phases of the disease, in order to counteract selected pathways that are imbalanced in the failing myocardium. In particular, we reviewed several of the most relevant pathophysiological and molecular changes occurring during the early stages of myocardial dysfunction. These include mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum stress, insufficient nitric oxide (NO) release, impaired cardiac stem cell mobilization and an imbalanced regulation of metalloproteinases. Moreover, we reviewed the potential of the nutraceutical supplementation of several natural products, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a grape seed extract, Olea Europea L.-related antioxidants, a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor-rich apple extract and a bergamot polyphenolic fraction, in addition to their support in cardiomyocyte protection, in HF. Such an approach should contribute to optimising the use of nutraceuticals in HF, and the effect needs to be confirmed by means of more targeted clinical trials exploring the efficacy and safety of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Giuseppe M. C. Rosano
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George’s Hospitals NHS Trust University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK;
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andrew J. S. Coats
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Petar Seferovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00199 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00199 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
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Posttranslational Modifications in Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8832043. [PMID: 33294126 PMCID: PMC7718049 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8832043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis was first coined in 2012 to describe the form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. To date, ferroptosis has been implicated in many diseases, such as carcinogenesis, degenerative diseases (e.g., Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have identified numerous targets involved in ferroptosis; for example, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and p53 induce while glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2, also known as FSP1) inhibit ferroptosis. At least three major pathways (the glutathione-GPX4, FSP1-coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and GTP cyclohydrolase-1- (GCH1-) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways) have been identified to participate in ferroptosis regulation. Recent advances have also highlighted the crucial roles of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins in ferroptosis. Here, we summarize the recently discovered knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, particularly the roles of PTMs in ferroptosis regulation.
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Li B, Yang L, Peng X, Fan Q, Wei S, Yang S, Li X, Jin H, Wu B, Huang M, Tang S, Liu J, Li H. Emerging mechanisms and applications of ferroptosis in the treatment of resistant cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110710. [PMID: 33568263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chemotherapy drugs has promoted anticancer treatment, but the effect on tumours is not clear because of treatment resistance; thus, it is necessary to further understand the mechanism of cell death to explore new therapeutic targets. As a new type of programmed cell death, ferroptosis is increasingly being targeted in the treatment of many cancers with clinical drugs and experimental compounds. Ferroptosis is stimulated in tumours with inherently high levels of ferrous ions by a reaction with abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids and the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, which can overcome treatment resistance in cancers mainly through GPX4. In this review, we focus on the intrinsic cellular regulators against ferroptosis in cancer resistance, such as GPX4, NRF2 and the thioredoxin system. We summarize the application of novel compounds and drugs to circumvent treatment resistance. We also introduce the application of nanoparticles for the treatment of resistant cancers. In conclusion, targeting ferroptosis represents a considerable strategy for resistant cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Shilei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
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Revisiting Tumors and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanistic Intersections and Divergences in Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9738143. [PMID: 32908642 PMCID: PMC7450308 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9738143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis was recently identified as an iron-dependent regulatory necrosis process mediated by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation. The pivotal events related to oxidative stress in ferroptosis include direct or indirect glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition, ferrous iron overload, and lipid peroxidation. The links between ferroptosis and multiple pathological processes including tumor and cardiovascular system disease have become increasingly apparent, and the mechanisms and compounds involved in ferroptosis, such as reduction of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone/CoQ10), are gradually emerging. Current reports have revealed crossroads between ferroptosis and other multiple responses. This overview of the current research illuminates the mechanisms involving ferroptosis-related compounds and emphasizes the crosstalk between ferroptosis and other responses, including mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), autophagy, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), to reveal the intersections of regulatory mechanisms. This review also outlines the discovery, characterization, and pathological relevance of ferroptosis and notes controversial elements in ferroptosis-related mechanisms, such as nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1), and heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5). We hope our inferences will supply a partial reference for disorder prevention and treatment.
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36
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Wang Y, Hekimi S. Micellization of coenzyme Q by the fungicide caspofungin allows for safe intravenous administration to reach extreme supraphysiological concentrations. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101680. [PMID: 32810741 PMCID: PMC7451649 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; also known as ubiquinone) is a vital, redox-active membrane component that functions as obligate electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as cofactor in other enzymatic processes and as antioxidant. CoQ10 supplementation has been widely investigated for treating a variety of acute and chronic conditions in which mitochondrial function or oxidative stress play a role. In addition, it is used as replacement therapy in patients with CoQ deficiency including inborn primary CoQ10 deficiency due to mutations in CoQ10-biosynthetic genes as well as secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which is frequently observed in patients with mitochondrial disease syndrome and in other conditions. However, despite many tests and some promising results, whether CoQ10 treatment is beneficial in any indication has remained inconclusive. Because CoQ10 is highly insoluble, it is only available in oral formulations, despite its very poor oral bioavailability. Using a novel model of CoQ-deficient cells, we screened a library of FDA-approved drugs for an activity that could increase the uptake of exogenous CoQ10 by the cell. We identified the fungicide caspofungin as capable of increasing the aqueous solubility of CoQ10 by several orders of magnitude. Caspofungin is a mild surfactant that solubilizes CoQ10 by forming nano-micelles with unique properties favoring stability and cellular uptake. Intravenous administration of the formulation in mice achieves unprecedented increases in CoQ10 plasma levels and in tissue uptake, with no observable toxicity. As it contains only two safe components (caspofungin and CoQ10), this injectable formulation presents a high potential for clinical safety and efficacy. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can be solubilized by the antifungal drug caspofungin (CF). CF is a mild surfactant and solubilizes CoQ10 in water by forming micellar structures with a high CoQ10 content. CF/CoQ10 micelles have unique properties favoring rapid and efficient uptake into cells and mitochondria. CF/CoQ10 micelles can be intravenously administrated without signs of toxicity. Intravenous administration of CF/CoQ10 in mice achieves unprecedented elevation of CoQ10 plasma levels and tissue uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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37
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Shikh E, Zozina V, Kondratenko S, Melnikov E, Kukes V. The particulars of certain drugs' effect on the endogenous coenzyme Q10 plasma level in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0106/dmdi-2020-0106.xml. [PMID: 32609647 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has many vital functions in human body and its endogenous level can be affected either by various diseases or by administrated drugs. This study reveals the effect of atorvastatin, amlodipine and ethoxidol on the endogenous CoQ10 plasma concentration. Methods It was determined the total plasma concentration of endogenous CoQ10 in the plasma of 54 healthy individuals and 62 patients with cardiovascular diseases during treatment with various drugs using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS). Results It was found that CoQ10 plasma concentration in patients is statistically significantly lower (on average -49.0 Δ%) than in practically healthy individuals. The total CoQ10 plasma level in patients receiving atorvastatin in the complex therapy is statistically significantly lower (-15.2 Δ%), and in patients taking amlodipine or ethoxidol is statistically significantly higher (+18.2 and +20.2 Δ%, respectively) than in patients of control groups (a group of patients who receive the same drugs, except for the studied one). Conclusions The study showed that in patients with CVDs treated with various drugs the CoQ10 plasma level is statistically significantly lower than in practically healthy individuals. So, to avoid the adverse reactions connected with low CoQ10 plasma levels, it is recommended to adjust the therapy to maintain its constant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Shikh
- 2.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlena Zozina
- I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Kondratenko
- 2.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Melnikov
- 2.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Kukes
- 2.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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38
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Varricchio C, Beirne K, Heard C, Newland B, Rozanowska M, Brancale A, Votruba M. The ying and yang of idebenone: Not too little, not too much - cell death in NQO1 deficient cells and the mouse retina. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:551-560. [PMID: 31775023 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Idebenone has recently been investigated as a drug therapy for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a rare genetic mitochondrial disease that causes rapid and progressive bilateral vision loss. Although several studies have shown that idebenone can promote vision recovery in patients with LHON, the evidence for the efficacy of idebenone is still limited. Idebenone failed to demonstrate superiority over placebo in the primary end-points of the only published randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. There appears to be a patient-specific response to idebenone with high variability in therapeutic outcomes. A recent study suggested that the cytosolic enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone acceptor oxidoreductase (NQO1) is the major enzyme involved in the activation of idebenone, and the beneficial effects of idebenone are dependent on the expression of NQO1. Here, we confirm the NQO1-dependent activity of idebenone, but we also show, for the first time, that the cytotoxicity of idebenone is linked to cellular expression of NQO1. Upon idebenone administration, cells deficient in NQO1 show a marked decrease in viability in comparison to NQO1 expressing cells, with idebenone causing ROS production and deleterious effects on ATP levels and cell viability. In addition, our data highlights that only cells expressing NQO1 can significantly activate idebenone, indicating that other proposed metabolic activation pathways, such as complex II and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, do not play a significant role in idebenone activation. Furthermore, we provide evidence of idebenone-induced toxicity in the retina ex-vivo, which can be explained by the variation of NQO1 expression between different cell types in the mouse retina. Idebenone mediated cell rescue in the rotenone ex vivo model also indicated that this drug has a narrow therapeutic window. These findings will help to guide the development of future therapies and drug delivery strategies including intra-ocular administration. The specific dependence of idebenone activity on NQO1 may also explain the variation in patient outcomes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| | - K Beirne
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| | - C Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| | - B Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rozanowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| | - A Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| | - M Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK; Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF24 4LU, Wales, UK.
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39
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Pintscher S, Wójcik-Augustyn A, Sarewicz M, Osyczka A. Charge polarization imposed by the binding site facilitates enzymatic redox reactions of quinone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148216. [PMID: 32387188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinone reduction site (Qi) of cytochrome bc1 represents one of the canonical sites used to explore the enzymatic redox reactions involving semiquinone (SQ) states. However, the mechanism by which Qi allows the completion of quinone reduction during the sequential transfers of two electrons from the adjacent heme bH and two protons to C1- and C4-carbonyl remains unclear. Here we established that the SQ coupled to an oxidized heme bH is a dominant intermediate of catalytic forward reaction and, contrary to the long-standing assumption, represents a significant population of SQ detected across pH 5-9. The pH dependence of its redox midpoint potential implicated proton exchange with histidine. Complementary quantum mechanical calculations revealed that the SQ anion formed after the first electron transfer undergoes charge and spin polarization imposed by the electrostatic field generated by histidine and the aspartate/lysine pair interacting with the C4- and C1-carbonyl, respectively. This favors a barrierless proton exchange between histidine and the C4-carbonyl, which continues until the second electron reaches the SQi. Inversion of charge polarization facilitates the uptake of the second proton by the C1-carbonyl. Based on these findings we developed a comprehensive scheme for electron and proton transfers at Qi featuring the equilibration between the anionic and neutral states of SQi as means for a leak-proof stabilization of the radical intermediate. The key catalytic role of the initial charge/spin polarization of the SQ anion at the active site, inherent to the proposed mechanism, may also be applicable to the other quinone oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pintscher
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30387, Poland.
| | - Anna Wójcik-Augustyn
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30387, Poland.
| | - Marcin Sarewicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30387, Poland.
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30387, Poland.
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Choi SJ, McClements DJ. Nanoemulsions as delivery systems for lipophilic nutraceuticals: strategies for improving their formulation, stability, functionality and bioavailability. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:149-168. [PMID: 32064124 PMCID: PMC6992823 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The food and beverage industry often need to encapsulate hydrophobic functional ingredients in their products, including colors, flavors, lipids, nutraceuticals preservatives, and vitamins. Encapsulation can improve the handling, water-dispersibility, chemically stability, and efficacy of these functional ingredients. In this review article, we focus on the design of nanoemulsion-based delivery systems to encapsulate, protect, and deliver non-polar bioactive agents, such as vitamin A, D and E, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, curcumin, resveratrol, and coenzyme Q10. Initially, the challenges associated with incorporating these different bioactives into foods are highlighted. The relative merits and drawbacks of different nanoemulsion fabrication methods are then discussed. Finally, examples of the application of nanoemulsions for improving the stability and bioavailability of various kinds of hydrophobic vitamins and nutraceuticals are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
- Departement of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul National University of Science and
Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Department of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang China
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Abstract
Although confirmed as the primary lipophilic antioxidant molecule endogenously produced by cells, the non-mitochondrial pool of CoQ10's functional role is still well debated. Recently, both Bersuker et al. (2019) and Doll et al. (2019) have identified FSP1 as a novel CoQ10 plasma membrane oxidoreductase, protecting cells from glutathione-independent ferroptosis.
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Chidambaram SB, Bhat A, Mahalakshmi AM, Ray B, Tuladhar S, Sushmitha BS, Saravanan B, Thamilarasan M, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM, Guillemin GJ, Qoronfleh MW. Protein Nutrition in Autism. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 24:573-586. [PMID: 32006374 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30402-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is said to be a "developmental disorder" because symptoms generally appear in the first 2 years of life. The primary cause of autism is still not clear and therapy is currently restricted to controlling behavioral abnormalities. However, emerging studies have shown a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and autism. Dietary supplements that promote mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibit the production of oxidative stress have been used to treat autism patients. Dietary adjustments in treating autism is a novel approach to suppress autistic symptoms. Supplementation with antioxidants has been found to not only inhibit cognitive decline but also improve behavioral symptoms in autism. Dietary supplements fortified with vitamins should only be given under the supervision of a physician. A wide range of nutraceuticals are under clinical trials to understand whether they physiologically target mitochondrial pathways and improve the quality of life in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India. .,Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.,Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.,Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.,Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - B S Sushmitha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - B Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Manivasagam Thamilarasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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43
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Wang Y, Hekimi S. The Complexity of Making Ubiquinone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:929-943. [PMID: 31601461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ, coenzyme Q) is an essential electron transfer lipid in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a main source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also has antioxidant properties. This mix of characteristics is why ubiquinone supplementation is considered a potential therapy for many diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway are increasingly being identified in patients. Furthermore, secondary ubiquinone deficiency is a common finding associated with mitochondrial disorders and might exacerbate these conditions. Recent developments have suggested that ubiquinone biosynthesis occurs in discrete domains of the mitochondrial inner membrane close to ER-mitochondria contact sites. This spatial requirement for ubiquinone biosynthesis could be the link between secondary ubiquinone deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction, which commonly results in loss of mitochondrial structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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44
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Abstract
The discovery of a mechanism that guards against a type of cell death celled ferroptosis reveals a system that regenerates a ubiquitous protective component of biological membranes, and might offer a target for anticancer drugs.
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45
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Bensimhon AR, Williams AE, Gbadegesin RA. Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in the genomic era. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:2279-2293. [PMID: 30280213 PMCID: PMC6445770 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is not completely known. Recent advances in genomics have elucidated some of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of the disease. More than 50 monogenic causes of SRNS have been identified; however, these genes are responsible for only a small fraction of SRNS in outbred populations. There are currently no guidelines for genetic testing in SRNS, but evidence from the literature suggests that testing should be guided by the genetic architecture of the disease in the population. Notably, most genetic forms of SRNS do not respond to current immunosuppressive therapies; however, a small subset of patients with monogenic SRNS will achieve partial or complete remission with specific immunomodulatory agents, presumably due to non-immunosuppressive effects of these agents. We suggest a pragmatic approach to the therapy of genetic SRNS, as there is no evidence-based algorithm for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Bensimhon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anna E. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rasheed A. Gbadegesin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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46
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Yıldırım H, Bayrak N, Yıldız M, Kara EM, Celik BO, Tuyun AF. Thiolated plastoquinone analogs: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Fukuda M, Qianjun L, Kishikawa N, Ohyama K, Kuroda N. Development of ultrafast colorimetric microplate assay method for ubiquinone utilizing the redox cycle of the quinone. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Macedo F, Martins GL, Luévano-Martínez LA, Viana GM, Riske KA, Inague A, Yoshinaga MY, Aguilaniu H, Miyamoto S, Glezer I, da Cunha FM. Lipase-like 5 enzyme controls mitochondrial activity in response to starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158539. [PMID: 31676440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The C. elegans lipase-like 5 (lipl-5) gene is predicted to code for a lipase homologous to the human gastric acid lipase. Its expression was previously shown to be modulated by nutritional or immune cues, but nothing is known about its impact on the lipid landscape and ensuing functional consequences. In the present work, we used mutants lacking LIPL-5 protein and found that lipl-5 is important for normal lipidome composition as well as its remodeling in response to food deprivation. Particularly, lipids with signaling functions such as ceramides and mitochondrial lipids were affected by lipl-5 silencing. In comparison with wild type worms, animals lacking LIPL-5 were enriched in cardiolipins linked to polyunsaturated C20 fatty acids and coenzyme Q-9. Differences in mitochondrial lipid composition were accompanied by differences in mitochondrial activity as mitochondria from well-fed lipl-5 mutants were significantly more able to oxidize respiratory substrates when compared with mitochondria from well-fed wild type worms. Strikingly, starvation elicited important changes in mitochondrial activity in wild type worms, but not in lipl-5 worms. This indicates that this lipase is a determinant of mitochondrial functional remodeling in response to food withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Loureiro Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65, CEP 05508-030, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Luévano-Martínez
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, CEP 05508-900, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monteiro Viana
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, CEP 04039-032, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Aguilaniu
- CNRS, France; Instituto Serrapilheira-Rua Dias Ferreira, 78 s202, CEP 22431-050, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isaias Glezer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
The aging process includes impairment in mitochondrial function, a reduction in anti-oxidant activity, and an increase in oxidative stress, marked by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Oxidative damage to macromolecules including DNA and electron transport proteins likely increases ROS production resulting in further damage. This oxidative theory of cell aging is supported by the fact that diseases associated with the aging process are marked by increased oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels fall with aging in the human but this is not seen in all species or all tissues. It is unknown whether lower CoQ10 levels have a part to play in aging and disease or whether it is an inconsequential cellular response to aging. Despite the current lay public interest in supplementing with CoQ10, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend CoQ10 supplementation as an anti-aging anti-oxidant therapy.
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50
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Zeng Z, Li Y, Lu S, Huang W, Di W. Efficacy of CoQ10 as supplementation for migraine: A meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand 2019; 139:284-293. [PMID: 30428123 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Migraine ranks among the most frequent neurological disorders globally. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a nutritional agent that might play a preventative role in migraine. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of CoQ10 as a supplemental agent in migraine. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for potential articles that assessed the effects of CoQ10 on migraine. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and analyzed with Revman 5.2 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark). RESULTS We included five studies with 346 patients (120 pediatric and 226 adult subjects) in the meta-analysis. CoQ10 was comparable with placebo with respect to migraine attacks/month (P = 0.08) and migraine severity/day (P = 0.08). However, CoQ10 was more effective than placebo in reducing migraine days/month (P < 0.00001) and migraine duration (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on migraine. The results support the use of CoQ10 as a potent therapeutic agent with respect to migraine duration and migraine days/month. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to support the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiYong Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics; The Second People’s Hospital of Longgang District; Shenzhen China
| | - YunPeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery; The People’s Hospital of Ningdu Country; Ganzhou China
| | - ShunYu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker’s Hospital; Liuzhou China
| | - WanSu Huang
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology; Guangxi Police College; Nanning China
| | - Wei Di
- Department of Neurology; Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
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