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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases require customized approaches for reproductive counseling, addressing differences in recurrence risks and reproductive options. The majority of mitochondrial diseases is caused by mutations in nuclear genes and segregate in a Mendelian way. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) or preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are available to prevent the birth of another severely affected child. In at least 15%-25% of cases, mitochondrial diseases are caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which can occur de novo (25%) or be maternally inherited. For de novo mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is low and PND can be offered for reassurance. For maternally inherited, heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is often unpredictable, due to the mitochondrial bottleneck. PND for mtDNA mutations is technically possible, but often not applicable given limitations in predicting the phenotype. Another option for preventing the transmission of mtDNA diseases is PGT. Embryos with mutant load below the expression threshold are being transferred. Oocyte donation is another safe option to prevent the transmission of mtDNA disease to a future child for couples who reject PGT. Recently, mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) became available for clinical application as an alternative to prevent the transmission of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic mtDNA mutations.
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Liu Y, Zhao S, Chen X, Bian Y, Cao Y, Xu P, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhao S, Zhao H. Variations in mitochondrial DNA coding and D-loop region are associated with early embryonic development defects in infertile women. Hum Genet 2023; 142:193-200. [PMID: 36352239 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a critical role in oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Defects in mtDNA may determine the alteration of the mitochondrial function, affecting cellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP supply, leading to impaired oocyte maturation, abnormal fertilization, and low embryonic developmental potential, ultimately leading to female infertility. This case-control study was established to investigate the correlation between mtDNA variations and early embryonic development defects. Peripheral blood was collected for next-generation sequencing from women who suffered the repeated failures of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles due to early embryonic development defects as well as in-house healthy controls, and the sequencing results were statistically analyzed for all subjects. This study found that infertile women with early embryonic development defects carried more mtDNA variants, especially in the D-loop region, ATP6 gene, and CYTB gene. By univariate logistic regression analysis, 16 mtDNA variants were associated with an increased risk of early embryonic development defects (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Furthermore, we identified 16 potentially pathogenic mtDNA variants only in infertile cases. The data proved that mtDNA variations were associated with early embryonic development defects in infertile Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Peiwen Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Changming Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shigang Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Russo V, Ancora M, Gatta V, Orsini M, Prencipe G, Peserico A, Colosimo A, El Khatib M, Mauro A, Di Berardino C, Scialabba S, Tiboni GM, Marcacci M, Cammà C, Barboni B. Profiling of mitochondrial heteroplasmy in single human oocytes by next-generation sequencing. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:646-654. [PMID: 36444830 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a crucial role in the development of a competent oocyte. Indeed, mtDNA alterations may predispose to chromosome nondisjunction, resulting in infertility due to a reduced vitality and quality of oocytes and embryos. In this methods paper, the multiple displacement amplification approach was applied in combination with next-generation sequencing (NGS) to amplify and sequence, in single-end, the entire mtDNA of single human oocytes to directly construct genomic NGS libraries, and subsequently, to highlight and quantify the mutations they presented. The bioinformatic workflow was carried out with a specific ad hoc developed in-house software. This approach proved to be sensitive and specific, also highlighting the mutations present in heteroplasmy, showing deletion, insertion or substitution mutations in the genes involved in the respiratory chain, even if the found variants were benign or of uncertain meaning. The analysis of mtDNA mutations in the oocyte could provide a better understanding of specific genetic abnormalities and of their possible effect on oocyte developmental competence. This study shows how this approach, based on a massive parallel sequencing of clonally amplified DNA molecules, allows to sequence the entire mitochondrial genome of single oocytes in a short time and with a single analytical run and to verify mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo Ancora
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Psychological, Health and Territory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Prencipe
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Colosimo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Berardino
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Silvia Scialabba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Tiboni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Lukaszuk K, Podolak A. Does Trophectoderm Mitochondrial DNA Content Affect Embryo Developmental and Implantation Potential? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5976. [PMID: 35682656 PMCID: PMC9180963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective case control study was undertaken at the molecular biology department of a private center for reproductive medicine in order to determine whether any correlation exists between the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content of trophectoderm and embryo developmental potential. A total of 275 couples underwent IVF treatment, producing a total of 716 embryos. The trophectoderm was biopsied from each embryo at the blastocyst stage (day 5 or day 6 post-fertilization) subjected to low-pass next-generation sequencing (NGS), for the purpose of detecting aneuploidy. For each sample, the number of mtDNA reads obtained after analysis using NGS was divided by the number of reads attributable to the nuclear genome. The mtDNA copy number was found to be higher in aneuploid embryos than in those that were euploid (mean mtDNA ratio ± SD: 1.13 ± 1.37 versus 1.45 ± 1.78, p = 0.02) and in day 5 biopsies compared to day 6 biopsies (1.41 ± 1.66 vs. 1.19 ± 1.27, p = 0.001), whereas no statistically significant differences in mtDNA content were seen in relation to embryo morphology (1.58 ± 2.44 vs. 2.19 ± 2.89, p = 0.12), genetic sex (1.27 ± 1.29 vs. 1.27 ± 1.18, p = 0.99), maternal age (1.31 ± 1.41 vs. 1.33 ± 1.29, p = 0.43), or its ability to implant (1.14 ± 0.88 vs. 1.21 ± 1.16, p = 0.39). mtDNA has small potential to serve as an additional, independent biomarker for embryo selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Lukaszuk
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Amira Podolak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Bai L, He G, Gao C, Yang H, Li M, Huang Y, Moussa M, Xu C. Tanshinone IIA enhances the ovarian reserve and attenuates ovarian oxidative stress in aged mice. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1617-1625. [PMID: 35451235 PMCID: PMC9297741 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tanshinone IIA (TSA), a major lipophilic component extracted from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been widely used in China for its various biological activities. However, its effect on ovarian reserve in aged mice was not studied elsewhere. Objectives This study aimed to explore the effect of TSA on the ovarian reserve of aged mice as well as young mice. Forty weeks old mice (N = 40) were considered as aged group compared to 4 weeks old mice (N = 40), and these groups were subdivided into four subgroups (N = 10) to receive different doses of TSA (0, 10, 20, and 40 μg/g/day). Methods The effect of TSA was evaluated by counting follicular number by histological examination. Basal serum levels of FSH, LH, E2, and anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) were measured by ELISA. Moreover, the expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT, Nrf2, GPX1), gap junction (Cx37), ERK1/2, and Smad5 family gene were examined at both mRNA (qPCR) and protein levels (western blot). Results Follicular number, level of AMH and E2, and the expression of CAT, Nrf2, and GPX1 genes increased significantly (p < 0.05) in aged mice administrated with medium (20 μg/g/day) and high (40 μg/g/day) doses of TSA, whereas FSH and LH levels were significantly low compared to low dose (10 μg/g/day) and control (0 μg/g/day) aged subgroups. However, we did not observe any effect of all doses of TSA on young mice. Conclusions Administration of TSA with medium and high doses up‐regulates the expression of antioxidative genes, reduces the oxidative injury, increases levels of AMH, and E2 levels that are relatively comparable to those in young mice, and consequently results in a healthy oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Guozhen He
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chenghai Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Mahmoud Moussa
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Changlong Xu
- Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, China
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Podolak A, Liss J, Kiewisz J, Pukszta S, Cybulska C, Rychlowski M, Lukaszuk A, Jakiel G, Lukaszuk K. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Cleavage Stage Human Embryos-Impact on Infertility Outcome. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:273-287. [PMID: 35723399 PMCID: PMC8928962 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective case control study was undertaken at the molecular biology department of a private center for reproductive medicine in order to determine whether any correlation exists between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content of cleavage-stage preimplantation embryos and their developmental potential. A total of 69 couples underwent IVF treatment (averaged women age: 36.5, SD 4.9) and produced a total of 314 embryos. A single blastomere was biopsied from each embryo at the cleavage stage (day-3 post-fertilization) subjected to low-pass next generation sequencing (NGS), for the purpose of detecting aneuploidy. For each sample, the number of mtDNA reads obtained after analysis using NGS was divided by the number of reads attributable to the nuclear genome. The mtDNA copy number amount was found to be higher in aneuploid embryos than in those that were euploid (mean mtDNA ratio ± SD: 6.3 ± 7.5 versus 7.1 ± 5.8, p < 0.004; U Mann−Whitney test), whereas no statistically significant differences in mtDNA content were seen in relation to embryo morphology (6.6 ± 4.8 vs. 8.5 ± 13.6, p 0.09), sex (6.6 ± 4.1 vs. 6.2 ± 6.8, p 0.16), maternal age (6.9 ± 7.8 vs. 6.7 ± 4.5, p 0.14) or its ability to implant (7.4 ± 6.6 vs. 5.1 ± 4.6, p 0.18). The mtDNA content cannot serve as a useful biomarker at this point in development. However, further studies investigating both quantitative and qualitative aspects of mtDNA are still required to fully evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA and human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Podolak
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Joanna Liss
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kiewisz
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Celina Cybulska
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Michal Rychlowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aron Lukaszuk
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
- The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gdansk, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Jakiel
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
- The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gdansk, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lukaszuk
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- iYoni App by LifeBite, 10-763 Olsztyn, Poland
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Spath K, Babariya D, Konstantinidis M, Lowndes J, Child T, Grifo JA, Poulton J, Wells D. Clinical application of sequencing-based methods for parallel preimplantation genetic testing for mitochondrial DNA disease and aneuploidy. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1521-1532. [PMID: 33745725 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate and apply a strategy permitting parallel preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease and aneuploidy (PGT-A). DESIGN Preclinical test validation and case reports. SETTING Fertility centers. Diagnostics laboratory. PATIENTS Four patients at risk of transmitting mtDNA disease caused by m.8993T>G (Patients A and B), m.10191T>G (Patient C), and m.3243A>G (Patient D). Patients A, B, and C had affected children. Patients A and D displayed somatic heteroplasmy for mtDNA mutations. INTERVENTIONS Embryo biopsy, genetic testing, and uterine transfer of embryos predicted to be euploid and mutation-free. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Test accuracy, treatment outcomes, and mutation segregation. RESULTS Accuracy of mtDNA mutation quantification was confirmed. The test was compatible with PGT-A, and half of the embryos tested were shown to be aneuploid (16/33). Mutations were detected in approximately 40% of embryo biopsies from Patients A and D (10/24) but in none from Patients B and C (n = 29). Patients B and C had healthy children following PGT and natural conception, respectively. The m.8993T>G mutation displayed skewed segregation, whereas m.3243A>G mutation levels were relatively low and potentially impacted embryo development. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high aneuploidy rate, strategies providing a combination of PGT for mtDNA disease and aneuploidy may be advantageous compared with approaches that consider only mtDNA. Heteroplasmic women had a higher incidence of affected embryos than those with undetectable somatic mutant mtDNA but were still able to produce mutation-free embryos. While not conclusive, the results are consistent with the existence of mutation-specific segregation mechanisms occurring during oogenesis and possibly embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Spath
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Juno Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Dhruti Babariya
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Juno Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jo Lowndes
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Child
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Fertility, Fertility Partnership, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dagan Wells
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Juno Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Gualtieri R, Kalthur G, Barbato V, Di Nardo M, Adiga SK, Talevi R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030337. [PMID: 33668300 PMCID: PMC7996228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, fundamental organelles in cell metabolism, and ATP synthesis are responsible for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Mitochondria produce most ROS, and when levels exceed the antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress (OS) is generated. These changes may eventually impair the electron transport chain, resulting in decreased ATP synthesis, increased ROS production, altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, and disruption of calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria play a key role in the gamete competence to facilitate normal embryo development. However, iatrogenic factors in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may affect their functional competence, leading to an abnormal reproductive outcome. Cryopreservation, a fundamental technology in ART, may compromise mitochondrial function leading to elevated intracellular OS that decreases sperm and oocytes' competence and the dynamics of fertilization and embryo development. This article aims to review the role played by mitochondria and ROS in sperm and oocyte function and the close, biunivocal relationships between mitochondrial damage and ROS generation during cryopreservation of gametes and gonadal tissues in different species. Based on current literature, we propose tentative hypothesis of mechanisms involved in cryopreservation-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in gametes, and discuss the role played by antioxidants and other agents to retain the competence of cryopreserved reproductive cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gualtieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India; (G.K.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Vincenza Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Maddalena Di Nardo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India; (G.K.); (S.K.A.)
- Centre for Fertility Preservation, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Riccardo Talevi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
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9
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Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including type 2 diabetes, aging, and ovarian failure. Because of the central role of mitochondria in energy production, heme biosynthesis, calcium buffering, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis signaling within cells, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind mitochondrial dysregulation and its potential implications in disease is critical. This review will take a journey through the past and summarize what is known about mitochondrial dysfunction in various disorders, focusing on metabolic alterations and reproductive abnormalities. Evidence is presented from studies in different human populations, and rodents with genetic manipulations of pathways known to affect mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Das
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Consuelo Sauceda
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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10
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Subramani E, Frigo DE. Mitochondria in Metabolic Syndrome, Reproduction and Transgenerational Inheritance-Ongoing Debates and Emerging Links. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa182. [PMID: 33275660 PMCID: PMC7709213 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Liu X, Li W, Ouyang S, Zhu X. Identification of SNPs and copy number variations in mitochondrial genes related to the reproductive capacity of the cultured Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Mitochondrial DNA copy number as a predictor of embryo viability. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Lledo B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, García-Hernández E, Ten J, Bernabeu A, Llácer J, Bernabeu R. Comprehensive mitochondrial DNA analysis and IVF outcome. Hum Reprod Open 2018; 2018:hoy023. [PMID: 30895263 PMCID: PMC6396640 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and heteroplasmy in human embryos affect the ongoing pregnancy rate? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study suggests that mtDNA copy number above a specific threshold is associated with the ongoing pregnancy rate. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mitochondria play a vital role in cell function. Recently, there has been increasing research on mtDNA as a biomarker of embryo implantation. Although reports showed that high levels of mtDNA in the blastocyst are associated with low implantation potential, other publications were unable to confirm this. Confounding factors may influence the mtDNA copy number in euploid embryos. On the other hand it has been speculated that both mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number contribute to mitochondrial function. Next generation sequencing (NGS) allows us to study in depth mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number simultaneously. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective non-selection study was performed. We included 159 blastocyst biopsies from 142 couples who attended our clinic for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A), from January 2017 to December 2017. All embryos were biopsied on Day 5 or Day 6. The aneuploid testing was performed by NGS. All blastocysts were diagnosed as euploid non-mosaic and were transferred. The mtDNA analysis was performed once the embryo diagnosis was known. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sequencing reads mapping to the mtDNA genome were extracted from indexed bam files to identify copy number and heteroplasmy. The relative measure of mtDNA copy number was calculated by dividing the mtDNA reads by the nuclear DNA value to normalize for technical variants and the number of cells collected at the biopsy. All the results were subjected to a mathematical correction factor according to the embryo genome. Heteroplasmy was assigned by MitoSeek. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The mean average copy number and SD of mtDNA per genome was 0.0016 ± 0.0012. Regarding heteroplasmy, 40 embryos were heteroplasmy carriers (26.32%). MtDNA variants were detected in coding and non-coding regions and the highest number of variants in an embryo was eight. With respect to IVF outcome for mtDNA copy number analysis, we set a threshold of 0.003 for the following analysis. The vast majority of the embryos were below the threshold (142/159, 89.31%) and 17 embryos were classified as having higher mtDNA levels. We showed a reduction in ongoing pregnancy rate associated with elevated mtDNA copy number (42.96% versus 17.65%, P < 0.05). This result was independent of maternal age and day of the biopsy: these factors were included as confounding factors because mtDNA copy number was negatively correlated with female age (25 –30 y: 0.0017 ± 0.0011, 30 –35 y: 0.0012 ± 0.0007, 35 –40 y: 0.0016 ± 0.0009, over 40 y: 0.0024 + 0.0017, P < 0.05). Embryos biopsied on Day 5 were more likely to have higher quantities of mtDNA compared with those biopsied on Day 6 (0.0017 versus 0.0009, P < 0.001). According to IVF outcome and heteroplasmy, a lower ongoing pregnancy rate was reported for embryos that carried more than two variants. However, this did not reach statistical significance when we compared embryos with a number of variants lower or higher than two (39.15 versus 20.0, P = 0.188). Finally, a clear positive association between the mtDNA variants and copy number was reported when we compare embryos with or without heteroplasmy (0.0013 ± 0.0009 versus 0.0025 ± 0.0014, P < 0.001) and among different numbers of variants (0:0.0013 ± 0.0009, 1–2:0.0023 ± 0.0012, >2:0.0043 ± 0.0014, P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A limitation may be the size of the sample and the high-throughput sequencing technology that might not have detected heteroplasmy levels below 2% which requires high sequence depth A clinical randomized trial comparing the clinical outcome after the transfer of embryos selected according to mtDNA levels or only by morphological evaluation will be necessary. More research into the impact of mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number on IVF outcome is needed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that embryos with elevated mtDNA copy number have a lower chance of producing an ongoing pregnancy. MtDNA copy number is higher in older women and is dependent upon the number of cell divisions that preceded biopsy. Moreover, our data suggest that mitochondrial activity could be a balance between functional capacity and relative mtDNA copy number. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) There are no conflicts of interest or sources of funding to declare. Trial registration number Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lledo
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - J A Ortiz
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - R Morales
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - J Ten
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - J Llácer
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
| | - R Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain.,Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
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14
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Ho JR, Arrach N, Rhodes-Long K, Salem W, McGinnis LK, Chung K, Bendikson KA, Paulson RJ, Ahmady A. Blastulation timing is associated with differential mitochondrial content in euploid embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:711-720. [PMID: 29353449 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and assessment of mitochondrial content (MC) are current methods for selection of the best embryos for transfer. Studies suggest that time-lapse morphokinetics (TLM) may also be helpful for selecting embryos more likely to implant. In our study, we sought to examine the relationship between TLM parameters and MC to determine if they could be used adjunctively in embryo selection. We also examined the relationship between MC with ploidy and blastulation. METHODS Cryopreserved human embryos at the zygote stage were thawed and cultured in a time-lapse system. Blastomere and trophectoderm biopsies were performed on days 3 and 6. Biopsied cells and all whole embryos from day 6 were analyzed for MC (ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA) and ploidy using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS In embryos, MC per cell declined between day 3 and day 6. While early cleavage parameters did not predict MC, embryos with longer blastulation timing had higher MC on day 6. Day 6 MC was lower in euploid vs. aneuploid embryos and lower in blastocysts vs. arrested embryos. CONCLUSIONS A lower MC at the blastocyst stage was associated with euploid status and blastocyst formation, indicating better embryo quality compared to those with a higher MC. Higher MC in aneuploid and arrested embryos may be explained by slower cell division or degradation of genomic DNA over time. Blastulation timing may be helpful for selection of higher quality embryos. Combining blastulation timing and MC along with morphologic grading and euploid status may offer a new direction in embryo selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Nabil Arrach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Progenesis Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Rhodes-Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Wael Salem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Lynda K McGinnis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karine Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Kristin A Bendikson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Richard J Paulson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Ali Ahmady
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA.
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15
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He S, Sun Y, Yang Q, Zhang X, Huang Q, Zhao P, Sun M, Liu J, Qian W, Qin G, Gu H, Qu LJ. A Novel Imprinted Gene NUWA Controls Mitochondrial Function in Early Seed Development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006553. [PMID: 28095407 PMCID: PMC5283763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes display biased expression of paternal and maternal alleles and are only found in mammals and flowering plants. Compared to several hundred imprinted genes that are functionally characterized in mammals, very few imprinted genes were confirmed in plants and even fewer of them have been functionally investigated. Here, we report a new imprinted gene, NUWA, in plants. NUWA is an essential gene, because loss of its function resulted in reduced transmission through the female gametophyte and defective cell/nuclear proliferation in early Arabidopsis embryo and endosperm. NUWA is a maternally expressed imprinted gene, as only the maternal allele of NUWA is transcribed and translated from gametogenesis to the 16-cell globular embryo stage after fertilization, and the de novo transcription of the maternal allele of NUWA starts from the zygote stage. Different from other identified plant imprinted genes whose encoded proteins are mostly localized to the nucleus, the NUWA protein was localized to the mitochondria and was essential for mitochondria function. Our work uncovers a novel imprinted gene of a previously unidentified type, namely, a maternal-specific expressed nuclear gene with its encoded protein localizing to and controlling the function of the maternally inherited mitochondria. This reveals a unique mechanism of maternal control of the mitochondria and adds an extra layer of complexity to the regulation of nucleus-organelle coordination during early plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxiang Sun
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
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16
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Nwonuma C, Irokanulo E, Iji C, Alejolowo O, Adetunji C. Effect of Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf rat-feed on potassium bromate induced testicular toxicity. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Darbandi S, Darbandi M, Khorshid HRK, Sadeghi MR, Al-Hasani S, Agarwal A, Shirazi A, Heidari M, Akhondi MM. Experimental strategies towards increasing intracellular mitochondrial activity in oocytes: A systematic review. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:8-17. [PMID: 27234976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mitochondrial complement is critical in sustaining the earliest stages of life. To improve the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), current methods of interest were evaluated for increasing the activity and copy number of mitochondria in the oocyte cell. METHODS This covered the researches from 1966 to September 2015. RESULTS The results provided ten methods that can be studied individually or simultaneously. CONCLUSION Though the use of these techniques generated great concern about heteroplasmy observation in humans, it seems that with study on these suggested methods there is real hope for effective treatments of old oocyte or oocytes containing mitochondrial problems in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safaa Al-Hasani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Abolfazl Shirazi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Heidari
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. M.@avicenna.ar.ir
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Ancora M, Orsini M, Colosimo A, Marcacci M, Russo V, De Santo M, D'Aurora M, Stuppia L, Barboni B, Cammà C, Gatta V. Complete sequence of human mitochondrial DNA obtained by combining multiple displacement amplification and next-generation sequencing on a single oocyte. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:180-181. [PMID: 27159691 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1115499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a key role in the development of a competent oocyte. In this study, the complete mtDNA sequence obtained for the first time by multiple displacement amplification approach in combination with next-generation sequencing from a single human oocyte is reported (GenBank accession no. KT364276). The analysis of oocyte mitochondrial mutations could provide a better understanding of the genetic variants correlated with the oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ancora
- a Research and Development Biotechnology Unit , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" , Teramo , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- a Research and Development Biotechnology Unit , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" , Teramo , Italy
| | - Alessia Colosimo
- b Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Teramo , Teramo , Italy
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- a Research and Development Biotechnology Unit , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" , Teramo , Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- b Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Teramo , Teramo , Italy
| | - Maria De Santo
- c Casa di Cura Privata Synergo Pierangeli, Spatocco , Chieti , Italy
| | - Marco D'Aurora
- d Scuola di Medicina e Scienze della Salute , Università "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- d Scuola di Medicina e Scienze della Salute , Università "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- b Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Teramo , Teramo , Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- a Research and Development Biotechnology Unit , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" , Teramo , Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- d Scuola di Medicina e Scienze della Salute , Università "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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19
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Hammond ER, Green MP, Shelling AN, Berg MC, Peek JC, Cree LM. Oocyte mitochondrial deletions and heteroplasmy in a bovine model of ageing and ovarian stimulation. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:261-71. [PMID: 26792869 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Maternal ageing and ovarian stimulation result in the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and heteroplasmy in individual oocytes from a novel bovine model for human assisted reproductive technology (ART). STUDY FINDING The levels of mtDNA deletions detected in oocytes increased with ovarian ageing. Low levels of mtDNA heteroplasmy were apparent across oocytes and no relationship was identified with respect to ovarian ageing or ovarian stimulation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Oocyte quality decreases with ovarian ageing and it is postulated that the mtDNA may have a role in this decline. The impact of ovarian stimulation on oocyte quality is poorly understood. Human studies investigating these effects are often limited by the use of low quality oocytes and embryos, variation in age and ovarian stimulation regimens within the patients studied, as well as genetic and environmental variability. Further, no study has investigated mtDNA heteroplasmy in individual oocytes using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and little is known about whether the oocyte accumulates heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations following ageing or ovarian stimulation. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS A novel bovine model for the effect of stimulation and age in human ART was undertaken using cows generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) from one founder, to produce a homogeneous population with reduced genetic and environmental variability. Oocytes and somatic tissues were collected from young (3 years of age; n = 4 females) and old (10 years of age; n = 5 females) cow clones following multiple natural ovarian cycles, as well as oocytes following multiple mild (FSH only) and standard (based on human a long GnRH agonist protocol) ovarian stimulation cycles. In addition, oocytes were recovered in a natural cycle from naturally conceived cows aged 4-13.5 years (n = 10) to provide a heterogeneous cohort for mtDNA deletion studies. The presence or absence of mtDNA deletions were investigated using long-range PCR in individual oocytes (n = 62). To determine the detection threshold for mtDNA heteroplasmy levels in individual oocytes, a novel NGS methodology was validated; artificial mixtures of the Bos taurus and Bos indicus mitochondrial genome were generated at 1, 2, 5, 15 and 50% ratios to experimentally mimic different levels of heteroplasmy. This NGS methodology was then employed to determine mtDNA heteroplasmy levels in single oocytes (n = 24). Oocyte mtDNA deletion and heteroplasmy data were analysed by binary logistic regression with respect to the effects of ovarian ageing and ovarian stimulation regimens. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Ovarian ageing, but not ovarian stimulation, increased the number of oocytes exhibiting mtDNA deletions (P = 0.04). A minimum mtDNA heteroplasmy level of 2% was validated as a sensitive (97-100%) threshold for variant detection in individual oocytes using NGS. Few mtDNA heteroplasmies were detected across the individual oocytes, with only 15 oocyte-specific variants confined to two of the 24 oocytes studied. There was no relationship (P > 0.05) evident between ovarian ageing or ovarian stimulation and the presence of mtDNA heteroplasmies. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION The low number of oocytes collected from the natural ovarian cycles limited the analysis. Fertilization and developmental potential of the oocytes was not assessed as the oocytes were destroyed for mtDNA deletion and heteroplasmy analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS If the findings of this model apply to the human, this study suggests that the incidence of mtDNA deletions increases with age, but not with degree of ovarian stimulation, while the frequency of mtDNA heteroplasmies may be low regardless of ovarian ageing or level of ovarian stimulation. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS Funding was provided by Fertility Associates, the Nurture Foundation for Reproductive Research, the Fertility Society of Australia, and the Auckland Medical Research Foundation. J.C.P. is a shareholder of Fertility Associates and M.P.G. received a fellowship from Fertility Associates. The other authors of this manuscript declare no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the reported research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Hammond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mark P Green
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Martin C Berg
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - John C Peek
- Fertility Associates, Greenlane, Auckland 1051, New Zealand
| | - Lynsey M Cree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand Fertility Associates, Greenlane, Auckland 1051, New Zealand
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20
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Moussa M, Shu J, Zhang X, Zeng F. Maternal control of oocyte quality in cattle “a review”. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 155:11-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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21
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Steffann J, Monnot S, Bonnefont JP. mtDNA mutations variously impact mtDNA maintenance throughout the human embryofetal development. Clin Genet 2015; 88:416-24. [PMID: 25523230 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the largest generator of ATP in the cell. It is therefore expected that energy-requiring processes such as oocyte maturation, early embryonic or fetal development, would be adversely impacted in case of mitochondrial deficiency. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations constitute a spontaneous model of mitochondrial failure and offer the opportunity to study the consequences of energetic defects over fertility and embryofetal development. This review provides an update on the mtDNA metabolism in the early preimplantation embryo, and compiles data showing the impact of mtDNA mutations over mtDNA segregation. Despite convincing evidences about the essential role of mitochondria in oogenesis and preimplantation development, no correlation between the presence of a mtDNA mutation and fertilization failure, impaired oocyte quality, or embryofetal development arrest was found. In some cases, mutant cells might upregulate their mitochondrial content to overcome the bioenergetic defects induced by mtDNA mutations, and might escape negative selection. Finally we discuss some of the clinical consequences of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steffann
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - S Monnot
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - J-P Bonnefont
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine and INSERM U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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22
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Oocyte environment: follicular fluid and cumulus cells are critical for oocyte health. Fertil Steril 2014; 103:303-16. [PMID: 25497448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional somatic cell-oocyte signaling is essential to create a changing intrafollicular microenvironment that controls primordial follicle growth into a cohort of growing follicles, from which one antral follicle is selected to ovulate a healthy oocyte. Such intercellular communications allow the oocyte to determine its own fate by influencing the intrafollicular microenvironment, which in turn provides the necessary cellular functions for oocyte developmental competence, which is defined as the ability of the oocyte to complete meiosis and undergo fertilization, embryogenesis, and term development. These coordinated somatic cell-oocyte interactions attempt to balance cellular metabolism with energy requirements during folliculogenesis, including changing energy utilization during meiotic resumption. If these cellular mechanisms are perturbed by metabolic disease and/or maternal aging, molecular damage of the oocyte can alter macromolecules, induce mitochondrial mutations, and reduce adenosine triphosphate production, all of which can harm the oocyte. Recent technologies are now exploring transcriptional, translational, and post-translational events within the human follicle with the goal of identifying biomarkers that reliably predict oocyte quality in the clinical setting.
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23
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Schatten H, Sun QY, Prather R. The impact of mitochondrial function/dysfunction on IVF and new treatment possibilities for infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:111. [PMID: 25421171 PMCID: PMC4297407 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital roles in oocyte functions and they are critical indicators of oocyte quality which is important for fertilization and development into viable offspring. Quality-compromised oocytes are correlated with infertility, developmental disorders, reduced blastocyst cell number and embryo loss in which mitochondrial dysfunctions play a significant role. Increasingly, women affected by metabolic disorders such as diabetes or obesity and oocyte aging are seeking treatment in IVF clinics to overcome the effects of adverse metabolic conditions on mitochondrial functions and new treatments have become available to restore oocyte quality. The past decade has seen enormous advances in potential therapies to restore oocyte quality and includes dietary components and transfer of mitochondria from cells with mitochondrial integrity into mitochondria-impaired oocytes. New technologies have opened up new possibilities for therapeutic advances which will increase the success rates for IVF of oocytes from women with compromised oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080 Beijing, China
| | - Randall Prather
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, 65211 Columbia, USA
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, 65211 Columbia, USA
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24
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The role of mitochondria from mature oocyte to viable blastocyst. Obstet Gynecol Int 2013; 2013:183024. [PMID: 23766762 PMCID: PMC3671549 DOI: 10.1155/2013/183024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oocyte requires a vast supply of energy after fertilization to support critical events such as spindle formation, chromatid separation, and cell division. Until blastocyst implantation, the developing zygote is dependent on the existing pool of mitochondria. That pool size within each cell decreases with each cell division. Mitochondria obtained from oocytes of women of advanced reproductive age harbor DNA deletions and nucleotide variations that impair function. The combination of lower number and increased frequency of mutations and deletions may result in inadequate mitochondrial activity necessary for continued embryo development and cause pregnancy failure. Previous reports suggested that mitochondrial activity within oocytes may be supplemented by donor cytoplasmic transfer at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Those reports showed success; however, safety concerns arose due to the potential of two distinct populations of mitochondrial genomes in the offspring. Mitochondrial augmentation of oocytes is now reconsidered in light of our current understanding of mitochondrial function and the publication of a number of animal studies. With a better understanding of the role of this organelle in oocytes immediately after fertilization, blastocyst and offspring, mitochondrial augmentation may be reconsidered as a method to improve oocyte quality.
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