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Um YW, Kwon WY, Seong SY, Suh GJ. Protective role of kallistatin in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2024; 11:43-50. [PMID: 38204159 PMCID: PMC11009709 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is implicated in various clinical diseases. Kallistatin attenuates oxidative stress, and its deficiency has been associated with poor neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. The present study investigated the antioxidant mechanism through which kallistatin prevents IR injury. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the human kallistatin gene (SERPINA4). Following SERPINA4 knockdown, the level of kallistatin expression was measured. To induce IR injury, HUVECs were exposed to 24 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). To evaluate the effect of SERPINA4 knockdown on OGD/R, cell viability and the concentration of kallistatin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and total NO were measured. RESULTS SERPINA4 siRNA transfection suppressed the expression of kallistatin in HUVECs. Exposure to OGD/R reduced cell viability, and this effect was more pronounced in SERPINA4 knockdown cells compared with controls. SERPINA4 knockdown significantly reduced kallistatin concentration regardless of OGD/R, with a more pronounced effect observed without OGD/R. Furthermore, SERPINA4 knockdown significantly decreased eNOS concentrations induced by OGD/R (P<0.01) but did not significantly affect the change in total NO concentration (P=0.728). CONCLUSION The knockdown of SERPINA4 resulted in increased vulnerability of HUVECs to OGD/R and significantly affected the change in eNOS level induced by OGD/R. These findings suggest that the protective effect of kallistatin against IR injury may contribute to its eNOS-promoting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Um
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Disaster Medicine Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Disaster Medicine Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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INOUE M, TANIDA T, KONDO T, TAKENAKA S, NAKAJIMA T. Oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced glial cell reactivity in the rat primary neuron-glia co-culture. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:799-808. [PMID: 37407448 PMCID: PMC10466061 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that in vivo brain ischemia induces activation and proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. However, the mechanism underlying the ischemia-induced activation and proliferation of these cells remains to be unclear. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro ischemia mimic, has been extensively used to analyze the hypoxia response of various cell types. This study examined the OGD-induced changes in the expression level of astrocytes and microglia marker proteins and immunoreactivity for Ki-67, a marker protein for cell proliferation, using rat primary hippocampal neuron-glia co-culture (NGC) cells. Furthermore, OGD-induced changes in the expression of M1/M2 microglia phenotype-related genes were also examined. MTT assay indicated that 120 min of OGD decreased cell viability, and immunocytochemistry indicated that 120 min of OGD abolished most microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-immunopositive neurons. In contrast, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunopositive astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (Iba-1)-immunopositive microglia, and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase)-immunopositive oligodendrocytes survived OGD. Western blot assays and double-immunofluorescent staining indicated that OGD increased the GFAP expression level and the Ki-67-immunopositive/GFAP-immunopositive cells' ratio. Real-time PCR analysis showed that OGD altered M1 microglia phenotype-related genes. Specifically, OGD decreased the expression level of CD32 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) genes and increased that of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. Therefore, applying OGD to NGC cells could serve as a useful in vitro tool to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying brain ischemia-induced changes in GFAP expression, astrocyte proliferation, and M1 microglia phenotype-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko INOUE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi TANIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro KONDO
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Veterinary
Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo TAKENAKA
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and
Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki NAKAJIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Aoki Y, Dai H, Furuta F, Akamatsu T, Oshima T, Takahashi N, Goto YI, Oka A, Itoh M. LOX-1 mediates inflammatory activation of microglial cells through the p38-MAPK/NF-κB pathways under hypoxic-ischemic conditions. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:126. [PMID: 37268943 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial cells play an important role in the immune system in the brain. Activated microglial cells are not only injurious but also neuroprotective. We confirmed marked lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in microglial cells in pathological lesions in the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (nHIE) model brain. LOX-1 is known to be an activator of cytokines and chemokines through intracellular pathways. Here, we investigated a novel role of LOX-1 and the molecular mechanism of LOX-1 gene transcription microglial cells under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. METHODS We isolated primary rat microglial cells from 3-day-old rat brains and confirmed that the isolated cells showed more than 98% Iba-1 positivity with immunocytochemistry. We treated primary rat microglial cells with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) as an in vitro model of nHIE. Then, we evaluated the expression levels of LOX-1, cytokines and chemokines in cells treated with or without siRNA and inhibitors compared with those of cells that did not receive OGD-treatment. To confirm transcription factor binding to the OLR-1 gene promoter under the OGD conditions, we performed a luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, we analyzed reactive oxygen species and cell viability. RESULTS We found that defects in oxygen and nutrition induced LOX-1 expression and led to the production of inflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; the chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CCL3; and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Then, the LOX-1 signal transduction pathway was blocked by inhibitors, LOX-1 siRNA, the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators. We found that NF-κB and HIF-1α bind to the promoter region of the OLR-1 gene. Based on the results of the luciferase reporter assay, NF-κB has strong transcriptional activity. Moreover, we demonstrated that LOX-1 in microglial cells was autonomously overexpressed by positive feedback of the intracellular LOX-1 pathway. CONCLUSION The hypoxic/ischemic conditions of microglial cells induced LOX-1 expression and activated the immune system. LOX-1 and its related molecules or chemicals may be major therapeutic candidates. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Aoki
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake-cho Kihara 5200, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumika Furuta
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Akamatsu
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Oshima
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
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Lu CH, Chen DX, Dong K, Wu YJ, Na N, Wen H, Hu YS, Liang YY, Wu SY, Lin BY, Huang F, Zeng ZY. Inhibition of miR-143-3p alleviates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via limiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Biol Chem 2023; 404:619-631. [PMID: 36780323 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-143-3p is a potential regulatory molecule in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), wherein its expression and pathological effects remains controversial. Thus, a mouse MI/RI and cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were built for clarifying the miR-143-3p's role in MI/RI. Following myocardial ischemia for 30 min, mice underwent reperfusion for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. It was found miR-143-3p increased in the ischemic heart tissue over time after reperfusion. Cardiomyocytes transfected with miR-143-3p were more susceptible to apoptosis. Mechanistically, miR-143-3p targeted B cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2). And miR-143-3p inhibition reduced cardiomyocytes apoptosis upon H/R, whereas it was reversed by a specific bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737. Of note, miR-143-3p inhibition upregulated bcl-2 with better mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reduced cytoplasmic cytochrome c (cyto-c) and caspase proteins, and minimized infarction area in mice upon I/R. Collectively, inhibition of miR-143-3p might alleviate MI/RI via targeting bcl-2 to limit mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. To our knowledge, this study further clarifies the miR-143-3p's pathological role in the early stages of MI/RI, and inhibiting miR-143-3p could be an effective treatment for ischemic myocardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Hong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - De-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Na Na
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, No.10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yao-Shi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Ying Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Si-Yi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Bei-You Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuhai City People's Hospital, No.79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai 519050, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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Soldozy S, Dalzell C, Skaff A, Ali Y, Norat P, Yagmurlu K, Park MS, Kalani MYS. Reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke: Tackling the irony of revascularization. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 225:107574. [PMID: 36696846 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion injury is an unfortunate consequence of restoring blood flow to tissue after a period of ischemia. This phenomenon can occur in any organ, although it has been best studied in cardiac cells. Based on cardiovascular studies, neuroprotective strategies have been developed. The molecular biology of reperfusion injury remains to be fully elucidated involving several mechanisms, however these mechanisms all converge on a similar final common pathway: blood brain barrier disruption. This results in an inflammatory cascade that ultimately leads to a loss of cerebral autoregulation and clinical worsening. In this article, the authors present an overview of these mechanisms and the current strategies being employed to minimize injury after restoration of blood flow to compromised cerebral territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Christina Dalzell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Skaff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pedro Norat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Min S Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - M Yashar S Kalani
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, and St. John's Neuroscience Institute, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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Oh JS, Park J, Kim K, Jeong HH, Oh YM, Choi S, Choi KH. HSP70-mediated neuroprotection by combined treatment of valproic acid with hypothermia in a rat asphyxial cardiac arrest model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253328. [PMID: 34138955 PMCID: PMC8211226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that valproic acid (VPA) combined with therapeutic hypothermia can improve survival and neurologic outcomes in a rat asphyxial cardiac arrest model. However, neuroprotective mechanisms of such combined treatment of valproic acid with hypothermia remains unclear. We hypothesized that epigenetic regulation of HSP70 by histone acetylation could increase HSP70-mediated neuroprotection suppressed under hypothermia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats that achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from asphyxial cardiac arrest were randomized to four groups: normothermia (37°C ± 1°C), hypothermia (33°C ± 1°C), normothermia + VPA (300 mg/kg IV initiated 5 minutes post-ROSC and infused over 20 min), and hypothermia + VPA. Three hours after ROSC, acetyl-histone H3 was highly expressed in VPA-administered groups (normothermia + VPA, hypothermia + VPA). Four hours after ROSC, HSP70 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in normothermic groups (normothermia, normothermia + VPA) than in hypothermic groups (hypothermia, hypothermia + VPA). The hypothermia + VPA group showed significantly higher HSP70 mRNA expression than the hypothermia group. Similarly, at five hours after ROSC, HSP70 protein levels were significantly higher in normothermic groups than in hypothermic groups. HSP70 levels were significantly higher in the hypothermia + VPA group than in the hypothermia group. Only the hypothermia + VPA group showed significantly attenuated cleaved caspase-9 levels than the normothermia group. Hypothermia can attenuate the expression of HSP70 at transcriptional level. However, VPA administration can induce hyperacetylation of histone H3, leading to epigenetic transcriptional activation of HSP70 even in a hypothermic status. Combining VPA treatment with hypothermia may compensate for reduced activation of HSP70-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Suk Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtaek Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwook Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
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Ferreira RES, de Paiva BLC, de Freitas FGR, Machado FR, Silva GS, Raposo RM, Silveira CF, Centeno RS. Efficacy and Safety of a Nasopharyngeal Catheter for Selective Brain Cooling in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective, Non-randomized Pilot Study. Neurocrit Care 2021; 34:581-592. [PMID: 32676873 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy objective was to determine whether a novel nasopharyngeal catheter could be used to cool the human brain after traumatic brain injury, and the safety objective was to assess the local and systemic effects of this therapeutic strategy. METHODS This was a prospective, non-randomized, interventional clinical trial that involved five patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The intervention consisted of inducing and maintaining selective brain cooling for 24 h by positioning a catheter in the nasopharynx and circulating cold water inside the catheter in a closed-loop arrangement. Core temperature was maintained at ≥ 35 °C using counter-warming. RESULTS In all study participants, a brain temperature reduction of ≥ 2 °C was achieved. The mean brain temperature reduction from baseline was 2.5 ± 0.9 °C (P = .04, 95% confidence interval). The mean systemic temperature was 37.3 ± 1.1 °C at baseline and 36.0 ± 0.8 °C during the intervention. The mean difference between the brain temperature and the systemic temperature during intervention was - 1.2 ± 0.8 °C (P = .04). The intervention was well tolerated with no significant changes observed in the hemodynamic parameters. No relevant variations in intracranial pressure and transcranial Doppler were observed. The laboratory results underwent no major changes, aside from the K+ levels and blood counts. The K+ levels significantly varied (P = .04); however, the variation was within the normal range. Only one patient experienced an event of mild localized and superficial nasal discoloration, which was re-evaluated on the seventh day and indicated complete recovery. CONCLUSION The results suggest that our noninvasive method for selective brain cooling, using a novel nasopharyngeal catheter, was effective and safe for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Einsfeld Simões Ferreira
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Moema 170, Cj. 83. Moema, São Paulo, SP, 04077-020, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Flávia Ribeiro Machado
- Departamento de Anestesiologia, Dor e Terapia Intensiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Sampaio Silva
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Moema 170, Cj. 83. Moema, São Paulo, SP, 04077-020, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mônaco Raposo
- Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia UNIFESP e Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Santa Paula, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Conrado Feisthauer Silveira
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Moema 170, Cj. 83. Moema, São Paulo, SP, 04077-020, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Silva Centeno
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Moema 170, Cj. 83. Moema, São Paulo, SP, 04077-020, Brazil
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Circular RNA circ_0010729 Knockdown Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Human Cardiac Myocytes Injury by miR-338-3p/CALM2 Axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:594-602. [PMID: 33951696 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Circular RNAs have pivotal roles in cardiovascular disease. The injury of cardiac myocytes is associated with occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0010729 (circ_0010729) is associated with cardiac myocytes injury. However, the mechanism of circ_0010729 in cardiac myocytes injury remains largely unclear. In our study, cardiac myocytes were treated by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The abundances of circ_0010729, microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p), and calmodulin 2 (CALM2) were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. OGD-induced damage in AC16 cells was assessed by cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses. The target relationship of miR-338-3p and circ_0010729 or CALM2 was explored by starBase and dual-luciferase reporter analysis. Our results showed that the circ_0010729 level was enhanced in OGD-treated AC16 cells and murine primary cardiac myocytes. circ_0010729 silence weakened OGD-induced viability inhibition and promotion of apoptosis and autophagy in AC16 cells and murine primary cardiac myocytes. miR-338-3p was sponged by circ_0010729 and miR-338-3p knockdown alleviated the effect of circ_0010729 silence on OGD-induced damage. miR-338-3p directly targeted CALM2 to inhibit OGD-induced damage in AC16 cells. circ_0010729 could regulate CALM2 expression by sponging miR-338-3p. Collectively, circ_0010729 interference mitigated OGD-induced damage in cardiac myocytes through increasing cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy by regulating miR-338-3p/CALM2 axis. This study indicated circ_0010729 might act as a target for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Yamada KP, Kariya T, Aikawa T, Ishikawa K. Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Normal and Ischemic Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:642843. [PMID: 33659283 PMCID: PMC7919696 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.642843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia has been used for treating brain injury after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Its potential benefit on minimizing myocardial ischemic injury has been explored, but clinical evidence has yet to confirm positive results in preclinical studies. Importantly, therapeutic hypothermia for myocardial infarction is unique in that it can be initiated prior to reperfusion, in contrast to its application for brain injury in resuscitated cardiac arrest patients. Recent advance in cooling technology allows more rapid cooling of the heart than ever and new clinical trials are designed to examine the efficacy of rapid therapeutic hypothermia for myocardial infarction. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the effect of hypothermia on normal and ischemic hearts and discuss issues to be solved in order to realize its clinical application for treating acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P Yamada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Taro Kariya
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tadao Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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10
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The Effects of Targeted Temperature Management on Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Injury and DAMP Release in Murine Primary Cardiomyocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1234840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) is a primary cause of myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction resulting in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which can induce a sterile inflammatory response in the myocardial penumbra. Targeted temperature management (TTM) after I/R has been established for neuroprotection, but the cardioprotective effect remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effect of TTM on cell viability, immune response, and DAMP release during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in murine primary cardiomyocytes. Methods. Primary cardiomyocytes from P1-3 mice were exposed to 2, 4, or 6 hours OGD (0.2% oxygen in medium without glucose and serum) followed by 6, 12, or 24 hours simulated reperfusion (21% oxygen in complete medium). TTM at 33.5°C was initiated intra-OGD, and a control group was maintained at 37°C normoxia. Necrosis was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis by caspase-3 activation. OGD-induced DAMP secretions were assessed by Western blotting. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokines, and antiapoptotic RBM3 and CIRBP gene expressions were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results. Increasing duration of OGD resulted in a transition from apoptotic programmed cell death to necrosis, as observed by decreasing caspase-3 cleavage and increasing LDH release. DAMP release and iNOS expression correlated with increasing necrosis and were effectively attenuated by TTM initiated during OGD. Moreover, TTM induced expression of antiapoptotic RBM3 and CIRBP. Conclusion. TTM protects the myocardium by attenuating cardiomyocyte necrosis induced by OGD and caspase-3 activation, possibly via induction of antiapoptotic RBM3 and CIRBP expressions, during reperfusion. OGD induces increased Hsp70 and CIRBP releases, but HMGB-1 is the dominant mediator of inflammation secreted by cardiomyocytes after prolonged exposure. TTM has the potential to attenuate DAMP release.
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Chen J, Bian X, Li Y, Xiao X, Yin Y, Du X, Wang C, Li L, Bai Y, Liu X. Moderate hypothermia induces protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by enhancing SUMOylation in cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2617-2626. [PMID: 32945433 PMCID: PMC7453665 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate hypothermia plays a major role in myocardial cell death as a result of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. However, few studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of hypothermic cardioprotection. Several responses to stress and other cell functions are regulated by post‑translational protein modifications controlled by small ubiquitin‑like modifier (SUMO). Previous studies have established that high SUMOylation of proteins potentiates the ability of cells to withstand hypoxic‑ischemic stress. The level to which moderate hypothermia affects SUMOylation is not fully understood, as the functions of SUMOylation in the heart have not been studied in depth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of moderate hypothermia (33˚C) on the protective functions of SUMOylation on myocardial cells. HL‑1 and H9c2 cells were treated with the hypoxia‑mimetic chemical CoCl2 and complete medium to simulate H/R injury. Hypothermia intervention was then administered. A Cell Counting kit‑8 assay was used to analyze cell viability. Mitochondrial membrane potential and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were used as functional indexes of mitochondria dysfunction. Bcl‑2 and caspase‑3 expression levels were analyzed by western blotting. The present results suggested that moderate hypothermia significantly increased SUMO1 and Bcl‑2 expression levels, as well as the mitochondrial membrane potential, but significantly decreased the expression levels of caspase‑3 and mitochondrial ROS. Thus, moderate hypothermia may enhance SUMOylation and attenuate myocardial H/R injury. Moreover, a combination of SUMOylation and moderate hypothermia may be a potential cardiovascular intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Chen
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiyun Bian
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yanying Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Cuancuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yaowu Bai
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
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Increased PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy explains the improved brain protective effects of slow rewarming following hypothermia after cardiac arrest in rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Post-TTM Rebound Pyrexia after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Results in Sterile Inflammation and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6431957. [PMID: 31871429 PMCID: PMC6906799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6431957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fever is frequently observed after acute ischemic events and is associated with poor outcome and higher mortality. Targeted temperature management (TTM) is recommended for neuroprotection in comatose cardiac arrest survivors, but pyrexia after rewarming is proven to be detrimental in clinical trials. However, the cellular mechanisms and kinetics of post-TTM rebound pyrexia remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of cooling and post-TTM pyrexia on the inflammatory response and apoptosis in a cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury model. Methods HL-1 cardiomyocytes were divided into the following groups to investigate the effect of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), hypothermia (33.5°C), and pyrexia (40°C): normoxia controls maintained at 37°C and warmed to 40°C, OGD/R groups maintained at 37°C and cooled to 33.5°C for 24 h with rewarming to 37°C, and OGD/R pyrexia groups further warmed from 37 to 40°C. Caspase-3 and RBM3 were assessed by Western blot and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, SOCS3, iNOS, and RBM3 transcriptions by RT-qPCR. Results OGD-induced oxidative stress (iNOS) in cardiomyocytes was attenuated post-TTM by cooling. Cytokine transcriptions were suppressed by OGD, while reperfusion induced significant TNF-α transcription that was exacerbated by cooling. Significant inductions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and SOCS3 were observed in noncooled, but not in cooled and rewarmed, OGD/R-injured cardiomyocytes. Further warming to pyrexia induced a sterile inflammatory response in OGD/R-injured groups that was attenuated by previous cooling, but no inflammation was observed in pyrexic normoxia groups. Moreover, cytoprotective RBM3 expression was induced by cooling but suppressed by pyrexia, correlating with apoptotic caspase-3 activation. Conclusion Our findings show that maintaining a period of post-TTM “therapeutic normothermia” is effective in preventing secondary apoptosis-driven myocardial cell death, thus minimizing the infarct area and further release of mediators of the innate sterile inflammatory response after acute IR injury.
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Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Sinclair DA, Kroemer G, Pinton P, Galluzzi L. Targeting mitochondria for cardiovascular disorders: therapeutic potential and obstacles. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:33-55. [PMID: 30177752 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction has a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular disorders. Over the past 2 decades, extraordinary efforts have been focused on the development of agents that specifically target mitochondria for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Despite such an intensive wave of investigation, no drugs specifically conceived to modulate mitochondrial functions are currently available for the clinical management of cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria in patients with cardiovascular disease, examine the obstacles that have restrained the development of mitochondria-targeting agents thus far, and identify strategies that might empower the full clinical potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Wowro SJ, Tong G, Krech J, Rolfs N, Berger F, Schmitt KRL. Combined Cyclosporin A and Hypothermia Treatment Inhibits Activation of BV-2 Microglia but Induces an Inflammatory Response in an Ischemia/Reperfusion Hippocampal Slice Culture Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:273. [PMID: 31293389 PMCID: PMC6603137 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypothermia attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal cell death associated with neuroinflammation. The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) has been shown to be neuroprotective by minimizing activation of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, we investigated whether the combination of hypothermia and treatment with CsA has neuroprotective effects in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury model in neuronal and BV-2 microglia monocultures, as well as in an organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC). Methods Murine primary neurons, BV-2 microglia, and OHSC were pretreated with CsA and exposed to 1 h OGD (0.2% O2) followed by reperfusion at normothermia (37°C) or hypothermia (33.5°C). Cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate releases. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) were detected in cultured supernatant by western blot analysis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1α and -1β (IL-1α/IL1-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glia activation factors ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results Exposure to OGD plus 10 μM CsA was sufficient to induce necrotic cell death and subsequent release of DAMPs in neurons but not BV-2 microglia. Moreover, OGD/R-induced secondary injury was also observed only in the neurons, which was not attenuated by cooling and no increased toxicity by CsA was observed. BV-2 microglia were not sensitive to OGD/R-induced injury but were susceptible to CsA-induced toxicity in a dose dependent manner, which was minimized by hypothermia. CsA attenuated IL-1β and Iba1 expressions in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD/R. Hypothermia reduced IL-1β and iNOS expressions but induced TNF-α and Iba1 expressions in the microglia. However, these observations did not translate to the ex vivo OHCS model, as general high expressions of most cytokines investigated were observed. Conclusion Treatment with CsA has neurotoxic effects on primary neurons exposed to OGD but could inhibit BV-2 microglia activation. However, CsA and hypothermia treatment after ischemia/reperfusion injury results in cytotoxic neuroinflammation in the complex ex vivo OHSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Wowro
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giang Tong
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Krech
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nele Rolfs
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina R L Schmitt
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Li Y, Wu X, Liu X, Li P. Mitophagy imbalance in cardiomyocyte ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13228. [PMID: 30507035 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rhythmic contraction of cardiomyocytes consumes a lot of energy. 90% of ATP in cardiomyocytes is produced by mitochondria. Maintenance of a healthy population of mitochondria by mitophagy is critical for cardiomyocyte survival and normal function. Mitophagy refers to selective removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy mechanism. The process of mitophagy must be restricted to dysfunctional mitochondria and maintained at a balanced level. Disruption in the balance inevitably leads to cardiomyocyte injury and dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitophagy plays a pivotal role in ischaemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of mitophgy in cardiomyocyte function, the implications for cardiomyocyte injury in response to ischaemia/reperfusion as well as their underlying potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐zhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xu‐dong Wu
- Department of Out‐patient PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xiu‐hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Pei‐feng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Wang Q, Xu Y, Gao Y, Wang Q. Actinidia chinensis planch polysaccharide protects against hypoxia‑induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:193-201. [PMID: 29750308 PMCID: PMC6059669 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is frequently accompanied by ischemic heart disease. Actinidia chinensis planch polysaccharide (ACP) is the main active compound from Actinidia chinensis planch. In the present study, a cardiac hypertrophy model was produced by treating cells with Angiotensin II (Ang II), which was used to investigate whether ACP protected against cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. It was demonstrated that ACP alleviated Ang II‑induced cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, pretreatment with ACP prior to hypoxic culture reduced the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as investigated by flow cytometry. Cell Counting kit‑8 analysis demonstrated that ACP maintained the cell viability of cardiomyocytes. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that ACP inhibited hypoxia‑induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. Additionally, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays demonstrated that ACP decreased the expression of apoptosis‑associated genes including apoptosis‑inducing factor mitochondria associated 1, the cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases caspases‑3/8/9, and cleaved caspases‑3/8/9. The results of the present study also demonstrated that ACP inhibited the activation of the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. Furthermore, the specific activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT reversed the apoptotic‑inhibitory effect of ACP. In conclusion, the protective effects of ACP against hypoxia‑induced apoptosis may depend on depressing the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Radiology Department, The 2nd Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110101, P.R. China
| | - Yunfa Xu
- Radiology Department, The 2nd Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110101, P.R. China
| | - Ying Gao
- Radiology Department, The 2nd Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110101, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Radiology Department, The 2nd Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110101, P.R. China
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