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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Luo Y, An P, Qi J, Zhang X, Zhou S, Li Y, Xu C, Luo J, Wang J. Product of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longgui Yangxinwan Protects the Human Body from Altitude Sickness Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction. High Alt Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 38995860 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2024.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Yu Liu, Zhengyang Zhang, Yongting Luo, Peng An, Jingyi Qi, Xu Zhang, Shuaishuai Zhou, Yongzhi Li, Chong Xu, Junjie Luo, and Jiaping Wang. Product of traditional Chinese medicine longgui yangxinwan protects the human body from altitude sickness damage by reducing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. High Alt Med Biol. 00:00-00, 2024. Background: Plateau reaction, caused by high-altitude exposure, results in symptoms like headaches, dyspnea, palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, and insomnia due to reduced oxygen levels. Mitochondria are crucial for high-altitude acclimatization as they regulate oxygen metabolism and cellular energy, reducing oxidative stress and maintaining bodily functions. Methods: The study participants were randomly divided into placebo group, Rhodiola group and longgui yangxinwan (Original name: taikong yangxinwan) group, with 20 people in each group. Three groups of subjects were sampled at three time points (PI: pre-intervention; P-D1: high-altitude day 1; P-D7: high-altitude day 7), and blood pressure, blood oxygen, heart rate, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count were measured. The ATP content, mitochondrial DNA copy number, expression of mitochondria-related genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and mitochondrial morphology were measured in blood at each time point. Results: Our study results demonstrate that longgui yangxinwan keeps the selected human physiological indicators stable and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in the high altitude. Mechanically, longgui yangxinwan decreases the level of ROS in human serum, whereas increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme GSH-PX. At high-altitude day 1 (P-D1) and high-altitude day 7 (P-D7), ROS in the placebo group were 1.5 and 2.2-fold higher than those of the longgui yangxinwan group, respectively. In addition, longgui yangxinwan enhances ATP production capacity, restores the levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and effectively maintains mitochondrial morphology and integrity. At P-D1 and P-D7, the ATP levels in the longgui yangxinwan group were 19-fold and 26-fold higher than those in the placebo group, respectively. Conclusions: Our study highlights longgui yangxinwan as a potential drug for protecting humans from high-altitude damage by reducing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Xu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Qin G, Jiang B, Huang J, He S, Peng H. Melatonin regulates mitochondrial function to alleviate ferroptosis through the MT2/Akt signaling pathway in swine testicular cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15215. [PMID: 38956409 PMCID: PMC11219911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that many environmental and toxic factors can cause testicular damage, leading to testicular ferroptosis and subsequent male reproductive disorders. Melatonin is a major hormone and plays an vital role in regulating male reproduction. However, there is a lack of research on whether Mel can alleviate testicular cell ferroptosis and its specific mechanism. In this study, the results indicated that Mel could enhance the viability of swine testis cells undergoing ferroptosis, reduce LDH enzyme release, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, and affect the expression of ferroptosis biomarkers. Furthermore, we found that melatonin depended on melatonin receptor 1B to exert these functions. Detection of MMP and ferroptosis biomarker protein expression confirmed that MT2 acted through the downstream Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway can eliminate the protective effect of melatonin on ferroptosis, inhibit AMPK phosphorylation, reduce the expression of mitochondrial gated channel (VDAC2/3), and affect mitochondrial DNA transcription and ATP content. These results suggest that melatonin exerts a beneficial effect on mitochondrial function to mitigate ferroptosis through the MT2/Akt signaling pathway in ST cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Zhao
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ge Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jinglei Huang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Shiwen He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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3
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Carlström A, Ott M. Insights into conformational changes in cytochrome b during the early steps of its maturation. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1438-1448. [PMID: 38664235 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Membrane proteins carrying redox cofactors are key subunits of respiratory chain complexes, yet the exact path of their folding and maturation remains poorly understood. Here, using cryo-EM and structure prediction via Alphafold2, we generated models of early assembly intermediates of cytochrome b (Cytb), a central subunit of complex III. The predicted structure of the first assembly intermediate suggests how the binding of Cytb to the assembly factor Cbp3-Cbp6 imposes an open configuration to facilitate the acquisition of its heme cofactors. Moreover, structure predictions of the second intermediate indicate how hemes get stabilized by binding of the assembly factor Cbp4, with a concomitant weakening of the contact between Cbp3-Cbp6 and Cytb, preparing for the release of the fully hemylated protein from the assembly factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Carlström
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Kremer LS, Rehling P. Coordinating mitochondrial translation with assembly of the OXPHOS complexes. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:R47-R52. [PMID: 38779773 PMCID: PMC11112383 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system produces the majority of energy required by cells. Given the mitochondrion's endosymbiotic origin, the OXPHOS machinery is still under dual genetic control where most OXPHOS subunits are encoded by the nuclear DNA and imported into mitochondria, while a small subset is encoded on the mitochondrion's own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The nuclear and mtDNA encoded subunits must be expressed and assembled in a highly orchestrated fashion to form a functional OXPHOS system and meanwhile prevent the generation of any harmful assembly intermediates. While several mechanisms have evolved in eukaryotes to achieve such a coordinated expression, this review will focus on how the translation of mtDNA encoded OXPHOS subunits is tailored to OXPHOS assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Kremer
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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Eldeeb MH, Camacho Lopez LJ, Fontanesi F. Mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38529880 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The functional and structural relationship among the individual components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain constitutes a central aspect of our understanding of aerobic catabolism. This interplay has been a subject of intense debate for over 50 years. It is well established that individual respiratory enzymes associate into higher-order structures known as respiratory supercomplexes, which represent the evolutionarily conserved organizing principle of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, supercomplexes are formed by a complex III homodimer flanked by one or two complex IV monomers, and their high-resolution structures have been recently elucidated. Despite the wealth of structural information, several proposed supercomplex functions remain speculative and our understanding of their physiological relevance is still limited. Recent advances in the field were made possible by the construction of yeast strains where the association of complex III and IV into supercomplexes is impeded, leading to diminished respiratory capacity and compromised cellular competitive fitness. Here, we discuss the experimental evidence and hypotheses relative to the functional roles of yeast respiratory supercomplexes. Moreover, we review the current models of yeast complex III and IV assembly in the context of supercomplex formation and highlight the data scattered throughout the literature suggesting the existence of cross talk between their biogenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazzen H Eldeeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lizeth J Camacho Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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6
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Moradi M, Gao Y, Narenkumar J, Fan Y, Gu T, Carmona-Martinez AA, Xu D, Wang F. Filamentous marine Gram-positive Nocardiopsis dassonvillei biofilm as biocathode and its electron transfer mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168347. [PMID: 37935264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated electrochemical characteristics of Gram-positive, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei B17 facultative bacterium in bioelectrochemical systems. The results demonstrated that anodic and cathodic reaction rates were catalyzed by this bacterium, especially by utilization of aluminium alloy as a substrate. Cyclic voltammogram results depicted an increase of peak current and surface area through biofilm development, confirming its importance on catalysis of redox reactions. Phenazine derivatives were detected and their electron mediating behavior was evaluated exogenously. A symmetrical redox peak in the range of -59 to -159 mV/SHE was observed in cyclic voltammogram of bacterial solution supplemented with 12 μM phenazine, a result consistent with cyclic voltammogram of a 5-d biofilm, confirming its importance as an electron mediator in extracellular electron transfer. Furthermore, the dependency of bacterial catalysis and polarization potential were studied. These results suggested that B17 biofilm behaved as a biocathode and transferred electrons to bacterial cells through a mechanism associated with electron mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moradi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jayaraman Narenkumar
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yongqiang Fan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | | | - Dake Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Fuhui Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Zulkifli M, Okonkwo AU, Gohil VM. FDX1 Is Required for the Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase in Mammalian Cells. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168317. [PMID: 37858707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxins (FDXs) are evolutionarily conserved iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins that function as electron transfer proteins in diverse metabolic pathways. Mammalian mitochondria contain two ferredoxins, FDX1 and FDX2, which share a high degree of structural similarity but exhibit different functionalities. Previous studies have established the unique role of FDX2 in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters; however, FDX1 seems to have multiple targets in vivo, some of which are only recently emerging. Using CRISPR-Cas9-based loss-of-function studies in rat cardiomyocyte cell line, we demonstrate an essential requirement of FDX1 in mitochondrial respiration and energy production. We attribute reduced mitochondrial respiration to a specific decrease in the abundance and assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), a mitochondrial heme-copper oxidase and the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. FDX1 knockout cells have reduced levels of copper and heme a/a3, factors that are essential for the maturation of the CcO enzyme complex. Copper supplementation failed to rescue CcO biogenesis, but overexpression of heme a synthase, COX15, partially rescued COX1 abundance in FDX1 knockout cells. This finding links FDX1 function to heme a biosynthesis, and places it upstream of COX15 in CcO biogenesis like its ancestral yeast homolog. Taken together, our work has identified FDX1 as a critical CcO biogenesis factor in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Adriana U Okonkwo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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8
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Chang X, Xu Y, Cheng L, Yi K, Gu X, Luo Z, Zhang J, Wang J, Geng F. Quantitative proteomic analysis of cattle-yak and yak longissimus thoracis provides insights into the differential mechanisms of meat quality. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113253. [PMID: 37803567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, proteins of cattle-yak longissimus thoracis (CYLT) and yak longissimus thoracis (YLT) were compared using tandem mass tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of 157 proteins were screened as differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) derived from 1551 quantitative proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the upregulated DAPs in CYLT were mainly involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, muscle fiber structure, and extracellular matrix (ECM), while the downregulated DAPs were mainly involved in energy metabolism and ECM function. The upregulated myoglobin, downregulation of NADH dehydrogenase, and upregulation of cytochrome oxidase indicated that CYLT initiates compensatory regulation in response to hypoxic high-altitude environments. Two differentially abundant myosins and five collagens suggested that CYLT and YLT may have distinct differences in the assembly structure of muscle fibers and connective tissue. These differences in energy metabolism and muscle structure will inevitably affect the postmortem physiology of "muscle to meat" and consequently the meat qualities. Therefore, our results will provide important clues to gain insight into the potential causes of meat quality differences between cattle-yak and yak based on high-altitude response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Chang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yisha Xu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Kaige Yi
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China; College of Food Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Xuedong Gu
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China; College of Food Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China; College of Food Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China.
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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9
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Franco LVR, Su CH, Simas Teixeira L, Almeida Clarck Chagas J, Barros MH, Tzagoloff A. Allotopic expression of COX6 elucidates Atco-driven co-assembly of cytochrome oxidase and ATP synthase. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301965. [PMID: 37604582 PMCID: PMC10442929 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cox6 subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome oxidase (COX) and the Atp9 subunit of the ATP synthase are encoded in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, respectively. The two proteins interact to form Atco complexes that serve as the source of Atp9 for ATP synthase assembly. To determine if Atco is also a precursor of COX, we pulse-labeled Cox6 in isolated mitochondria of a cox6 nuclear mutant with COX6 in mitochondrial DNA. Only a small fraction of the newly translated Cox6 was found to be present in Atco, which can explain the low concentration of COX and poor complementation of the cox6 mutation by the allotopic gene. This and other pieces of evidence presented in this study indicate that Atco is an obligatory source of Cox6 for COX biogenesis. Together with our finding that atp9 mutants fail to assemble COX, we propose a regulatory model in which Atco unidirectionally couples the biogenesis of COX to that of the ATP synthase to maintain a proper ratio of these two complexes of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Veloso R Franco
- https://ror.org/00hj8s172 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/036rp1748 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Chen-Hsien Su
- https://ror.org/00hj8s172 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorisa Simas Teixeira
- https://ror.org/00hj8s172 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mario Henrique Barros
- https://ror.org/036rp1748 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alexander Tzagoloff
- https://ror.org/00hj8s172 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Kohler A, Carlström A, Nolte H, Kohler V, Jung SJ, Sridhara S, Tatsuta T, Berndtsson J, Langer T, Ott M. Early fate decision for mitochondrially encoded proteins by a molecular triage. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3470-3484.e8. [PMID: 37751741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Folding of newly synthesized proteins poses challenges for a functional proteome. Dedicated protein quality control (PQC) systems either promote the folding of nascent polypeptides at ribosomes or, if this fails, ensure their degradation. Although well studied for cytosolic protein biogenesis, it is not understood how these processes work for mitochondrially encoded proteins, key subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Here, we identify dedicated hubs in proximity to mitoribosomal tunnel exits coordinating mitochondrial protein biogenesis and quality control. Conserved prohibitin (PHB)/m-AAA protease supercomplexes and the availability of assembly chaperones determine the fate of newly synthesized proteins by molecular triaging. The localization of these competing activities in the vicinity of the mitoribosomal tunnel exit allows for a prompt decision on whether newly synthesized proteins are fed into OXPHOS assembly or are degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Carlström
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Kohler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sung-Jun Jung
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sagar Sridhara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Berndtsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Tao H, Zhu P, Xia W, Chu M, Chen K, Wang Q, Gu Y, Lu X, Bai J, Geng D. The Emerging Role of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Skeletal Aging. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0924. [PMID: 37815897 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for ensuring healthy mitochondria and normal cellular function. This process is primarily responsible for regulating processes that include mitochondrial OXPHOS, which generates ATP, as well as mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and mitophagy. Bone mesenchymal stem cells express factors that aid in bone formation and vascular growth. Positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow affects the differentiation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, the metabolic regulation of cells that play fundamental roles in various regions of the bone, as well as interactions within the bone microenvironment, actively participates in regulating bone integrity and aging. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is dependent on the regulation of intracellular organelles, thus understanding the impact of mitochondrial functional changes on overall bone metabolism is crucially important. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis can lead to morphological and functional abnormalities in senescent cells, particularly in the context of bone diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal diseases results in abnormal metabolism of bone-associated cells and a secondary dysregulated microenvironment within bone tissue. This imbalance in the oxidative system and immune disruption in the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to bone dysplasia. In this review, we examine the latest developments in mitochondrial respiratory chain regulation and its impacts on maintenance of bone health. Specifically, we explored whether enhancing mitochondrial function can reduce the occurrence of bone cell deterioration and improve bone metabolism. These findings offer prospects for developing bone remodeling biology strategies to treat age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Ramos-Campo DJ, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Martinez-Guardado I, Dalamitros AA, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2488. [PMID: 37760929 PMCID: PMC10526226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and psychiatric illnesses. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between mitochondria and brain disease, focusing on the underlying pathological mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic opportunities. The review covers key topics such as mitochondrial DNA mutations, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dynamics, calcium dysregulation, and reactive oxygen species generation in the context of brain disease. Additionally, it discusses emerging strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial protective agents, metabolic modulators, and gene therapy approaches. By critically analysing the existing literature and recent advancements, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in brain disease and shed light on novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Group de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Psychology Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | | | - Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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13
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Karpenko MN, Muruzheva ZM, Ilyechova EY, Babich PS, Puchkova LV. Abnormalities in Copper Status Associated with an Elevated Risk of Parkinson's Phenotype Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1654. [PMID: 37759957 PMCID: PMC10525645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, among the many reasons given for the development of idiopathic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), copper imbalance has been identified as a factor, and PD is often referred to as a copper-mediated disorder. More than 640 papers have been devoted to the relationship between PD and copper status in the blood, which include the following markers: total copper concentration, enzymatic ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration, Cp protein level, and non-ceruloplasmin copper level. Most studies measure only one of these markers. Therefore, the existence of a correlation between copper status and the development of PD is still debated. Based on data from the published literature, meta-analysis, and our own research, it is clear that there is a connection between the development of PD symptoms and the number of copper atoms, which are weakly associated with the ceruloplasmin molecule. In this work, the link between the risk of developing PD and various inborn errors related to copper metabolism, leading to decreased levels of oxidase ceruloplasmin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N. Karpenko
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (Z.M.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Zamira M. Muruzheva
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (Z.M.M.)
- State Budgetary Institution of Health Care “Leningrad Regional Clinical Hospital”, 194291 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Ilyechova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina S. Babich
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ludmila V. Puchkova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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14
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Geiger O, Sanchez-Flores A, Padilla-Gomez J, Degli Esposti M. Multiple approaches of cellular metabolism define the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0066. [PMID: 37556552 PMCID: PMC10411912 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We breathe at the molecular level when mitochondria in our cells consume oxygen to extract energy from nutrients. Mitochondria are characteristic cellular organelles that derive from aerobic bacteria and carry out oxidative phosphorylation and other key metabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells. The precise bacterial origin of mitochondria and, consequently, the ancestry of the aerobic metabolism of our cells remain controversial despite the vast genomic information that is now available. Here, we use multiple approaches to define the most likely living relatives of the ancestral bacteria from which mitochondria originated. These bacteria live in marine environments and exhibit the highest frequency of aerobic traits and genes for the metabolism of fundamental lipids that are present in the membranes of eukaryotes, sphingolipids, and cardiolipin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Geiger
- Center for Genomic Sciences, UNAM Campus de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformatica, Institute of Biotechnology, UNAM, Cuernavaca, México
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15
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Chen Q, Yao L, Liu Q, Hou J, Qiu X, Chen M, Wu Z, Hu D, Cui F, Yan T. Exosome-coated polydatin nanoparticles in the treatment of radiation-induced intestinal damage. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6905-6920. [PMID: 37466428 PMCID: PMC10415572 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an exosome-coated polydatin (PD) nanoparticles (exo-PD) for improving the water solubility and bioavailability of polydatin and explore its salutary effects on intestinal radiation injury. Exosomes (exo) were extracted from the medium of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSc). Mice were divided into control group, irradiation (IR) group, irradiation+PD (IR+PD) group, irradiation+exo (IR+exo) group and irradiation+exo-PD (IR+exo-PD) group. The results of characterization of protein markers, particle size, morphology and cellular uptake ability confirmed that exosomes were effectively isolated using ultracentrifugation. Compared with the IR group, exo-PD improved cell viability, prolonged survival of mice, improved leukocyte count and reduced diarrhea rate. Histological results showed that the exo-PD group had significant improvements in small intestinal villus length and crypt number and less crypt cell damage. exo-PD could reduce IL-1α and IL-6 levels, reduced γ-H2AX expression, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, and delayed cellular senescence. exo-PD could alleviate intestinal injury by improving mitochondrial function through PI3K-AKT pathway. The exo-PD was able to reduce radiation damage to intestinal cells and could be a potential candidate for salvage of intestinal radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Quanbin Liu
- Rocket Force Specialty Medical Center PLA, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Duanmin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Rocket Force Specialty Medical Center PLA, Beijing 100088, China
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16
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Shen ZF, Li L, Zhu XM, Liu XH, Klionsky DJ, Lin FC. Current opinions on mitophagy in fungi. Autophagy 2023; 19:747-757. [PMID: 35793406 PMCID: PMC9980689 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2098452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, as one of the most important cellular processes to ensure quality control of mitochondria, aims at transporting damaged, aging, dysfunctional or excess mitochondria to vacuoles (plants and fungi) or lysosomes (mammals) for degradation and recycling. The normal functioning of mitophagy is critical for cellular homeostasis from yeasts to humans. Although the role of mitophagy has been well studied in mammalian cells and in certain model organisms, especially the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, our understanding of its significance in other fungi, particularly in pathogenic filamentous fungi, is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have shown that mitophagy plays a vital role in spore production, vegetative growth and virulence of pathogenic fungi, which are very different from its roles in mammal and yeast. In this review, we summarize the functions of mitophagy for mitochondrial quality and quantity control, fungal growth and pathogenesis that have been reported in the field of molecular biology over the past two decades. These findings may help researchers and readers to better understand the multiple functions of mitophagy and provide new perspectives for the study of mitophagy in fungal pathogenesis.Abbreviations: AIM/LIR: Atg8-family interacting motif/LC3-interacting region; BAR: Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CK2: casein kinase 2; Cvt: cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; mETC: mitochondrial electron transport chain; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; OPTN: optineurin; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PHB2: prohibitin 2; PX: Phox homology; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TM: transmembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Amate-García G, Ballesta-Martínez MJ, Serrano-Lorenzo P, Garrido-Moraga R, González-Quintana A, Blázquez A, Rubio JC, García-Consuegra I, Arenas J, Ugalde C, Morán M, Guillén-Navarro E, Martín MA. A Novel Mutation Associated with Neonatal Lethal Cardiomyopathy Leads to an Alternative Transcript Expression in the X-Linked Complex I NDUFB11 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021743. [PMID: 36675256 PMCID: PMC9865986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a neonatal patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), lactic acidosis and isolated complex I deficiency. Using a customized next-generation sequencing panel, we identified a novel hemizygous variant c.338G>A in the X-linked NDUFB11 gene that encodes the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B11 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I (CI). Molecular and functional assays performed in the proband’s target tissues—skeletal and heart muscle—showed biochemical disturbances of the MRC, suggesting a pathogenic role for this variant. In silico analyses initially predicted an amino acid missense change p.(Arg113Lys) in the NDUFB11 CI subunit. However, we showed that the molecular effect of the c.338G>A variant, which is located at the last nucleotide of exon 2 of the NDUFB11 gene in the canonical ‘short’ transcript (sized 462 bp), instead causes a splicing defect triggering the up-regulation of the expression of an alternative ‘long’ transcript (sized 492 bp) that can also be detected in the control individuals. Our results support the hypothesis that the canonical ‘short’ transcript is required for the proper NDUFB11 protein synthesis, which is essential for optimal CI assembly and activity, whereas the longer alternative transcript seems to represent a non-functional, unprocessed splicing intermediate. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing the molecular effect of new variants in the affected patient’s tissues to demonstrate their pathogenicity and association with the clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Amate-García
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juliana Ballesta-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Serrano-Lorenzo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Garrido-Moraga
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián González-Quintana
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Blázquez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Rubio
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarnación Guillén-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín
- Grupo de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Mitochondrial Aging and Senolytic Natural Products with Protective Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416219. [PMID: 36555859 PMCID: PMC9784569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms do not disregard the laws of thermodynamics and must therefore consume energy for their survival. In this way, cellular energy exchanges, which aim above all at the production of ATP, a fundamental molecule used by the cell for its metabolisms, favor the formation of waste products that, if not properly disposed of, can contribute to cellular aging and damage. Numerous genes have been linked to aging, with some favoring it (gerontogenes) and others blocking it (longevity pathways). Animal model studies have shown that calorie restriction (CR) may promote longevity pathways, but given the difficult application of CR in humans, research is investigating the use of CR-mimetic substances capable of producing the same effect. These include some phytonutrients such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, epigallo-catechin-gallate, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin and minerals such as magnesium and selenium. Some of them also have senolytic effects, which promote the apoptosis of defective cells that accumulate over the years (senescent cells) and disrupt normal metabolism. In this article, we review the properties of these natural elements that can promote a longer and healthier life.
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Overexpression of MRX9 impairs processing of RNAs encoding mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation factors COB and COX1 in yeast. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102214. [PMID: 35779633 PMCID: PMC9307953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial translation is a highly regulated process, and newly synthesized mitochondrial products must first associate with several nuclear-encoded auxiliary factors to form oxidative phosphorylation complexes. The output of mitochondrial products should therefore be in stoichiometric equilibrium with the nuclear-encoded products to prevent unnecessary energy expense or the accumulation of pro-oxidant assembly modules. In the mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, COX1 encodes subunit 1 of the cytochrome c oxidase and COB the central core of the cytochrome bc1 electron transfer complex; however, factors regulating the expression of these mitochondrial products are not completely described. Here, we identified Mrx9p as a new factor that controls COX1 and COB expression. We isolated MRX9 in a screen for mitochondrial factors that cause poor accumulation of newly synthesized Cox1p and compromised transition to the respiratory metabolism. Northern analyses indicated lower levels of COX1 and COB mature mRNAs accompanied by an accumulation of unprocessed transcripts in the presence of excess Mrx9p. In a strain devoid of mitochondrial introns, MRX9 overexpression did not affect COX1 and COB translation or respiratory adaptation, implying Mrx9p regulates processing of COX1 and COB RNAs. In addition, we found Mrx9p was localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane, facing the matrix, as a portion of it cosedimented with mitoribosome subunits and its removal or overexpression altered Mss51p sedimentation. Finally, we showed accumulation of newly synthesized Cox1p in the absence of Mrx9p was diminished in cox14 null mutants. Taken together, these data indicate a regulatory role of Mrx9p in COX1 RNA processing.
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Li P, Guo D, Zhang X, Ji K, Lv H, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Ma J, Fang Y, Liu Y. Compound Heterozygous COX20 Variants Impair the Function of Mitochondrial Complex IV to Cause a Syndrome Involving Ophthalmoplegia and Visual Failure. Front Neurol 2022; 13:873943. [PMID: 35651336 PMCID: PMC9149563 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.873943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome c oxidase 20 (COX20) gene encodes a protein with a crucial role in the assembly of mitochondrial complex IV (CIV). Mutations in this gene can result in ataxia and muscle hypotonia. However, ophthalmoplegia and visual failure associated with COX20 mutation have not been examined previously. Moreover, the mechanism causing the phenotype of patients with COX20 variants to differ from that of patients with mutations in other genes impairing CIV assembly is unclear. In this investigation, the aim was to assess the relation between COX20 variants and CIV assembly. We performed detailed clinical, physical, and biochemical investigations of affected individuals. Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to analyze the expression level of COX20 and oxidative phosphorylation. A Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test and enzymatic activity analysis were performed to evaluate mitochondrial function. Whole-exome sequencing revealed the same compound heterozygous mutations (c.41A > G and c.222G > T, NM_198076) in COX20 in two siblings. This is the first description of ophthalmoplegia and visual failure associated with COX20 variants. In vitro analysis confirmed that the COX20 protein level was significantly decreased, impairing the assembly and activity of CIV in patients' fibroblast. Overexpression of COX20 using a transduced adenovirus partially restored the function of the patients' fibroblasts. Early-onset complex movement disorders may be closely related to COX20 variants. Our results broaden the clinical phenotypes of patients with COX20 variants showing ophthalmoplegia and visual failure. Additionally, dysfunction of COX20 protein can impair the assembly and activity of CIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kunqian Ji
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbo Lv
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaofeng Fang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Natural Polysaccharide β-Glucan Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040906. [PMID: 35215555 PMCID: PMC8878312 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO) can be used to treat a variety of human tumors, but its clinical application is limited due to severe cardiotoxic side effect. Here, we explore the role of β-glucan in DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity in mice and study its underlying mechanism. When co-administered with DOXO, β-glucan was observed to prevent left ventricular dilation and fibrosis. In fact, DOXO reduces the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and enhances oxidative stress, which in turn impairs heart function. DOXO decreases the ATP production capacity of the heart and increases the ROS content, while β-glucan can restore the heart capacity and reduce oxidative stress. β-glucan also increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes GSH-PX and SOD, and reduces the level of MDA in the serum. In addition, the mRNAs of cardiac dysfunction marker genes ANP, BNP and Myh7 were significantly increased after DOXO induction, however, they did not increase when combined with β-glucan administration. In conclusion, our results indicate that β-glucan can improve the antioxidant capacity of the heart, thereby serving as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity.
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22
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Schöller E, Marks J, Marchand V, Bruckmann A, Powell CA, Reichold M, Mutti CD, Dettmer K, Feederle R, Hüttelmaier S, Helm M, Oefner P, Minczuk M, Motorin Y, Hafner M, Meister G. Balancing of mitochondrial translation through METTL8-mediated m 3C modification of mitochondrial tRNAs. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4810-4825.e12. [PMID: 34774131 PMCID: PMC11214777 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain a specific translation machinery for the synthesis of mitochondria-encoded respiratory chain components. Mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) are also generated from the mitochondrial DNA and, similar to their cytoplasmic counterparts, are post-transcriptionally modified. Here, we find that the RNA methyltransferase METTL8 is a mitochondrial protein that facilitates 3-methyl-cytidine (m3C) methylation at position C32 of the mt-tRNASer(UCN) and mt-tRNAThr. METTL8 knockout cells show a reduction in respiratory chain activity, whereas overexpression increases activity. In pancreatic cancer, METTL8 levels are high, which correlates with lower patient survival and an enhanced respiratory chain activity. Mitochondrial ribosome profiling uncovered mitoribosome stalling on mt-tRNASer(UCN)- and mt-tRNAThr-dependent codons. Further analysis of the respiratory chain complexes using mass spectrometry revealed reduced incorporation of the mitochondrially encoded proteins ND6 and ND1 into complex I. The well-balanced translation of mt-tRNASer(UCN)- and mt-tRNAThr-dependent codons through METTL8-mediated m3C32 methylation might, therefore, facilitate the optimal composition and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöller
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - James Marks
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Virginie Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008/US40 IBSLor, EpiRNA-Seq Core facility, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Markus Reichold
- Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Daniel Mutti
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yuri Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008/US40 IBSLor, EpiRNA-Seq Core facility, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7365 IMoPA, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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23
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Das S, Mukherjee S, Bedi M, Ghosh A. Mutations in the Yeast Cox12 Subunit Severely Compromise the Activity of the Mitochondrial Complex IV. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1607-1623. [PMID: 34937540 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase 6B1 (COX6B1) is one of the less characterized subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV (CIV). Here, we studied the pathobiochemical and respiratory functions of Cox12 (yeast ortholog of COX6B1) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 (cox12Δ) cells deficient by the Cox12 protein. The cells exhibited severe growth deficiency in the respiratory glycerol-ethanol medium, which could be reverted by complementation with the yeast COX12 or human COX6B1 genes. Cox12 with arginine 17 residue substituted by histidine (R17H) or cysteine (R17C) (mutations analogous to those observed in human patients) failed to complement the loss of Cox12 function. When cox12Δ cells were grown in rich respiratory/fermentative galactose medium, no changes in the expression of individual respiratory chain subunits were observed. Blue native PAGE/Western blotting analysis using antibodies against Rip1 and Cox1, which are specific components of complexes III (CIII) and IV (CIV), respectively, revealed no noticeable decrease in the native CIII2CIV2 and CIII2CIV1 supercomplexes (SCs). However, the association of the respiratory SC factor 2 (Rcf2) and Cox2 subunit within the SCs of cox12Δ cells was reduced, while the specific activity of CIV was downregulated by 90%. Both basal respiration and succinate-ADP stimulated state 3 respiration, as well as the mitochondrial membrane potential, were decreased in cox12Δ cells. Furthermore, cox12Δ cells and cells synthesizing Cox12 mutants R17H and R17C showed higher sensitivity to the H2O2-induced oxidative stress compared to the wild-type (WT) cells. In silico structural modeling of the WT yeast SCs revealed that Cox12 forms a network of interactions with Rcf2 and Cox2. Together, our results establish that Cox12 is essential for the CIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhojit Das
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | | | - Minakshi Bedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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24
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Yip J, Wang S, Tan J, Lim TK, Lin Q, Yu Z, Karmon O, Pines O, Lehming N. Fumarase affects the deoxyribonucleic acid damage response by protecting the mitochondrial desulfurase Nfs1p from modification and inactivation. iScience 2021; 24:103354. [PMID: 34805801 PMCID: PMC8590083 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krebs cycle enzyme fumarase, which has been identified as a tumor suppressor, is involved in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage response (DDR) in human, yeast, and bacterial cells. We have found that the overexpression of the cysteine desulfurase Nfs1p restores DNA repair in fumarase-deficient yeast cells. Nfs1p accumulates inactivating post-translational modifications in yeast cells lacking fumarase under conditions of DNA damage. Our model is that in addition to metabolic signaling of the DDR in the nucleus, fumarase affects the DDR by protecting the desulfurase Nfs1p in mitochondria from modification and inactivation. Fumarase performs this protection by directly binding to Nfs1p in mitochondria and enabling, the maintenance, via metabolism, of a non-oxidizing environment in mitochondria. Nfs1p is required for the formation of Fe-S clusters, which are essential cofactors for DNA repair enzymes. Thus, we propose that the overexpression of Nfs1p overcomes the lack of fumarase by enhancing the activity of DNA repair enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Yip
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cancer Programme at NUSMED, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4, Level 5, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cancer Programme at NUSMED, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4, Level 5, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Jasper Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cancer Programme at NUSMED, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4, Level 5, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhang Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; CREATE-NUS-HUJ Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ofri Karmon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; CREATE-NUS-HUJ Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ophry Pines
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; CREATE-NUS-HUJ Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norbert Lehming
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cancer Programme at NUSMED, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4, Level 5, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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25
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In situ observation of mitochondrial biogenesis as the early event of apoptosis. iScience 2021; 24:103038. [PMID: 34553131 PMCID: PMC8441175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis is a cell response to external stimuli which is generally believed to suppress apoptosis. However, during the process of apoptosis, whether mitochondrial biogenesis occurs in the early stage of the apoptotic cells remains unclear. To address this question, we constructed the COX8-EGFP-ACTIN-mCherry HeLa cells with recombinant fluorescent proteins respectively tagged on the nucleus and mitochondria and monitored the mitochondrial changes in the living cells exposed to gamma-ray radiation. Besides in situ detection of mitochondrial fluorescence changes, we also examined the cell viability, nuclear DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, citrate synthase activity, ATP, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial morphology, and protein expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as the apoptosis biomarkers. As a result, we confirmed that significant mitochondrial biogenesis took place preceding the radiation-induced apoptosis, and it was closely correlated with the apoptotic cells at late stage. The involved mechanism was also discussed. Dual fluorescence approach was used for in situ observation of living cell processes Radiation-induced effects of mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis were observed Relationship between mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis was revisited Assessing early mitochondrial biogenesis is critical for predicting later fate of cells
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26
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Franco LVR, Su CH, Tzagoloff A. Modular assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase. Biol Chem 2021; 401:835-853. [PMID: 32142477 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory pathway of mitochondria is composed of four electron transfer complexes and the ATP synthase. In this article, we review evidence from studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that both ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase (COX) are assembled from independent modules that correspond to structurally and functionally identifiable components of each complex. Biogenesis of the respiratory chain requires a coordinate and balanced expression of gene products that become partner subunits of the same complex, but are encoded in the two physically separated genomes. Current evidence indicates that synthesis of two key mitochondrial encoded subunits of ATP synthase is regulated by the F1 module. Expression of COX1 that codes for a subunit of the COX catalytic core is also regulated by a mechanism that restricts synthesis of this subunit to the availability of a nuclear-encoded translational activator. The respiratory chain must maintain a fixed stoichiometry of the component enzyme complexes during cell growth. We propose that high-molecular-weight complexes composed of Cox6, a subunit of COX, and of the Atp9 subunit of ATP synthase play a key role in establishing the ratio of the two complexes during their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Veloso Ribeiro Franco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brasil
| | - Chen Hsien Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexander Tzagoloff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
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27
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Bennett JP, Onyango IG. Energy, Entropy and Quantum Tunneling of Protons and Electrons in Brain Mitochondria: Relation to Mitochondrial Impairment in Aging-Related Human Brain Diseases and Therapeutic Measures. Biomedicines 2021; 9:225. [PMID: 33671585 PMCID: PMC7927033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human brains consume a disproportionate amount of energy substrates (2-3% of body weight; 20-25% of total glucose and oxygen). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal energy currency in brains and is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) using ATP synthase, a nano-rotor powered by the proton gradient generated from proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the multi-complex electron transport chain (ETC). ETC catalysis rates are reduced in brains from humans with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Declines of ETC function in NDDs may result from combinations of nitrative stress (NS)-oxidative stress (OS) damage; mitochondrial and/or nuclear genomic mutations of ETC/OXPHOS genes; epigenetic modifications of ETC/OXPHOS genes; or defects in importation or assembly of ETC/OXPHOS proteins or complexes, respectively; or alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion, fission, mitophagy). Substantial free energy is gained by direct O2-mediated oxidation of NADH. Traditional ETC mechanisms require separation between O2 and electrons flowing from NADH/FADH2 through the ETC. Quantum tunneling of electrons and much larger protons may facilitate this separation. Neuronal death may be viewed as a local increase in entropy requiring constant energy input to avoid. The ATP requirement of the brain may partially be used for avoidance of local entropy increase. Mitochondrial therapeutics seeks to correct deficiencies in ETC and OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac G. Onyango
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
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28
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Tifoun N, De las Heras JM, Guillaume A, Bouleau S, Mignotte B, Le Floch N. Insights into the Roles of the Sideroflexins/SLC56 Family in Iron Homeostasis and Iron-Sulfur Biogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:103. [PMID: 33494450 PMCID: PMC7911444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sideroflexins (SLC56 family) are highly conserved multi-spanning transmembrane proteins inserted in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes. Few data are available on their molecular function, but since their first description, they were thought to be metabolite transporters probably required for iron utilization inside the mitochondrion. Such as numerous mitochondrial transporters, sideroflexins remain poorly characterized. The prototypic member SFXN1 has been recently identified as the previously unknown mitochondrial transporter of serine. Nevertheless, pending questions on the molecular function of sideroflexins remain unsolved, especially their link with iron metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge on sideroflexins, their presumed mitochondrial functions and the sparse-but growing-evidence linking sideroflexins to iron homeostasis and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Since an imbalance in iron homeostasis can be detrimental at the cellular and organismal levels, we also investigate the relationship between sideroflexins, iron and physiological disorders. Investigating Sideroflexins' functions constitutes an emerging research field of great interest and will certainly lead to the main discoveries of mitochondrial physio-pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Tifoun
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (N.T.); (J.M.D.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - José M. De las Heras
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (N.T.); (J.M.D.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Arnaud Guillaume
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (N.T.); (J.M.D.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Sylvina Bouleau
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (N.T.); (J.M.D.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernard Mignotte
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (N.T.); (J.M.D.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Le Floch
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (N.T.); (J.M.D.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (B.M.)
- GCGP Department, IUT de Vélizy/Rambouillet, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78120 Rambouillet, France
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29
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Human Mitochondrial Pathologies of the Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase: Contributions from Studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110304. [PMID: 33238568 PMCID: PMC7700678 DOI: 10.3390/life10110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ease with which the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be manipulated genetically and biochemically has established this organism as a good model for the study of human mitochondrial diseases. The combined use of biochemical and molecular genetic tools has been instrumental in elucidating the functions of numerous yeast nuclear gene products with human homologs that affect a large number of metabolic and biological processes, including those housed in mitochondria. These include structural and catalytic subunits of enzymes and protein factors that impinge on the biogenesis of the respiratory chain. This article will review what is currently known about the genetics and clinical phenotypes of mitochondrial diseases of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, with special emphasis on the contribution of information gained from pet mutants with mutations in nuclear genes that impair mitochondrial respiration. Our intent is to provide the yeast mitochondrial specialist with basic knowledge of human mitochondrial pathologies and the human specialist with information on how genes that directly and indirectly affect respiration were identified and characterized in yeast.
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30
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Montano V, Gruosso F, Simoncini C, Siciliano G, Mancuso M. Clinical features of mtDNA-related syndromes in adulthood. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108689. [PMID: 33227288 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are the most common inheritable metabolic diseases, due to defects in oxidative phosphorylation. They are caused by mutations of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA in genes involved in mitochondrial function. The peculiarity of "mitochondrial DNA genetics rules" in part explains the marked phenotypic variability, the complexity of genotype-phenotype correlations and the challenge of genetic counseling. The new massive genetic sequencing technologies have changed the diagnostic approach, enhancing mitochondrial DNA-related syndromes diagnosis and often avoiding the need of a tissue biopsy. Here we present the most common phenotypes associated with a mitochondrial DNA mutation with the recent advances in diagnosis and in therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Montano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - F Gruosso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - C Simoncini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - G Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy.
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31
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Liang Y, Liang N, Yin L, Xiao F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of xenobiotics-induced premature senescence. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:669-675. [PMID: 33178427 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature senescence, which share common features with replicative senescence such as morphology, senescence-associated galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, cell cycle regulation, and gene expression, can be triggered by the exposure of various xenobiotics including environmental pollutant, peroxides, and anticancer drugs. The exact mechanisms underlying the senescence onset and stabilization are still obscure. In this review, we summarized the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of xenobiotics-induced premature senescence, including induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor suppressors, and DNA damage; disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis; activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); and blockage of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway. The deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying xenobiotics-induced senescence may shed light on new therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies and extend healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Lirong Yin
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
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32
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Zhang J, Hao H, Wu X, Wang Q, Chen M, Feng Z, Chen H. The functions of glutathione peroxidase in ROS homeostasis and fruiting body development in Hypsizygus marmoreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10555-10570. [PMID: 33175244 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes for maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Although studies on fungi have suggested many important physiological functions of GPX, few studies have examined the role of this enzyme in Basidiomycetes, particularly its functions in fruiting body developmental processes. In the present study, GPX-silenced (GPxi) strains were obtained by using RNA interference. The GPxi strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus showed defects in mycelial growth and fruiting body development. In addition, the results indicated essential roles of GPX in controlling ROS homeostasis by regulating intracellular H2O2 levels, maintaining GSH/GSSG balance, and promoting antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, lignocellulose enzyme activity levels were reduced and the mitochondrial phenotype and mitochondrial complex activity levels were changed in the H. marmoreus GPxi strains, possibly in response to impediments to mycelial growth and fruiting body development. These findings indicate that ROS homeostasis has a complex influence on growth, fruiting body development, GSH/GSSG balance, and carbon metabolism in H. marmoreus.Key points• ROS balance, energy metabolism, fruiting development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 309 Room, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Haibo Hao
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 309 Room, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Xuelan Wu
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 309 Room, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 309 Room, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 309 Room, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhiyong Feng
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 309 Room, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China.,College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang road, XuanWu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 309 Room, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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Cobine PA, Moore SA, Leary SC. Getting out what you put in: Copper in mitochondria and its impacts on human disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118867. [PMID: 32979421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria accumulate copper in their matrix for the eventual maturation of the cuproenzymes cytochrome c oxidase and superoxide dismutase. Transport into the matrix is achieved by mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) proteins. The major copper transporting MCF described to date in yeast is Pic2, which imports the metal ion into the matrix. Pic2 is one of ~30 MCFs that move numerous metabolites, nucleotides and co-factors across the inner membrane for use in the matrix. Genetic and biochemical experiments showed that Pic2 is required for cytochrome c oxidase activity under copper stress, and that it is capable of transporting ionic and complexed forms of copper. The Pic2 ortholog SLC25A3, one of 53 mammalian MCFs, functions as both a copper and a phosphate transporter. Depletion of SLC25A3 results in decreased accumulation of copper in the matrix, a cytochrome c oxidase defect and a modulation of cytosolic superoxide dismutase abundance. The regulatory roles for copper and cuproproteins resident to the mitochondrion continue to expand beyond the organelle. Mitochondrial copper chaperones have been linked to the modulation of cellular copper uptake and export and the facilitation of inter-organ communication. Recently, a role for matrix copper has also been proposed in a novel cell death pathway termed cuproptosis. This review will detail our understanding of the maturation of mitochondrial copper enzymes, the roles of mitochondrial signals in regulating cellular copper content, the proposed mechanisms of copper transport into the organelle and explore the evolutionary origins of copper homeostasis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Stanley A Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Functions of Cytochrome c oxidase Assembly Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197254. [PMID: 33008142 PMCID: PMC7582755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal complex of eukaryotic oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. This process couples the reduction of electron carriers during metabolism to the reduction of molecular oxygen to water and translocation of protons from the internal mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membrane space. The electrochemical gradient formed is used to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate to power vital cellular processes. Cytochrome c oxidase and most oxidative phosphorylation complexes are the product of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. This poses a series of topological and temporal steps that must be completed to ensure efficient assembly of the functional enzyme. Many assembly factors have evolved to perform these steps for insertion of protein into the inner mitochondrial membrane, maturation of the polypeptide, incorporation of co-factors and prosthetic groups and to regulate this process. Much of the information about each of these assembly factors has been gleaned from use of the single cell eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae and also mutations responsible for human disease. This review will focus on the assembly factors of cytochrome c oxidase to highlight some of the outstanding questions in the assembly of this vital enzyme complex.
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Pierce JD, Shen Q, Vacek J, Rahman FK, Krueger KJ, Gupta B, Hiebert JB. Potential use of ubiquinol and d-ribose in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 55:77-80. [PMID: 32477499 PMCID: PMC7251495 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
•Manuscript Highlights.•HFpEF is associated with reduced ATP production in the myocardium.•Ubiquinol and d-ribose both contribute to the generation of myocardial ATP.•Both ubiquinol and d-ribose are being studied as supplemental treatments for patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet D. Pierce
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Qiuhua Shen
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - James Vacek
- The University of Kansas Health System, 4000 Cambridge St, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Faith K. Rahman
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Krueger
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bhanu Gupta
- The University of Kansas Health System, 4000 Cambridge St, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John B. Hiebert
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Reina S, Pittalà MGG, Guarino F, Messina A, De Pinto V, Foti S, Saletti R. Cysteine Oxidations in Mitochondrial Membrane Proteins: The Case of VDAC Isoforms in Mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:397. [PMID: 32582695 PMCID: PMC7287182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine residues are reactive amino acids that can undergo several modifications driven by redox reagents. Mitochondria are the source of an abundant production of radical species, and it is surprising that such a large availability of highly reactive chemicals is compatible with viable and active organelles, needed for the cell functions. In this work, we review the results highlighting the modifications of cysteines in the most abundant proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), that is, the voltage-dependent anion selective channel (VDAC) isoforms. This interesting protein family carries several cysteines exposed to the oxidative intermembrane space (IMS). Through mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, cysteine posttranslational modifications (PTMs) were precisely determined, and it was discovered that such cysteines can be subject to several oxidization degrees, ranging from the disulfide bridge to the most oxidized, the sulfonic acid, one. The large spectra of VDAC cysteine oxidations, which is unique for OMM proteins, indicate that they have both a regulative function and a buffering capacity able to counteract excess of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) load. The consequence of these peculiar cysteine PTMs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Reina
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Gaetana Giovanna Pittalà
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Guarino
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Foti
- Organic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Organic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Stephan K, Ott M. Timing of dimerization of the bc complex during mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh A. Molecular mechanism of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly and its relation to mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:1-20. [PMID: 32304865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is comprised of ~92 nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein subunits that are organized into five different multi-subunit respiratory complexes. These complexes produce 90% of the ATP required for cell sustenance. Specific sets of subunits are assembled in a modular or non-modular fashion to construct the MRC complexes. The complete assembly process is gradually chaperoned by a myriad of assembly factors that must coordinate with several other prosthetic groups to reach maturity, makingthe entire processextensively complicated. Further, the individual respiratory complexes can be integrated intovarious giant super-complexes whose functional roles have yet to be explored. Mutations in the MRC subunits and in the related assembly factors often give rise to defects in the proper assembly of the respiratory chain, which then manifests as a group of disorders called mitochondrial diseases, the most common inborn errors of metabolism. This review summarizes the current understanding of the biogenesis of individual MRC complexes and super-complexes, and explores how mutations in the different subunits and assembly factors contribute to mitochondrial disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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