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Tan AL, Mohanty S, Guo J, Lekven AC, Riley BB. Pax2a, Sp5a and Sp5l act downstream of Fgf and Wnt to coordinate sensory-neural patterning in the inner ear. Dev Biol 2022; 492:139-153. [PMID: 36244503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In zebrafish, sensory epithelia and neuroblasts of the inner ear form simultaneously in abutting medial and lateral domains, respectively, in the floor of the otic vesicle. Previous studies support regulatory roles for Fgf and Wnt, but how signaling is coordinated is poorly understood. We investigated this problem using pharmacological and transgenic methods to alter Fgf or Wnt signaling from early placodal stages to evaluate later changes in growth and patterning. Blocking Fgf at any stage reduces proliferation of otic tissue and terminates both sensory and neural specification. Wnt promotes proliferation in the otic vesicle but is not required for sensory or neural development. However, sustained overactivation of Wnt laterally expands sensory epithelia and blocks neurogenesis. pax2a, sp5a and sp5l are coregulated by Fgf and Wnt and show overlapping expression in the otic placode and vesicle. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that these genes are together required for Wnt's suppression of neurogenesis, as well as some aspects of sensory development. Thus, pax2a, sp5a and sp5l are critical for mediating Fgf and Wnt signaling to promote spatially localized sensory and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Tan
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Saurav Mohanty
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jinbai Guo
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Arne C Lekven
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bruce B Riley
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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2
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Zhang X, Trendowski MR, Wilkinson E, Shahbazi M, Dinh PC, Shuey MM, Feldman DR, Hamilton RJ, Vaughn DJ, Fung C, Kollmannsberger C, Huddart R, Martin NE, Sanchez VA, Frisina RD, Einhorn LH, Cox NJ, Travis LB, Dolan ME. Pharmacogenomics of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities: Hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2801-2816. [PMID: 35322580 PMCID: PMC9302309 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin is a critical component of first-line chemotherapy for several cancers, but causes peripheral sensory neuropathy, hearing loss, and tinnitus. We aimed to identify comorbidities for cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities among large numbers of similarly treated patients without the confounding effect of cranial radiotherapy. METHODS Utilizing linear and logistic regression analyses on 1680 well-characterized cisplatin-treated testicular cancer survivors, we analyzed associations of hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral neuropathy with nongenetic comorbidities. Genome-wide association studies and gene-based analyses were performed on each phenotype. RESULTS Hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral neuropathy, accounting for age and cisplatin dose, were interdependent. Survivors with these neurotoxicities experienced more hypertension and poorer self-reported health. In addition, hearing loss was positively associated with BMIs at clinical evaluation and nonwork-related noise exposure (>5 h/week). Tinnitus was positively associated with tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, and noise exposure. We observed positive associations between peripheral neuropathy and persistent vertigo, tobacco use, and excess alcohol consumption. Hearing loss and TXNRD1, which plays a key role in redox regulation, showed borderline significance (p = 4.2 × 10-6 ) in gene-based analysis. rs62283056 in WFS1 previously found to be significantly associated with hearing loss (n = 511), was marginally significant in an independent replication cohort (p = 0.06; n = 606). Gene-based analyses identified significant associations between tinnitus and WNT8A (p = 2.5 × 10-6 ), encoding a signaling protein important in germ cell tumors. CONCLUSIONS Genetics variants in TXNRD1 and WNT8A are notable risk factors for hearing loss and tinnitus, respectively. Future studies should investigate these genes and if replicated, identify their potential impact on preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahbazi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul C Dinh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Megan M Shuey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Darren R Feldman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Vaughn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chunkit Fung
- J.P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Neil E Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria A Sanchez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert D Frisina
- Departments of Medical Engineering and Communication Sciences and Disorders, Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lois B Travis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - M Eileen Dolan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Riley BB. Comparative assessment of Fgf's diverse roles in inner ear development: A zebrafish perspective. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1524-1551. [PMID: 33830554 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding mechanisms of inner ear development has been remarkably rapid in recent years. The research community has benefited from the availability of several diverse model organisms, including zebrafish, chick, and mouse. The complexity of the inner ear has proven to be a challenge, and the complexity of the mammalian cochlea in particular has been the subject of intense scrutiny. Zebrafish lack a cochlea and exhibit a number of other differences from amniote species, hence they are sometimes seen as less relevant for inner ear studies. However, accumulating evidence shows that underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are often highly conserved. As a case in point, consideration of the diverse functions of Fgf and its downstream effectors reveals many similarities between vertebrate species, allowing meaningful comparisons the can benefit the entire research community. In this review, I will discuss mechanisms by which Fgf controls key events in early otic development in zebrafish and provide direct comparisons with chick and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce B Riley
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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4
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Durán Alonso MB, Vendrell V, López-Hernández I, Alonso MT, Martin DM, Giráldez F, Carramolino L, Giovinazzo G, Vázquez E, Torres M, Schimmang T. Meis2 Is Required for Inner Ear Formation and Proper Morphogenesis of the Cochlea. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679325. [PMID: 34124068 PMCID: PMC8194062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meis genes have been shown to control essential processes during development of the central and peripheral nervous system. Here we have explored the roles of the Meis2 gene during vertebrate inner ear induction and the formation of the cochlea. Meis2 is expressed in several tissues required for inner ear induction and in non-sensory tissue of the cochlear duct. Global inactivation of Meis2 in the mouse leads to a severely reduced size of the otic vesicle. Tissue-specific knock outs of Meis2 reveal that its expression in the hindbrain is essential for otic vesicle formation. Inactivation of Meis2 in the inner ear itself leads to an aberrant coiling of the cochlear duct. By analyzing transcriptomes obtained from Meis2 mutants and ChIPseq analysis of an otic cell line, we define candidate target genes for Meis2 which may be directly or indirectly involved in cochlear morphogenesis. Taken together, these data show that Meis2 is essential for inner ear formation and provide an entry point to unveil the network underlying proper coiling of the cochlear duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Beatriz Durán Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Victor Vendrell
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iris López-Hernández
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Donna M Martin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fernando Giráldez
- CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomédica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Schimmang
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
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Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Reveals Functional miRNA-Targets in Development Testes of Small Tail Han Sheep. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:523-533. [PMID: 30559255 PMCID: PMC6385976 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Small Tail Han Sheep is a highly valued local breed in China because of their precocity, perennial estrus, and high fecundity. The average annual lambing rate of ewes is as high as 180–270%, the semen of ram has characteristics of high yield, high density, and good motility. To reveal the key miRNAs and miRNA-targets underlying testis development and spermatogenesis in male Small Tail Han Sheep, integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in 2-, 6-, and 12-month-old testes was performed by RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics methods. The results showed that total of 153 known sheep miRNAs and 2712 novel miRNAs were obtained in 2-,6 - and 12-month-old Small Tail Han Sheep testes; 5, 1, and 4 differentially expressed (DE) known sheep miRNAs, and 132, 105, and 24 DE novel miRNAs were identified in 2- vs. 6-, 6- vs. 12-, and 2- vs. 12-month-old testes, respectively. We combined miRNA results of this study and the mRNA results obtained in our previous study to predict the target mRNAs of DE known sheep miRNAs; 131, 10, and 15 target mRNAs of DE known sheep miRNAs and 76, 1, and 11 DE miRNA–targets were identified in the three groups, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses showed that: in 2- vs. 6-month-olds, the target genes of DE known sheep miRNAs were involved in 100 biological processes and 11 signaling pathways; in 6- vs. 12-month-olds, the target genes of DE known sheep miRNAs were involved in 4 biological processes; and in 2- vs. 12-month-olds, the target genes of DE known sheep miRNAs were involved in 17 biological processes and 4 signaling pathways. Three miR–target regulatory networks were constructed based on these DE miRNA–targets. The key miRNA-Targets involved in testis development and spermatogenesis were screened. 6 known sheep miRNAs and 6 novel miRNAs were selected to validate the accuracy of miRNA sequencing data by qRT-PCR. The binding sites of oar-miR-379-5p with WNT8A was validated by a dual luciferase reporter gene detection system.
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Lahlou H, Nivet E, Lopez-Juarez A, Fontbonne A, Assou S, Zine A. Enriched Differentiation of Human Otic Sensory Progenitor Cells Derived From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:452. [PMID: 30618604 PMCID: PMC6306956 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurosensory deficit of the inner ear is mostly due to a loss of hair cells (HCs). Development of stem cell-based therapy requires a better understanding of factors and signals that drive stem cells into otic sensory progenitor cells (OSPCs) to replace lost HCs. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) theoretically represent an unlimited supply for the generation of human OSPCs in vitro. In this study, we developed a monolayer-based differentiation system to generate an enriched population of OSPCs via a stepwise differentiation of hiPSCs. Gene and protein expression analyses revealed the efficient induction of a comprehensive panel of otic/placodal and late otic markers over the course of the differentiation. Furthermore, whole transcriptome analysis confirmed a developmental path of OSPC differentiation from hiPSCs. We found that modulation of WNT and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling combined with fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) and FGF10 treatment over a 6-day period drives the expression of early otic/placodal markers followed by late otic sensory markers within 13 days, indicative of a differentiation into embryonic-like HCs. In summary, we report a rapid and efficient strategy to generate an enriched population of OSPCs from hiPSCs, thereby establishing the value of this approach for disease modeling and cell-based therapies of the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Lahlou
- LNIA, CNRS UMR 7260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | | | - Arnaud Fontbonne
- LNIA, CNRS UMR 7260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Said Assou
- IRMB, Université Montpellier, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - Azel Zine
- LNIA, CNRS UMR 7260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Université Montpellier, UFR de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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7
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Effects of genetic variants of the bovine WNT8A gene on nine important growth traits in beef cattle. J Genet 2017; 96:535-544. [PMID: 28947701 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
WNT-β-catenin-TCF pathway is involved in carcinogenesis and foetal development. As a member of the WNT gene family, Wnt8A encodes secreted signalling proteins and responds to many biological processes.However, similar research on the effects of genetic variations of Wnt8A gene on growth traits is lacking. Therefore, in this study, polymorphisms of Wnt8A were detected in 396 animals from Chinese Qinchuan cattle using DNA pool sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods. Four novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Wnt8A gene were identified, including three mutations in introns (g.T-445C, g.G244C and g.G910A) and one in exon (g.T4922C). Additionally, we examined the associations of four SNPs with growth traits. The results revealed that SNP2 (g.G244C) was significantly associated with shoulder height, hip height, body length, hip width, and body weight (P < 0.05). SNP3 (g.G910A) also displayed notable effects on hip width (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the haplotype combination CC-GC-GA-CC was strongly associated with heavier, taller and longer animals (P < 0.05). These results show that the Wnt8A gene may be a potential candidate gene, and the SNPs could be used as molecular markers in early marker-assisted selection in beef cattle breeding programmes.
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8
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Ladher RK. Changing shape and shaping change: Inducing the inner ear. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 65:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Kondoh H, Takada S, Takemoto T. Axial level-dependent molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the genesis of the embryonic neural plate. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:427-36. [PMID: 27279156 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor gene Sox2, centrally involved in neural primordial regulation, is activated by many enhancers. During the early stages of embryonic development, Sox2 is regulated by the enhancers N2 and N1 in the anterior neural plate (ANP) and posterior neural plate (PNP), respectively. This differential use of the enhancers reflects distinct regulatory mechanisms underlying the genesis of ANP and PNP. The ANP develops directly from the epiblast, triggered by nodal signal inhibition, and via the combined action of TFs SOX2, OTX2, POU3F1, and ZIC2, which promotes the the ANP development and inhibits other cell lineages. In contrast, the PNP is derived from neuromesodermal bipotential axial stem cells that develop into the neural plate when Sox2 is activated by the N1 enhancer, whereas they develop into the paraxial mesoderm when the N1 enhancer is repressed by the action of TBX6. The axial stem cells are maintained by the activity of WNT3a and T (Brachyury). However, at axial levels more anterior to the 8th somites (cervical levels), the development of both the neural plate and somite proceeds in the absence of WNT3a, T, or TBX6. These observations indicate that distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms determine neural plate genesis based on the axial level, and contradict the classical concept of the term "neural induction," which assumes a pan-neural plate mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kondoh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Olaya-Sánchez D, Sánchez-Guardado LÓ, Ohta S, Chapman SC, Schoenwolf GC, Puelles L, Hidalgo-Sánchez M. Fgf3 and Fgf16 expression patterns define spatial and temporal domains in the developing chick inner ear. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:131-149. [PMID: 26995070 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear is a morphologically complex sensory structure with auditory and vestibular functions. The developing otic epithelium gives rise to neurosensory and non-sensory elements of the adult membranous labyrinth. Extrinsic and intrinsic signals manage the patterning and cell specification of the developing otic epithelium by establishing lineage-restricted compartments defined in turn by differential expression of regulatory genes. FGF3 and FGF16 are excellent candidates to govern these developmental events. Using the chick inner ear, we show that Fgf3 expression is present in the borders of all developing cristae. Strong Fgf16 expression was detected in a portion of the developing vertical and horizontal pouches, whereas the cristae show weaker or undetected Fgf16 expression at different developmental stages. Concerning the rest of the vestibular sensory elements, both the utricular and saccular maculae were Fgf3 positive. Interestingly, strong Fgf16 expression delimited these Fgf16-negative sensory patches. The Fgf3-negative macula neglecta and the Fgf3-positive macula lagena were included within weakly Fgf16-expressing areas. Therefore, different FGF-mediated mechanisms might regulate the specification of the anterior (utricular and saccular) and posterior (neglecta and lagena) maculae. In the developing cochlear duct, dynamic Fgf3 and Fgf16 expression suggests their cooperation in the early specification and later cell differentiation in the hearing system. The requirement of Fgf3 and Fgf16 genes in endolymphatic apparatus development and neurogenesis are discussed. Based on these observations, FGF3 and FGF16 seem to be key signaling pathways that control the inner ear plan by defining epithelial identities within the developing otic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Olaya-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Óscar Sánchez-Guardado
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sho Ohta
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, 2R066 School of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E., Salt Lake City, UT, 84132-3401, USA
| | - Susan C Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 340 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Gary C Schoenwolf
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, 2R066 School of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E., Salt Lake City, UT, 84132-3401, USA
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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11
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Wright KD, Mahoney Rogers AA, Zhang J, Shim K. Cooperative and independent functions of FGF and Wnt signaling during early inner ear development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:33. [PMID: 26443994 PMCID: PMC4594887 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background In multiple vertebrate organisms, including chick, Xenopus, and zebrafish, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Wnt signaling cooperate during formation of the otic placode. However, in the mouse, although FGF signaling induces Wnt8a expression during induction of the otic placode, it is unclear whether these two signaling pathways functionally cooperate. Sprouty (Spry) genes encode intracellular antagonists of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including FGF signaling. We previously demonstrated that the Sprouty1 (Spry1) and Sprouty2 (Spry2) genes antagonize FGF signaling during induction of the otic placode. Here, we investigate cross talk between FGF/SPRY and Wnt signaling during otic placode induction and assess whether these two signaling pathways functionally cooperate during early inner ear development in the mouse. Methods Embryos were generated carrying combinations of a Spry1 null allele, Spry2 null allele, β-catenin null allele, or a Wnt reporter transgene. Otic phenotypes were assessed by in situ hybridization, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, immunohistochemistry, and morphometric analysis of sectioned tissue. Results Comparison of Spry1, Spry2, and Wnt reporter expression in pre-otic and otic placode cells indicates that FGF signaling precedes and is active in more cells than Wnt signaling. We provide in vivo evidence that FGF signaling activates the Wnt signaling pathway upstream of TCF/Lef transcriptional activation. FGF regulation of Wnt signaling is functional, since early inner ear defects in Spry1 and Spry2 compound mutant embryos can be genetically rescued by reducing the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway. Interestingly, we find that although the entire otic placode increases in size in Spry1 and Spry2 compound mutant embryos, the size of the Wnt-reporter-positive domain does not increase to the same extent as the Wnt-reporter-negative domain. Conclusions This study provides genetic evidence that FGF and Wnt signaling cooperate during early inner ear development in the mouse. Furthermore, our data suggest that although specification of the otic placode may be globally regulated by FGF signaling, otic specification of cells in which both FGF and Wnt signaling are active may be more tightly regulated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-015-0083-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Amanda A Mahoney Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Katherine Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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12
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Cunningham TJ, Kumar S, Yamaguchi TP, Duester G. Wnt8a and Wnt3a cooperate in the axial stem cell niche to promote mammalian body axis extension. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:797-807. [PMID: 25809880 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrate body axis extension occurs in a head-to-tail direction from a caudal progenitor zone that responds to interacting signals. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for generation of paraxial mesoderm, somite formation, and maintenance of the axial stem cell pool. Body axis extension requires Wnt8a in lower vertebrates, but in mammals Wnt3a is required, although the anterior trunk develops in the absence of Wnt3a. RESULTS We examined mouse Wnt8a(-/-) and Wnt3a(-/-) single and double mutants to explore whether mammalian Wnt8a contributes to body axis extension and to determine whether a posterior growth function for Wnt8a is conserved throughout the vertebrate lineage. We find that caudal Wnt8a is expressed only during early somite stages and is required for normal development of the anterior trunk in the absence of Wnt3a. During this time, we show that Wnt8a and Wnt3a cooperate to maintain Fgf8 expression and prevent premature Sox2 up-regulation in the axial stem cell niche, critical for posterior growth. Similar to Fgf8, Wnt8a requires retinoic acid (RA) signaling to restrict its caudal expression boundary and possesses an upstream RA response element that binds RA receptors. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insight into interaction of caudal Wnt-FGF-RA signals required for body axis extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cunningham
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Terry P Yamaguchi
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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13
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Hartman BH, Durruthy-Durruthy R, Laske RD, Losorelli S, Heller S. Identification and characterization of mouse otic sensory lineage genes. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:79. [PMID: 25852475 PMCID: PMC4365716 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate embryogenesis gives rise to all cell types of an organism through the development of many unique lineages derived from the three primordial germ layers. The otic sensory lineage arises from the otic vesicle, a structure formed through invagination of placodal non-neural ectoderm. This developmental lineage possesses unique differentiation potential, giving rise to otic sensory cell populations including hair cells, supporting cells, and ganglion neurons of the auditory and vestibular organs. Here we present a systematic approach to identify transcriptional features that distinguish the otic sensory lineage (from early otic progenitors to otic sensory populations) from other major lineages of vertebrate development. We used a microarray approach to analyze otic sensory lineage populations including microdissected otic vesicles (embryonic day 10.5) as well as isolated neonatal cochlear hair cells and supporting cells at postnatal day 3. Non-otic tissue samples including periotic tissues and whole embryos with otic regions removed were used as reference populations to evaluate otic specificity. Otic populations shared transcriptome-wide correlations in expression profiles that distinguish members of this lineage from non-otic populations. We further analyzed the microarray data using comparative and dimension reduction methods to identify individual genes that are specifically expressed in the otic sensory lineage. This analysis identified and ranked top otic sensory lineage-specific transcripts including Fbxo2, Col9a2, and Oc90, and additional novel otic lineage markers. To validate these results we performed expression analysis on select genes using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Fbxo2 showed the most striking pattern of specificity to the otic sensory lineage, including robust expression in the early otic vesicle and sustained expression in prosensory progenitors and auditory and vestibular hair cells and supporting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron H Hartman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Durruthy-Durruthy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roman D Laske
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Losorelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
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Jansson L, Kim GS, Cheng AG. Making sense of Wnt signaling-linking hair cell regeneration to development. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:66. [PMID: 25814927 PMCID: PMC4356074 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway crucial for development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Secreted Wnt ligands bind Frizzled receptors to regulate diverse processes such as axis patterning, cell division, and cell fate specification. They also serve to govern self-renewal of somatic stem cells in several adult tissues. The complexity of the pathway can be attributed to the myriad of Wnt and Frizzled combinations as well as its diverse context-dependent functions. In the developing mouse inner ear, Wnt signaling plays diverse roles, including specification of the otic placode and patterning of the otic vesicle. At later stages, its activity governs sensory hair cell specification, cell cycle regulation, and hair cell orientation. In regenerating sensory organs from non-mammalian species, Wnt signaling can also regulate the extent of proliferative hair cell regeneration. This review describes the current knowledge of the roles of Wnt signaling and Wnt-responsive cells in hair cell development and regeneration. We also discuss possible future directions and the potential application and limitation of Wnt signaling in augmenting hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jansson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Grace S Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
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15
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Sai X, Ladher RK. Early steps in inner ear development: induction and morphogenesis of the otic placode. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:19. [PMID: 25713536 PMCID: PMC4322616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cellular replacement therapies using in vitro generated cells to replace damaged tissue have been proposed as strategies to alleviate hearing loss. All such therapies must involve a complete understanding of the earliest steps in inner ear development; its induction as a thickened plate of cells in the non-neural, surface ectoderm of the embryo, to its internalization as an otocyst embedded in the head mesenchyme of the embryo. Such knowledge informs researchers addressing the feasibility of the proposed strategy and present alternatives if needed. In this review we describe the mechanisms of inner ear induction, concentrating on the factors that steer the fate of ectoderm into precursors of the inner ear. Induction then leads to inner ear morphogenesis and we describe the cellular changes that occur as the inner ear is converted from a superficial placode to an internalized otocyst, and how they are coordinated with a particular emphasis on how the signaling environment surrounding the inner ear influences these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorei Sai
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology Kobe, Japan
| | - Raj K Ladher
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology Kobe, Japan
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16
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Willaredt MA, Ebbers L, Nothwang HG. Central auditory function of deafness genes. Hear Res 2014; 312:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Burns JC, Corwin JT. A historical to present-day account of efforts to answer the question: "what puts the brakes on mammalian hair cell regeneration?". Hear Res 2013; 297:52-67. [PMID: 23333259 PMCID: PMC3594491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hearing and balance deficits often affect humans and other mammals permanently, because their ears stop producing hair cells within a few days after birth. But production occurs throughout life in the ears of sharks, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds allowing them to replace lost hair cells and quickly recover after temporarily experiencing the kinds of sensory deficits that are irreversible for mammals. Since the mid 1970s, researchers have been asking what puts the brakes on hair cell regeneration in mammals. Here we evaluate the headway that has been made and assess current evidence for alternative mechanistic hypotheses that have been proposed to account for the limits to hair cell regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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