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Fortenberry RC. Quantum Chemistry and Astrochemistry: A Match Made in the Heavens. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1555-1565. [PMID: 38381079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry can uniquely answer astrochemical questions that no other technique can provide. Computations can be parallelized, automated, and left to run continuously providing exceptional molecular throughput that cannot be done through experimentation. Additionally, the granularity of the individual computations that are required of potential energy surfaces, reaction mechanism pathways, or other quantum chemically derived observables produces a unique mosaic that make up the larger whole. These pieces can be dissected for their individual contributions or evaluated in an ad hoc fashion for each of their roles in generating the larger whole. No other scientific approach is capable of reporting such fine-grained insights. Quantum chemistry also works from a bottom-up approach in providing properties directly from the desired molecule instead of a top-down perspective as required of experiment where molecules have to be linked to observed phenomena. Furthermore, modern quantum chemistry is well within the range of "chemical accuracy" and is approaching "spectroscopic accuracy." As such, the seemingly difficult questions asked by astrochemistry that would not be asked initially for any other application require quantum chemical reference data. While the results of quantum chemical computations are needed to interpret astrochemical observation, modeling, or laboratory experimentation, such hard questions, regardless of the original need to answer them, produce unique solutions. While questions in astrochemistry often require novel developments in and implementations of quantum chemistry as outlined herein, the applications of these solutions will stretch beyond astrochemistry and may yet impact fields much closer to Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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2
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Harwick OA, Fortenberry RC. Spectroscopic Constants and Anharmonic Vibrational Frequencies of C(O)OC, c-C 2O 2 and Their Silicon-Containing Analogues. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114563. [PMID: 37299037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Comets are likely to contain various carbon oxide molecules potentially including C(O)OC and c-C2O2 on their surfaces and comae, as well as their silicon-substituted analogues possibly playing a role in the formation of interstellar dust grains. In this work, high-level quantum chemical data are provided to support such potential future astrophysical detection through the generation of predicted rovibrational data. Laboratory-based chemistry would also benefit from such aforementioned computational benchmarking considering these molecules' historic computational and experimental elusiveness. Coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples, the F12b formalism, and the cc-pCVTZ-F12 basis set garner the rapid, yet highly trusted F12-TcCR level of theory leveraged presently. This current work points to all four molecules' strong IR activity, coupled with large intensities, thus suggesting the potential for JWST detection. Although Si(O)OSi possesses a permanent dipole moment significantly larger than those of the other molecules of present interest, the significant abundance of the potential precursor carbon monoxide suggests that the dicarbon dioxide molecules may yet be observable in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, this present work details the likely existence and detectability of these four cyclic molecules, providing updated implications compared to previous work performed both experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Harwick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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3
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Davis MC, Garrett NR, Fortenberry RC. F12+EOM Quartic Force Fields for Rovibrational Predictions of Electronically Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37235692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quartic force fields (QFFs) constructed using a sum of ground-state CCSD(T)-F12b energies with EOM-CCSD excitation energies are proposed for computation of spectroscopic properties of electronically excited states. This is dubbed the F12+EOM approach and is shown to provide similar accuracy to previous methodologies at lower computational cost. Using explicitly correlated F12 approaches instead of canonical CCSD(T), as in the corresponding (T)+EOM approach, allows for 70-fold improvement in computational time. The mean percent difference between the two methods for anharmonic vibrational frequencies is only 0.10%. A similar approach is also developed herein which accounts for core correlation and scalar relativistic effects, named F12cCR+EOM. The F12+EOM and F12cCR+EOM approaches both match to within 2.5% mean absolute error of experimental fundamental frequencies. These new methods should help in clarifying astronomical spectra by assigning features to vibronic and vibrational transitions of small astromolecules when such data are not available experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Noah R Garrett
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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Davis MC, Garrett NR, Fortenberry RC. Confirmation of gaseous methanediol from state-of-the-art theoretical rovibrational characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18552-18558. [PMID: 35904881 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-level rovibrational characterization of methanediol, the simplest geminal diol, using state-of-the-art, purely ab initio techniques unequivocally confirms previously reported gas phase preparation of this simplest geminal diol in its C2 conformation. The F12-TZ-cCR and F12-DZ-cCR quartic force fields (QFFs) utilized in this work are among the largest coupled cluster-based anharmonic frequencies computed to date, and they match the experimental band origins of the spectral features in the 980-1100 cm-1 range to within 3 cm-1, representing a significant improvement over previous studies. The simulated spectrum also matches the experimental spectrum in the strong Q branch feature and qualitative shape of the 980-1100 cm-1 region. Additionally, the full set of rotational constants, anharmonic vibrational frequencies, and quartic and sextic distortion constants are provided for both the lowest energy C2 conformer as well as the slightly higher Cs conformer. Several vibrational modes have intensities of 60 km mol-1 or higher, facilitating potential astronomical or atmospheric detection of methanediol or further identification in laboratory work especially now that gas phase synthesis of this molecule has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
| | - Noah R Garrett
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
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5
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Watrous AG, Westbrook BR, Fortenberry RC. F12-TZ-cCR: A Methodology for Faster and Still Highly Accurate Quartic Force Fields. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10532-10540. [PMID: 34846883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The F12-TZ-cCR quartic force field (QFF) methodology, defined here as CCSD(T)-F12b/cc-pCVTZ-F12 with further corrections for relativity, is introduced as a cheaper and even more accurate alternative to more costly composite QFF methods like those containing complete basis set extrapolations within canonical coupled cluster theory. F12-TZ-cCR QFFs produce B0 and C0 vibrationally averaged principal rotational constants within 7.5 MHz of gas-phase experimental values for tetraatomic and larger molecules, offering higher accuracy in these constants than the previous composite methods. In addition, F12-TZ-cCR offers an order of magnitude decrease in the computational cost of highly accurate QFF methodologies accompanying this increase in accuracy. An additional order of magnitude in cost reduction is achieved in the F12-DZ-cCR method, while also matching the accuracy of the traditional composite method's B0 and C0 constants. Finally, F12-DZ and F12-TZ are benchmarked on the same test set, revealing that both methods can provide anharmonic vibrational frequencies that are comparable in accuracy to all three of the more expensive methodologies, although their rotational constants lag behind. Hence, the present work demonstrates that highly accurate theoretical rovibrational spectral data can be obtained for a fraction of the cost of conventional QFF methodologies, extending the applicability of QFFs to larger molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria G Watrous
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Brent R Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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Davis MC, Fortenberry RC. (T)+EOM Quartic Force Fields for Theoretical Vibrational Spectroscopy of Electronically Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4374-4382. [PMID: 34165980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(T)+EOM quartic force fields (QFFs) are proposed for ab initio rovibrational properties of electronically excited states of small molecules. The (T)+EOM method is a simple treatment of the potential surface of the excited state using a composite energy from the CCSD(T) energy for the ground-state configuration and the EOM-CCSD excitation energy for the target state. The method is benchmarked with two open-shell species, HOO and HNF, and two closed-shell species, HNO and HCF. A (T)+EOM QFF with a complete basis set extrapolation (C) and corrections for core correlation (cC) and scalar relativity (R), dubbed (T)+EOM/CcCR, achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) as low as 1.6 cm-1 for the à 2A' state of HOO versus an established benchmark QFF with CCSD(T)-F12b/cc-pVTZ-F12 (F12-TZ) for this variationally accessible electronically excited state. The MAE for anharmonic frequencies for (T)+EOM/CcCR versus F12-TZ for HNF is 7.5 cm-1. The closed-shell species are compared directly with the experiment, where a simpler (T)+EOM QFF using the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set compares more favorably than the more costly (T)+EOM/CcCR, suggesting a possible influence of decreasing accuracy with basis set size. Scans along internal coordinates are also provided which show reasonable modeling of the potential surface by (T)+EOM compared to benchmark QFFs computed for variationally accessible electronic states. The agreement between (T)+EOM/CcCR with F12-TZ and CcCR benchmarks is also shown to be quite accurate for rotational constants and geometries, with an MAE of 0.008 MHz for the rotational constants of (T)+EOM/CcCR versus CcCR for à 2A' HOO and agreement within 0.003 Šfor bond lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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7
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Fortenberry RC, DeYonker NJ. Rovibrational Quantum Chemical Treatment of Inorganic and Organometallic Astrochemicals. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:271-279. [PMID: 33356121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusOur two groups have both independently and collaboratively been pushing quantum-chemical techniques to produce highly accurate predictions of anharmonic vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants for molecules containing atoms outside of the typical upper p block. Methodologies employ composite approaches, relying on various levels of coupled cluster theory-most often at the singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level-and quartic force field constructions of the potential portion of the intramolecular Watson Hamiltonian. Such methods are known to perform well for organic species, and we have extended this to molecules containing atoms outside of this realm.One notable atom that has received much attention in this application is magnesium. Mg is the second-most-abundant element in the Earth's mantle, and while molecules containing this element are among the confirmed astrochemicals, its further atomic abundance in the galaxy implies that many more molecules (both purely inorganic and organometallic) containing element 12 exist in astrophysical regions in chemical sizes between those of atoms and dust-sized nanocrystals. Our approach discussed herein is producing quality benchmarks and predicting novel data for magnesium-bearing molecules.The story is similar for Al and Si, which are also notably abundant in both rocky bodies and the universe at large. While Na, Sc, and Cu may not be as abundant as Mg, Al, and Si, molecules containing Na and transition metals have also previously been reported to be detected beyond the Earth. Consequently, the need to produce spectral reference data for molecules containing such atoms is growing. While several experimental groups (including, notably, the groups in Arizona, Boston, and France/Spain) have clearly led the way in detection of inorganic/organometallic molecules in space, computational support and even rational design can provide novel avenues for the detection of molecules containing atoms not typically studied in most laboratories. The application of quantum chemistry to other elements beyond carbon and its cronies at the top right of the periodic table promises a better understanding of the observable universe. It will also provide novel and fundamental chemical insights pushing the "central science" into new molecular territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Nathan J. DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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Liu Z, He J, Li Y, Bai Y, Lin Q, Guo Y, Zhang F, Wu H, Jia J. Dative versus electron-sharing bonding in the isoelectronic argon compounds ArR + (R = CH 3, NH 2, OH, and F). NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the series of isoelectronic ArR+ (R = CH3, NH2, OH, and F) complexes, the nature of the bonding between Ar and R shifts from an Ar → R+ dative σ bond in ArCH3+ and ArNH2+ to an Ar+–R electron-sharing σ bond in ArOH+ and ArF+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Jing He
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Ya Li
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Qingyang Lin
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Yurong Guo
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Haishun Wu
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
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9
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Dallas J, Flint A, Fortenberry RC. Solvation of HeH+ in neon atoms: Proton-bound complexes of mixed He and Ne. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Rovibrational Spectral Analysis of CO3 and C2O3: Potential Sources for O2 Observed in Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab53e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Fortenberry RC, Lee TJ. Computational vibrational spectroscopy for the detection of molecules in space. ANNUAL REPORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.arcc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Fortenberry RC, Ascenzi D. ArCH 2 + : A Detectable Noble Gas Molecule. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3388-3392. [PMID: 30370986 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The noble gas molecular cation, ArCH2 + , has been observed in mass spectrometry experiments, and the present work is providing high-level quantum chemical predictions for the vibrational and rotational spectroscopic data necessary to observe this molecule in situ in other laboratory conditions. The Ar-C stretch in this cation is a bright fundamental vibrational frequency that should be observable in the early regions of the far-infrared at 421.2 cm-1 for the universally most common 36 Ar isotope. The near-prolate nature of this molecule and its 2.91 D dipole moment should also make it distinguishable for submillimeter detection, as well. Furthermore, the Ar-C bond strength in ArCH2 + is greater than the global minimum for the dissociation of the experimentally known ArOH+ cation. As a result, the infrared spectrum of this simple organo-noble gas molecule is likely waiting to be observed and may already exist in the spectra of hydrocarbon cations in argon-matrix condensed phase experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Fortenberry
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University, MS 38677-1848, U.S.A
| | - Daniela Ascenzi
- University of Trento, Department of Physics, Via Sommarive 14, 38050, Povo Trento, Italy
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Wagner JP, McDonald DC, Duncan MA. An Argon–Oxygen Covalent Bond in the ArOH
+
Molecular Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Wagner JP, McDonald DC, Duncan MA. An Argon–Oxygen Covalent Bond in the ArOH
+
Molecular Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5081-5085. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Westbrook BR, Dreux KM, Tschumper GS, Francisco JS, Fortenberry RC. Binding of the atomic cations hydrogen through argon to water and hydrogen sulfide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25967-25973. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water and hydrogen sulfide will bind with every atomic cation from the first three rows of the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katelyn M. Dreux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- USA
| | | | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science Philadelphia
- University of Pennsylvania
- USA
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Novak CM, Fortenberry RC. Vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants of three, stable noble gas molecules: NeCCH+, ArCCH+, and ArCN+. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5230-5238. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for possible, natural, noble gas molecules has led to quantum chemical, spectroscopic analysis of NeCCH+, ArCCH+, and ArCN+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie M. Novak
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
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Filipek G, Fortenberry RC. Formation of Potential Interstellar Noble Gas Molecules in Gas and Adsorbed Phases. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:765-772. [PMID: 31457160 PMCID: PMC6640802 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of naturally occurring ArH+ in various regions of the interstellar medium has shown the need for more understanding of the reactions that lead to covalently bonded noble gas molecules. The test comes with trying to predict the formation of other small noble gas molecules. Many molecules have been observed in various interstellar environments, which possess the possibility of bonding with noble gases. This work explores how both argon and neon can form bonds to ligands made of these species through quantum chemical computations. Argon and neon are chosen as they are among the most abundant atoms in the universe but are more polarizable than the more common but smaller helium atom. Reactions leading to noble gas molecules are modeled in the gas phase as well as through the adsorbed phase by catalysis with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) surface. The adsorption energy of the neutral noble gas atoms to the surface increases as the size of the PAH also increases but this is still less than 10 kcal/mol. It is proposed and supported herein that an incoming molecule can bond with the noble gas atom adsorbed onto the PAH, form a stable structure, and allow the PAH to function as the leaving group. This work shows that the noble gas molecules ArCCH+, ArOH+, ArNH+, and NeCCH+ are not only stable minima on their respective potential energy surfaces but also can be formed in either the gas phase or through PAH adsorption with known or hypothesized interstellar molecules. Most notably, NeCCH+ does not appear to form in the gas phase but could be catalyzed on PAH surfaces. Hence, the interstellar detection of such molecules could also serve as a probe for the observation of interstellar PAHs.
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Fortenberry RC, Lee TJ, Francisco JS. Quantum Chemical Analysis of the CO–HNN+ Proton-Bound Complex. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7745-7752. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - Timothy J. Lee
- MS 245-1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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