1
|
Kulesh B, Bozadjian R, Parisi RJ, Leong SA, Kautzman AG, Reese BE, Keeley PW. Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 9 and 19 modulate AII amacrine cell number in the mouse retina. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1078168. [PMID: 36816119 PMCID: PMC9932814 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1078168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence variants modulating gene function or expression affect various heritable traits, including the number of neurons within a population. The present study employed a forward-genetic approach to identify candidate causal genes and their sequence variants controlling the number of one type of retinal neuron, the AII amacrine cell. Data from twenty-six recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice derived from the parental C57BL/6J (B6/J) and A/J laboratory strains were used to identify genomic loci regulating cell number. Large variation in cell number is present across the RI strains, from a low of ∼57,000 cells to a high of ∼87,000 cells. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed three prospective controlling genomic loci, on Chromosomes (Chrs) 9, 11, and 19, each contributing additive effects that together approach the range of variation observed. Composite interval mapping validated two of these loci, and chromosome substitution strains, in which the A/J genome for Chr 9 or 19 was introgressed on a B6/J genetic background, showed increased numbers of AII amacrine cells as predicted by those two QTL effects. Analysis of the respective genomic loci identified candidate controlling genes defined by their retinal expression, their established biological functions, and by the presence of sequence variants expected to modulate gene function or expression. Two candidate genes, Dtx4 on Chr 19, being a regulator of Notch signaling, and Dixdc1 on Chr 9, a modulator of the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway, were explored in further detail. Postnatal overexpression of Dtx4 was found to reduce the frequency of amacrine cells, while Dixdc1 knockout retinas contained an excess of AII amacrine cells. Sequence variants in each gene were identified, being the likely sources of variation in gene expression, ultimately contributing to the final number of AII amacrine cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Kulesh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Bozadjian
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Ryan J. Parisi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Leong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Amanda G. Kautzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Reese
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Patrick W. Keeley
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bobes RJ, Estrada K, Rios-Valencia DG, Calderón-Gallegos A, de la Torre P, Carrero JC, Sanchez-Flores A, Laclette JP. The Genomes of Two Strains of Taenia crassiceps the Animal Model for the Study of Human Cysticercosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:876839. [PMID: 35619649 PMCID: PMC9128525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.876839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cysticercosis by Taenia solium is the major cause of neurological illness in countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Publication of four cestode genomes (T. solium, Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus and Hymenolepis microstoma) in the last decade, marked the advent of novel approaches on the study of the host-parasite molecular crosstalk for cestode parasites of importance for human and animal health. Taenia crassiceps is another cestode parasite, closely related to T. solium, which has been used in numerous studies as an animal model for human cysticercosis. Therefore, characterization of the T. crassiceps genome will also contribute to the understanding of the human infection. Here, we report the genome of T. crassiceps WFU strain, reconstructed to a noncontiguous finished resolution and performed a genomic and differential expression comparison analysis against ORF strain. Both strain genomes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore (MinION) and Illumina technologies, achieving high quality assemblies of about 107 Mb for both strains. Dotplot comparison between WFU and ORF demonstrated that both genomes were extremely similar. Additionally, karyotyping results for both strains failed to demonstrate a difference in chromosome composition. Therefore, our results strongly support the concept that the absence of scolex in the ORF strain of T. crassiceps was not the result of a chromosomal loss as proposed elsewhere. Instead, it appears to be the result of subtle and extensive differences in the regulation of gene expression. Analysis of variants between the two strains identified 2,487 sites with changes distributed in 31 of 65 scaffolds. The differential expression analysis revealed that genes related to development and morphogenesis in the ORF strain might be involved in the lack of scolex formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl J. Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Karel Estrada
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Patricia de la Torre
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Julio C. Carrero
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan P. Laclette, ; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,
| | - Juan P. Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan P. Laclette, ; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Micka M, Bryja V. Can We Pharmacologically Target Dishevelled: The Key Signal Transducer in the Wnt Pathways? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:117-135. [PMID: 34382124 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) is the central signal transducer in both Wnt/β-catenin-dependent and independent signalling pathways. DVL is required to connect receptor complexes and downstream effectors. Since proximal Wnt pathway components and DVL itself are upregulated in many types of cancer, DVL represents an attractive therapeutic target in the Wnt-addicted cancers and other disorders caused by aberrant Wnt signalling. Here, we discuss progress in several approaches for the modulation of DVL function and hence inhibition of the Wnt signalling. Namely, we sum up the potential of modulation of enzymes that control post-translational modification of DVL - such as inhibition of DVL kinases or promotion of DVL ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, we discuss research directions that can take advantage of direct interaction with the protein domains essential for DVL function: the inhibition of DIX- and DEP-domain mediated polymerization and interaction of DVL PDZ domain with its ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Micka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
DIXDC1 contributes to psychiatric susceptibility by regulating dendritic spine and glutamatergic synapse density via GSK3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:467-475. [PMID: 27752079 PMCID: PMC5395363 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking DIX domain containing-1 (DIXDC1), an intracellular Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway protein, have abnormal measures of anxiety, depression and social behavior. Pyramidal neurons in these animals' brains have reduced dendritic spines and glutamatergic synapses. Treatment with lithium or a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor corrects behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in these animals. Analysis of DIXDC1 in over 9000 cases of autism, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia reveals higher rates of rare inherited sequence-disrupting single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in these individuals compared with psychiatrically unaffected controls. Many of these SNVs alter Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity of the neurally predominant DIXDC1 isoform; a subset that hyperactivate this pathway cause dominant neurodevelopmental effects. We propose that rare missense SNVs in DIXDC1 contribute to psychiatric pathogenesis by reducing spine and glutamatergic synapse density downstream of GSK3 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Structural basis for Ccd1 auto-inhibition in the Wnt pathway through homomerization of the DIX domain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7739. [PMID: 28798413 PMCID: PMC5552852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in governing cell fate decisions. Coiled-coil-DIX1 (Ccd1), Dishevelled (Dvl), and Axin are signaling proteins that regulate the canonical pathway by controlling the stability of a key signal transducer β-catenin. These proteins contain the DIX domain with a ubiquitin-like fold, which mediates their interaction in the β-catenin destruction complex through dynamic head-to-tail polymerization. Despite high sequence similarities, mammalian Ccd1 shows weaker stimulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity compared with zebrafish (z) Ccd1 in cultured cells. Here, we show that the mouse (m) Ccd1 DIX domain displays weaker ability for homopolymerization than that of zCcd1. Furthermore, X-ray crystallographic analysis of mCcd1 and zCcd1 DIX domains revealed that mCcd1 was assembled into a double-helical filament by the insertion of the β1-β2 loop into the head-to-tail interface, whereas zCcd1 formed a typical single-helical polymer similar to Dvl1 and Axin. The mutation in the contact interface of mCcd1 double-helical polymer changed the hydrodynamic properties of mCcd1 so that it acquired the ability to induce Wnt-specific transcriptional activity similar to zCcd1. These findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism by which mCcd1 modulates Wnt signaling through auto-inhibition of dynamic head-to-tail homopolymerization.
Collapse
|
6
|
Knockdown of DIXDC1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Human Glioma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:1009-1019. [PMID: 27817168 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1), the human homolog of coiled-coil-DIX1 (Ccd1), is a positive regulator of Wnt signaling pathway. Recently, it was found to act as a candidate oncogene in colon cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of DIXDC1 expression in human glioma and its biological function in glioma cells. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that DIXDC1 was overexpressed in glioma tissues and glioma cell lines. The expression level of DIXDC1 was evidently linked to glioma pathological grade and Ki-67 expression. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that high expression of DIXDC1 may lead to poor outcome of glioma patients. Serum starvation and refeeding assay indicated that the expression of DIXDC1 was associated with cell cycle. To determine whether DIXDC1 could regulate the proliferation and migration of glioma cells, we transfected glioma cells with interfering RNA-targeting DIXDC1; investigated cell proliferation with Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, flow cytometry assays, and colony formation analyses; and investigated cell migration with wound healing assays and transwell assays. According to our data, knockdown of DIXDC1 significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of glioma cells. These data implied that DIXDC1 might participate in the development of glioma, suggesting that DIXDC1 can become a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kwan V, Meka D, White S, Hung C, Holzapfel N, Walker S, Murtaza N, Unda B, Schwanke B, Yuen R, Habing K, Milsom C, Hope K, Truant R, Scherer S, Calderon de Anda F, Singh K. DIXDC1 Phosphorylation and Control of Dendritic Morphology Are Impaired by Rare Genetic Variants. Cell Rep 2016; 17:1892-1904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
8
|
Ouyang Y, Zhong F, Wang Q, Ding L, Zhang P, Chen L, Wang Y, Cheng C. DIXDC1 promotes tumor proliferation and cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) via enhancing p-Akt in Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Leuk Res 2016; 50:104-111. [PMID: 27701018 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1), is a human homolog of Ccd1, a DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. The present study was undertaken to determine the expression and biologic function of DIXDC1 in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Clinically, we detected that the expression of DIXDC1 was significantly lower in the indolent lymphomas compared with the progressive lymphomas by immunohistochemistry analysis. Functionally, we found that DIXDC1 could promote cell proliferation via modulating cell cycle progression and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in NHLs. Moreover, we confirmed that DIXDC1 was involved in the process of lymphoma cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Adhesion to fibronectin (FN) or HS-5 up-regulated DIXDC1 expression, and up-regulation of DIXDC1 resulted in an increased expression of p-AKT, which promoted CAM-DR. Our finding supports the role of DIXDC1 in cell proliferation, cell cycle and CAM-DR in NHLs. We propose that inhibition of DIXDC1 expression may be a novel therapeutic approach for NHLs patients, and it may be a target for drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ouyang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiru Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chun Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou S, Shen J, Lin S, Liu X, Xu M, Shi L, Wang X, Cai X. Downregulated expression of DIXDC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation with prognosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13607-13616. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Wang L, Tan C, Qiao F, Wang W, Jiang X, Lian P, Chang B, Sheng W. Upregulated expression of DIXDC1 in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma: co-localization with β-catenin and correlation with poor prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:120. [PMID: 26689843 PMCID: PMC4683926 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DIXDC1 (Dishevelled-Axin domain containing 1) is a positive regulator of the Wnt pathway. In the field of cancer research, the role of DIXDC1 is unclear. Our previous in vitro study showed that DIXDC1 enhances β-catenin nuclear accumulation in gastric cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of DIXDC1 in different histological subtypes of gastric carcinoma and to evaluate the correlation between the expression of DIXDC1 and β-catenin localization and clinicopathological parameters, including patients’ survival. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to characterize the expression of DIXDC1 and β-catenin in archived materials from 259 cases of gastric carcinoma. The χ2 test and the Fisher’s test were used to analyze correlations between DIXDC1 expression, β-catenin localization, and clinicopathological parameters. Univariate analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the survival difference between groups was assessed by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Positive DIXDC1 staining was detected in tumor cells in 123 of 259 (47.5 %) cases. DIXDC1 expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly correlated with the histological intestinal-type (P < 0.001), the depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.001) and the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.006). In the intestinal-type, DIXDC1 was correlated with the nuclear and cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (P = 0.002). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients with high DIXDC1 expression had poor disease-specific survival (P < 0.001), especially in the intestinal-type. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis showed that positive expression of DIXDC1 was an independent prognostic predictor of intestinal-type gastric carcinoma. Conclusion Our study indicated that DIXDC1 is a significant independent prognostic indicator in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma that plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma through the Wnt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Fan Qiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Weige Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiangnan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Peng Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu Z, Liu D, Fan C, Luan L, Zhang X, Wang E. DIXDC1 increases the invasion and migration ability of non-small-cell lung cancer cells via the PI3K-AKT/AP-1 pathway. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:917-25. [PMID: 23813858 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1), is a human homolog of Ccd1, a recently identified DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. DIXDC1 protein was detected in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and was found to be correlated with a high cell proliferation index. We demonstrated DIXDC1 overexpression in 55% (92/167) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, compared to adjacent noncancerous lung tissues (P < 0.01). Overexpression of DIXDC1 was associated with lymph node metastasis and more advanced TNM stage (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank testing indicated that overexpression of DIXDC1 correlated with worse overall survival in NSCLC (P = 0.031). DIXDC1 was more abundant in seven NSCLC lines than the bronchial cell line HBE, and modulation of its expression regulated AP-1 activity; MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 protein and mRNA; and invasion ability. Metalloproteinase induction was reversed by PI3K/AKT and AP-1 inhibition. These results suggest DIXDC1 is associated with stage and prognosis in NSCLC, and may promote invasion and migration through PI3K-AKT/AP-1-dependent activation of metalloproteinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Inestrosa NC, Montecinos-Oliva C, Fuenzalida M. Wnt signaling: role in Alzheimer disease and schizophrenia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 7:788-807. [PMID: 23160851 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling function starts during the development of the nervous system and is crucial for synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Clearly Wnt effects in synaptic and plastic processes are relevant, however the implication of this pathway in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases that produce synaptic impairment, is even more interesting. Several years ago our laboratory found a relationship between the loss of Wnt signaling and the neurotoxicity of the amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ), one of the main players in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, the activation of the Wnt signaling cascade prevents Aβ-dependent cytotoxic effects. In fact, disrupted Wnt signaling may be a direct link between Aβ-toxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation, ultimately leading to impaired synaptic plasticity and/or neuronal degeneration, indicating that a single pathway can account for both neuro-pathological lesions and altered synaptic function. These observations, suggest that a sustained loss of Wnt signaling function may be a key relevant factor in the pathology of AD. On the other hand, Schizophrenia remains one of the most debilitating and intractable illness in psychiatry. Since Wnt signaling is important in organizing the developing brain, it is reasonable to propose that defects in Wnt signaling could contribute to Schizophrenia, particularly since the neuro-developmental hypothesis of the disease implies subtle dys-regulation of brain development, including some core components of the Wnt signaling pathways such as GSK-3β or Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 (DISC-1). This review focuses on the relationship between Wnt signaling and its potential relevance for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases including AD and Schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kivimäe S, Martin PM, Kapfhamer D, Ruan Y, Heberlein U, Rubenstein JLR, Cheyette BNR. Abnormal behavior in mice mutant for the Disc1 binding partner, Dixdc1. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e43. [PMID: 22832659 PMCID: PMC3309484 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a genetic susceptibility locus for major mental illness, including schizophrenia and depression. The Disc1 protein was recently shown to interact with the Wnt signaling protein, DIX domain containing 1 (Dixdc1). Both proteins participate in neural progenitor proliferation dependent on Wnt signaling, and in neural migration independently of Wnt signaling. Interestingly, their effect on neural progenitor proliferation is additive. By analogy to Disc1, mutations in Dixdc1 may lead to abnormal behavior in mice, and to schizophrenia or depression in humans. To explore this hypothesis further, we generated mice mutant at the Dixdc1 locus and analyzed their behavior. Dixdc1(-/-) mice had normal prepulse inhibition, but displayed decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, abnormal behavior in the elevated plus maze and deficits in startle reactivity. Our results suggest that Dixdc1(-/-) mice will be a useful tool to elucidate molecular pathophysiology involving Disc1 in major mental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kivimäe
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P-M Martin
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Kapfhamer
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Y Ruan
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - U Heberlein
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Emeryville, CA, USA,Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA,UCSF Graduate Program in Neuroscience, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J L R Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA,UCSF Graduate Program in Neuroscience, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B N R Cheyette
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA,UCSF Graduate Program in Neuroscience, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Terawaki SI, Yano K, Katsutani T, Shiomi K, Keino-Masu K, Masu M, Shomura Y, Komori H, Shibata N, Higuchi Y. Crystallographic characterization of the DIX domain of the Wnt signalling positive regulator Ccd1. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:758-61. [PMID: 21795788 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111016526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coiled-coil DIX1 (Ccd1) is a positive regulator that activates the canonical Wnt signalling pathway by inhibiting the degradation of the key signal transducer β-catenin. The C-terminal DIX domain of Ccd1 plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction through homo-oligomerization and protein complex formation with other DIX domain-containing proteins, i.e. axin and dishevelled proteins. Here, the expression, purification, crystallization and X-ray data collection of the Ccd1 DIX domain are reported. The crystals of the Ccd1 DIX domain belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a=72.9, b=75.7, c=125.6 Å. An X-ray diffraction data set was collected at 3.0 Å resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Terawaki
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu YT, Dan QJ, Wang J, Feng Y, Chen L, Liang J, Li Q, Lin SC, Wang ZX, Wu JW. Molecular basis of Wnt activation via the DIX domain protein Ccd1. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8597-8608. [PMID: 21189423 PMCID: PMC3048742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling plays pivotal roles in embryogenesis and cancer, and the three DIX domain-containing proteins, Dvl, Axin, and Ccd1, play distinct roles in the initiation and regulation of canonical Wnt signaling. Overexpressed Dvl has a tendency to form large polymers in a cytoplasmic punctate pattern, whereas the biologically active Dvl in fact forms low molecular weight oligomers. The molecular basis for how the polymeric sizes of Dvl proteins are controlled upon Wnt signaling remains unclear. Here we show that Ccd1 up-regulates canonical Wnt signaling via acting synergistically with Dvl. We determined the crystal structures of wild type Ccd1-DIX and mutant Dvl1-DIX(Y17D), which pack into "head-to-tail" helical filaments. Structural analyses reveal two sites crucial for intra-filament homo- and hetero-interaction and a third site for inter-filament homo-assembly. Systematic mutagenesis studies identified critical residues from all three sites required for Dvl homo-oligomerization, puncta formation, and stimulation of Wnt signaling. Remarkably, Ccd1 forms a hetero-complex with Dvl through the "head" of Dvl-DIX and the "tail" of Ccd1-DIX, depolymerizes Dvl homo-assembly, and thereby controls the size of Dvl polymer. These data together suggest a molecular mechanism for Ccd1-mediated Wnt activation in that Ccd1 converts latent polymeric Dvl to a biologically active oligomer(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tong Liu
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong-Jie Dan
- the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Jiawei Wang
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Lei Chen
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Liang
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,; the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Jia-Wei Wu
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Li H, Chen Q, Zhu T, Zhu H, Zheng L. Wnt signaling stabilizes the DIXDC1 protein through decreased ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:700-6. [PMID: 20085589 PMCID: PMC11159438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays key roles in development, cell growth, differentiation, polarity formation, neural development, and carcinogenesis. DIX Domain Containing 1 (DIXDC1), a novel component of the Wnt pathway, was recently cloned. DIXDC1 is the human homolog of Ccd1, a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway during zebrafish neural patterning. Little has been known about DIXDC1 gene expression regulation. In the present study, we showed that the DIXDC1 protein was induced upon Wnt-3a stimulation, whereas the DIXDC1 mRNA level was not significantly increased after Wnt-3a treatment. Positive DIXDC1 staining was detected in colon cancer cells and was colocalized with beta-catenin staining. However, the DIXDC1 mRNA expression decreased in human colon cancer cells compared to the matched normal colon epithelial cells. Our further investigation showed that the DIXDC1 protein was degraded through the proteasome pathway, and the activation of canonical Wnt signaling decreased the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of both the ectopic and endogenous DIXDC1 protein. In order to explore the possible mechanism of the ubiquitination of DIXDC1, we found that the phosphorylation of DIXDC1 was inhibited by Wnt-3a. Collectively, these results indicate that canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation might upregulate DIXDC1 through a post-translational mechanism by inhibiting the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the DIXDC1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paun BC, Cheng Y, Leggett BA, Young J, Meltzer SJ, Mori Y. Screening for microsatellite instability identifies frequent 3'-untranslated region mutation of the RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 gene in colon tumors. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7715. [PMID: 19888451 PMCID: PMC2766054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coding region microsatellite instability (MSI) results in loss of gene products and promotion of microsatellite-unstable (MSI-H) carcinogenesis. Recent studies have indicated that MSI within 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) may post-transcriptionally dysregulate gene products. Within this context, we conducted a broad mutational survey of 42 short 3′UTR microsatellites (MSs) in 45 MSI-H colorectal tumors and their corresponding normal colonic mucosae. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to estimate the overall susceptibility of MSs to MSI in MSI-H tumors, the observed MSI frequency of each MS was correlated with its length, interspecies sequence conservation level, and distance from some genetic elements (i.e., stop codon, polyA signal, and microRNA binding sites). All MSs were stable in normal colonic mucosae. The MSI frequency at each MS in MSI-H tumors was independent of sequence conservation level and distance from other genetic elements. In contrast, MS length correlated significantly with MSI frequency in MSI-H tumors (r = 0.86, p = 7.2×10−13). 3′UTR MSs demonstrated MSI frequencies in MSI-H tumors higher than the 99% upper limit predicted by MS length for RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1(RB1CC1, mutation frequency 68.4%), NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1(NUAK1, 31.0%), and Rtf1, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (RTF1, 25.0%). An in silico prediction of RNA structure alterations was conducted for these MSI events to gauge their likelihood of affecting post-transcriptional regulation. RB1CC1 mutant was predicted to lose a microRNA-accessible loop structure at a putative binding site for the tumor-suppressive microRNA, miR-138. In contrast, the predicted 3′UTR structural change was minimal for NUAK1- and RTF1 mutants. Notably, real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed significant RB1CC1 mRNA overexpression vs. normal colonic mucosae in MSI-H cancers manifesting RB1CC1 3′UTR MSI (9.0-fold; p = 3.6×10−4). Conclusions This mutational survey of well-characterized short 3′UTR MSs confirms that MSI incidence in MSI-H colorectal tumors correlates with MS length, but not with sequence conservation level or distance from other genetic elements. This study also identifies RB1CC1 as a novel target of frequent mutation and aberrant upregulation in MSI-H colorectal tumors. The predicted loss of a microRNA-accessible structure in mutant RB1CC1 RNA fits the hypothesis that 3′UTR MSI involves in aberrant RB1CC1 posttranscriptional upregulation. Further direct assessments are indicated to investigate this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan C. Paun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Leggett
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Lab, Royal Brisbane Hospital Foundation, Clinical Research Centre, Bancroft Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne Young
- Familial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuriko Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Cao XX, Chen Q, Zhu TF, Zhu HG, Zheng L. DIXDC1 targets p21 and cyclin D1 via PI3K pathway activation to promote colon cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1801-8. [PMID: 19572978 PMCID: PMC11159846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DIXDC1 is the human homolog of Ccd1, a recently identified DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. It is a positive regulator in the Wnt signaling pathway functioning downstream of Wnt and upstream of Axin. Since Wnt pathway activation is correlated with human colon cancer formation and progression, the biological role of DIXDC1 in human colon cancer was examined. In the current study, up-regulation of DIXDC1 protein was detected in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and was found to be correlated well with high cell proliferation index. Ectopic over-expression of DIXDC1 resulted in increased cell proliferation in vitro and accelerated tumorigenesis on nude mice in vivo. We also showed that DIXDC1 promoted G0/G1 to S phase transition concomitantly with up-regulation of cyclin D1 and down-regulation of p21 protein. DIXDC1 over-expression cells showed activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Both siRNA knockdown of DIXDC1 and blocking the PI3K pathway using a specific inhibitor caused G1/S phase arrest, as well as down-regulation of cyclin D1 and up-regulation of p21 in DIXDC1 over-expression colon cancer cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that over-expression of DIXDC1 might target p21 and cyclin D1 to promote colon cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis at least partially through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical School, Research Center for Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu Y, Jing X, Ma X, Wu Y, Ding X, Fan W, Fan M. DIXDC1 co-localizes and interacts with gamma-tubulin in HEK293 cells. Cell Biol Int 2009; 33:697-701. [PMID: 19375513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
DIXDC1 is a Dishevelled-Axin (DIX) domain-containing protein involved in neural development and Wnt signaling pathway. Besides the DIX domain, DIXDC1 also contains a coiled-coil domain (MTH domain), which is a common feature of centrosomal proteins. We have demonstrated that exogenously expressed GFP-tag fused DIXDC1 co-localize with gamma-tubulin both at interphase and mitotic phase in HEK293 cells. By immunostaining with anti-DIXDC1 and anti-gamma-tubulin antibody, endogenous DIXDC1 was also co-localized with gamma-tubulin at the centrosomes in HEK293 cells. We confirmed this interaction of DIXDC1 with gamma-tubulin by co-immunoprecipitation. The findings suggest that DIXDC1 might play an important role in chromosome segregation and cell cycle regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Wu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity Research, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ikeuchi Y, Stegmüller J, Netherton S, Huynh MA, Masu M, Frank D, Bonni S, Bonni A. A SnoN-Ccd1 pathway promotes axonal morphogenesis in the mammalian brain. J Neurosci 2009; 29:4312-21. [PMID: 19339625 PMCID: PMC2853192 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0126-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional corepressor SnoN is a critical regulator of axonal morphogenesis, but how SnoN drives axonal growth is unknown. Here, we report that gene-profiling analyses in cerebellar granule neurons reveal that the large majority of genes altered upon SnoN knockdown are surprisingly downregulated, suggesting that SnoN may activate transcription in neurons. Accordingly, we find that the transcriptional coactivator p300 interacts with SnoN, and p300 plays a critical role in SnoN-induced axon growth. We also identify the gene encoding the signaling scaffold protein Ccd1 as a critical target of SnoN in neurons. Ccd1 localizes to the actin cytoskeleton, is enriched at axon terminals in neurons, and activates the axon growth-promoting kinase JNK (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase). Knockdown of Ccd1 in neurons reduces axonal length and suppresses the ability of SnoN to promote axonal growth. Importantly, Ccd1 knockdown in rat pups profoundly impairs the formation of granule neuron parallel fiber axons in the rat cerebellar cortex in vivo. These findings define a novel SnoN-Ccd1 link that promotes axonal growth in the mammalian brain, with important implications for axonal development and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Judith Stegmüller
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stuart Netherton
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Mai Anh Huynh
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Masayuki Masu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan, and
| | - David Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Shirin Bonni
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
DIXDC1 Promotes Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation and Inhibits Gliogenesis in P19 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 29:55-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-008-9295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Wang X, Zheng L, Zeng Z, Zhou G, Chien J, Qian C, Vasmatzis G, Shridhar V, Chen L, Liu W. DIXDC1 isoform, l-DIXDC1, is a novel filamentous actin-binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 347:22-30. [PMID: 16814745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ccd1, a DIX domain containing Zebrafish protein involved in neural patterning, is a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. DIXDC1, the human homolog of Ccd1, has two predominant isoforms. The short form (s-DIXDC1) has a similar amino acid sequence compared with Ccd1, while the long form (l-DIXDC1) contains an extra N-terminal sequence containing a calponin-homology (CH) domain, suggesting additional interaction with actin that we have performed detailed analysis in this report. We show that mRNA expression of both DIXDC1 isoforms can be detected in various adult tissues by Northern blot analysis and is most abundant in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Both endogenous and ectopically expressed l-DIXDC1, but not s-DIXDC1, in cultured mammalian cells is localized to actin stress fibers at the filament ends in focal adhesion plaques. More importantly, l-DIXDC1 can directly bind to filamentous actin both in vitro and in vivo and the binding is mediated via a novel actin-binding domain (ABD) from amino acid 127 to 300. Thus, our data provide the first evidence that l-DIXDC1 may act as a novel branching component in the Wnt signaling pathway targeting both beta-catenin-TCF complex for gene expression and cytoskeleton for regulating dynamics of actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soma K, Shiomi K, Keino-Masu K, Masu M. Expression of mouse Coiled-coil-DIX1 (Ccd1), a positive regulator of Wnt signaling, during embryonic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2006; 6:325-30. [PMID: 16378754 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, polarity formation, and neural development. We have recently identified the Coiled-coil-DIX1 (Ccd1) gene encoding a third type of a DIX domain-containing protein. Ccd1 forms homomeric and heteromeric complexes with Dishevelled and Axin, and positively regulates the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Ccd1 mRNA in mouse embryos from embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) to E17.5 by in situ hybridization. Ccd1 expression was detected in the node region in gastrula embryos, in the cephalic mesenchyme and tail bud at E8.5, and in the branchial arch and forelimb bud at E9.5. In the central nervous system, Ccd1 expression began and persisted in the regions where the neurons differentiated, so that it was observed throughout the brain and spinal cord at E17.5. Ccd1 expression was also strong in the peripheral nervous system, including sensory cranial ganglia (trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear ganglia), dorsal root ganglia, and autonomic ganglia (sympathetic ganglia, celiac ganglion, and hypogastric plexus). Ccd1 was detected in the sensory organs, such as the inner nuclear layer of the neural retina, saccule and cochlea of the inner ear, and nasal epithelium. Outside the nervous system, Ccd1 mRNA was observed in the cartilage, tongue, lung bud, stomach, and gonad at E12.5-E14.5, and in the tooth bud, bronchial epithelium, and kidney at E17.5. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Ccd1 expression is observed in all the neurons in the nervous system, closely associated with neural crest-derived tissues, and largely overlapping with the regions where several Wnt genes are reported to play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Soma
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|