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Stelmach KB, Dukes CA, Garrod RT. Search for Chirality in Hydrogenated Magnesium Nanosilicates: A DFT and TD-DFT Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3475-3494. [PMID: 38687691 PMCID: PMC11089509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The formation of silicate grains in the interstellar medium (ISM), especially those containing chiral surfaces such as clinopyroxenes, is poorly understood. Moreover, silicate interactions with various forms of hydrogen-proton (H+), neutral H (HI), and molecular hydrogen (H2) are of high importance as hydrogen comprises >90% of the ISM gas budget, and these species play important roles in the formation of new molecules in space. Furthermore, silicate surfaces catalyze the formation of H2 in the interstellar medium formed on dust grain surfaces by H-H association. The technical difficulty of in situ laboratory investigations of nanosilicate nucleation using astrophysically relevant environmental conditions makes computational chemistry a useful tool for studying potential nanosilicate structures. Furthermore, chiral surfaces interacting with chiral organic molecules could serve as templates that lead to the enantiomeric excess of l-amino acids and d-polyols detected in carbonaceous meteorites. However, in order for this effect to take place, an excess of one chiral form of a mineral is required to break the symmetry. This symmetry-breaking event could have been due to the asymmetric absorption of circularly polarized light by the nanosilicate as it traverses star-forming regions. We investigate this possibility using a metastable chiral form of an enstatite dimer as an input for density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations to obtain various properties and circular dichroism spectra. All in all, twenty-six magnesium nanosilicate structures were studied using varying degrees of hydrogenation: none, with HI, with H+, and with H2. The HSE06/aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory was used for the DFT calculations. TD-DFT calculations utilized the CAM-B3LYP/cc-pVQZ and ωB97X-D3/cc-pVQZ functional and basic set pairings. Results show that (1) all twenty-six structures have absorption bands that fall within the 0.6-28.3 μm range available with the newly launched James Webb Space Telescope and (2) there is a small enantioselective effect by UV-CPL on the eight chiral enstatite dimers (predicted g-values of up to 0.007). While the observed effect is small, it opens up the possibility that it is the inorganic material that becomes enantiomerically biased by UV-CPL, driving chiral enhancements in meteoric organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil B. Stelmach
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 20904, United States
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics and Surface Physics, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Catherine A. Dukes
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics and Surface Physics, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Robin T. Garrod
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 20904, United States
- Department
of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Sallembien Q, Bouteiller L, Crassous J, Raynal M. Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3436-3476. [PMID: 35377372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single chirality of biological molecules in terrestrial biology raises more questions than certitudes about its origin. The emergence of biological homochirality (BH) and its connection with the appearance of life have elicited a large number of theories related to the generation, amplification and preservation of a chiral bias in molecules of life under prebiotically relevant conditions. However, a global scenario is still lacking. Here, the possibility of inducing a significant chiral bias "from scratch", i.e. in the absence of pre-existing enantiomerically-enriched chemical species, will be considered first. It includes phenomena that are inherent to the nature of matter itself, such as the infinitesimal energy difference between enantiomers as a result of violation of parity in certain fundamental interactions, and physicochemical processes related to interactions between chiral organic molecules and physical fields, polarized particles, polarized spins and chiral surfaces. The spontaneous emergence of chirality in the absence of detectable chiral physical and chemical sources has recently undergone significant advances thanks to the deracemization of conglomerates through Viedma ripening and asymmetric auto-catalysis with the Soai reaction. All these phenomena are commonly discussed as plausible sources of asymmetry under prebiotic conditions and are potentially accountable for the primeval chiral bias in molecules of life. Then, several scenarios will be discussed that are aimed to reflect the different debates about the emergence of BH: extra-terrestrial or terrestrial origin (where?), nature of the mechanisms leading to the propagation and enhancement of the primeval chiral bias (how?) and temporal sequence between chemical homochirality, BH and life emergence (when?). Intense and ongoing theories regarding the emergence of optically pure molecules at different moments of the evolution process towards life, i.e. at the levels of building blocks of Life, of the instructed or functional polymers, or even later at the stage of more elaborated chemical systems, will be critically discussed. The underlying principles and the experimental evidence will be commented for each scenario with particular attention on those leading to the induction and enhancement of enantiomeric excesses in proteinogenic amino acids, natural sugars, and their intermediates or derivatives. The aim of this review is to propose an updated and timely synopsis in order to stimulate new efforts in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sallembien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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Chirality in Organic and Mineral Systems: A Review of Reactivity and Alteration Processes Relevant to Prebiotic Chemistry and Life Detection Missions. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality is a central feature in the evolution of biological systems, but the reason for biology’s strong preference for specific chiralities of amino acids, sugars, and other molecules remains a controversial and unanswered question in origins of life research. Biological polymers tend toward homochiral systems, which favor the incorporation of a single enantiomer (molecules with a specific chiral configuration) over the other. There have been numerous investigations into the processes that preferentially enrich one enantiomer to understand the evolution of an early, racemic, prebiotic organic world. Chirality can also be a property of minerals; their interaction with chiral organics is important for assessing how post-depositional alteration processes could affect the stereochemical configuration of simple and complex organic molecules. In this paper, we review the properties of organic compounds and minerals as well as the physical, chemical, and geological processes that affect organic and mineral chirality during the preservation and detection of organic compounds. We provide perspectives and discussions on the reactions and analytical techniques that can be performed in the laboratory, and comment on the state of knowledge of flight-capable technologies in current and future planetary missions, with a focus on organics analysis and life detection.
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Hazen RM. Chance, necessity and the origins of life: a physical sciences perspective. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20160353. [PMID: 29133451 PMCID: PMC5686409 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Earth's 4.5-billion-year history has witnessed a complex sequence of high-probability chemical and physical processes, as well as 'frozen accidents'. Most models of life's origins similarly invoke a sequence of chemical reactions and molecular self-assemblies in which both necessity and chance play important roles. Recent research adds two important insights into this discussion. First, in the context of chemical reactions, chance versus necessity is an inherently false dichotomy-a range of probabilities exists for many natural events. Second, given the combinatorial richness of early Earth's chemical and physical environments, events in molecular evolution that are unlikely at limited laboratory scales of space and time may, nevertheless, be inevitable on an Earth-like planet at time scales of a billion years.This article is part of the themed issue 'Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hazen
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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Matsumoto A, Kaimori Y, Uchida M, Omori H, Kawasaki T, Soai K. Achiral Inorganic Gypsum Acts as an Origin of Chirality through Its Enantiotopic Surface in Conjunction with Asymmetric Autocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kaimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Mizuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Haruna Omori
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Research Institute for Science and Technology; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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6
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Matsumoto A, Kaimori Y, Uchida M, Omori H, Kawasaki T, Soai K. Achiral Inorganic Gypsum Acts as an Origin of Chirality through Its Enantiotopic Surface in Conjunction with Asymmetric Autocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:545-548. [PMID: 27906493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kaimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Mizuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Haruna Omori
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Research Institute for Science and Technology; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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Weissbuch I, Lahav M. Crystalline Architectures as Templates of Relevance to the Origins of Homochirality. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3236-67. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Weissbuch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
| | - Meir Lahav
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
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Budnikov GK, Evtyugin GA, Budnikova YG, Al’fonsov VA. Chemically modified electrodes with amperometric response in enantioselective analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934808010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Bing Y, Selassie D, Paradise RH, Isborn C, Kramer N, Sadilek M, Kaminsky W, Kahr B. Circular dichroism tensor of a triarylmethyl propeller in sodium chlorate crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7454-65. [PMID: 20446684 DOI: 10.1021/ja1018892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 1919, Perucca reported anomalous optical rotatory dispersion from chiral NaClO(3) crystals that were colored by having been grown from a solution containing an equilibrium racemic mixture of a triarylmethane dye (Perucca, E. Nuovo Cimento 1919, 18, 112-154). Perucca's chiroptical observations are apparently consistent with a resolution of the propeller-shaped dye molecules by NaClO(3) crystals. This implies that Perucca achieved the first enantioselective adsorption of a racemic mixture on an inorganic crystal, providing evidence of the resolution of a triarylmethyl propeller compound lacking bulky ortho substituents. Following the earlier report, NaClO(3) crystals dyed with aniline blue are described herein. The rich linear optical properties of (001), (110), and (111) sections of these mixed crystals are described via their absorbance spectra in polarized light as well as images related to linear dichroism, linear birefringence, circular dichroism, and anomalous circular extinction. The linear dichroism fixes the transition electric dipole moments in the aromatic plane with respect to the growth faces of the NaClO(3) cubes. Likewise, circular dichroism measurements of four orientations of aniline blue in NaClO(3) fix a bisignate tensor with respect to the crystal growth faces. Electronic transition moments and circular dichroism tensors were computed ab initio for aniline blue. These calculations, in conjunction with the crystal-optical properties, establish a consistent mixed-crystal model. The nature of the circular extinction depends upon the crystallographic direction along which the crystals are examined. Along 100, the crystals evidence circular dichroism. Along 110, the crystals evidence mainly anomalous circular extinction. These two properties, while measured by the differential transmission of left and right circularly polarized light, are easily distinguished in their transformation properties with respect to reorientations of the sample plates. Circular dichroism is symmetric with respect to the wave vector, whereas anomalous circular extinction is antisymmetric. Analysis of Perucca's raw data reveals that he was observing a convolution of linear and circular optical properties. The relatively large circular dichroism should in principle establish the absolute configuration of the propeller-shaped molecules associated with d- or l-NaClO(3) crystals. However, this determination was not as straightforward as it appeared at the outset. In the solid state, unlike in solution, a strong chiroptical response is not in and of itself evidence of enantiomeric resolution. It is shown how it is possible to have a poor resolution-even an equal population of P and M propellers-within a given chiral NaClO(3) crystal and still have a large circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Bing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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10
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Cleaves HJ, Jonsson CM, Jonsson CL, Sverjensky DA, Hazen RM. Adsorption of nucleic acid components on rutile (TiO(2)) surfaces. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:311-323. [PMID: 20446871 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2009.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, the storage molecules of genetic information, are composed of repeating polymers of ribonucleotides (in RNA) or deoxyribonucleotides (in DNA), which are themselves composed of a phosphate moiety, a sugar moiety, and a nitrogenous base. The interactions between these components and mineral surfaces are important because there is a tremendous flux of nucleic acids in the environment due to cell death and horizontal gene transfer. The adsorption of mono-, oligo-, and polynucleotides and their components on mineral surfaces may have been important for the origin of life. We have studied here interactions of nucleic acid components with rutile (TiO(2)), a mineral common in many terrestrial crustal rocks. Our results suggest roles for several nucleic acid functional groups (including sugar hydroxyl groups, the phosphate group, and extracyclic functional groups on the bases) in binding, in agreement with results obtained from studies of other minerals. In contrast with recent studies of nucleotide adsorption on ZnO, aluminum oxides, and hematite, our results suggest a different preferred orientation for the monomers on rutile surfaces. The conformations of the molecules bound to rutile surfaces appear to favor specific interactions, which in turn may allow identification of the most favorable mineral surfaces for nucleic acid adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- H James Cleaves
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
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11
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Han JW, Sholl DS. Enantiospecific adsorption of amino acids on hydroxylated quartz (101̄0). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8024-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b926035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Kahr B, Bing Y, Kaminsky W, Viterbo D. Turinese Stereochemistry: Eligio Perucca's Enantioselectivity and Primo Levi's Asymmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3744-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Kahr B, Bing Y, Kaminsky W, Viterbo D. Turiner Stereochemie: Eligio Peruccas Enantioselektivität und Primo Levis Asymmetrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Kahr B, Freudenthal JH. Dendritic crystal growth, differential circular scattering, and the origin of biomolecular homochirality. Chirality 2008; 20:973-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Kulp EA, Switzer JA. Electrochemical Biomineralization: The Deposition of Calcite with Chiral Morphologies. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15120-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Kulp
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170
| | - Jay A. Switzer
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170
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17
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Mallat T, Orglmeister E, Baiker A. Asymmetric Catalysis at Chiral Metal Surfaces. Chem Rev 2007; 107:4863-90. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0683663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Mallat
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E. Orglmeister
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Baiker
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Wolf SE, Loges N, Mathiasch B, Panthöfer M, Mey I, Janshoff A, Tremel W. Phase Selection of Calcium Carbonate through the Chirality of Adsorbed Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5618-23. [PMID: 17583884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan E Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Wolf S, Loges N, Mathiasch B, Panthöfer M, Mey I, Janshoff A, Tremel W. Phasenselektion von Calciumcarbonat durch die Chiralität adsorbierter Aminosäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Sarkar SK, Burla N, Bohannan EW, Switzer JA. Enhancing Enantioselectivity of Electrodeposited CuO Films by Chiral Etching. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8972-3. [PMID: 17595093 DOI: 10.1021/ja073640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaibal K Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170, USA
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21
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Asthagiri A, Hazen RM. Anab initiostudy of adsorption of alanine on the chiral calcite surface. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020601155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Rampulla DM, Francis AJ, Knight KS, Gellman AJ. Enantioselective Surface Chemistry ofR-2-bromobutane on Cu(643)R&Sand Cu(531)R&S. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:10411-20. [PMID: 16722747 DOI: 10.1021/jp060508+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective surface chemistry of chiral R-2-bromobutane was studied on the naturally chiral Cu(643)R&S and Cu(531)R&S surfaces by comparing relative product yields during temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy. Molecularly adsorbed R-2-bromobutane can desorb molecularly or debrominate to form R-2-butyl groups on the surfaces. The R-2-butyl groups react further by beta-hydride elimination to form 1- or 2-butene or by hydrogenation to form butane. Temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy was used to quantify the relative yields of the various reaction products. At low coverages of R-2-bromobutane on Cu(643)R&S and Cu(531)R&S, the surface chemistry is not enantioselective. At monolayer coverage, however, the product yields indicate that the R-2-bromobutane decomposition reaction rates are sensitive to the handedness of the two chiral surfaces. The impact of surface structure on enantioselectivity was examined by studying the chemistry of R-2-bromobutane on both Cu(643)R&S and Cu(531)R&S. The selectivity of R-2-bromobutane desorption versus debromination is enantiospecific and differs significantly from Cu(643) to Cu(531). The selectivity of the R-2-butyl reaction by beta-hydride elimination versus hydrogenation is only weakly enantiospecific and is similar on both the Cu(643) and Cu(531) surfaces. These results represent the first quantitative observations of enantioselectivity in reactions with well-known mechanisms probed using a simple adsorbate on naturally chiral metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Rampulla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Kahr B, Chittenden B, Rohl A. Robert Boyle's chiral crystal chemistry: Computational re-evaluation of enantioselective adsorption on quartz. Chirality 2006; 18:127-33. [PMID: 16385623 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While searching for early examples of interactions of organic chromophores with minerals in the context of a systematic study of the process of dyeing crystals, we came across Robert Boyle's description of an experiment that may have been evidence of the enantioselective adsorption of a natural product, carminic acid (7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid), to the chiral surfaces of alpha-quartz, three centuries before such interactions became the subject of active chemical investigations. In order to determine whether Boyle did indeed observe enantioselective adsorption--albeit unbeknownst to him--we attempted to dye quartz with carminic acid according to his recipe. Quartz adsorbs carminic acid only because on heating it develops a network of microfissures that adsorb dye. This process depends on capillarity, not on specific non-covalent interactions; there is no evidence of enantioselectivity adsorption to heated crystals or enantioselective epitaxy to unheated crystals. These failures changed the focus of our inquiry: Why have almost all attempts to demonstrate the enantioselective adsorption of additives to quartz crystal surfaces been generally confounding and equivocal? In order to answer this question, we complement our experimental historical re-investigation with contemporary computational techniques for modeling crystal surface structure and the adsorption of additives. Minimizations of the energies associated with the adsorption of carminic acid to relaxed, hydrated d- and l-quartz {10(-)0} surfaces are analyzed in light of quartz's abysmal record as an enantioselective stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98105-1700, USA.
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Puisto SR, Held G, Ranea V, Jenkins SJ, Mola EE, King DA. The Structure of the Chiral Pt{531} Surface: A Combined LEED and DFT Study. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:22456-62. [PMID: 16853925 DOI: 10.1021/jp053321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the chiral kinked Pt531 surface has been determined by low-energy electron diffraction intensity-versus-energy (LEED-IV) analysis and density functional theory (DFT). Large contractions and expansions of the vertical interlayer distances with respect to the bulk-terminated surface geometry were found for the first six layers (LEED: d12 = 0.44 A, d23 = 0.69 A, d34 = 0.49 A, d45 = 0.95 A, d56 = 0.56 A; DFT: d12 = 0.51 A, d23 = 0.55 A, d34 = 0.74 A, d45 = 0.78 A, d56 = 0.63 A; dbulk = 0.66 A). Energy-dependent cancellations of LEED spots over unusually large energy ranges, up to 100 eV, can be explained by surface roughness and reproduced by applying a model involving 0.25 ML of vacancies and adatoms in the scattering calculations. The agreement between the results from LEED and DFT is not as good as in other cases, which could be due to this roughness of the real surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Puisto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Puisto SR, Held G, King DA. Energy-dependent cancellation of diffraction spots due to surface roughening. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:036102. [PMID: 16090758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.036102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern of the step-kinked Pt{531} surface at 200 K shows energy-dependent cancellation of diffraction spots over unusually large energy ranges, up to 100 eV. This cannot be reproduced theoretically when a flat surface geometry is assumed. A relatively simple model of roughening, however, involving 0.25 ML of vacancies and adatoms leads to very good agreement with the experiment. The cancellation of intensities within a very narrow range of adatom or vacancy coverages is caused by the interference of electrons emerging from different heights but similar local environments. This is a rare example where the energy dependence of integrated LEED spot intensities is dramatically affected by the long-range arrangement of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Puisto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Held G, Jones LB, Seddon EA, King DA. Effect of Oxygen Adsorption on the Chiral Pt{531} Surface. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:6159-63. [PMID: 16851681 DOI: 10.1021/jp0450484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of oxygen on the chiral Pt{531} surface was studied by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HRXPS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). After the surface is annealed in oxygen (3 x 10(-7) mbar), three O 1s peaks are observed in XPS. One peak, at 529.5 eV, is assigned to chemisorbed oxygen; it disappears after annealing in vacuo to temperatures above 900 K. The other two peaks at 530.8 and 532.3 eV are stable up to at least 1250 K. They are associated with oxide clusters on the surface. These clusters readily react with coadsorbed carbon monoxide at temperatures between 315 and 620 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Held
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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