Carbon–carbon bond formation via homocoupling reaction of substrates with a broad diversity in water using Pd(OAc)2 and agarose hydrogel as a bioorganic ligand, support and reductant

Chemoenzymatic Hunsdiecker-Type Decarboxylative Bromination of Cinnamic Acids

In this contribution, we report chemoenzymatic bromodecarboxylation (Hunsdiecker-type) of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids. The extraordinarily robust chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO) generated hypobromite from H₂O₂ and bromide, which then spontaneously reacted with a broad range of unsaturated carboxylic acids and yielded the corresponding vinyl bromide products. Selectivity issues arising from the (here undesired) addition of water to the intermediate bromonium ion could be solved by reaction medium engineering. The vinyl bromides so obtained could be used as starting materials for a range of cross-coupling and pericyclic reactions.

Palladium/Sensory Component-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions of Aryl Halides

A novel and efficient catalyst system was developed for homocoupling reactions of aryl halides. The catalyst system consists of Pd(OAc)2 and the peppery sensory component of tobacco leaves. This is the first time that a sensory component has been used in an organic reaction. Experiments using the catalyst system showed that the reactions proceeded smoothly under air in the absence of both an additional ligand and a reductant. Furthermore, the catalyst system can be applied to the coupling reactions of hetaryl iodides. Many functional groups (including a hydroxy group) are tolerated.

An efficient mesoporous carbon nitride (g-C3N4) functionalized Pd catalyst for carbon–carbon bond formation reactions

Pd-nanoparticles on mesoporous nitrogen-rich carbon nitride (MCN) serves as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions.

An effective and environment-friendly system for Cu NPs@RGO-catalyzed C–C homocoupling of aryl halides or arylboronic acids in ionic liquids under microwave irradiation

Cu NPs@RGO can effectively catalyze Ullmann C–C homocoupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids under microwave irradiation in green solvent ionic liquid..

Ultra-deep desulfurization via reactive adsorption on peroxophosphomolybdate/agarose hybrids

A catalyst system composed of peroxophosphomolybdates as catalytic center and agarose as matrix material had been designed. The [C16H33N(CH3)3]3[PO4{MoO(O2)2}4]/agarose (C16PMo(O2)2/agarose) hybrid was found to be active for oxidation desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) or real fuel into corresponding sulfone by H2O2 as an oxidant, while the sulfur content could be reduced to 5ppm. The higher activity comes from its components including [PO4{MoO(O2)2}4] catalytic sites, the hydrophobic quaternary ammonium cation affinity to low polarity substrates, and agarose matrix affinity to H2O2 and sulfone. During the oxidative reaction, the mass transfer resistance between H2O2 and organic sulfurs could be decreased and the reaction rate could increase by the assistance of agarose and hydrophobic tails of [C16H33N(CH3)3]3[PO4{MoO(O2)2}4]. Meanwhile, the oxidative products could be adsorbed by agarose matrix to give clean fuel avoiding the post-treatment. In addition, the hybrid was easily regenerated to be reused.

Palladium nanoparticles supported on agarose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 as a recyclable catalyst for C–C bond formation via Suzuki–Miyaura, Heck–Mizoroki and Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reactions

Palladium nanoparticles supported on agarose functionalized Fe₃O₄ catalyzed C–C bond formation reactions.

Synthesis, characterization and microwave-promoted catalytic activity of novel N-phenylbenzimidazolium salts in Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions under mild conditions

A number of novel benzimidazolium salts having aryl substituents such as N-phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl and various alkyl substituents were synthesized. Their microwave-assisted catalytic activities were evaluated in Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions using a catalytic system consisting of Pd(OAc)₂/K₂CO₃ in DMF/H₂O under mild reaction conditions with consistent high yields, except those of 2-bromopyridine.