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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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Teixeira R, Lourenço NM. Enzymatic kinetic resolution of sec-alcohols using an ionic liquid anhydride as acylating agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Furukawa S, Hasegawa K, Fuke I, Kittaka K, Nakakoba T, Goto M, Kamiya N. Enzymatic synthesis of Z-aspartame in liquefied amino acid substrates. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Singh PK, Sujana J, Mora AK, Nath S. Probing the DNA–ionic liquid interaction using an ultrafast molecular rotor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tang S, Baker GA, Zhao H. Ether- and alcohol-functionalized task-specific ionic liquids: attractive properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4030-66. [PMID: 22456483 PMCID: PMC3341508 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the designer nature of ionic liquids (ILs) has driven their exploration and exploitation in countless fields among the physical and chemical sciences. A fair measure of the tremendous attention placed on these fluids has been attributed to their inherent designer nature. And yet, there are relatively few examples of reviews that emphasize this vital aspect in an exhaustive or meaningful way. In this critical review, we systematically survey the physicochemical properties of the collective library of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs, highlighting the impact of ionic structure on features such as viscosity, phase behavior/transitions, density, thermostability, electrochemical properties, and polarity (e.g. hydrophilicity, hydrogen bonding capability). In the latter portions of this review, we emphasize the attractive applications of these functionalized ILs across a range of disciplines, including their use as electrolytes or functional fluids for electrochemistry, extractions, biphasic systems, gas separations, carbon capture, carbohydrate dissolution (particularly, the (ligno)celluloses), polymer chemistry, antimicrobial and antielectrostatic agents, organic synthesis, biomolecular stabilization and activation, and nanoscience. Finally, this review discusses anion-functionalized ILs, including sulfur- and oxygen-functionalized analogs, as well as choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), an emerging class of fluids which can be sensibly categorized as semi-molecular cousins to the IL. Finally, the toxicity and biodegradability of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs are discussed and cautiously evaluated in light of recent reports. By carefully summarizing literature examples on the properties and applications of oxy-functional designer ILs up till now, it is our intent that this review offers a barometer for gauging future advances in the field as well as a trigger to spur further contemplation of these seemingly inexhaustible and--relative to their potential--virtually untouched fluids. It is abundantly clear that these remarkable fluidic materials are here to stay, just as certain design rules are slowly beginning to emerge. However, in fairness, serendipity also still plays an undeniable role, highlighting the need for both expanded in silico studies and a beacon to attract bright, young researchers to the field (406 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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Song XL, Ye SY, Xie R, Yin L, Shi X, Luo SC. Effects of bmim[PF6] treatments with different concentrations on microbial activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-011-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Domínguez de María P, Maugeri Z. Ionic liquids in biotransformations: from proof-of-concept to emerging deep-eutectic-solvents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2011; 15:220-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lourenço NMT, Monteiro CM, Afonso CAM. Ionic Acylating Agents for the Enzymatic Resolution of sec-Alcohols in Ionic Liquids. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hara P, Mikkola JP, Murzin DY, Kanerva LT. Supported ionic liquids in Burkholderia cepacia lipase-catalyzed asymmetric acylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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YANG GS, QI YD, OU ZM, YAO SJ. Enzymological Characteristics of Catalytic Antibody-catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrolysis of Ibuprofen Ester in Water-in-oil Microemulsion*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2008.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Molnár P, Bombicz P, Varga C, Bereczki L, Székely E, Pokol G, Fogassy E, Simándi B. Influence of benzylamine on the resolution of ibuprofen with (+)-(R)-phenylethylamine via supercritical fluid extraction. Chirality 2009; 21:628-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Payagala T, Zhang Y, Wanigasekara E, Huang K, Breitbach ZS, Sharma PS, Sidisky LM, Armstrong DW. Trigonal tricationic ionic liquids: a generation of gas chromatographic stationary phases. Anal Chem 2009; 81:160-73. [PMID: 19067539 DOI: 10.1021/ac8016949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trigonal tricationic ionic liquids (ILs) are a new class of ILs that appear to be unique when used as gas chromatographic stationary phases. They consist of four core structures; (1) A = mesitylene core, (2) B = benzene core, (3) C = triethylamine core, and (4) D = tri(2-hexanamido)ethylamine core; to which three identical imidazolium or phosphonium cationic moieties were attached. These were coated on fused silica capillaries, and their gas chromatographic properties were evaluated. They were characterized using a linear solvation parameter model and a number of test mixtures. On the basis of the literature, it is known that both monocationic and dicationic ILs possess almost identical polarities, solvation characteristics, and chromatographic selectivities. However, some of the trigonal tricationic ILs were quite different. The different solvation parameters and higher apparent polarities appear to generate from the more rigid trigonal geometry of these ILs, as well as their ability to retain the positive charges in relatively close proximity to one another in some cases. Their unique selectivities, retention behaviors, and separation efficiencies were demonstrated using the Grob mixture, a flavor and fragrance test mixture, alcohols/alkanes test, and FAME isomer separations. Two ILs C1 (methylimidazolium substitution) and C4 (2-hydroxyethylimidazolium substitution) had higher apparent polarities than any know IL (mono, di, and tricationic ILs) or commercial stationary phases. The tri(2-hexanamido)ethylamine core IL series proved to be very interesting in that it not only showed the highest separation efficiency for all test mixtures, but it also is the first IL stationary phase (containing NTf(2)(-) anions) that eliminates peak tailing for alcohols and other H-bonding analytes. The thermal stabilities were investigated using three methods: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method, temperature programmed gas chromatographic method (TPGC), and isothermal gas chromatographic method. The D core series had a high working temperature range, exceptional selectivities, and higher separation efficiencies than comparable polarity commercial columns. It appears that this specific type of multifunctional ILs may have the most promising future as a new generation of gas chromatographic stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharanga Payagala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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Domínguez de María P. "Nonsolvent" applications of ionic liquids in biotransformations and organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6960-8. [PMID: 18651677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The application of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as (co)solvents and/or reagents is well documented. However, RTILS also have "nonsolvent" applications in biotransformations and organocatalysis. Examples are the anchoring of substrates to RTILs; ionic-liquid-coated enzymes (ILCE) and enzyme-IL colyophilization; the construction of biocatalytic ternary reaction systems; the combination of enzymes, RTILs, membranes, and (bio)electrochemistry; and ionic-liquid-supported organocatalysts. These strategies provide more robust, more efficient, and more enantioselective bio- and organocatalysts with many practical applications. As shown herein, RTILs offer a wide range of promising alternatives to conventional chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domínguez de María
- AkzoNobel BV, Chemicals Process and Product Technology Department, Velperweg 76, P.O. Box 9300, 6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands.
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Domínguez de María P. “Nonsolvens”-Anwendungen von ionischen Flüssigkeiten bei Biotransformationen und in der Organokatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW. Characterization of phosphonium ionic liquids through a linear solvation energy relationship and their use as GLC stationary phases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1605-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lourenço N, Afonso C. One-Pot Enzymatic Resolution and Separation ofsec-Alcohols Based on Ionic Acylating Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lourenço NMT, Afonso CAM. One-Pot Enzymatic Resolution and Separation ofsec-Alcohols Based on Ionic Acylating Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8178-81. [PMID: 17886817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M T Lourenço
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Huang K, Han X, Zhang X, Armstrong DW. PEG-linked geminal dicationic ionic liquids as selective, high-stability gas chromatographic stationary phases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:2265-75. [PMID: 17899023 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have wide applicability in many scientific and technological fields. In this work, a series of three new dicationic room-temperature ionic liquids functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkages were synthesized and characterized via a linear solvation model. The application of these ILs as new GC stationary phases was studied. The efficient separation of several mixtures containing compounds of different polarities and 24 components of a flavor and fragrance mixture indicated comparable or higher resolving power for the new IL stationary phases compared to the commercial polysiloxane and poly(ethylene glycol)-based stationary phases. In addition, the selectivities of the IL stationary phases could be quite unique. The separation of a homologous alkane and alcohol mixture displayed the "dual nature" of these ionic liquids as GC stationary phases. The thermal stability study showed the column robustness up to 350 degrees C. The high separation power, unique selectivity, high efficiency and high thermal stability of the new dicationic ionic liquids indicate that they may be applicable as a new type of robust GC stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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