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Šuchová K, Fehér C, Ravn JL, Bedő S, Biely P, Geijer C. Cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts: Enzymes, applications and biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Procópio DP, Kendrick E, Goldbeck R, Damasio ARDL, Franco TT, Leak DJ, Jin YS, Basso TO. Xylo-Oligosaccharide Utilization by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Produce Ethanol. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:825981. [PMID: 35242749 PMCID: PMC8886126 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.825981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineering of xylo-oligosaccharide-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is a promising approach for more effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and the development of economic industrial fermentation processes. Extending the sugar consumption range without catabolite repression by including the metabolism of oligomers instead of only monomers would significantly improve second-generation ethanol production This review focuses on different aspects of the action mechanisms of xylan-degrading enzymes from bacteria and fungi, and their insertion in S. cerevisiae strains to obtain microbial cell factories able of consume these complex sugars and convert them to ethanol. Emphasis is given to different strategies for ethanol production from both extracellular and intracellular xylo-oligosaccharide utilization by S. cerevisiae strains. The suitability of S. cerevisiae for ethanol production combined with its genetic tractability indicates that it can play an important role in xylan bioconversion through the heterologous expression of xylanases from other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dielle Pierotti Procópio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Kendrick
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Telma Teixeira Franco
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David J. Leak
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Thiago Olitta Basso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yeast GH30 Xylanase from Sugiyamaella lignohabitans Is a Glucuronoxylanase with Auxiliary Xylobiohydrolase Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030751. [PMID: 35164030 PMCID: PMC8840591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are the enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of the main hemicellulose present in plant cell walls. They have attracted attention due to their biotechnological potential for the preparation of industrially interesting products from lignocellulose. While many xylanases have been characterized from bacteria and filamentous fungi, information on yeast xylanases is scarce and no yeast xylanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 has been described so far. Here, we cloned, expressed and characterized GH30 xylanase SlXyn30A from the yeast Sugiyamaella lignohabitans. The enzyme is active on glucuronoxylan (8.4 U/mg) and rhodymenan (linear β-1,4-1,3-xylan) (3.1 U/mg) while its activity on arabinoxylan is very low (0.03 U/mg). From glucuronoxylan SlXyn30A releases a series of acidic xylooligosaccharides of general formula MeGlcA2Xyln. These products, which are typical for GH30-specific glucuronoxylanases, are subsequently shortened at the non-reducing end, from which xylobiose moieties are liberated. Xylobiohydrolase activity was also observed during the hydrolysis of various xylooligosaccharides. SlXyn30A thus expands the group of glucuronoxylanases/xylobiohydrolases which has been hitherto represented only by several fungal GH30-7 members.
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Amadi OC, Egong EJ, Nwagu TN, Okpala G, Onwosi CO, Chukwu GC, Okolo BN, Agu RC, Moneke AN. Process optimization for simultaneous production of cellulase, xylanase and ligninase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCPW 17 under solid state fermentation using Box-Behnken experimental design. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04566. [PMID: 32775729 PMCID: PMC7394870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multienzyme complex has attracted increased attention in biofuel technology. They offer solutions to effective degradation of complex plant material into fermentable sugars. Microorganisms, especially bacteria and fungi, are well studied for their ability to produce enzymes complex unlike yeast. Yeast strain isolated from mushroom farm was studied for simultaneous production of cellulase, xylanase and ligninase enzymes using lignocellulose waste as substrates. A response surface methodology (RSM) involving Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate interaction between variables (moisture content, inoculum size, initial pH, incubation time) that affect enzyme production. Crude filtrate was partially purified and characterised. Yeast strain identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCPW 17 was finally studied. Evaluation of lignocellulose waste for enzyme complex production revealed corn cob to be most effective substrate for cellulase, xylanase and ligninase production with enzyme activity of 17.63 ± 1.45 U/gds, 29.35 ± 1.67 U/gds and 150.75 ± 2.01 μmol/min respectively. Time course study showed maximum enzyme complex production was obtained by day 6 with cellulase activity of 12.5 U/gds, xylanase 48.3 U/gds and ligninase 90.8 μmol/min. Using RSM involving BBD, maximum enzyme activity was found to be 19.51 ± 0.32 U/gds, 56.86 ± 0.38 U/gds, 408.17 ± 1.04 μmol/min for cellulaase, xylanase and ligninase respectively. The developed models were highly significant at probability level of P = 0.0001 and multiple correlation co-efficient (R2) was 0.9563 for cellulase, 0.9532 for xylanase and 0.9780 for ligninase. Enzyme complex was stable at varying pH and temperature conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SCPW 17) studied produced enzyme complex which can be used for bioconversion of biomass to value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyetugo C Amadi
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Egong J Egong
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu N Nwagu
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Gloria Okpala
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Greg C Chukwu
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew N Okolo
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Reginald C Agu
- Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anene N Moneke
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Dey P, Roy A. Molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of fungal family G acidophilic xylanases. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:78. [PMID: 29430342 PMCID: PMC5799109 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial applications of xylanases have made this enzyme an important subject of applied research work. Function of this particular enzyme is to degrade or hydrolyze the plentiful polysaccharide xylan, an important component of hemicellulose. It mainly cleaves the backbone of xylan that is made up of a number of xylose residues connected with β-1,4-glycosidic linkages. Fungi with mycelia are regarded as the best producer of xylanases. These varied xylanases not only differ in their sizes and shapes but also differ in their physicochemical properties. Depending on the optimum pH in which they work best, they have been classified into (1) acidophilic xylanases active at low pH or acidic pH range, (2) alkaliphilic xylanases that are active at high or alkaline pH range and (3) neutral xylanases having pH optima in the neutral range between pH 5 and 7. Other researchers have classified the xylanases also on the basis of their structural properties, kinetic parameters, etc. This review discusses the molecular structures of some acidophilic xylanases and the molecular basis of low pH optima observed for their activities. It also discusses their unique catalytic mechanism and actual role of the catalytic residues found in them. Apart from these, the review also discusses different applications of these acidophilic xylanases in different industries. The article concludes with brief suggestions about how these acidophilic xylanases can be created employing the techniques of genetic engineering and concepts of synthetic evolution, using the traits of the known acidophilic xylanases discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protyusha Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235 West Bengal India
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235 West Bengal India
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Kuancha C, Sukklang S, Detvisitsakun C, Chanton S, Apiraksakorn J. Fermentable sugars production from lignocellulosic materials hydrolysis by thermophilic enzymes from Bacillus subtilis J12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ali SS, Wu J, Xie R, Zhou F, Sun J, Huang M. Screening and characterizing of xylanolytic and xylose-fermenting yeasts isolated from the wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181141. [PMID: 28704553 PMCID: PMC5509302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective fermentation of xylose remains an intractable challenge in bioethanol industry. The relevant xylanase enzyme is also in a high demand from industry for several biotechnological applications that inevitably in recent times led to many efforts for screening some novel microorganisms for better xylanase production and fermentation performance. Recently, it seems that wood-feeding termites can truly be considered as highly efficient natural bioreactors. The highly specialized gut systems of such insects are not yet fully realized, particularly, in xylose fermentation and xylanase production to advance industrial bioethanol technology as well as industrial applications of xylanases. A total of 92 strains from 18 yeast species were successfully isolated and identified from the gut of wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis. Of these yeasts and strains, seven were identified for new species: Candida gotoi, Candida pseudorhagii, Hamamotoa lignophila, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Sugiyamaella sp.1, Sugiyamaella sp. 2, and Sugiyamaella sp.3. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, the type strain of C. pseudorhagii sp. nov., which was originally designated strain SSA-1542T, was the most frequently occurred yeast from termite gut samples, showed the highly xylanolytic activity as well as D-xylose fermentation. The highest xylanase activity was recorded as 1.73 and 0.98 U/mL with xylan or D-xylose substrate, respectively, from SSA-1542T. Among xylanase-producing yeasts, four novel species were identified as D-xylose-fermenting yeasts, where the yeast, C. pseudorhagii SSA-1542T, showed the highest ethanol yield (0.31 g/g), ethanol productivity (0.31 g/L·h), and its fermentation efficiency (60.7%) in 48 h. Clearly, the symbiotic yeasts isolated from termite guts have demonstrated a competitive capability to produce xylanase and ferment xylose, suggesting that the wood-feeding termite gut is a promising reservoir for novel xylanases-producing and xylose-fermenting yeasts that are potentially valued for biorefinery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Samir Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Jian Wu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Miao Huang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Gomes E, de Souza AR, Orjuela GL, Da Silva R, de Oliveira TB, Rodrigues A. Applications and Benefits of Thermophilic Microorganisms and Their Enzymes for Industrial Biotechnology. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu L, Li R, Luo X, Zhang X, Tong J. Earthworms modify microbial community structure and accelerate maize stover decomposition during vermicomposting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17161-17170. [PMID: 26139410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, maize stover was vermicomposted with the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. The results showed that, during vermicomposting process, the earthworms promoted decomposition of maize stover. Analysis of microbial communities of the vermicompost by high-throughput pyrosequencing showed more complex bacterial community structure in the substrate treated by the earthworms than that in the control group. The dominant microbial genera in the treatment with the earthworms were Pseudoxanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Cryptococcus, Guehomyces, and Mucor. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of lignocellulose degradation microorganisms increased. The results indicated that the earthworms modified the structure of microbial communities during vermicomposting process, activated the growth of lignocellulose degradation microorganisms, and triggered the lignocellulose decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Engineering (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xiaopei Luo
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Jin Tong
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Engineering (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130025, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Production Capacity Improvement in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Tong J. Changes in fibrolytic enzyme activity during vermicomposting of maize stover by an anecic earthworm Amynthas hupeiensis. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shanthi V, Roymon MG. Response surface optimization of xylanase production by indigenous thermoalkalophillic Bacillus sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Otero DM, Cadaval CL, Teixeira LM, Rosa CA, Sanzo AVL, Kalil SJ. Screening of yeasts capable of producing cellulase-free xylanase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Nutaratat P, Srisuk N, Arunrattiyakorn P, Limtong S. Plant growth-promoting traits of epiphytic and endophytic yeasts isolated from rice and sugar cane leaves in Thailand. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:683-94. [PMID: 25110131 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1035 yeast isolates, obtained from rice and sugar cane leaves, were screened primarily for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Thirteen isolates were selected, due to their IAA production ranging from 1.2 to 29.3 mg g(-)(1) DCW. These isolates were investigated for their capabilities of calcium phosphate and ZnO(3) solubilisation, and also for production of NH(3), polyamine, and siderophore. Their 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, catalase and fungal cell wall-degrading enzyme activities were assessed. Their antagonism against rice fungal pathogens was also evaluated. Strain identification, based on molecular taxonomy, of the thirteen yeast isolates revealed that four yeast species - i.e. Hannaella sinensis (DMKU-RP45), Cryptococcus flavus (DMKU-RE12, DMKU-RE19, DMKU-RE67, and DMKU-RP128), Rhodosporidium paludigenum (DMKU-RP301) and Torulaspora globosa (DMKU-RP31) - were capable of high IAA production. Catalase activity was detected in all yeast strains tested. The yeast R. paludigenum DMKU-RP301 was the best IAA producer, yielding 29.3 mg g(-)(1) DCW, and showed the ability to produce NH3 and siderophore. Different levels of IAA production (7.2-9.7 mg g(-)(1) DCW) were found in four strains of C. flavus DMKU-RE12, DMKU-RE19, and DMKU-RE67, which are rice leaf endophytes, and strain DMKU-RP128, which is a rice leaf epiphyte. NH(3) production and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity was also detected in these four strains. Antagonism to fungal plant pathogens and production of antifungal volatile compounds were exhibited in T. globosa DMKU-RP31, as well as a moderate level of IAA production (4.9 mg g(-)(1) DCW). The overall results indicated that T. globosa DMKU-RP31 might be used in two ways: enhancing plant growth and acting as a biocontrol agent. In addition, four C. flavus were also found to be strains of interest for optimal IAA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumin Nutaratat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nantana Srisuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Panarat Arunrattiyakorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Savitree Limtong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Lara CA, Santos RO, Cadete RM, Ferreira C, Marques S, Gírio F, Oliveira ES, Rosa CA, Fonseca C. Identification and characterisation of xylanolytic yeasts isolated from decaying wood and sugarcane bagasse in Brazil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 105:1107-19. [PMID: 24748334 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, yeasts associated with lignocellulosic materials in Brazil, including decaying wood and sugarcane bagasse, were isolated, and their ability to produce xylanolytic enzymes was investigated. A total of 358 yeast isolates were obtained, with 198 strains isolated from decaying wood and 160 strains isolated from decaying sugarcane bagasse samples. Seventy-five isolates possessed xylanase activity in solid medium and were identified as belonging to nine species: Candida intermedia, C. tropicalis, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Scheffersomyces shehatae, Sugiyamaella smithiae, Cryptococcus diffluens, Cr. heveanensis, Cr. laurentii and Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans. Twenty-one isolates were further screened for total xylanase activity in liquid medium with xylan, and five xylanolytic yeasts were selected for further characterization, which included quantitative analysis of growth in xylan and xylose and xylanase and β-D-xylosidase activities. The yeasts showing the highest growth rate and cell density in xylan, Cr. laurentii UFMG-HB-48, Su. smithiae UFMG-HM-80.1 and Sc. shehatae UFMG-HM-9.1a, were, simultaneously, those exhibiting higher xylanase activity. Xylan induced the highest level of (extracellular) xylanase activity in Cr. laurentii UFMG-HB-48 and the highest level of (intracellular, extracellular and membrane-associated) β-D-xylosidase activity in Su. smithiae UFMG-HM-80.1. Also, significant β-D-xylosidase levels were detected in xylan-induced cultures of Cr. laurentii UFMG-HB-48 and Sc. shehatae UFMG-HM-9.1a, mainly in extracellular and intracellular spaces, respectively. Under xylose induction, Cr. laurentii UFMG-HB-48 showed the highest intracellular β-D-xylosidase activity among all the yeast tested. C. tropicalis UFMG-HB 93a showed its higher (intracellular) β-D-xylosidase activity under xylose induction and higher at 30 °C than at 50 °C. This study revealed different xylanolytic abilities and strategies in yeasts to metabolise xylan and/or its hydrolysis products (xylo-oligosaccharides and xylose). Xylanolytic yeasts are able to secrete xylanolytic enzymes mainly when induced by xylan and present different strategies (intra- and/or extracellular hydrolysis) for the metabolism of xylo-oligosaccharides. Some of the unique xylanolytic traits identified here should be further explored for their applicability in specific biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Lara
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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Bankeeree W, Lotrakul P, Prasongsuk S, Chaiareekij S, Eveleigh DE, Kim SW, Punnapayak H. Effect of polyols on thermostability of xylanase from a tropical isolate of Aureobasidium pullulans and its application in prebleaching of rice straw pulp. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:37. [PMID: 24478945 PMCID: PMC3901851 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to find a thermostable xylanase enzyme for potential application in the pretreatment prior to H2O2 bleaching of paper pulp for industry, an extracellular xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684 was purified 17.3-fold to apparent homogeneity with a recovery yield of 13.7%. Its molecular mass was approximately 72 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and temperature for activity of the purified enzyme were pH 6.0 and 70°C, respectively. The enzyme was relatively stable at 50°C, retaining more than half of its original activity after 3-h incubation. The thermostability of the enzyme was improved by the addition of 0.75 mM sorbitol prolonging the enzyme's activity up to 10-fold at 70°C. When the potential of using the enzyme in pretreatment of rice straw pulp prior to bleaching was evaluated, the greatest efficiency was obtained in a mixture containing xylanase and sorbitol. Treatment of the rice straw pulp with xylanase prior to treatment with 10% (v/v) H2O2 and production of hand sheets increased the ISO sheet brightness by 13.5% and increased the tensile and tear strengths of the pulp by up to 1.16 and 1.71-fold, respectively, compared with pulps treated with H2O2 alone. The results suggested the potential application of the enzyme before the bleaching process of paper pulp when the maintenance of high temperature and enzyme stability are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichanee Bankeeree
- Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Pongtharin Lotrakul
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Somporn Chaiareekij
- Department of Imaging and Printing Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Douglas E Eveleigh
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Rutgers, NJ 08901-8525 USA
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hunsa Punnapayak
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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16
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A Highly Thermostable Xylanase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Purification and Partial Characterization. Enzyme Res 2013; 2013:429305. [PMID: 24416589 PMCID: PMC3876469 DOI: 10.1155/2013/429305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven xylanolytic bacterial strains were isolated from saw-dust dump soil. The bacterial strain X6 was selected on the basis of the highest xylanase activity with no cellulase contamination. It was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Xylanase production studies by S. maltophilia on different commercial xylans and agro-industrial residues suggested that wheat bran was the best carbon source for xylanase production (26.4 ± 0.6 IU/mL). The studies with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources suggested yeast extract as the best support for xylanase production (25 ± 0.6 IU/mL). Maximum xylanase production was observed at initial medium pH = 8.0 (23.8 ± 0.4 IU/mL) with production at pH = 7.0 and pH = 9.0 being almost comparable. Xylanase produced by S. maltophilia was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. The final purification was 5.43-fold with recovery of 19.18%. The molecular weight of the purified xylanase protein was ~142 kDa. Both crude and purified xylanase had good stability at pH = 9.0 and 80°C with activity retention greater than 90% after 30 min incubation. The enzyme stability at high temperature and alkaline pH make it potentially effective for industrial applications.
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17
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Benoliel B, Torres FAG, de Moraes LMP. A novel promising Trichoderma harzianum strain for the production of a cellulolytic complex using sugarcane bagasse in natura. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:656. [PMID: 24349958 PMCID: PMC3862859 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is a major producer of agro-industrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, which could be used as raw material for microbial production of cellulases as an important strategy for the development of sustainable processes of second generation ethanol production. For this purpose, this work aimed at screening for glycosyl hydrolase activities of fungal strains isolated from the Brazilian Cerrado. Among 13 isolates, a Trichoderma harzianum strain (L04) was identified as a promising candidate for cellulase production when cultured on in natura sugarcane bagasse. Strain L04 revealed a well-balanced cellulolytic complex, presenting fast kinetic production of endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases, achieving 4,022, U.L-1 (72 h), 1,228 U.L-1 (120 h) and 1,968 U.L-1 (48 h) as the highest activities, respectively. About 60% glucose yields were obtained from sugarcane bagasse after 18 hours hydrolysis. This new strain represents a potential candidate for on-site enzyme production using sugarcane bagasse as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Benoliel
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Araripe Gonçalves Torres
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lidia Maria Pepe de Moraes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil ; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900 Brazil
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18
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Guo N, Zheng J, Wu LS, Tian J, Zhou HB. Engineered bifunctional enzymes of endo-1,4-β-xylanase/endo-1,4-β-mannanase were constructed for synergistically hydrolyzing hemicellulose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Morais CG, Cadete RM, Uetanabaro APT, Rosa LH, Lachance MA, Rosa CA. D-xylose-fermenting and xylanase-producing yeast species from rotting wood of two Atlantic Rainforest habitats in Brazil. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 60:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Paës G, Berrin JG, Beaugrand J. GH11 xylanases: Structure/function/properties relationships and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:564-92. [PMID: 22067746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
For technical, environmental and economical reasons, industrial demands for process-fitted enzymes have evolved drastically in the last decade. Therefore, continuous efforts are made in order to get insights into enzyme structure/function relationships to create improved biocatalysts. Xylanases are hemicellulolytic enzymes, which are responsible for the degradation of the heteroxylans constituting the lignocellulosic plant cell wall. Due to their variety, xylanases have been classified in glycoside hydrolase families GH5, GH8, GH10, GH11, GH30 and GH43 in the CAZy database. In this review, we focus on GH11 family, which is one of the best characterized GH families with bacterial and fungal members considered as true xylanases compared to the other families because of their high substrate specificity. Based on an exhaustive analysis of the sequences and 3D structures available so far, in relation with biochemical properties, we assess biochemical aspects of GH11 xylanases: structure, catalytic machinery, focus on their "thumb" loop of major importance in catalytic efficiency and substrate selectivity, inhibition, stability to pH and temperature. GH11 xylanases have for a long time been used as biotechnological tools in various industrial applications and represent in addition promising candidates for future other uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Paës
- INRA, UMR614 FARE, 2 esplanade Roland-Garros, F-51686 Reims, France.
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21
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Wang Y, Wang X, Tang R, Yu S, Zheng B, Feng Y. A novel thermostable cellulase from Fervidobacterium nodosum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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23
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Molecular cloning of fungal xylanases: an overview. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:19-35. [PMID: 19568746 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases have received great attention in the development of environment-friendly technologies in the paper and pulp industry. Their use could greatly improve the overall lignocellulosic materials for the generation of liquid fuels and chemicals. Fungi are widely used as xylanase producers and are generally considered as more potent producers of xylanases than bacteria and yeasts. Large-scale production of xylanases is facilitated with the advent of genetic engineering. Recent breakthroughs in genomics have helped to overcome the problems such as limited enzyme availability, substrate scope, and operational stability. Genes encoding xylanases have been cloned in homologous and heterologous hosts with the objectives of overproducing the enzyme and altering its properties to suit commercial applications. Owing to the industrial importance of xylanases, a significant number of studies are reported on cloning and expression of the enzymes during the last few years. We, therefore, have reviewed recent knowledge regarding cloning of fungal xylanase genes into various hosts for heterologous production. This will bring an insight into the current status of cloning and expression of the fungal xylanases for industrial applications.
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