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Santos GS, Artal MC, Paniago MDG, Cione APP, Casallanovo F, Farrelly E, Kragten S, Maul JD. Use of dry bean fields by birds and mammals in Brazil: Insights from a field study and its use in pesticide risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024; 20:864-874. [PMID: 37671634 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between agriculture and wildlife can be both synergetic and challenging, as the increased surface of agricultural land makes it increasingly important for agriculture and wildlife to coexist. This study aims to describe the use of freshly drilled dry bean fields by birds and mammals in Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest sites and their diversity and abundance within in-crop and off-crop areas (with native permanent vegetation and other surrounding crop fields) at four different farms. A comprehensive survey was conducted, using various sampling methods, including point counts, foraging counts, trail cameras, and occasional encounters. In all, contacts for 12 518 birds across 306 species and 313 mammals across 34 species were registered. The off-crop areas exhibited greater species richness, abundance, and diversity than the in-crop areas on all farms. For birds, 47 species were recorded in-crop, of which 15 were classified as insectivores, 15 as granivores, seven as omnivores, seven as carnivores, and three as frugivores. The number of in-crop observations per species was small. The abundance off-crop was greater for 31 species observed in-crop, indicating that dry bean fields are probably not a preferred habitat for those species. Species classified as granivorous are most likely to feed on dry bean seeds. However, almost all granivorous species observed in-crop areas are too small to be able to feed on dry bean seeds. For mammals, nine species were recorded in-crop, of which four were classified as carnivores, three as omnivores, one as insectivore, and one as granivore. Additionally, despite the considerable effort in this study, no evidence was found that birds and mammals feed on dry bean seeds. The results highlight the importance of off-crop areas in dry bean fields, characterized by a more diverse and abundant bird community than in-crop. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:864-874. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Maul
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Fernandes Almeida R, Ferreira Moreno I, Paula Oliveira Machado A, Angela A Meireles M, Karla Figueira da Silva L, Augusto Caldas Batista E. Araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.): A critical review for the food industry. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114241. [PMID: 38609221 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This review aimed to critically and comparatively analyze the physicochemical, proximate, nutritional, phytochemical composition, and bioactivities of araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) (AAc), a fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado. Additionally, the potential applications of this fruit in the food industry were reviewed. Data and information were collected from the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. AAc, a fruit mainly studied in the Brazilian regions of Minas Gerais and Goiás, has well-documented physicochemical, proximate, and nutritional characteristics. It is rich in fiber, sugars, vitamins A and C, minerals, and oil, making it attractive to the food industry. However, there are research gaps, such as the impact of climatic conditions on the AAc chemical composition. Additional studies are needed, especially for the peel and seeds, and investigations of pre-treatments effect on the chemical composition are recommended. The application of AAc in food products is mainly limited to pulp, but there is potential for using peels and seeds. AAc is a rich source of phytochemical compounds with various biological properties, such as antioxidants, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial activities. Future studies should explore other phytochemicals present in the fruit beyond phenolic compounds. The consumption of AAc can contribute to combating food insecurity malnutrition, and promoting the conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandes Almeida
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ferreira Moreno
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Oliveira Machado
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, 47808-006 Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela A Meireles
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Karla Figueira da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, 47808-006 Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Augusto Caldas Batista
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Aguiar LMS, Diniz UM, Bueno‐Rocha ID, Filomeno LRA, Aguiar‐Machado LS, Gomes PA, Togni PHB. Untangling biodiversity interactions: A meta network on pollination in Earth's most diverse tropical savanna. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11094. [PMID: 38476698 PMCID: PMC10928258 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollination is vital for ecosystem functioning, especially in biodiversity-rich regions like the Brazilian Cerrado. Our research establishes a comprehensive meta network of pollinator-plant interactions within this biome. We quantified the importance of different pollinator groups, identifying keystone species. We examined potential biases in sampling effort and the spatial behavior of interactions within the heterogeneous Cerrado plant physiognomies. Our investigation uncovered 1499 interactions among 293 plant species and 386 visitor species, with legitimate pollination accounting for 42.4% of the interactions. The network exhibited modularity, driven by bees and insects, with vertebrates bridging diurnal and nocturnal modules. While a generalized pattern emerged, high specialization existed within modules due to habitat diversity. Bees, particularly Apis mellifera (exotic) and Trigona spinipes (native), played central roles as network hubs. Hummingbirds and bats, engaged in specialized interactions showing strong connectivity within and between modules. Interestingly, invertebrate-vertebrate modules were more prevalent than expected in the meta network. However, a bias was evident, primarily within specific biogeographical districts with fragmented landscapes and intrusion from other biomes. Variations in plant species and endemism rates influenced pollinator occurrence and the Cerrado network topology. Our study offers valuable insights into pollinator-plant interactions within the Cerrado, encompassing both invertebrates and vertebrates. The modeled network represents a significant step in understanding the structural complexity of pollination networks, integrating partial networks from diverse pollination systems within heterogeneous habitats. Nevertheless, a biogeographical bias could limit a comprehensive understanding of network functionality across the Cerrado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | - Ugo M. Diniz
- Chair of Plant‐Insect Interactions, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Igor D. Bueno‐Rocha
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | - Laura R. A. Filomeno
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | - Luísa S. Aguiar‐Machado
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | - Priscilla A. Gomes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | - Pedro H. B. Togni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
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Campos DP, Granger-Neto HP, Júnior JES, Faux P, Santos FR. Population Genomics of the Critically Endangered Brazilian Merganser. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3759. [PMID: 38136797 PMCID: PMC10741106 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian merganser (Mergus octosetaceus) is one of the most endangered bird species in South America and comprises less than 250 mature individuals in wild environments. This is a species extremely sensitive to environmental disturbances and restricted to a few "pristine" freshwater habitats in Brazil, and it has been classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1994. Thus, biological conservation studies are vital to promote adequate management strategies and to avoid the decline of merganser populations. In this context, to understand the evolutionary dynamics and the current genetic diversity of remaining Brazilian merganser populations, we used the "Genotyping by Sequencing" approach to genotype 923 SNPs in 30 individuals from all known areas of occurrence. These populations revealed a low genetic diversity and high inbreeding levels, likely due to the recent population decline associated with habitat loss. Furthermore, it showed a moderate level of genetic differentiation between all populations located in four separated areas of the highly threatened Cerrado biome. The results indicate that urgent actions for the conservation of the species should be accompanied by careful genetic monitoring to allow appropriate in situ and ex situ management to increase the long-term species' survival in its natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davidson P. Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.P.C.); (H.P.G.-N.); (J.E.S.J.)
| | - Henry Paul Granger-Neto
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.P.C.); (H.P.G.-N.); (J.E.S.J.)
| | - José E. Santos Júnior
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.P.C.); (H.P.G.-N.); (J.E.S.J.)
| | - Pierre Faux
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Fabrício R. Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.P.C.); (H.P.G.-N.); (J.E.S.J.)
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Lima JS, Collevatti RG, de Oliveira LK, Chaves LJ, Naves RV, Soares TN, Filho JAFD, de Campos Telles MP. Forecasting effects of climate changes on the population genetic structure of Anacardium occidentale in the Cerrado biome, Brazil. Genetica 2023; 151:357-367. [PMID: 37922114 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been a continuous interest in understanding the patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations because of the role of intraspecific genetic diversity as the basis of all evolutionary change and thus, its potential effects on population persistence when facing environmental changes. Here, we provided the first description of genetic diversity distribution and population structure of Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew) from the Brazilian Cerrado, one of the most economically important tropical crops in the world. We applied Bayesian clustering approaches (STRUCTURE and POPS) that allow predicting the effects of future climatic changes on the population genetic structure of A. occidentale. We identified distinct genetic groups corresponding to the southwestern, central, and northern regions of the species' range. The characterized genetic clusters will disappear under future climate change scenarios, leading to a homogenization of genetic variability across the landscape. Our findings suggest a high likelihood for the loss of genetic diversity, which in turn will reduce the evolutionary potential of the species to cope with predicted future climatic changes. Results from this study may help develop management strategies to conserve the genetic diversity and structure of natural cashew populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosane Garcia Collevatti
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thannya Nascimento Soares
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Pires de Campos Telles
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Escola de Ciências Médicas E da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Correa CMA, da Silva KC, de Oliveira PLM, Salomão RP. The conversion of native savannah into pasturelands does not affect exclusively species diversity: Effects on physiological condition of a highly abundant dung beetle species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10752. [PMID: 38020699 PMCID: PMC10659944 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dung beetles are efficient indicators to obtain responses regarding the effects of land use change on biodiversity. Although the biological consequences of Cerrado conversion into pasture have been observed at the assemblage scale, there are no cues regarding the effects of tropical savanna conversion into pasture on physiological condition of dung beetle individuals. In this study, we evaluated whether native and non-native habitats in Cerrado affect the physiological condition and body traits of males and females of Phanaeus palaeno. The individuals were collected from a Cerrado fragment (sensu stricto) and an exotic pasture (Urochloa spp.). Physiological condition was assessed through the estimation of individuals' dry body mass, fat mass, and muscle mass. Body traits were estimated through individual body size and males' horn length. We did not find differences between dung beetle morphological traits between Cerrado and pastures. However, individuals collected in exotic pastures had lower dry mass and fat mass, but higher muscle mass, than in conserved Cerrado. Understanding how the land use change affects individuals' body condition is essential to maintain abundant and healthy populations of dung beetles in human-modified landscapes. Although the estimation of physiological condition is logistically more complex than species body traits, future studies aiming to present complex and finer ecological responses of dung beetles should incorporate physiological data to their approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- César M. A. Correa
- Laboratório de Bioecologia de Scarabaeoidea (Scaralab)Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
| | - Kalel Caetano da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioecologia de Scarabaeoidea (Scaralab)Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
| | - Pedro Lucas Moreira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioecologia de Scarabaeoidea (Scaralab)Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
| | - Renato Portela Salomão
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantlaMexico
- Pós‐graduação em EcologiaInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
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Aguiar ASN, Costa LB, Borges ID, Aguirre G, Tejerina-Garro FL, Dutra e Silva S, Napolitano HB. The effect of water molecules on paraquat salts: from physicochemical properties to environmental impact in the Brazilian Cerrado. Front Chem 2023; 11:1267634. [PMID: 37795387 PMCID: PMC10546189 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1267634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The green revolution model that is followed in the Brazilian Cerrado is dependent on mechanization, chemical fertilization for soil dressing and correction, and the use of herbicides. Paraquat is a methyl viologen herbicide marketed as bipyridylium dichloride salts and used (in low doses) to combat weeds in their post-emergence stage. It is a non-selective pesticide that causes the peroxidation of the lipids that make up the cell membrane, and when it comes into contact with foliage, it results in the death of the plant. Methods: The effect of water molecules co-crystallized in Paraquat salt structures was analyzed in anhydrous, dihydrate, and trihydrate forms to understand those physicochemical properties in its redox activity. The frontier molecular orbitals were also carried out using DFT to obtain the chemical reactivity of the bipyridylium cation. Finally, the supramolecular arrangements were evaluated to analyze the physicochemical stability and acquire insights on superoxide anions. Results and discussion: The electronic structure indicated that the BP cation presents an acidic character due to its low ELUMO value, while the salt has a more basic character due to its high EHOMO value. For this reason, the BP ion is more susceptible to reduction during the weeds' photosynthesis process. During the process of plant photosynthesis, PQ is reduced to form a stable radical cation. In the supramolecular arrangement, the presence of water molecules increases the number of strong H-bonds, while the weak/moderate H-bonds are stabilized. PQ's toxic effects are observed in wildlife, domesticated animals, human populations, and ecosystems. The influence of PQ on the terrestrial environment is limited because of the soil adsorption capacity associated with good agricultural practices. The current use of good agricultural practices in the Cerrado seems not to prevent the environmental impacts of herbicides like PQ because it aims for the expansion and profitability of large-scale farming based on input-intensive practices instead of sustainable agriculture processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio S. N. Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz B. Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Igor D. Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Aguirre
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Francisco L. Tejerina-Garro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
- Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sandro Dutra e Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Hamilton B. Napolitano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
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de Carvalho AM, de Jesus DR, de Sousa TR, Ramos MLG, de Figueiredo CC, de Oliveira AD, Marchão RL, Ribeiro FP, Dantas RDA, Borges LDAB. Soil Carbon Stocks and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation of Agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado-A Review. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2449. [PMID: 37447015 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
New agricultural practices and land-use intensification in the Cerrado biome have affected the soil carbon stocks. A major part of the native vegetation of the Brazilian Cerrado, a tropical savanna-like ecoregion, has been replaced by crops, which has caused changes in the soil carbon (C) stocks. To ensure the sustainability of this intensified agricultural production, actions have been taken to increase soil C stocks and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In the last two decades, new agricultural practices have been adopted in the Cerrado region, and their impact on C stocks needs to be better understood. This subject has been addressed in a systematic review of the existing data in the literature, consisting of 63 articles from the Scopus database. Our review showed that the replacement of Cerrado vegetation by crop species decreased the original soil C stocks (depth 0-30 cm) by 73%, with a peak loss of 61.14 Mg ha-1. However, when analyzing the 0-100 cm layer, 52.4% of the C stock data were higher under cultivated areas than in native Cerrado soils, with a peak gain of 93.6 Mg ha-1. The agricultural practices implemented in the Brazilian Cerrado make low-carbon agriculture in this biome possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Rodrigues de Jesus
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-970, DF, Brazil
| | - Thais Rodrigues de Sousa
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-970, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-970, DF, Brazil
| | - Cícero Célio de Figueiredo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-970, DF, Brazil
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Batista PVG, Baptista VBDS, Wilken F, Seufferheld K, Quinton JN, Fiener P. First evidence of widespread, severe soil erosion underneath centre-pivot irrigation systems. Sci Total Environ 2023; 888:164119. [PMID: 37182782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Centre-pivot systems are widely used for irrigation in agriculture. However, excessive water application rates under low pressure centre-pivot systems can lead to soil erosion, which degrades soil structure and increases crop vulnerability to droughts. Although efforts have been deployed to measure soil erosion underneath individual centre pivots, a large-scale systematic assessment of extent and severity of soil erosion in centre-pivot irrigated fields is currently lacking. Here we used Google Earth™ satellite images to provide first evidence of widespread, severe soil erosion in centre-pivot irrigated agricultural land. We focused on the municipality of Cristalina (6154 km2), in the Brazilian Central Highlands, where centre pivots irrigate approximately 60,000 ha of cropland. The study area is in the Cerrado biome, which is one of the most important grain-producing regions in the world and Brazil's main centre-pivot irrigation area. By mapping erosion features under centre pivots, we found that 29 % of centre-pivot fields displayed signs of rill erosion, with individual rills up to a length of 1200 m. Most erosion features were identified during the dry season of the Brazilian Cerrado, which coincided with the period of greater satellite-image availability. Moreover, we found that compacted centre-pivot-wheel tracks often triggered rill incision and that eroding centre-pivot fields displayed higher slope gradients and were better connected to surface waters than the non-eroding fields. Ultimately, the frequent identification of severe erosion features in the centre-pivot fields during the dry season indicates that irrigation causes and/or aggravates soil erosion in Cristalina and likely in other parts of the Brazilian Cerrado. This first systematic evidence of widespread soil erosion underneath centre-pivot systems highlights that irrigation erosion is an important but neglected driver of land degradation, and that urgent action is required to protect affected soils for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro V G Batista
- Water and Soil Resources Research, Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | | | - Florian Wilken
- Water and Soil Resources Research, Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Kay Seufferheld
- Water and Soil Resources Research, Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - John N Quinton
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Peter Fiener
- Water and Soil Resources Research, Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Neves LC, Paula WVDF, de Paula LGF, da Silva BBF, Dias SA, Pereira BG, Silva BSA, Sevá ADP, Dantas-Torres F, Labruna MB, Krawczak FDS. Detection of Rickettsia spp. in Animals and Ticks in Midwestern Brazil, Where Human Cases of Rickettsiosis Were Reported. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081288. [PMID: 37106851 PMCID: PMC10135036 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is the most important tick-borne diseases affecting humans in Brazil. Cases of BSF have recently been reported in the Goiás state, midwestern Brazil. All cases have been confirmed by reference laboratories by seroconversion to Rickettsia rickettsii antigens. Because serological cross-reactions among different rickettsial species that belong to the spotted fever group (SFG) are common, the agent responsible for BSF cases in Goiás remains unknown. From March 2020 to April 2022, ticks and plasma were collected from dogs, horses and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and from the vegetation in an area where BSF cases have been reported and two areas under epidemiological surveillance in Goiás. Horses were infested by Amblyomma sculptum, Dermacentor nitens and Rhipicephalus microplus; dogs by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), Amblyomma ovale and A. sculptum, and capybaras by A. sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum. Adults of A. sculptum, A. dubitatum, Amblyomma rotundatum and immature stages of A. sculptum and A. dubitatum, and Amblyomma spp. were collected from the vegetation. DNA of Rickettsia that did not belong to the SFG was detected in A. dubitatum, which was identified by DNA sequencing as Rickettsia bellii. Seroreactivity to SFG and Rickettsia bellii antigens was detected in 25.4% (42/165) of dogs, 22.7% (10/44) of horses and 41.2% (7/17) of capybaras, with higher titers for R. bellii in dogs and capybaras. The seropositivity of animals to SFG Rickettsia spp. antigens demonstrates the circulation of SFG rickettsiae in the region. Further research is needed to fully determine the agent responsible for rickettsiosis cases in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucianne Cardoso Neves
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Alves Dias
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Brenda Gomes Pereira
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sérgio Alves Silva
- Directorate of Surveillance in Zoonoses, Superintendence of Health Surveillance, Municipal Health Department, Goiânia 74891-135, Brazil
| | - Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
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11
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Ribeiro-Júnior NG, Marimon BH, Marimon BS, Cruz WJA, Silva IV, Galbraith DR, Gloor E, Phillips OL. Anatomical functional traits and hydraulic vulnerability of trees in different water conditions in southern Amazonia. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16146. [PMID: 36826405 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Understanding tree species' responses to drought is critical for predicting the future of tropical forests, especially in regions where the climate is changing rapidly. METHODS We compared anatomical and functional traits of the dominant tree species of two tropical forests in southern Amazonia, one on deep, well-drained soils (cerradão [CD]) and one in a riparian environment (gallery forest [GF]), to examine potential anatomical indicators of resistance or vulnerability to drought. RESULTS Leaves of CD species generally had a thicker cuticle, upper epidermis, and mesophyll than those of GF species, traits that are indicative of adaptation to water deficit. In the GF, the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of the stems was significantly higher, indicating lower investment in drought resistance. The anatomical functional traits of CD species indicate a greater potential for surviving water restriction compared to the GF. Even so, it is possible that CD species could also be affected by extreme climate changes due to the more water-limited environment. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the marked anatomical and functional differences between these phytophysiognomies, tree diversity within each is associated with a large range of hydraulic morphofunctional niches. Our results suggest the strong potential for floristic and functional compositional shifts under continued climate change, especially in the GF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto G Ribeiro-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
- Diretoria Regional de Educação de Sinop, Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso, Rua dos Lírios, 78500-007, Sinop-MT, Brasil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
| | - Wesley J A Cruz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
| | - Ivone V Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Avenida Perimetral Rogério Silva, 4930, 78580-000, Alta Floresta-MT, Brasil
| | | | - Emanuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Faleschini T, Syafni N, Schulte HL, Garifulina A, Hering S, Espindola LS, Hamburger M. A neolignan from Connarus tuberosus as an allosteric GABA A receptor modulator at the neurosteroid binding site. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114498. [PMID: 36906973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a screening of a small library of extracts from plants of the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes, a hexane extract of Connarus tuberosus roots was found to significantly potentiate the GABA induced fluorescence in a fluorescence (FLIPR) assay in CHO cells stably expressing the α1β2γ2 subtype of human GABAA receptors. With the aid of HPLC-based activity profiling the activity was linked to the neolignan connarin. In CHO cells the activity of connarin was not abolished by increasing concentrations of flumazenil, while the effect of diazepam was increased by increasing concentrations of connarin. The effect of connarin was abolished by pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) in a concentration-dependent manner, and the effect of allopregnanolone was further increased by increasing concentrations of connarin. In a two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay with Xenopus laevis oocytes transiently expressing GABAA receptors composed of human α1β2γ2S and α1β2 subunits connarin potentiated the GABA-induced currents, with EC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.3 μM (α1β2γ2S) and 1.3 ± 0.4 μM (α1β2), and with a maximum enhancement of currents Emax of 1959 ± 70% (α1β2γ2S) and 185 ± 48% (α1β2). The activation induced by connarin was abolished by increasing concentrations of PREGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Faleschini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nova Syafni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Pharmacy and Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University, 25163 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Heidi Luise Schulte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Garifulina
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Laila Salmen Espindola
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Serafim ME, Mendes IC, Wu J, Ono FB, Zancanaro L, Valendorff JDP, Zeviani WM, Pierangeli MAP, Fan M, Lal R. Soil physicochemical and biological properties in soybean areas under no-till Systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160674. [PMID: 36493825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
No-till (NT) as a conservation practice aims to minimize soil disturbance and enhance soil sustainability. However, how NT practice affects soil physicochemical and biological properties in soybean areas remains unclear. This study selected 65 high-yielding soybean farms under a long-term NT system in the Brazilian Cerrado and collected soil samples at 0.0-0.10 m (L1), 0.10-0.20 m (L2) and 0.20-0.40 m (L3) depths. The effect of NT on soil properties and interactions with soybean productivities were assessed. Results showed that the average soybean yield of the study areas in the last three years was 4.13 Mg ha-1, with 26 areas presenting yields over 4.20 Mg ha-1. Most studied soil properties showed a depth stratification and were strongly concentrated in L1, except for S, Al3+ and aluminum saturation, which displayed lower surface and higher subsurface concentrations. Moreover, a high proportion of SOM is composed of light SOM fraction in areas of high soybean yield, with the average SOM values of 39.9, 27.8 and 19.6 g kg-1 in L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Soils under long-term NT present moderate values of enzyme activity compared with the relatively low values under conventional tillage system, especially 94 % of the plots have moderate values of activity of arylsulfatase enzymes. The data presented support the conclusion that NT system can enhance soil fertility and biological quality in soybean cultivation. Our results suggest that it is necessary to adopt NT practice because it allows increasing soybean productivity in Brazil without the need to increase the sown area, in addition to increasing productivity associated with an improvement in the agroecosystem quality, thus moving toward a more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milson Evaldo Serafim
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Technology de Mato grosso, Avenida Europa, n° 3000, Vila Real/Distrito Industrial, 78201-382 Cáceres, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Jingtao Wu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | | | | | | | - Walmes Marques Zeviani
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Paraná, R. Evaristo F. Ferreira da Costa, 393 Jardim das Americas, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Manman Fan
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center (CMASC), The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
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14
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Lewis K, Barros FDV, Moonlight PW, Hill TC, Oliveira RS, Schmidt IB, Sampaio AB, Pennington RT, Rowland L. Identifying hotspots for ecosystem restoration across heterogeneous tropical savannah-dominated regions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210075. [PMID: 36373925 PMCID: PMC9661949 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is high potential for ecosystem restoration across tropical savannah-dominated regions, but the benefits that could be gained from this restoration are rarely assessed. This study focuses on the Brazilian Cerrado, a highly species-rich savannah-dominated region, as an exemplar to review potential restoration benefits using three metrics: net biomass gains, plant species richness and ability to connect restored and native vegetation. Localized estimates of the most appropriate restoration vegetation type (grassland, savannah, woodland/forest) for pasturelands are produced. Carbon sequestration potential is significant for savannah and woodland/forest restoration in the seasonally dry tropics (net biomass gains of 58.2 ± 37.7 and 130.0 ± 69.4 Mg ha-1). Modelled restoration species richness gains were highest in the central and south-east of the Cerrado for savannahs and grasslands, and in the west and north-west for woodlands/forests. The potential to initiate restoration projects across the whole of the Cerrado is high and four hotspot areas are identified. We demonstrate that landscape restoration across all vegetation types within heterogeneous tropical savannah-dominated regions can maximize biodiversity and carbon gains. However, conservation of existing vegetation is essential to minimizing the cost and improving the chances of restoration success. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Lewis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Fernanda de V. Barros
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Peter W. Moonlight
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Timothy C. Hill
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Isabel B. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Sampaio
- Centro Nacional de Avaliação da Biodiversidade e de Pesquisa e Conservação do Cerrado CBC, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio, University of Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70.670-350, Brazil
| | - R. Toby Pennington
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK
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15
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Dias EBDS, Camilo YMV, Souza ERBD, Ferri PH. Essential oil variability in Eugenia dysenterica fruits. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:119-122. [PMID: 34227418 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1947273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) of Eugenia dysenterica fruits from seven populations were assessed using GC/MS and chemometric analysis. Variations in EOs between populations and three operational chemical units (OCUs), combined with foliar Mn2+ as an environmental variable, indicate that 86.8% of variation in oils was explained by these predictors. Variance partitioning shows that the largest pure contribution was attributed to foliar Mn2+ (13.1%), followed by OCU (11.4%). Populational origin contributed with lowest variance (6.6%).
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16
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Barbosa MA, Fonseca JC, Ferraz V, Castro AHF, Alves Rodrigues Dos Santos Lima L. Phytotoxic and antioxidant effects of dichloromethane fraction of Smilax Brasiliensis Sprengel. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:1676-1681. [PMID: 31174428 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1624955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dichloromethane (DCM) fraction and sub-fractions obtained from Smilax brasiliensis leaves were examined in order to determine their phytotoxic and antioxidant effects. The dichloromethane fraction was submitted to a preparative layer chromatography leading to seven sub-fractions (DCM1-DCM7). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed on the dichloromethane sub-fractions. The DCM sub-fractions presented phytotoxic potential; at a concentration of 125 µg per plate, DCM6 and DCM4 showed the strongest results on Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa, respectively. The DCM fraction and DCM4 sub-fraction were more effective than 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) at scavenging the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Analysis by GC-MS showed the presence of methyl palmitate (33.05%) in DCM4 and methyl palmitate (17.29%) and methyl oleate (50.96%) in DCM6, suggesting that the activities exhibited by the sub-fractions may be attributed, at least partially, to these major compounds. These results indicate that the DCM sub-fractions of S. brasiliensis could be used as natural herbicides and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Almeida Barbosa
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Costa Fonseca
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vany Ferraz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Jesus CF, Faria MT, Ferreira HD, Ferri PH. Chemovariations in Hypenia essential oils under infrageneric and phenological influences. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4017-4020. [PMID: 33682544 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1895150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) of six Hypenia species that are endemic in the central Brazilian Cerrado were assessed by GC/MS and chemometric analysis. EO variations according to two taxonomic sections, combined with two phenophases (vegetative and reproductive), showed that 23.2% of total variance was explained by such predictors. Variation partitioning showed that the largest pure contribution was attributed to section (43.7%), followed by phenophase (39.3%), with 17% of joint influence. A multivariate regression tree (MRT) indicated that 13 EO constituents may be potential chemomarkers for distinguishing sections and two developmental stages in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heleno Dias Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Goiânia, Brazil
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18
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Brandão EMV, Xavier SCC, Rocha FL, Lima CFM, Candeias ÍZ, Lemos FG, Azevedo FC, Jansen AM, Roque ALR. Wild and Domestic Canids and Their Interactions in the Transmission Cycles of Trypanosoma Cruzi and Leishmania spp. in an Area of the Brazilian Cerrado. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100818. [PMID: 33036238 PMCID: PMC7600672 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are parasites that infect multiple hosts including canids, considered bioaccumulators of parasites. Deforestation in the Cerrado biome has resulted in the exposure of wild canids to anthropized areas, where they may establish ecological and epidemiological relationships with domestic dogs. We evaluated the infection by trypanosomatids in canids from a Cerrado agroecosystem between 2013 and 2017. Samples of wild canids (blood, bone marrow and skin) and dogs (blood) were collected for parasitological, serological and molecular diagnosis. A total of 414 samples from wild (n = 131) and domestic (n = 283) canids were collected, including recaptures. We obtained five positive hemocultures from Lycalopex vetulus (n = 2), Cerdocyon thous (n = 1) and dogs (n = 2), all characterized as T. cruzi TcIII/V (18S rDNA) and TcIII/V/VI (gGAPDH); one positive skin fragment for Leishmania sp. (C. thous), one positive skin culture (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and one positive fresh blood examination from a dog. Infection by T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. was serologically confirmed in 18% and 4% of the canids, respectively. Active transmission was attested by seroconversion events and occurred despite the low rate of positive parasitological assays. Wild and domestic canids infected by both parasites were detected sharing the same areas, pointing to a possible spillover of parasites among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida M. V. Brandão
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Samanta C. C. Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Fabiana L. Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação, Campus IV Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, PB 58297-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil; (C.F.M.L.); (Í.Z.C.); (F.G.L.); (F.C.A.)
| | - Caio F. M. Lima
- Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil; (C.F.M.L.); (Í.Z.C.); (F.G.L.); (F.C.A.)
- Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04301-905, Brazil
| | - Ísis Z. Candeias
- Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil; (C.F.M.L.); (Í.Z.C.); (F.G.L.); (F.C.A.)
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Frederico G. Lemos
- Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil; (C.F.M.L.); (Í.Z.C.); (F.G.L.); (F.C.A.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. Azevedo
- Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil; (C.F.M.L.); (Í.Z.C.); (F.G.L.); (F.C.A.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - André L. R. Roque
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1416
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Płachno BJ, Silva SR, Świątek P, Dixon KW, Lustofin K, Seber GC, Miranda VFO. Structural Features of Carnivorous Plant ( Genlisea, Utricularia) Tubers as Abiotic Stress Resistance Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5143. [PMID: 32708125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utriculariamenziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U.menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments.
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Gonçalves RD, Stollberg R, Weiss H, Chang HK. Using GRACE to quantify the depletion of terrestrial water storage in Northeastern Brazil: The Urucuia Aquifer System. Sci Total Environ 2020; 705:135845. [PMID: 31972920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering a plateau area of approximately 125,000 km2, the Urucuia Aquifer System (UAS) represents a national strategic water resource in the drought-stricken Northeastern part of Brazil. Variations in terrestrial water storage (TWS) extracted using a three-model-ensemble from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission showed a negative balance equal to water stress. Monthly GRACE-derived water storage changes from 2002 to 2014 were compared with those derived from an independent hydrologic water balance of the region using in situ measurements and estimated evapotranspiration rates. Trend analyses revealed a TWS depletion rate of 6.5 ± 2.6 mm yr-1, but no significant decline in precipitation as observed from available data records. Water storage depletion was found to be driven by anthropogenic impacts rather than by natural climatic variability. The obtained results demonstrate that GRACE is able to adequately capture water storage changes at the subregional scale, particularly during dry seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Gonçalves
- São Paulo State University, UNESP, Environmental Studies Center (CEA) and Basin Studies Laboratory (LEBAC), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Reiner Stollberg
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Fugro Germany Land GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Weiss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hung K Chang
- São Paulo State University, UNESP, Dept. of Applied Geology and Basin Studies Laboratory (LEBAC), Rio Claro, Brazil.
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Brandão EMV, Xavier SCC, Carvalhaes JG, D’Andrea PS, Lemos FG, Azevedo FC, Cássia-Pires R, Jansen AM, Roque ALR. Trypanosomatids in Small Mammals of an Agroecosystem in Central Brazil: Another Piece in the Puzzle of Parasite Transmission in an Anthropogenic Landscape. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040190. [PMID: 31615153 PMCID: PMC6963188 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We surveyed infection by Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. in small wild mammals from Cumari, Goiás State aiming to investigate the diversity of trypanosomatid in a modified landscape of the Brazilian Cerrado (and possible infection overlapping with canids from the same area). Blood, skin, spleen, and liver samples were collected for parasitological, serological, and molecular assays. Gracilinanus agilis was the most abundant species (N = 70; 48.6%) and it was the only one with patent parasitemia. Characterization by mini-exon and 18SrDNA targets were achieved in 7/10 hemocultures with positive fresh blood examination, which confirmed the T. cruzi infection by Discrete Typing Units (DTU) TcI in single (N = 2) and mixed infections with other DTUs (N = 5). T. rangeli and T. dionisii were detected in skin fragments from Didelphis albiventris and Oecomys cleberi, respectively. G. agilis were found to be infected by L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis, while Leishmania sp. DNA was detected in the liver of Oligoryzomys nigripes and Calomys expulsus. Subpatent infection by T. cruzi and Leishmania sp. was serologically detected in 15% and 9% of the small mammal fauna, respectively. Small mammals from Cumari are included in T. cruzi and Leshmania spp. transmission cycles, showing a higher diversity of trypanosomatid species and/or genotypes than that observed in canids of the same agroecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida M. V. Brandão
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brasil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Samanta C. C. Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brasil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Jeiel G. Carvalhaes
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brasil; (J.G.C.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Paulo S. D’Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brasil; (J.G.C.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Frederico G. Lemos
- Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado (PCMC)–Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás/Regional Catalão, Catalão, GO 75704020, Brasil; (F.G.L.); (F.C.A.)
| | - Fernanda C. Azevedo
- Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado (PCMC)–Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás/Regional Catalão, Catalão, GO 75704020, Brasil; (F.G.L.); (F.C.A.)
| | - Renata Cássia-Pires
- Laboratório de Biologia de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012570, Brasil;
| | - Ana M. Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brasil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - André L. R. Roque
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brasil; (E.M.V.B.); (S.C.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1416; Fax: +55-21-2562-1609
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Ribeiro DDC, Chagas JMA, Thereza MR, Langeani F. Checklist and key for the identification of fish fauna of the Uberaba River, Upper Paraná River system, Brazil. Zookeys 2019; 875:129-155. [PMID: 31579131 PMCID: PMC6760199 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.875.31977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Uberaba River is an important right-bank tributary to the Grande River, in the Upper Paraná River system, Brazil, and the main water source for the public supply of the Uberaba city, Minas Gerais state. An inventory, an identification key, and photographs of the fish species of the Uberaba River are provided, based on samples made between 2012 and 2014 at 14 sampling sites in the river system. A total of 73 species was recorded from six orders, 20 families, and 49 genera. Characiformes and Siluriformes are the most speciose orders and Characidae and Loricariidae are the most commonly recorded families. Most species are autochthonous, nine are considered allochthonous, and two species are exotic. The Uberaba River has a diverse and heterogeneous ichthyofauna, typical of rheophilic environments, with endemic species and few non-native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas de Castro Ribeiro
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Rua Cristóvão Colombo Brazil
| | - Jumma Miranda Araújo Chagas
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Laboratório de Ecologia do Parasitismo, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Ilha Solteira Brazil
| | - Mariana Ribeiro Thereza
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Rua Cristóvão Colombo Brazil
| | - Francisco Langeani
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Rua Cristóvão Colombo Brazil
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Neves K, Moura MR, Maravalhas J, Pacheco R, Pie MR, Schultz TR, Vasconcelos HL. Functional richness shows spatial scale dependency in Pheidole ant assemblages from Neotropical savannas. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11734-11741. [PMID: 31695883 PMCID: PMC6822040 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that spatial scale is important for understanding ecological processes shaping community membership, but empirical evidence on this topic is still scarce. Ecological processes such as environmental filtering can decrease functional differences among species and promote functional clustering of species assemblages, whereas interspecific competition can do the opposite. These different ecological processes are expected to take place at different spatial scales, with competition being more likely at finer scales and environmental filtering most likely at coarser scales. We used a comprehensive dataset on species assemblages of a dominant ant genus, Pheidole, in the Cerrado (savanna) biodiversity hotspot to ask how functional richness relates to species richness gradients and whether such relationships vary across spatial scales. Functional richness of Pheidole assemblages decreased with increasing species richness, but such relationship did not vary across different spatial scales. Species were more functionally dissimilar at finer spatial scales, and functional richness increased less than expected with increasing species richness. Our results indicate a tighter packing of the functional volume as richness increases and point out to a primary role for environmental filtering in shaping membership of Pheidole assemblages in Neotropical savannas. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has been awarded Open Materials, Open Data, Preregistered Research Designs Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.31201jg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Neves
- Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal UberlândiaUberlândiaMGBrazil
| | - Mario R. Moura
- Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal UberlândiaUberlândiaMGBrazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Jonas Maravalhas
- Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal UberlândiaUberlândiaMGBrazil
| | - Renata Pacheco
- Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal UberlândiaUberlândiaMGBrazil
| | - Marcio R. Pie
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | - Ted R. Schultz
- Department of EntomologyNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA
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Gonçalves AR, Chaves LJ, de Campos Telles MP. Genetic variability and effective population size in Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae) germplasm collection: tools for breeding programs and genetic conservation. Genetica 2019; 147:359-68. [PMID: 31552523 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The conservation of plant genetic resources is essential for breeding programs. Regarding the native species of the Brazilian Cerrado biome, many studies have demonstrated their high potential for use in both medicines and foods. Hymenaea stigonocarpa, a tree with wide occurrence in the Cerrado, has economic importance, and due its extractive use, the establishment of a breeding program is relevant for sustainable use and conservation. Thus, the first germplasm collection of the species was installed at the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). To know the magnitude of genetic variability and how it was distributed in the collection, 353 individuals, distributed in 119 families from 24 subpopulations collected in the Cerrado biome, were genotyped using capillary electrophoresis. Nine pairs of microsatellite markers were genotyped. The UFG germplasm collection showed a high level of genetic diversity (mean [Formula: see text] = 0.554) at the evaluated loci. By Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), a significant genetic structure was detected (θP = 0.152, p < 0.01), which was expected since the subpopulations that originated the germplasm collection were collected in geographically distant locations. In addition, the germplasm collection had a population effective size of 54.9 and presented an allelic representation of 79.89% compared to 32 natural subpopulations. These results demonstrate that the germplasm collection preserves a high genetic diversity of H. stigonocarpa with a population effective size considered sufficient for the conduction of a breeding program.
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Peixoto JC, Neves BJ, Vasconcelos FG, Napolitano HB, Barbalho MGDS, Silva SDE, Rosseto LP. Flavonoids from Brazilian Cerrado: Biosynthesis, Chemical and Biological Profile. Molecules 2019; 24:E2891. [PMID: 31395797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are highly bioactive compounds with very low toxicity, which makes them attractive starting points in drug discovery. This study aims to provide information on plant species containing flavonoids, which are found in the Brazilian Cerrado. First, we present the characterization and plant diversity with emphasis on the families of flavonoid-producing plants, and then we describe the phenylpropanoid pathway which represents the flavonoids’ main route biosynthesis—generally conserved in all species. Chemical structures and biological activities of flavonoids isolated from the Cerrado’s plant species are also described based on examples from the relevant literature studies. Finally, research on the biodiversity of the Cerrado biome should be encouraged, due to the discovery of new sources of flavonoids which can provide several benefits to human health and the possibility of developing new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry.
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Fernandes GW, Aguirre-Jaimes A, Araújo-Oliveira L. Induction, engineering, and hijacking of defensive strategies of the host by a gall-inducing weevil. Ecology 2019; 100:e02693. [PMID: 30883734 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva and Biodiversidade, ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California , 94305, USA
| | - Armando Aguirre-Jaimes
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México
| | - Lázaro Araújo-Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras do Alto São Francisco, Avenida Laerton Paulinelli 153, 35595-000, Luz, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Cardozo CML, Inada AC, Marcelino G, Figueiredo PS, Arakaki DG, Hiane PA, Cardoso CAL, Guimarães RCA, Freitas KC. Therapeutic Potential of Brazilian Cerrado Campomanesia Species on Metabolic Dysfunctions. Molecules 2018; 23:E2336. [PMID: 30216974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, in conjunction with other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a feature of metabolic syndrome which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant foods are proposed to prevent and treat these disorders. Medicinal plants are one of the main strategies in this regard. Guavira, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, contains different bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and without clinical or reproductive toxicity effects. Though there are different varieties of guavira, the principal Brazilian Cerrado guaviras demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic actions. There is also a potential antiplatelet agent in C. xanthocarpa, while C. adamantium displayed hypocholesterolemic actions in animal models and human clinical trials. On the other hand, even with a lack of studies related to C. pubescens, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and an antioxidant capacity in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that most of the studies were not performed to evaluate pathological conditions specific to obese animal models or obese subjects, guavira demonstrated effects in metabolic disorders that are commonly related to the obesity context, such as cardiovascular disturbances and hyperglycemia status. This suggests that guavira is a potential therapeutic approach to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Eloy de Amorim M, Schoener TW, Santoro GRCC, Lins ACR, Piovia-Scott J, Brandão RA. Lizards on newly created islands independently and rapidly adapt in morphology and diet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8812-6. [PMID: 28760959 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709080114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid adaptive changes can result from the drastic alterations humans impose on ecosystems. For example, flooding large areas for hydroelectric dams converts mountaintops into islands and leaves surviving populations in a new environment. We report differences in morphology and diet of the termite-eating gecko Gymnodactylus amarali between five such newly created islands and five nearby mainland sites located in the Brazilian Cerrado, a biodiversity hotspot. Mean prey size and dietary prey-size breadth were larger on islands than mainlands, expected because four larger lizard species that also consume termites, but presumably prefer larger prey, went extinct on the islands. In addition, island populations had larger heads relative to their body length than mainland populations; larger heads are more suited to the larger prey taken, and disproportionately larger heads allow that functional advantage without an increase in energetic requirements resulting from larger body size. Parallel morphological evolution is strongly suggested, because there are indications that, before flooding, relative head size did not differ between future island and future mainland sites. Females and males showed the same trend of relatively larger heads on islands, so the difference between island and mainland sites is unlikely to be due to greater male-male competition for mates on islands. We thus discovered a very fast (at most 15 y) case of independent parallel adaptive change in response to catastrophic human disturbance.
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Pereira Freire JA, Barros KBNT, Lima LKF, Martins JM, Araújo YDC, da Silva Oliveira GL, de Souza Aquino J, Ferreira PMP. Phytochemistry Profile, Nutritional Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Mauritia flexuosa. J Food Sci 2016; 81:R2611-R2622. [PMID: 30240016 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa L. (Arecaceae) is a popular Brazilian fruit known as "buriti" and belonging to the category of functional foods. This work reviewed the phytochemistry profile, nutritional and pharmacological activities of M. flexuosa. The main bioactive compounds reported to buriti were carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, fiber, phytosterols, and mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. These compounds were mainly related to antioxidant, hypolipemiant, photoprotector, antiaggregant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemiant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Furthermore, some compounds present in buriti fruit and its properties were tested in vitro and in vivo and showed biotechnology applications, especially for extraction of fiber, polysaccharides, pigments, antioxidants, and oil. Howerer, the buriti fruit shows great relevance to the development of new products in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industry, this fruit is still underexploited and it has need to expand its production chain and processing to encourage their consumption and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Dept. of Nutrition, Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Federal Univ. of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Dept. of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal Univ. of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Charneau S, de Mesquita ML, Bastos IMD, Santana JM, de Paula JE, Grellier P, Espindola LS. In vitro investigation of Brazilian Cerrado plant extract activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei gambiense. Nat Prod Res 2015. [PMID: 26222897 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1055264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The threatened Brazilian Cerrado biome is an important biodiversity hotspot but still few explored that constitutes a potential reservoir of molecules to treat infectious diseases. We selected eight Cerrado plant species for screening against the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum, human intracellular stages of Trypanosoma cruzi and bloodstream forms of T. brucei gambiense, and for their cytotoxicity upon the rat L6-myoblast cell line. Bioassays were performed with 37 hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts prepared from different plant organs. Activities against parasites were observed for 24 extracts: 9 with anti-P. falciparum, 4 with anti-T. cruzi and 11 with anti-T. brucei gambiense activities. High anti-protozoal activity (IC50 values < 10 μg/mL) without obvious cytotoxicity to L6 cells was observed for eight extracts from plants: Connarus suberosus, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Psidium laruotteanum and Myrsine guianensis. Overall, studies of plant extracts will contribute to increase the biodiversity knowledge essential for Cerrado conservation and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Charneau
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Mariana Laundry de Mesquita
- b Laboratório de Farmacognosia , Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
- c Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins Santana
- c Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - José Elias de Paula
- d Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Philippe Grellier
- e Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , UMR 7245 CNRS - Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes , CP52, 61 rue Buffon , 75231 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Laila Salmen Espindola
- b Laboratório de Farmacognosia , Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília , DF , Brazil
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de Assis PA, Theodoro PN, de Paula JE, Araújo AJ, Costa-Lotufo LV, Michel S, Grougnet R, Kritsanida M, Espindola LS. Antifungal ether diglycosides from Matayba guianensis Aublet. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1414-6. [PMID: 24485783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, fungal infections have become a major worldwide public health problem. Antifungal treatments have many limitations, such as toxicity and resistance. Matayba guianensis Aublet (Sapindaceae) was chemically investigated as part of our ongoing search for lead molecules against fungi in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The ethanolic extract of M. guianensis root bark revealed the presence of two previously unreported ether diglycosides: matayoside E (1) and F (2) with anti Candida activity, along with two known compounds: cupanioside (3) and stigmasterol (4).
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Benoliel B, Torres FAG, de Moraes LMP. A novel promising Trichoderma harzianum strain for the production of a cellulolytic complex using sugarcane bagasse in natura. Springerplus 2013; 2:656. [PMID: 24349958 PMCID: PMC3862859 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is a major producer of agro-industrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, which could be used as raw material for microbial production of cellulases as an important strategy for the development of sustainable processes of second generation ethanol production. For this purpose, this work aimed at screening for glycosyl hydrolase activities of fungal strains isolated from the Brazilian Cerrado. Among 13 isolates, a Trichoderma harzianum strain (L04) was identified as a promising candidate for cellulase production when cultured on in natura sugarcane bagasse. Strain L04 revealed a well-balanced cellulolytic complex, presenting fast kinetic production of endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases, achieving 4,022, U.L-1 (72 h), 1,228 U.L-1 (120 h) and 1,968 U.L-1 (48 h) as the highest activities, respectively. About 60% glucose yields were obtained from sugarcane bagasse after 18 hours hydrolysis. This new strain represents a potential candidate for on-site enzyme production using sugarcane bagasse as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Benoliel
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Araripe Gonçalves Torres
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lidia Maria Pepe de Moraes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil ; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900 Brazil
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de Almeida Curi NH, Araújo AS, Campos FS, Lobato ZIP, Gennari SM, Marvulo MFV, Silva JCR, Talamoni SA. Wild canids, domestic dogs and their pathogens in Southeast Brazil: disease threats for canid conservation. Biodivers Conserv 2010; 19:3513-3524. [PMID: 32214695 PMCID: PMC7088301 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-010-9911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wild canids are under many pressures, including habitat loss, fragmentation and disease. The current lack of information on the status of wildlife health may hamper conservation efforts in Brazil. In this paper, we examined the prevalence of canine pathogens in 21 free-ranging wild canids, comprising 12 Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 7 Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 2 Lycalopex vetulus (hoary fox), and 70 non-vaccinated domestic dogs from the Serra do Cipó National Park area, Southeast Brazil. For wild canids, seroprevalence of antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus and Toxoplasma gondii was 100 (21/21), 33 (7/21), 5 (1/19) and 68 (13/19) percent, respectively. Antibodies against canine distemper virus, Neospora caninum or Babesia spp. were not found. We tested domestic dogs for antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and Babesia spp., and seroprevalences were 59 (41/70), 66 (46/70), and 42 (40/70) percent, respectively, with significantly higher prevalence in domestic dogs for CDV (P < 0.001) and Babesia spp. (P = 0.002), and in wild canids for CPV (P < 0.001). We report for the first time evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus in wild hoary foxes, and Platynossomun sp. infection in wild maned wolves. Maned wolves are more exposed to helminths than crab-eating foxes, with a higher prevalence of Trichuridae and Ancylostomidae in the area. The most common ectoparasites were Amblyomma cajennense, A. tigrinum, and Pulex irritans. Such data is useful information on infectious diseases of Brazilian wild canids, revealing pathogens as a threat to wild canids in the area. Control measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Henrique de Almeida Curi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais—PUC Minas, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- Rua Francisco Eugênio Teixeira, 334, 37200-000 Lavras, MG Brazil
| | - Amanda Soriano Araújo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Fábia Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Zélia Inês Portela Lobato
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Vianna Marvulo
- Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação—Tríade, Estrada do Encanamento, 1752/1201, Casa Forte, 52070-000 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Ramos Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 50171-900 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais—PUC Minas, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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