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Li Y, Guo J, Sun S. Decreasing acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester products using complex enzymes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1355009. [PMID: 38390361 PMCID: PMC10882546 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1355009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, enzymatic method has been used to prepare biodiesel using various oils. But the high acid value of the biodiesel product using enzyme as a catalyst has been one issue. In this work, an attempt to reduce the acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) product to satisfy the specified requirement (AV ≤ 0.5 mgKOH/g), a complex enzyme-catalyzed method was used for the ethanolysis of Semen Abutili seed oil (SASO) (AV = 5.5 ± 0.3 mgKOH/g). The effects of various variables (constituents of complex enzyme, type and addition of water removal agent, time, temperature, enzyme addition load, substrate ratio) on the enzymatic reaction were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were: 1% addition of liquid lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0% and 0.8% of enzyme dry powder CALB, reaction temperature 35°C, alcohol-oil ratio 9:1 (mol/mol), 0.8 g/g of 4A-MS and reaction time 24 h. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the FAEE yield was 90.8% ± 1.5% and its acid value was decreased from 12.0 ± 0.2 mgKOH/g to 0.39 ± 0.10 mgKOH/g. In further evaluating the feasibility of preparing FAEE from SASO, the FAEE products obtained under the optimal reaction conditions were purified and evaluated with reference to the ASTM D6751 standard for the main physicochemical indexes. The results obtained were in accordance with the requirements except for the oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangde Sun
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Xiao D, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang F. Efficient Expression of Candida antarctica Lipase B in Pichia pastoris and Its Application in Biodiesel Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5933-5949. [PMID: 36723721 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) is an important biocatalyst with many potential applications. However, original CALB is usually with lower enzyme activity and also costly to produce from Candida antarctica; hence, it is often necessary to prepare recombinant CALB through gene heterologous expression. In this research, seven promoters and five signal peptides were compared respectively for expressing codon-optimized CALB in Pichia pastoris, and then recombinant P. pastoris containing 3 copies of calb gene were obtained by screening with high concentrations of antibiotics under the condition of the optimal combination. In a 1.3-L bioreactor, the maximum CALB activity and total protein content reached 444.46 ± 18.81 U/mL and 5.41 ± 0.1 g/L, respectively, after about 9 days of incubation in FM22 medium, which were 34 times and 20 times higher than the initial strains, respectively. In addition, the obtained CALB was used to catalyze the transesterification of acidified gutter oil with methanol, suggesting a promising pathway to convert waste or low quality of bio-oil feedstocks with high amount of free fatty acids into biodiesel by using recombinant CALB as catalyst. The results can provide with a good reference for efficient expression of CALB and enhancing lipase production in P. pastoris. It is supposed to bring with new possibility for the bio-production of other valuable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunchi Xiao
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xun Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Rodríguez Mejía Y, Romero Romero F, Basavanag Unnamatla MV, Ballesteros Rivas MF, Varela Guerrero V. Metal-Organic Frameworks as bio- and heterogeneous catalyst supports for biodiesel production. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As biodiesel (BD)/Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (FAAE) is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats, it is a cost-effective alternative fuel that could complement diesel. The BD is processed from different catalytic routes of esterification and transesterification through homogeneous (alkaline and acid), heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis. However, heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts play an essential role towards a sustainable alternative to homogeneous catalysts applied in biodiesel production. The main drawback is the supporting material. To overcome this, currently, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant interest as supports for catalysts due to their extremely high surface area and numerous binding sites. This review focuses on the advantages of using various MOFs structures as supports for heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts for the eco-friendly biodiesel production process. The characteristics of these materials and their fabrication synthesis are briefly discussed. Moreover, we address in a general way basic items ranging from biodiesel synthesis to applied catalysts, giving great importance to the enzymatic part, mainly to the catalytic mechanism in esterification/transesterification reactions. We provide a summary with recommendations based on the limiting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetzin Rodríguez Mejía
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón esq. Paseo Tollocan s/n, 50120 , Toluca , Estado de México , CP 50120 , México
| | - Fernando Romero Romero
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km. 15, Unidad el Cerrillo , Toluca , Estado de México , 50200 , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5 , Toluca , Estado de México , 50200 , México
| | - Murali Venkata Basavanag Unnamatla
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón esq. Paseo Tollocan s/n, 50120 , Toluca , Estado de México , CP 50120 , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5 , Toluca , Estado de México , 50200 , México
| | - Maria Fernanda Ballesteros Rivas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón esq. Paseo Tollocan s/n, 50120 , Toluca , Estado de México , CP 50120 , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5 , Toluca , Estado de México , 50200 , México
| | - Victor Varela Guerrero
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón esq. Paseo Tollocan s/n, 50120 , Toluca , Estado de México , CP 50120 , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5 , Toluca , Estado de México , 50200 , México
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Statistical Optimization for Cost-Effective Production of Yeast-Bacterium Cell-Bound Lipases Using Blended Oily Wastes and Their Potential Applications in Biodiesel Synthesis and Wastewater Bioremediation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oily wastes have been widely used to produce lipases, but there is insufficient knowledge on their use to efficiently produce cell-bound lipases (CBLs). This research aimed to optimize yeast–bacterium CBLs production using blended oily wastes by statistical optimization and their potential applications in biodiesel production and wastewater bioremediation. The co-culture of Magnusiomyces spicifer AW2 and Staphylococcus hominis AUP19 produced CBLs as high as 4709 U/L with cell biomass of 23.4 g/L in a two-fold diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME) added by 2.08% (v/v) waste frying oil, 1.72.0% (w/v) ammonium sulfate, 0.1% (w/v) Gum Arabic as an emulsifier (initial pH at 7.0) within 24 h. The CBLs were successfully applied as whole-cell biocatalysts to produce biodiesel through esterification and transesterification with 76% and 87% yields, respectively. Direct application of CBLs for bioremediation of heat-treated various POME concentrations achieved 73.3% oil and grease removal and 73.6% COD removal within 3 days. This study has shown that the blended oily wastes medium was suitable for low-cost production of yeast–bacterium CBLs and their potential applications in solvent-free biodiesel production and wastewater bioremediation. These strategies may greatly contribute to economical green biofuel production and waste biotreatment.
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The combination of covalent and ionic exchange immobilizations enables the coimmobilization on vinyl sulfone activated supports and the reuse of the most stable immobilized enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:51-60. [PMID: 34973984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coimmobilization of lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and Candida antarctica (CALB) has been intended using agarose beads activated with divinyl sulfone. CALB could be immobilized on this support, while RML was not. However, RML was ionically exchanged on this support blocked with ethylendiamine. Therefore, both enzymes could be coimmobilized on the same particle, CALB covalently using the vinyl sulfone groups, and RML via anionic exchange on the aminated blocked support. However, immobilized RML was far less stable than immobilized CALB. To avoid the discarding of CALB (that maintained 90% of the initial activity after RML inactivation), a strategy was developed. Inactivated RML was desorbed from the support using ammonium sulfate and 1% Triton X-100 at pH 7.0. That way, 5 cycles of RML thermal inactivation, discharge of the inactivated enzyme and re-immobilization of a fresh sample of RML could be performed. In the last cycle, immobilized CALB activity was still over 90% of the initial one. Thus, the strategy permits that enzymes can be coimmobilized on vinyl sulfone supports even if one of them cannot be immobilized on it, and also permits the reuse of the most stable enzyme (if it is irreversibly attached to the support).
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Filipe HAL, Almeida MCF, Teixeira RR, Esteves MIM, Henriques CA, Antunes FE. Dancing with oils - the interaction of lipases with different oil/water interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7086-7098. [PMID: 34155497 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of enzymes as biocatalysts in industrial applications has received much attention during the last few years. Lipases are widely employed in the food and cosmetic industry, for the synthesis of novel biomaterials and as a greener solution for the treatment of waste cooking oils (WCO). The latter topic has been widely explored with the use of enzymes from several origins and types, for the treatment of different used and non-used cooking oils. The experimental conditions of such works are also quite broad, hampering the detailed understanding of the process. In this work we present a detailed characterization of the interaction of several commonly used lipases with different types of vegetal oils and food fats through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. First, the molecular details of the oil/water (O/W) mixtures, namely at the O/W interface, are described. The O/W interface was found to be enriched in triglyceride molecules with higher polarity. Then, the interaction of lipases with oil mixtures is characterized from different perspectives, including the identification of the most important protein residues for this process. The lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and Candida antarctica (CALB) were found to bind to the O/W interface in a manner that makes the protein binding site more available for the oil molecules. These enzymes were also found to efficiently bind to the O/W interface of all oil mixtures, which in addition to reactivity factors, may explain the efficient applicability of these enzymes to a large variety of edible oils and WCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A L Filipe
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maëva C F Almeida
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rafaela R Teixeira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Margarida I M Esteves
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - César A Henriques
- EcoXperience, HIESE, Quinta Vale do Espinhal, 3230-343, Penela, Portugal
| | - Filipe E Antunes
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.
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Improving the Yields and Reaction Rate in the Ethanolysis of Soybean Oil by Using Mixtures of Lipase CLEAs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234392. [PMID: 31805665 PMCID: PMC6930585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of oils, the use of mixtures of lipases with different activity for a large number of glycerol-linked carboxylic acids that compose the substrate has been proposed as a better alternative than the use of one specific lipase preparation in the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel. In this work, mixtures of lipases from different sources were evaluated in their soluble form in the ethanolysis of soybean oil. A mixture of lipases (50% of each lipase, in activity basis) from porcine pancreas (PPL) and Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) gave the highest fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) yield (around 20 wt.%), while the individual lipases gave FAEE yields 100 and 5 times lower, respectively. These lipases were immobilized individually by the cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) technique, yielding biocatalysts with 89 and 119% of expressed activity, respectively. A mixture of these CLEAs (also 50% of each lipase, in activity basis) gave 90.4 wt.% FAEE yield, while using separately CLEAs of PPL and TLL, the FAEE yields were 84.7 and 75.6 wt.%, respectively, under the same reaction conditions. The mixture of CLEAs could be reused (five cycles of 6 h) in the ethanolysis of soybean oil in a vortex flow-type reactor yielding an FAEE yield higher than 80% of that of the first batch.
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C. Wancura JH, Tres MV, Jahn SL, Oliveira JV. Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 67:648-667. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João H. C. Wancura
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Marcus V. Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE) Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul RS Brazil
| | - Sérgio L. Jahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - José Vladimir Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC Brazil
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Immobilization of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase on layered double hydroxide of Zn/Al-Cl for kinetic resolution of rac-1-phenylethanol. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 130:109365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Techno-Economic Performance of Different Technological Based Bio-Refineries for Biofuel Production. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12203916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are different technologies for biodiesel production, each having its benefits and drawbacks depending on the type of feedstock and catalyst used. In this study, the techno-economic performances of four catalyst technologies were investigated. The catalysts were bulk calcium oxide (CaO), enzyme, nano-calcium oxide, and ionic liquid. The study was mainly based on process simulations designed using Aspen Plus and SuperPro software. The quantity and quality of biodiesel and glycerol, as well as the amount of biodiesel per amount of feedstock, were the parameters to evaluate technical performances. The parameters for economic performances were total investment cost, unit production cost, net present value (NPV), internal return rate (IRR), and return over investment (ROI). Technically, all the studied options provided fuel quality biodiesel and high purity glycerol. However, under the assumed market scenario, the process using bulk CaO catalyst was more economically feasible and tolerable to the change in market values of major inputs and outputs. On the contrary, the enzyme catalyst option was very expensive and economically infeasible for all considered ranges of cost of feedstock and product. The result of this study could be used as a basis to do detail estimates for the practical implementation of the efficient process.
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Amoah J, Kahar P, Ogino C, Kondo A. Bioenergy and Biorefinery: Feedstock, Biotechnological Conversion, and Products. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800494. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Amoah
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Prihardi Kahar
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
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Freitas VOD, Matte CR, Poppe JK, Rodrigues RC, Ayub MAZ. ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF SOYBEAN OIL USING COMBI-LIPASE BIOCATALYSTS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Biodiesel Production (FAEEs) by Heterogeneous Combi-Lipase Biocatalysts Using Wet Extracted Lipids from Microalgae. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of fatty acids ethyl esters (FAEEs) to be used as biodiesel from oleaginous microalgae shows great opportunities as an attractive source for the production of renewable fuels without competing with human food. To ensure the economic viability and environmental sustainability of the microbial biomass as a raw material, the integration of its production and transformation into the biorefinery concept is required. In the present work, lipids from wet Isochrysis galbana microalga were extracted with ethyl acetate with and without drying the microalgal biomass (dry and wet extraction method, respectively). Then, FAEEs were produced by lipase-catalyzed transesterification and esterification of the extracted lipids with ethanol using lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) lipase supported on SBA-15 mesoporous silica functionalized with amino groups. The conversion to FAEEs with CALB (97 and 85.5 mol% for dry and wet extraction, respectively) and PC (91 and 87 mol%) biocatalysts reached higher values than those obtained with commercial Novozym 435 (75 and 69.5 mol%). Due to the heterogeneous nature of the composition of microalgae lipids, mixtures with different CALB:PC biocatalyst ratio were used to improve conversion of wet-extracted lipids. The results showed that a 25:75 combi-lipase produced a significantly higher conversion to FAEEs (97.2 mol%) than those produced by each biocatalyst independently from wet-extracted lipids and similar ones than those obtained by each lipase from the dry extraction method. Therefore, that optimized combi-lipase biocatalyst, along with achieving the highest conversion to FAEEs, would allow improving viability of a biorefinery since biodiesel production could be performed without the energy-intensive step of biomass drying.
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Poppe JK, Matte CR, de Freitas VO, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC, Záchia Ayub MA. Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl esters from waste oil using mixtures of lipases in a plug-flow packed-bed continuous reactor. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:952-959. [PMID: 29708648 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the continuous synthesis of ethyl esters via enzymatic catalysis on a packed-bed continuous reactor, using mixtures of immobilized lipases (combi-lipases) of Candida antarctica (CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), and Rhizomucor miehei (RML). The influence of the addition of glass beads to the reactor bed, evaluation of the use of different solvents, and flow rate on reaction conditions was studied. All experiments were conducted using the best combination of lipases according to the fatty acid composition of the waste oil (combi-lipase composition: 40% of TLL, 35% of CALB, and 25% of RML) and soybean oil (combi-lipase composition: 22.5% of TLL, 50% of CALB, and 27.5% of RML). The best general reaction conditions were found to be using tert-butanol as solvent, and the flow rate of 0.08 mL min-1 . The combi-lipase reactors operating at steady state for over 30 days (720 h), kept conversion yields of ∼50%, with average productivity of 1.94 gethyl estersgsubstrate-1 h-1 , regardless of the type of oil in use. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:952-959, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Kathiele Poppe
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Matte
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Vitória Olave de Freitas
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Synthesis of novel medium-long-medium type structured lipids from microalgae oil via two-step enzymatic reactions. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Galeano JD, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Biodiesel production by solvent-free ethanolysis of palm oil catalyzed by fermented solids containing lipases of Burkholderia contaminans. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Szczęsna-Antczak M, Szeląg J, Stańczyk Ł, Borowska A, Antczak T. Engineering of lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction media using water and diethylamine. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1247825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakub Szeląg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stańczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Antczak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Nanssou Kouteu PA, Baréa B, Barouh N, Blin J, Villeneuve P. Lipase Activity of Tropical Oilseed Plants for Ethyl Biodiesel Synthesis and Their Typo- and Regioselectivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8838-8847. [PMID: 27797524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate lipase activities in crude extracts from Adansonia suarezensis, Adansonia grandidieri, Moringa drouhardii, Moringa oleifera, Jatropha mahafalensis, and Jatropha curcas seeds in ethanolysis and hydrolysis reactions. All crude extracts from germinated seeds showed both ethanolysis and hydrolysis activities. The influence of germination, the delipidation procedure, and the triacylglycerol/ethanol molar ratio on their ethanolysis activity was studied. Crude extracts of Jatropha and Adansonia seeds showed optimal activity at pH 8 with an optimum temperature of 30 and 40 °C, respectively. The study of the regioselectivity of crude extracts from J. mahafalensis and A. grandidieri seeds, which had the most active hydrolysis reaction, showed 1,3 regioselectivity in the hydrolysis reaction of vegetable oils. The crude extract from A. grandidieri seeds showed no typoselectivity, whereas the typoselectivity of the crude extract of J. mahafalensis seeds depended on the type of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Nanssou Kouteu
- Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (2iE) , Laboratoire Biomasse Energie et Biocarburants (LBEB), Rue de la Science, 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Montpellier SupAgro , UMR 1208 Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Baréa
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Blin
- Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (2iE) , Laboratoire Biomasse Energie et Biocarburants (LBEB), Rue de la Science, 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
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Amoah J, Ho SH, Hama S, Yoshida A, Nakanishi A, Hasunuma T, Ogino C, Kondo A. Lipase cocktail for efficient conversion of oils containing phospholipids to biodiesel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:224-30. [PMID: 27019125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phospholipid has been a challenge in liquid enzymatic biodiesel production. Among six lipases that were screened, lipase AY had the highest hydrolysis activity and a competitive transesterification activity. However, it yielded only 21.1% FAME from oil containing phospholipids. By replacing portions of these lipases with a more robust bioFAME lipase, CalT, the combination of lipase AY-CalT gave the highest FAME yield with the least amounts of free fatty acids and partial glycerides. A higher methanol addition rate reduced FAME yields for lipase DF-CalT and A10D-CalT combinations while that of lipase AY-CalT combination improved. Optimizing the methanol addition rate for lipase AY-CalT resulted in a FAME yield of 88.1% at 2h and more than 95% at 6h. This effective use of lipases could be applied for the rapid and economic conversion of unrefined oils to biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Amoah
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Hama
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshida
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
| | - Akihito Nakanishi
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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21
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Norjannah B, Ong HC, Masjuki HH, Juan JC, Chong WT. Enzymatic transesterification for biodiesel production: a comprehensive review. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel catalyzed by enzyme is affected by many factors. This review will critically discuss the three major components of enzymatic production of biodiesel and the methods used to improve the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Norjannah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - H. H. Masjuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - J. C. Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NanoCat)
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - W. T. Chong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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22
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Mulalee S, Srisuwan P, Phisalaphong M. Influences of operating conditions on biocatalytic activity and reusability of Novozym 435 for esterification of free fatty acids with short-chain alcohols: A case study of palm fatty acid distillate. Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Liu D, Cai S, Luan F, Wang Q. Synthesis of long chain fatty acids acylated coumarin glycoside esters with lipase as catalyst. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive study has been made on the detection of free fatty acids (FFAs) in palm oil via an optical technique based on enzymatic aminolysis reactions. FFAs in crude palm oil (CPO) were converted into fatty hydroxamic acids (FHAs) in a biphasic lipid/aqueous medium in the presence of immobilized lipase. The colored compound formed after complexation between FHA and vanadium (V) ion solution was proportional to the FFA content in the CPO samples and was analyzed using a spectrophotometric method. In order to develop a rapid detection system, the parameters involved in the aminolysis process were studied. The utilization of immobilized lipase as catalyst during the aminolysis process offers simplicity in the product isolation and the possibility of conducting the process under extreme reaction conditions. A good agreement was found between the developed method using immobilized Thermomyces lanuginose lipase as catalyst for the aminolysis process and the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) standard titration method (R2 = 0.9453).
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Mat Radzi S, Abd Rahman NJ, Mohd Noor H, Ariffin N. Improvement on the Catalytic Performance Using Dual Lipases System in the Synthesis of Ferulate Esters. APPLIED MECHANICS AND MATERIALS 2015; 754-755:902-906. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach of dual lipases system was successfully carried out in improving the synthesis of ferulate esters between ethyl ferulate and olive oil. Combination of Novozym 435 and Lipozyme RMIM were used as biocatalyst to improve the reaction performance. Different reaction parameters (ratio of lipases, reaction time, lipase dosage, substrate molar ratio and reaction temperature) were analyzed systematically. A high conversion of ferulate esters (85%) was obtained after 12 hrs of reaction time at optimal conditions of 1:9 w/w (Novozym 435/Lipozyme RMIM), 80 mg of lipase and 1:4 ethyl ferulate:olive oil at 60 oC.
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26
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Poppe JK, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC, Ayub MAZ. Enzymatic reactors for biodiesel synthesis: Present status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:511-25. [PMID: 25687275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are being extensively researched for the production of biodiesel as a "silver bullet" in order to avoid the drawbacks of the traditional alkaline transesterification. In this review, we analyzed the main factors involved in the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel, focusing in the choice of the immobilization protocol, and the parameters involved in the choice and configuration of the reactors. An extensive discussion is presented about the advantages and disadvantages of each type of reactor and their mode of operation. The current scenario of the market for enzymatic biodiesel and some future prospects and necessary developments are also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Kathiele Poppe
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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27
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Lipolytic potential of Aspergillus japonicus LAB01: production, partial purification, and characterisation of an extracellular lipase. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:108913. [PMID: 25530954 PMCID: PMC4230215 DOI: 10.1155/2014/108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipolytic potential of Aspergillus japonicus LAB01 was investigated by describing the catalytic properties and stability of a secreted extracellular lipase. Enzyme production was considered high under room temperature after 4 days using sunflower oil and a combination of casein with sodium nitrate. Lipase was partially purified by 3.9-fold, resulting in a 44.2% yield using ammonium sulphate precipitation (60%) quantified with Superose 12 HR gel filtration chromatography. The activity of the enzyme was maximised at pH 8.5, and the enzyme demonstrated stability under alkaline conditions. The optimum temperature was found to be 45°C, and the enzyme was stable for up to 100 minutes, with more than 80% of initial activity remaining after incubation at this temperature. Partially purified enzyme showed reasonable stability with triton X-100 and was activated in the presence of organic solvents (toluene, hexane, and methanol). Among the tested ions, only Cu2+, Ni2+, and Al3+ showed inhibitory effects. Substrate specificity of the lipase was higher for C14 among various p-nitrophenyl esters assayed. The KM and Vmax values of the purified enzyme for p-nitrophenyl palmitate were 0.13 mM and 12.58 umol/(L·min), respectively. These features render a novel biocatalyst for industrial applications.
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New strategy to apply perfluorodecalin as an oxygen carrier in lipase production: minimisation and reuse. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:721-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Influence of feedstock source on the biocatalyst stability and reactor performance in continuous biodiesel production. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Haigh KF, Vladisavljević GT, Reynolds JC, Nagy Z, Saha B. Kinetics of the pre-treatment of used cooking oil using Novozyme 435 for biodiesel production. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Kuo CH, Peng LT, Kan SC, Liu YC, Shieh CJ. Lipase-immobilized biocatalytic membranes for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 145:229-232. [PMID: 23357586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipase from Candida rugosa (Amano AY-30) has good transesterification activity and can be used for biodiesel production. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was grafted with 1,4-diaminobutane and activated by glutaraldehyde for C. rugosa lipase immobilization. After immobilization, the biocatalytic membrane was used for producing biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol via transesterification. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in combination with a 5-level-5-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, enzyme amount, substrate molar ratio and water content on the yield of soybean oil methyl ester. By ridge max analysis, the predicted and experimental yields under the optimum synthesis conditions were 97% and 95%, respectively. The lipase-immobilized PVDF membrane showed good reuse ability for biodiesel production, enabling operation for at least 165 h during five reuses of the batch, without significant loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Kuo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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32
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Combi-protein coated microcrystals of lipases for production of biodiesel from oil from spent coffee grounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2043-7129-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Replacing chemical catalysts with biocatalysts is a widely recognized goal of white biotechnology. For biocatalytic processes requiring low water containing media, enzymes for example commercial preparations of lipases, show low catalytic efficiencies. Some high activity preparations for addressing this concern have been described. Protein coated microcrystals (PCMC) constitute one such preparation. The present work describes a Combi-PCMC for synthesis of biodiesel from the oil extracted from spent coffee grounds.
Results
Different lipases were screened for biodiesel synthesis from crude coffee oil out of which Novozym 435 gave the best conversion of 60% in 4 h. Optimization of reaction conditions i.e. % water, temperature and purification of coffee oil further enhanced conversion upto 88% in 24 h. A mixture of Novozym 435 and a cheap commercially available 1,3-specific lipase RMIM (from Mucor miehei) was used in different ratios and 1:1 was found to be the best trade-off between conversion and cost. The commercial preparations then were replaced by a novel biocatalyst design called Combi-Protein coated microcrystals (Combi-PCMC) wherein CAL B and Palatase were co-immobilized with K2SO4 as the core and this performed equivalent to the commercial preparations giving 83% conversion in 48 h.
Conclusion
Coffee oil extracted from spent coffee grounds could be used for the synthesis of biodiesel by using appropriate commercial preparations of lipases. The expensive commercially immobilized preparations can also be replaced by a simpler and inexpensive immobilization design called combi-PCMC which synergizes the catalytic action of a nonspecific lipase CAL B and a free form of 1,3-specific lipase from Mucor miehei.
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Cheirsilp B, Louhasakul Y. Industrial wastes as a promising renewable source for production of microbial lipid and direct transesterification of the lipid into biodiesel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:329-337. [PMID: 23747444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two strategies of converting industrial wastes to microbial lipid and direct transesterification of obtained lipid into biodiesel were attempted. Several oleaginous yeasts were cultivated on industrial wastes. The yeasts grew well on the wastes with low C/N ratio (i.e. serum latex) but accumulated high lipid content only when the wastes had a high C/N ratio (i.e. palm oil mill effluent and crude glycerol). The yeast lipids have similar fatty acid composition to that of plant oil indicating their potential use as biodiesel feedstocks. The combination of these wastes and two-phase cultivation for cell growth and lipid accumulation improved lipid productivity of the selected yeast. The direct transesterification process that eliminates cell drying and lipid extraction steps, gave comparable yield of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester >70% within 1h) to that of conventional method. These two successful strategies may contribute greatly to industrializing oil production from microbes and industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand.
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Sun WJ, Zhao HX, Cui FJ, Li YH, Yu SL, Zhou Q, Qian JY, Dong Y. D-isoascorbyl palmitate: lipase-catalyzed synthesis, structural characterization and process optimization using response surface methodology. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:114. [PMID: 23835418 PMCID: PMC3716706 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of L-ascorbic acid, and widely used as a food antioxidant. However, its highly hydrophilic behavior prevents its application in cosmetics or fats and oils-based foods. To overcome this problem, D-isoascorbyl palmitate was synthesized in the present study for improving the isoascorbic acid’s oil solubility with an immobilized lipase in organic media. The structural information of synthesized product was clarified using LC-ESI-MS, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR analysis, and process parameters for high yield of D-isoascorbyl palmitate were optimized by using One–factor-at-a-time experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). Results The synthesized product had the purity of 95% and its structural characteristics were confirmed as isoascorbyl palmitate by LC-ESI-MS, FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR analysis. Results from “one–factor-at-a-time” experiments indicated that the enzyme load, reaction temperature and D-isoascorbic-to-palmitic acid molar ratio had a significant effect on the D-isoascorbyl palmitate conversion rate. 95.32% of conversion rate was obtained by using response surface methodology (RSM) under the the optimized condition: enzyme load of 20% (w/w), reaction temperature of 53°C and D- isoascorbic-to-palmitic acid molar ratio of 1:4 when the reaction parameters were set as: acetone 20 mL, 40 g/L of molecular sieves content, 200 rpm speed for 24-h reaction time. Conclusion The findings of this study can become a reference for developing industrial processes for the preparation of isoascorbic acid ester, which might be used in food additives, cosmetic formulations and for the synthesis of other isoascorbic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P,R, China.
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Kinetics of Liquid Lipase NS81006-Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Oil for Biodiesel Production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1088.2012.20638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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37
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Immobilization of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase onto the electrospun PAN nanofibrous membranes for transesterification reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Raita M, Laothanachareon T, Champreda V, Laosiripojana N. Biocatalytic esterification of palm oil fatty acids for biodiesel production using glycine-based cross-linked protein coated microcrystalline lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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