1
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Chan KK, Pereira AF, Valente AI, Tavares APM, Coutinho JAP, Ooi CW. Investigation of laccase activity in cholinium-based ionic liquids using experimental and molecular dynamics techniques. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134443. [PMID: 39217672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Laccases hold great potential for biotechnological applications, particularly in environmental pollutant remediation. Laccase activity is governed by the solvent environment, and ionic liquids (ILs) emerge as a versatile solvent for activation or stabilization of enzymes. Herein, effects of cholinium-based ILs formulated with carboxylic acids, inorganic acid, and amino acids as anionic species, on the catalytic activity of laccase from Trametes versicolor were investigated by experimental and computational approaches. Experimental results showed that laccase activity was enhanced by 21.39 % in 0.5 M cholinium dihydrogen citrate ([Cho][DHC]), in relation to the laccase activity in phosphate buffer medium. However, cholinium aminoate ILs negatively affected laccase activity, as evidenced by the partial deactivation of laccase in both cholinium glycinate and cholinium phenylalaninate, at concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.5 M, respectively. Molecular dynamics studies revealed that the enhancement of laccase activity in [Cho][DHC] might be attributed to the highly stabilized and compact structure of laccase, facilitating a better internal electron transfer during the laccase-substrate interactions. Enhanced catalytic performance of laccase in [Cho][DHC] was postulated to be driven by the high accumulation level of dihydrogen citrate anions around laccase's surface. [Cho][DHC] holds great promise as a cosolvent in laccase-catalyzed biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Khong Chan
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ana F Pereira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Valente
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P M Tavares
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Net-Zero Technology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Abdi Dezfouli R, Esmaeilidezfouli E. Optimizing laccase selection for enhanced outcomes: a comprehensive review. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38817737 PMCID: PMC11133268 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their widespread applications in sectors such as pulp and paper, textile, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel production, laccases encounter challenges related to their activity and stability under varying reaction conditions. This review accumulates data on the complex interplay between laccase characteristics and reaction conditions for maximizing their efficacy in diverse biotechnological processes. Benefits of organic media such as improved substrate selectivity and reaction control, and their risks such as enzyme denaturation and reduced activity are reported. Additionally, the effect of reaction conditions such as pH and temperature on laccase activity and stability are gathered and reported. Sources like Bacillus pumilus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus clausii, and Bacillus tequilensis SN4 are producing laccases that are both thermo-active and alkali-active. Additionally, changes induced by the presence of various substances within reaction media such as metals, inhibitors, and organic solvents are also reported. Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis LS04 produce the most resistant laccases in this case. Finally, the remarkable laccases have been highlighted and the proper laccase source for each industrial application is suggested. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04015-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Abdi Dezfouli
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411413137, Iran
| | - Ensieh Esmaeilidezfouli
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Marino I, Pignataro E, Danzi D, Cellini F, Cardellicchio C, Biundo A, Pisano I, Capozzi MAM. A comparative screening of laccase-mediator systems by white-rot fungi laccases for biocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21602. [PMID: 36517502 PMCID: PMC9751274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of value-added compounds from waste materials is of utmost importance for the development of a sustainable society especially regarding their use as catalysts in industrially relevant synthetic reactions. Herein, we show the production of laccases from four white-rot fungi, which were grown on agricultural residues, specifically Trametes versicolor 11269, Pleurotus ostreatus 1020, Panus tigrinus 707 and Lentinula edodes SC-495. The produced laccases were tested on a laccase-mediator system (LMS) for the biocatalytic oxidation of the model substrate benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. The LMS was carried out in the presence both of tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent and of the mediator 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) due to its high redox potential and its ability to perform the oxidation. Tolerance studies showed that the dialyzed solutions were able to tolerate 1% (99:1 v/v) of co-solvent, whereas a concentration of 10% v/v had a detrimental activity. Performances in the biocatalytic oxidation of laccase solutions from different purification steps were compared. Similar conversion was observed for laccase in dialysis (raw) and gel filtration (GF) product versus commercial T. versicolor laccase. The latter oxidized almost 99% of substrate while the other laccase solutions were able to reach a conversion from 91% for the laccase solution from P. tigrinus 707 after dialysis, to 50% for the laccase solution from P. ostreatus 1020 after gel filtration. This work highlights the potential of unpurified laccase solutions to be used as catalysts in synthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Marino
- Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, SS. Jonica 106, Km 448, 2, 75012 Bernalda, Italy
| | - Eugenia Pignataro
- Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, SS. Jonica 106, Km 448, 2, 75012 Bernalda, Italy ,grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Danzi
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellini
- Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, SS. Jonica 106, Km 448, 2, 75012 Bernalda, Italy
| | - Cosimo Cardellicchio
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326CNR ICCOM, Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Biundo
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisano
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata M. Capozzi
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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4
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Maltari R, Kontro J, Koivu K, Farooq M, Mikkilä J, Zhang R, Hildén K, Sipilä J, Nousiainen PA. Fractionation of Technical Lignin from Enzymatically Treated Steam-Exploded Poplar Using Ethanol and Formic Acid. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:9388-9398. [PMID: 36532889 PMCID: PMC9748740 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biorefineries produce lignin-rich side streams with high valorization potential concealed behind their recalcitrant structure. Valorization of these residues to chemicals, materials, and fuels increases the profitability of biorefineries. Fractionation is required to reduce the lignins' structural heterogeneity for further processing. We fractionated the technical biorefinery lignin received after steam explosion and saccharification processes. More homogeneous lignin fractions were produced with high β-O-4' and aromatic content without residual carbohydrates. Non-toxic biodegradable organic solvents like ethanol and formic acid were used for fractionation and can be adapted to the existing biorefinery processes. Macromolecular properties of the isolated fractions were carefully characterized by structural, chemical, and thermal methods. The ethanol organosolv treatment produced highly soluble lignin with a reasonable yield, providing a uniform material for lignin applications. The organosolv fractionation with formic acid and combined ethanol-formic acid produced modified lignins that, based on thermal analysis, are promising as thermoresponsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Maltari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio
1, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jussi Kontro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio
1, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Klaus Koivu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio
1, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
| | - Joona Mikkilä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio
1, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio
1, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio
1, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Paula A. Nousiainen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen Aukio
1, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
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5
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Chemical modification of laccase using phthalic and 2-octenyl succinic anhydrides: Enzyme characterization, stability, and its potential for clarification of cashew apple juice. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Tringali C. Laccase-mediated synthesis of bioactive natural products and their analogues. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:614-647. [PMID: 35755186 PMCID: PMC9175115 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are a class of multicopper oxidases that catalyse the one-electron oxidation of four equivalents of a reducing substrate, with the concomitant four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water. Typically, they catalyse many anabolic reactions, in which mostly phenolic metabolites were subjected to oxidative coupling. Alternatively, laccases catalyse the degradation or modification of biopolymers like lignin in catabolic processes. In recent years, laccases have proved valuable and green biocatalysts for synthesising compounds with therapeutic value, including antitumor, antibiotic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents. Further up to date applications include oxidative depolymerisation of lignin to gain new biomaterials and bioremediation processes of industrial waste. This review summarizes selected examples from the last decade's literature about the laccase-mediated synthesis of biologically active natural products and their analogues; these will include lignans and neolignans, dimeric stilbenoids, biflavonoids, biaryls and other compounds of potential interest for the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, a short section about applications of laccases in natural polymer modification has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
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7
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Kontro J, Lyra C, Koponen M, Kuuskeri J, Kähkönen MA, Wallenius J, Wan X, Sipilä J, Mäkelä MR, Nousiainen P, Hildén K. Production of Recombinant Laccase From Coprinopsis cinerea and Its Effect in Mediator Promoted Lignin Oxidation at Neutral pH. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:767139. [PMID: 34858962 PMCID: PMC8630700 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.767139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidases that use molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor to oxidize phenolic and indirectly also non-phenolic substrates by mechanisms involving radicals. Due to their eco-friendliness and broad substrate specificity, laccases span a wide range of biotechnological applications. We have heterologously expressed a laccase from the coprophilic basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea (CcLcc9) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant CcLcc9 (rCcLcc9) oxidized 2,6-dimethoxyphenol in the neutral pH range, and showed thermostability up to 70°C. The rCcLcc9 efficiently oxidized veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde in the presence of low molecular weight mediators syringyl nitrile, methyl syringate and violuric acid, which are syringyl-type plant phenolics that have shown potential as natural co-oxidants for lignocellulosic materials. In addition, rCcLcc9 is able to depolymerize biorefinery hardwood lignin in the presence of methyl syringate and syringyl nitrile as indicated by gel permeation chromatography, and infrared spectral and nucleic magnetic resonance analyses. Furthermore, we showed that several added-value aromatic compounds, such as vanillin, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, were formed during sequential biocatalytic chemical degradation of biorefinery lignin, indicating that rCcLcc9 harbors a great potential for sustainable processes of circular economy and modern biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Kontro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina Lyra
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Koponen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Kuuskeri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika A Kähkönen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Wallenius
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Nousiainen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Blaschek L, Pesquet E. Phenoloxidases in Plants-How Structural Diversity Enables Functional Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754601. [PMID: 34659324 PMCID: PMC8517187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of polyphenolic polymers is essential to the development and response to environmental changes of organisms from all kingdoms of life, but shows particular diversity in plants. In contrast to other biopolymers, whose polymerisation is catalysed by homologous gene families, polyphenolic metabolism depends on phenoloxidases, a group of heterogeneous oxidases that share little beyond the eponymous common substrate. In this review, we provide an overview of the differences and similarities between phenoloxidases in their protein structure, reaction mechanism, substrate specificity, and functional roles. Using the example of laccases (LACs), we also performed a meta-analysis of enzyme kinetics, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and machine-learning based protein structure modelling to link functions, evolution, and structures in this group of phenoloxidases. With these approaches, we generated a framework to explain the reported functional differences between paralogs, while also hinting at the likely diversity of yet undescribed LAC functions. Altogether, this review provides a basis to better understand the functional overlaps and specificities between and within the three major families of phenoloxidases, their evolutionary trajectories, and their importance for plant primary and secondary metabolism.
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Mikkilä J, Trogen M, Koivu KAY, Kontro J, Kuuskeri J, Maltari R, Dekere Z, Kemell M, Mäkelä MR, Nousiainen PA, Hummel M, Sipilä J, Hildén K. Fungal Treatment Modifies Kraft Lignin for Lignin- and Cellulose-Based Carbon Fiber Precursors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6130-6140. [PMID: 32226896 PMCID: PMC7098016 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The kraft lignin's low molecular weight and too high hydroxyl content hinder its application in bio-based carbon fibers. In this study, we were able to polymerize kraft lignin and reduce the amount of hydroxyl groups by incubating it with the white-rot fungus Obba rivulosa. Enzymatic radical oxidation reactions were hypothesized to induce condensation of lignin, which increased the amount of aromatic rings connected by carbon-carbon bonds. This modification is assumed to be beneficial when aiming for graphite materials such as carbon fibers. Furthermore, the ratio of remaining aliphatic hydroxyls to phenolic hydroxyls was increased, making the structure more favorable for carbon fiber production. When the modified lignin was mixed together with cellulose, the mixture could be spun into intact precursor fibers by using dry-jet wet spinning. The modified lignin leaked less to the spin bath compared with the unmodified lignin starting material, making the recycling of spin-bath solvents easier. The stronger incorporation of modified lignin in the precursor fibers was confirmed by composition analysis, thermogravimetry, and mechanical testing. This work shows how white-rot fungal treatment can be used to modify the structure of lignin to be more favorable for the production of bio-based fiber materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joona Mikkilä
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- .
Tel.: +358504413086
| | - Mikaela Trogen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Klaus A. Y. Koivu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Kontro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Kuuskeri
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Maltari
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zane Dekere
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia R. Mäkelä
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula A. Nousiainen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Dillies J, Vivien C, Chevalier M, Rulence A, Châtaigné G, Flahaut C, Senez V, Froidevaux R. Enzymatic depolymerization of industrial lignins by laccase‐mediator systems in 1,4‐dioxane/water. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:774-782. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Dillies
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 ICV ‐ Institut Charles Viollette Avenue Paul Langevin – Cité scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
- Université Lille, CNRS, ISEN, Université Valenciennes, UMR 8520 IEMN‐ Institut d'Electronique, de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie Avenue Poincaré‐ Cité scientifique CS‐60069 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
- Agence de l'environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie 20 avenue du Grésillé‐ BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 01 France
| | - Céline Vivien
- Université Lille, CNRS, ISEN, Université Valenciennes, UMR 8520 IEMN‐ Institut d'Electronique, de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie Avenue Poincaré‐ Cité scientifique CS‐60069 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
| | - Mickael Chevalier
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 ICV ‐ Institut Charles Viollette Avenue Paul Langevin – Cité scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
| | - Alexandre Rulence
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 ICV ‐ Institut Charles Viollette Avenue Paul Langevin – Cité scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
| | - Gabrielle Châtaigné
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 ICV ‐ Institut Charles Viollette Avenue Paul Langevin – Cité scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 ICV ‐ Institut Charles Viollette Avenue Paul Langevin – Cité scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
| | - Vincent Senez
- Université Lille, CNRS, ISEN, Université Valenciennes, UMR 8520 IEMN‐ Institut d'Electronique, de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie Avenue Poincaré‐ Cité scientifique CS‐60069 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
| | - Renato Froidevaux
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 ICV ‐ Institut Charles Viollette Avenue Paul Langevin – Cité scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq F‐59000 Lille France
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11
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Kwiatos N, Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Krzemińska A, Delavari A, Paneth P, Bielecki S. Evolved Fusarium oxysporum laccase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3244. [PMID: 32094483 PMCID: PMC7039978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum laccase was functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and engineered towards higher expression levels and higher reactivity towards 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, that could be used as a mediator for lignin modification. A combination of classical culture optimization and protein engineering led to around 30 times higher activity in the culture supernatant. The winner mutant exhibited three times lower Km, four times higher kcat and ten times higher catalytic efficiency than the parental enzyme. The strategy for laccase engineering was composed of a combination of random methods with a rational approach based on QM/MM MD studies of the enzyme complex with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. Laccase mediator system with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol caused fulvic acids release from biosolubilized coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kwiatos
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krzemińska
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 219, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wróblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Liu Y, Luo G, Ngo HH, Guo W, Zhang S. Advances in thermostable laccase and its current application in lignin-first biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122511. [PMID: 31839492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant aromatic polymers on the Earth, lignin has great potential to produce biofuels and aromatic chemicals due to their high carbon content and low oxygen content. Lignin-first biorefinery methods have attracted increasing attention recently for their high-value of aromatic chemicals, and high biofuels productivity from lignocellulosic wastes. Thermostable laccase has proven to be an excellent alternative catalyst in degrading lignin for its versatile catalytic abilities under industrial conditions and pollution-free by-products. Thermostable laccases can be found in native extreme environments or modified by biologically based technologies such as gene recombination expression and enzyme direct evolution. This review demonstrated thermostable laccases and their application in lignin degradation. Future research should focus more on the investigation of the reaction of thermostable laccases with lignin substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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13
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Zhuo R, Zhang J, Yu H, Ma F, Zhang X. The roles of Pleurotus ostreatus HAUCC 162 laccase isoenzymes in decolorization of synthetic dyes and the transformation pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:733-745. [PMID: 31234090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungal laccases have shown great potential in industrial and environmental applications. They are generally produced as laccase isoenzymes. Thus, to further study the properties of different laccase isoenzymes and their performance in bio-remediation is essential for a deep understanding of laccase function and application. In this study, three Pleurotus ostreatus HAUCC 162 laccase isoenzymes were heterologously expressed, and the effects of different inhibitors, metal ions, and organic solvents on the activity of recombinant laccases were evaluated. In the dye decolorization test, LACC6 showed the highest ability to remove Malachite green (MG), Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Bromophenol blue (BB), and Methyl orange (MO) among the three recombinant laccases. Removal rates within 24 h were 91.5%, 84.9%, 79.1%, and 73.1% for MG (100 mg/L), RBBR (100 mg/L), BB (100 mg/L), and MO (100 mg/L), respectively. The MG and RBBR transformation pathways were proposed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Based on the results of this work, the production of recombinant LACC6 or improving the portion of LACC6 in the crude extracellular laccase may advance synthetic dye removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Institute of Plant and Microbiology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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14
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Runeberg PA, Brusentsev Y, Rendon SMK, Eklund PC. Oxidative Transformations of Lignans. Molecules 2019; 24:E300. [PMID: 30650623 PMCID: PMC6359405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous oxidative transformations of lignan structures have been reported in the literature. In this paper we present an overview on the current findings in the field. The focus is put on transformations targeting a specific structure, a specific reaction, or an interconversion of the lignan skeleton. Oxidative transformations related to biosynthesis, antioxidant measurements, and total syntheses are mostly excluded. Non-metal mediated as well as metal mediated oxidations are reported, and mechanisms based on hydrogen abstractions, epoxidations, hydroxylations, and radical reactions are discussed for the transformation and interconversion of lignan structures. Enzymatic oxidations, photooxidation, and electrochemical oxidations are also briefly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik A Runeberg
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Yury Brusentsev
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Sabine M K Rendon
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Patrik C Eklund
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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15
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Catalytic Efficiency of Basidiomycete Laccases: Redox Potential versus Substrate-Binding Pocket Structure. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are copper-containing oxidases that catalyze a one-electron abstraction from various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds with concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. It is well-known that laccases from various sources have different substrate specificities, but it is not completely clear what exactly provides these differences. The purpose of this work was to study the features of the substrate specificity of four laccases from basidiomycete fungi Trametes hirsuta, Coriolopsis caperata, Antrodiella faginea, and Steccherinum murashkinskyi, which have different redox potentials of the T1 copper center and a different structure of substrate-binding pockets. Enzyme activity toward 20 monophenolic substances and 4 phenolic dyes was measured spectrophotometrically. The kinetic parameters of oxidation of four lignans and lignan-like substrates were determined by monitoring of the oxygen consumption. For the oxidation of the high redox potential (>700 mV) monophenolic substrates and almost all large substrates, such as phenolic dyes and lignans, the redox potential difference between the enzyme and the substrate (ΔE) played the defining role. For the low redox potential monophenolic substrates, ΔE did not directly influence the laccase activity. Also, in the special cases, the structure of the large substrates, such as dyes and lignans, as well as some structural features of the laccases (flexibility of the substrate-binding pocket loops and some amino acid residues in the key positions) affected the resulting catalytic efficiency.
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16
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Mattinen ML, Valle-Delgado JJ, Leskinen T, Anttila T, Riviere G, Sipponen M, Paananen A, Lintinen K, Kostiainen M, Österberg M. Enzymatically and chemically oxidized lignin nanoparticles for biomaterial applications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 111:48-56. [PMID: 29421036 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked and decolorized lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared enzymatically and chemically from softwood Kraft lignin. Colloidal lignin particles (CLPs, ca. 200 nm) in a non-malodorous aqueous dispersion could be dried and redispersed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or in water retaining their stability i.e. spherical shape and size. Two fungal laccases, Trametes hirsuta (ThL) and Melanocarpus albomyces (MaL) were used in the cross-linking reactions. Reactivity of ThL and MaL on Lignoboost™ lignin and LNPs was confirmed by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and oxygen consumption measurements with simultaneous detection of red-brown color due to the formation of quinones. Zeta potential measurements verified oxidation of LNPs via formation of surface-oriented carboxylic acid groups. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed minor changes in the particle size distributions of LNPs after laccase catalyzed radicalization, indicating preferably covalent intraparticular cross-linking over polymerization. Changes in the surface morphology of laccase treated LNPs were imaged by atomic force (AFM) and transmission emission (TEM) microscopy. Furthermore, decolorization of LNPs without degradation was obtained using ultrasonication with H2O2 in alkaline reaction conditions. The research results have high impact for the utilization of Kraft lignin as nanosized colloidal particles in advanced bionanomaterial applications in medicine, foods and cosmetics including different sectors from chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija-Liisa Mattinen
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Timo Leskinen
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Anttila
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Guillaume Riviere
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mika Sipponen
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Arja Paananen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Kalle Lintinen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mauri Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Monika Österberg
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
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17
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Degradation and polymerization of monolignols by Abortiporus biennis, and induction of its degradation with a reducing agent. J Microbiol 2016; 54:675-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Roth S, Spiess AC. Laccases for biorefinery applications: a critical review on challenges and perspectives. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2285-313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Chen M, Zeng G, Lai C, Li J, Xu P, Wu H. Molecular basis of laccase bound to lignin: insight from comparative studies on the interaction of Trametes versicolor laccase with various lignin model compounds. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07916k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding orientation of lignin model compounds in laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Jian Li
- Department of River
- Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute
- Wuhan 430010
- China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Haipeng Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
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20
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Can laccases catalyze bond cleavage in lignin? Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Nousiainen P, Kontro J, Manner H, Hatakka A, Sipilä J. Phenolic mediators enhance the manganese peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of recalcitrant lignin model compounds and synthetic lignin. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 72:137-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Hahn V, Mikolasch A, Schauer F. Cleavage and synthesis function of high and low redox potential laccases towards 4-morpholinoaniline and aminated as well as chlorinated phenols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1609-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Lahtinen M, Heinonen P, Oivanen M, Karhunen P, Kruus K, Sipilä J. On the factors affecting product distribution in laccase-catalyzed oxidation of a lignin model compound vanillyl alcohol: experimental and computational evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5454-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Maijala P, Mäkinen M, Galkin S, Fagerstedt K, Härkäsalmi T, Viikari L. Enzymatic modification of flaxseed fibers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10903-9. [PMID: 23098092 DOI: 10.1021/jf303965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibers were modified by oxidoreductive and cellulolytic enzymes. The lignin amount and intrinsic plant peroxidase activity was evaluated by histochemical and spectrophotometric assays. Peroxidase activity was not found from bast fibers. The flaxseed fibers were further separated and treated with laccase to conjugate the model compounds, that is, the hydrophobic gallate molecules on fiber surfaces. Laccase was able to slowly oxidize fiber-conjugated phenolics, but no fundamental changes in fiber cell surface structure or notable coupling of the applied hydrophobic gallate molecules onto the fibers occurred, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The reactivity of the mature fibers was further investigated using cellulolytic enzymes. Cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and endoglucanase (EG)-rich enzyme preparations were applied to reach a hydrolysis degree of 1-6% (of the fiber dry matter) using a standard enzyme dosage. The CBH mixture altered the fiber surface morphology distinctly, and SEM images illustrated fibers in which the cellulose fibrils seemed to be loosened and partially hydrolyzed. In contrast, the effect of the EG-rich preparation without CBH activity was notable on the fiber surface, polishing the surfaces. The cellulolytic treatments were potentially interesting for specific enzymatic modifications of flax fiber surfaces, whereas the approach to use oxidoreductive enzyme treatments on mature linseed fibers offered little potential, obviously due to the low lignin content of the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Maijala
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 11), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Moya R, Saastamoinen P, Hernández M, Suurnäkki A, Arias E, Mattinen ML. Reactivity of bacterial and fungal laccases with lignin under alkaline conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10006-12. [PMID: 21908186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Streptomyces ipomoea laccase to polymerize secoisolariciresinol lignan and technical lignins was assessed. The reactivity of S. ipomoea laccase was also compared to that of low redox fungal laccase from Melanocarpus albomyces using low molecular mass p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acid as well as natural (acetosyringone) and synthetic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediators as substrates. Oxygen consumption measurement, MALDI-TOF MS and SEC were used to follow the enzymatic reactions at pH 7, 8, 9 and 10 at 30°C and 50°C. Polymerization of lignins and lignan by S. ipomoea laccase under alkaline reaction conditions was observed, and was enhanced in the presence of acetosyringone almost to the level obtained with M. albomyces laccase without mediator. Reactivities of the enzymes towards acetosyringone and TEMPO were similar, suggesting exploitation of the compounds and low redox laccase in lignin valorization under alkaline conditions. The results have scientific impact on basic research of laccases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moya
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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