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Hu C, Wang Y, Wang W, Cui W, Jia X, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Su J, Yuan Y. A trapped covalent intermediate as a key catalytic element in the hydrolysis of a GH3 β-glucosidase: An X-ray crystallographic and biochemical study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131131. [PMID: 38527679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are industrially important enzymes that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds in glycoconjugates. In this study, we found a GH3 β-glucosidase (CcBgl3B) from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans sp. 21 was able to selectively hydrolyze the β-1,6-glucosidic bond linked glucose of ginsenosides. X-ray crystallographic studies of the ligand complex ginsenoside-specific β-glucosidase provided a novel finding that support the catalytic mechanism of GH3. The substrate was clearly identified within the catalytic center of wild-type CcBgl3B, revealing that the C1 atom of the glucose was covalently bound to the Oδ1 group of the conserved catalytic nucleophile Asp264 as an enzyme-glycosyl intermediate. The glycosylated Asp264 could be identified by mass spectrometry. Through site-directed mutagenesis studies with Asp264, it was found that the covalent intermediate state formed by Asp264 and the substrate was critical for catalysis. In addition, Glu525 variants (E525A, E525Q and E525D) showed no or marginal activity against pNPβGlc; thus, this residue could supply a proton for the reaction. Overall, our study provides an insight into the catalytic mechanism of the GH3 enzyme CcBgl3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Weiyang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science & Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wanli Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiyong Su
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Li W, Li H, Zheng L, Xia J, Yang X, Men S, Yuan Y, Fan Y. Ginsenoside CK improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance by activating DRP1/PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Food Funct 2023; 14:1024-1036. [PMID: 36562271 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the main cause of type 2 diabetes, and mitochondria play a key role. Ginsenoside CK is the main active compound of ginseng with a variety of therapeutic effects, but few studies have reported on its mechanism towards skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Here, we found that CK significantly increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, thereby alleviating hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, the effects of CK on skeletal muscle were associated with an improved mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics balance and fatty acid oxidation. In fatty acid (FA)-induced C2C12 cells, CK promoted the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane to improve glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis and also enhanced the mitochondrial quality. CK ameliorated the damaged mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which was based on mitophagy activation. After the knockdown of mitophagy-related receptors, we found that DRP1/PINK1 was the key pathway of CK-induced mitophagy. These findings indicated that ginsenoside CK is a promising lead compound against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lujuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jing Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuhan Men
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yuying Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Zhang H, Zhu H, Luo X, Deng Y, Zhang W, Li S, Liang J, Pang Z. Enzymatic biotransformation of Rb3 from the leaves of Panax notoginseng to ginsenoside rd by a recombinant β-xylosidase from Thermoascus aurantiacus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:21. [PMID: 36422714 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Given the important pharmacological activity of ginsenoside Rd but its low content in plants, the production of Rd by enzymatic transformation is of interest. In this study, a β-xylosidase gene Ta-XylQS from Thermoascus aurantiacus was cloned and overexpressed in Komagataella phaffii. Purified recombinant Ta-XylQS specifically hydrolyzes substrates with xylosyl residues at the optimal pH of 3.5 and temperature of 60 °C. This study established a process for producing Rd by transforming ginsenoside Rb3 in the saponins of Panax notoginseng leaves via recombinant Ta-XylQS. After 60 h, 3 g L- 1 of Rb3 was transformed into 1.46 g L- 1 of Rd, and the maximum yield of Rd reached 4.31 g kg- 1 of Panax notoginseng leaves. This study is the first report of the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb3 to Rd via a β-xylosidase, and the established process could potentially be adopted for the commercial production of Rd from Rb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China
| | - Hongxi Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuyuan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanzhen Deng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China
| | - Shubo Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China
| | - Jingjuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China
| | - Zongwen Pang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China.
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Zheng F, Zhao H, Wang N, Zhong P, Zhou K, Yu S. Cloning and characterization of thermophilic endoglucanase and its application in the transformation of ginsenosides. AMB Express 2022; 12:136. [DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA novel endoglucanase (BcelFp) was identified from Fervidobaterium pennivorans DSM9078 which had biotransformation activity for protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides. Sequence analysis of BcelFp revealed that it could be classified into glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5). The gene encoding a 323-amino acid protein was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified, and its molecular weight was approximate 37 kDa. The recombinant BcelFp exhibited an optimal activity at 95 oC and pH 5.5 and showed high thermostability. The endoglucanase had high selectivity for cleaving the outer glucose moiety at the C3 carbon of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd, which produced stronger pharmacologically active gypenoside XVII (GypXVII), Compound O (CO), Compound Mc1 (CMc1) and F2, respectively. The Km values for Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd were 3.66 ± 0.04 µM, 4.02 ± 0.12 µM, 5.95 ± 0.03 µM, 0.67 ± 0.006 µM, respectively. The kcat/Km value of BcelFp for ginsenoside Rd was 27.91 mM-1s-1, which was much higher than that of the previously enzymes. This study was the first report of the highly efficient and selective transformation of GypXVII, CO, CMc1 and F2 from Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by a GH5-family thermophilic endoglucanase.
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Yang S, Liu T, Hu C, Li W, Meng Y, Li H, Song C, He C, Zhou Y, Fan Y. Ginsenoside Compound K Protects against Obesity through Pharmacological Targeting of Glucocorticoid Receptor to Activate Lipophagy and Lipid Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061192. [PMID: 35745765 PMCID: PMC9231161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays a key role in lipid metabolism, but investigations of GR activation as a potential therapeutic approach have been hampered by a lack of selective agonists. Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is natural small molecule with a steroid-like structure that offers a variety of therapeutic benefits. Our study validates CK as a novel GR agonist for the treatment of obesity. (2) Methods: By using pulldown and RNA interference, we determined that CK binds to GR. The anti-obesity potential effects of CK were investigated in obese mice, including through whole-body energy homeostasis, glucose and insulin tolerance, and biochemical and proteomic analysis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified GR binding sites upstream of lipase ATGL. (3) Results: We demonstrated that CK reduced the weight and blood lipids of mice more significantly than the drug Orlistat. Proteomics data showed that CK up-regulated autophagy regulatory proteins, enhanced fatty acid oxidation proteins, and decreased fatty acid synthesis proteins. CK induced lipophagy with the initial formation of the phagophore via AMPK/ULK1 activation. However, a blockade of autophagy did not disturb the increase in CK on lipase expression, suggesting that autophagy and lipase are independent pathways in the function of CK. The pulldown and siRNA experiments showed that GR is the critical target. After binding to GR, CK not only activated lipophagy, but also promoted the binding of GR to the ATGL promoter. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CK is a natural food candidate for reducing fat content and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chenxing Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Weili Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Haiyang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuying Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.F.)
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Hu Y, Zhai L, Hong H, Shi Z, Zhao J, Liu D. Study on the Biochemical Characterization and Selectivity of Three β-Glucosidases From Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC15703. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860014. [PMID: 35464910 PMCID: PMC9024363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three β-glucosidases from Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC15703, namely, BaBgl1A, BaBgl3A, and BaBgl3B, were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant β-glucosidases were sufficiently purified using Ni2+ affinity chromatography, and BaBgl1A exhibited the best purification efficiency with a purification factor of 2.3-fold and specific activity of 71.2 U/mg. Three recombinant β-glucosidases acted on p-nitrophenyl-β-glucopyranoside (pNPβGlc) at around pH 7.0 and 30–50°C. The results of the substrate specificity assay suggested that BaBgl1A acted exclusively as β-1,2-glucosidase, while BaBgl3A and BaBgl3B acted mostly as β-1,3-glucosidase and β-1,4-glucosidase, respectively. The substrate specificity of the three recombinant enzymes was further studied using the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd as substrates. The results of thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that BaBgl1A exhibited the highest bioconversion ability on Rb1 and Rd, where it hydrolyzed the outer C-3 glucose moieties of Rb1 and Rd into the rare ginsenosides Gypenoside XVII and F2; BaBgl3A exhibited medium bioconversion ability on Rb1, where it hydrolyzed both the outer C-3 and C-20 glucose moieties of Rb1 into Gyp XVII and Rd; and BaBgl3B was not active on Rb1 and Rd. These β-glucosidases will act as new biocatalytic tools for transforming ginsenosides and preparing active glycosides and aglycone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Liyuan Zhai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Huili Hong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Zenghui Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zhao,
| | - Duo Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
- Duo Liu,
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Bertel-Sevilla A, Cervantes-Ceballos L, Tirado-Ballestas I, Maldonado-Rojas W, Alzate-Restrepo J, Olivero-Verbel J. Biodegradation of biodiesel-oil by Cellulosimicrobium sp. Isolated from Colombian Caribbean soils. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2337-2349. [PMID: 30596345 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1564798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered to be a natural substitute for fossil fuel. The comparatively low toxicity of biodiesel and its susceptibility to microbial biodegradation could reduce its environmental impact. Currently, biodiesel is sold previously mixed with petroleum-based hydrocarbons. The aim of this work was to measure the biodegradation potential of commercially available biodiesel, using bacterial strains (BBCOL-001, BBCOL-002, and BBCOL-003) isolated from a tropical forest soils in the Colombian Caribbean. According to nucleotide sequencing of the gene encoding for 16S rRNA, the strains belong to members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. GC-MS analysis showed that biodiesel-oil alkanes were degraded by an average of 81.5% with optical density reaching 0.2-0.3 in minimal salt media at 37°C for 5 days. Individual diesel-oil alkanes were degraded by the strains at rates between 64.9% to 100%. The increase in bacterial biomass confirmed the use of the substrates by the microorganisms, suggesting these hydrocarbons are a carbon source. Changes in the biochemical behaviour of the strains suggested their capacity to adapt to environmental conditions might be an important resource for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bertel-Sevilla
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Irina Tirado-Ballestas
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Wilson Maldonado-Rojas
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Juan Alzate-Restrepo
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Cloning and Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Hydrolyzing α-L-Arabinofuranosidase, CaAraf51, From Cellulosimicrobium aquatile Lyp51. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2783-2791. [PMID: 32535650 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Moutai Jiuqu is a famous aromatic raw material of Maotai flavor liquor in China. It is brewed at high temperature and contains many kinds of bacteria, molds, and yeasts. There are many useful glycoside hydrolases in these microfloras, from which efficient glycoside hydrolases can be screened for biotransformation of natural saponins. In this study, an α-L-arabinofuranosidase gene (CaAraf51, 1524 bp, 507 amino acid, 55.07 kDa, and pI = 4.8) was cloned from Cellulosimicrobium aquatile Lyp51, which was isolated from the Maotai Jiuqu. The CaAraf51 was heterogeneously expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by N-terminal His-tag with the Ni2+-affinity column chromatography. The results show that purified CaAraf51 has a 6.8-fold purification factor and specific activity of 15 U/mg. Under optimal conditions (pH 5.0, temperature 40 °C), kinetic parameters Km of CaAraf51 for pNPαAraf and Rc were 1.1 and 0.57 mM, the Vmax were 25 and 6.25 μmol/min/mg, respectively. 90% of 0.87 mg Rc substrate can be transformed by 9.6 U purified CaAraf51 in 1 mL reaction system under suitable conditions (30 °C, pH 7.5 phosphate buffer, 1 h). In addition, we also tested the effects of metal ions and chemical agents on the activity of CaAraf51. According to systematically studied its function and enzymatic properties, CaAraf51 has excellent value and potential of biotransformation Rc into Rd.
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Geraldi A, Ni'matuzahroh, Fatimah, Cui CH, Nguyen TT, Kim SC. Enzymatic biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 by recombinant β-glucosidase of bacterial isolates from Indonesia. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Ginsenoside Re impacts on biotransformation products of ginsenoside Rb1 by Cellulosimicrobium cellulans sp. 21 and its mechanisms. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Yuan Y, Xu F, Yao J, Hu Y, Wang J, Zhao T, Zhou Y, Gao J. Cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a GH1 β-glucosidase from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1395415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Fenghua Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yanho Hu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
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Qin W, Fan F, Zhu Y, Huang X, Ding A, Liu X, Dou J. Anaerobic biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene by a novel Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CWS2 isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:258-268. [PMID: 29102294 PMCID: PMC5913828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CWS2, a novel strain capable of utilizing benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon and energy source under nitrate-reducing conditions, was isolated from PAH-contaminated soil. Temperature and pH significantly affected BaP biodegradation, and the strain exhibited enhanced biodegradation ability at temperatures above 30 °C and between pH 7 and 10. The highest BaP removal rate (78.8%) was observed in 13 days when the initial BaP concentration was 10 mg/L, and the strain degraded BaP at constant rate even at a higher concentration (50 mg/L). Metal exposure experimental results illustrated that Cd(II) was the only metal ion that significantly inhibited biodegradation of BaP. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 g/L glucose enhanced BaP biodegradation, while the addition of low-molecular-weight organic acids with stronger acidity reduced BaP removal rates during co-metabolic biodegradation. The addition of phenanthrene and pyrene, which were degraded to some extent by the strain, showed no distinct effect on BaP biodegradation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the five rings of BaP opened, producing compounds with one to four rings which were more bioavailable. Thus, the strain exhibited strong BaP degradation capability and has great potential in the remediation of BaP-/PAH-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Beijing Normal University, College of Water Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Fan
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control Laboratory, St. John's, Canada
| | - Yi Zhu
- Beijing Normal University, College of Water Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Beijing Normal University, College of Water Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aizhong Ding
- Beijing Normal University, College of Water Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Tsinghua University, School of Environment, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Dou
- Beijing Normal University, College of Water Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Genome sequencing of strain Cellulosimicrobium sp. TH-20 with ginseng biotransformation ability. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:237. [PMID: 28698996 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation for increasing the pharmaceutical effect of ginsenosides is getting more and more attractions. Strain Cellulosimicrobium sp. TH-20 isolated from ginseng soil samples was identified to produce enzymes contributing to its excellent biotransformation activity against ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng. Based on phylogenetic tree and homology analysis, the strain can be designated as Cellulosimicrobium sp. Genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina Miseq to explore the functional genes involved in ginsenoside transformation. The draft genome of Cellulosimicrobium sp. TH-20 encoded 3450 open reading frames, 51 tRNA, and 9 rRNA. All ORFs were annotated using NCBI BLAST with non-redundant proteins, Gene Ontology, Cluster of Orthologous Gene, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. A total of 11 genes were selected based on the functional annotation analysis. These genes are relevant to ginsenoside biotransformation, including 6 for beta-glucosidase, 1 for alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase, 1 for alpha-1,6-glucosidase, 1 for endo-1,4-beta-xylanase, 1 for alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, and 1 for beta-galactosidase. These glycosidases were predicted to catalyze the hydrolysis of sugar moieties attached to the aglycon of ginsenosides and led to the transformation of PPD-type and PPT-type ginsenosides.
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Characterization of a recombinant multifunctional glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-xylosidase/α-l-arabinofuranosidase/β-glucosidase from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans sp. 21. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xiu Y, Zhao H, Gao Y, Liu W, Liu S. Chemical transformation of ginsenoside Re by a heteropoly acid investigated using HPLC-MSn/HRMS. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and pathway of heteropoly acid-derived chemical transformation of ginsenoside Re are investigated using multistage tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Huanxi Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
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