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Krześniak M, Łasut-Szyszka B, Będzińska A, Gdowicz-Kłosok A, Rusin M. The Strong Activation of p53 Tumor Suppressor Drives the Synthesis of the Enigmatic Isoform of DUSP13 Protein. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1449. [PMID: 39062022 PMCID: PMC11274236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein activates various sets of genes depending on its covalent modifications, which are controlled by the nature and intensity of cellular stress. We observed that actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (A + N) collaborate in inducing activating phosphorylation of p53. Our recent transcriptomic data demonstrated that these substances strongly synergize in the upregulation of DUSP13, a gene with an unusual pattern of expression, coding for obscure phosphatase having two isoforms, one expressed in the testes and the other in skeletal muscles. In cancer cells exposed to A + N, DUSP13 is expressed from an alternative promoter in the intron, resulting in the expression of an isoform named TMDP-L1. Luciferase reporter tests demonstrated that this promoter is activated by both endogenous and ectopically expressed p53. We demonstrated for the first time that mRNA expressed from this promoter actually produces the protein, which can be detected with Western blotting, in all examined cancer cell lines with wild-type p53 exposed to A + N. In some cell lines, it is also induced by clinically relevant camptothecin, by nutlin-3a acting alone, or by a combination of actinomycin D and other antagonists of p53-MDM2 interaction-idasanutlin or RG7112. This isoform, fused with green fluorescent protein, localizes in the perinuclear region of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (B.Ł.-S.); (A.B.); (A.G.-K.)
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2
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Arnon J, Zick A, Maoz M, Salaymeh N, Gugenheim A, Marouani M, Mor E, Hamburger T, Saadi N, Elia A, Ganz G, Fahham D, Meirovitz A, Kadouri L, Meiner V, Yablonski-Peretz T, Shkedi-Rafid S. Clinical and genetic characteristics of carriers of the TP53 c.541C > T, p.Arg181Cys pathogenic variant causing hereditary cancer in patients of Arab-Muslim descent. Fam Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10689-024-00391-2. [PMID: 38743206 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
TP53 pathogenic variants cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), with some variants causing an attenuated phenotype. Herein, we describe the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of carriers of NM_000546.6 (TP53): c.541C > T, (p.Arg181Cys) treated at Hadassah Medical Center. We retrospectively examined our genetic databases to identify all carriers of TP53 p.Arg181Cys. We reached out to carriers and their relatives and collected clinical and demographic data, lifestyle factors, carcinogenic exposures as well as additional blood samples for genetic testing and whole exome sequencing. Between 2005 and 2022 a total of 2875 cancer patients underwent genetic testing using genetic panels, whole exome sequencing or targeted TP53 assays. A total of 30 cancer patients, all of Arab-Muslim descent, were found to be carriers of TP53 p.Arg181Cys, the majority from Jerusalem and Hebron, two of which were homozygous for the variant. Carriers were from 24 distinct families of them, 15 families (62.5%) met updated Chompret criteria for LFS. Median age of diagnosis was 35 years-old (range 1-69) with cancers characteristic of LFS (16 Breast cancer; 6 primary CNS tumors; 3 sarcomas) including 4 children with choroid plexus carcinoma, medulloblastoma, or glioblastoma. A total of 21 healthy carriers of TP53 p.Arg181Cys were identified at a median age of 39 years-old (range 2-54)-19 relatives and 2 additional pediatric non-cancer patients, in which the finding was incidental. We report a shared haplotype of 350kb among carriers, limited co-morbidities and low BMI in both cancer patients and healthy carriers. There were no demographic factors or carcinogenic exposures unique to carriers who developed malignancy. Upon exome analysis no other known pathogenic variants in cancer predisposing genes were identified. TP53 p.Arg181Cys is a founder pathogenic variant predominant to the Arab-Muslim population in Jerusalem and Hebron, causing attenuated-LFS. We suggest strict surveillance in established carriers and encourage referral to genetic testing for all cancer patients of Arab-Muslim descent in this region with LFS-associated malignancies as well as family members of established carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Arnon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Aviad Zick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Myriam Maoz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nada Salaymeh
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahinoam Gugenheim
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - MazalTov Marouani
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eden Mor
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Hamburger
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nagam Saadi
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Elia
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gael Ganz
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Duha Fahham
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luna Kadouri
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Yablonski-Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shiri Shkedi-Rafid
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Łasut-Szyszka B, Gdowicz-Kłosok A, Małachowska B, Krześniak M, Będzińska A, Gawin M, Pietrowska M, Rusin M. Transcriptomic and proteomic study of cancer cell lines exposed to actinomycin D and nutlin-3a reveals numerous, novel candidates for p53-regulated genes. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110946. [PMID: 38460933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses have revealed hundreds of p53-regulated genes; however, these studies used a limited number of cell lines and p53-activating agents. Therefore, we searched for candidate p53-target genes by employing stress factors and cell lines never before used in a high-throughput search for p53-regulated genes. We performed RNA-Seq on A549 cells exposed to camptothecin, actinomycin D, nutlin-3a, as well as a combination of actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (A + N). The latter two substances synergise upon the activation of selected p53-target genes. A similar analysis was performed on other cell lines (U-2 OS, NCI-H460, A375) exposed to A + N. To identify proteins in cell lysates or those secreted into a medium of A549 cells in control conditions or treated with A + N, we employed mass spectrometry. The expression of selected genes strongly upregulated by A + N or camptothecin was examined by RT-PCR in p53-deficient cells and their controls. We found that p53 participates in the upregulation of: ACP5, APOL3, CDH3, CIBAR2, CRABP2, CTHRC1, CTSH, FAM13C, FBXO2, FRMD8, FRZB, GAST, ICOSLG, KANK3, KCNK6, KLRG2, MAFB, MR1, NDRG4, PTAFR, RETSAT, TMEM52, TNFRSF14, TRANK1, TYSND1, WFDC2, WFDC5, WNT4 genes. Twelve of these proteins were detected in the secretome and/or proteome of treated cells. Our data generated new hypotheses concerning the functioning of p53. Many genes activated by A + N or camptothecin are also activated by interferons, indicating a noticeable overlap between transcriptional programs of p53 and these antiviral cytokines. Moreover, several identified genes code for antagonists of WNT/β-catenin signalling pathways, which suggests new connections between these two cancer-related signalling systems. One of these antagonists is DRAXIN. Previously, we found that its gene is activated by p53. In this study, using mass spectrometry and Western blotting, we detected expression of DRAXIN in a medium of A549 cells exposed to A + N. Thus, this protein functions not only in the development of the nervous system, but it may also have a new cancer-related function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Łasut-Szyszka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Małachowska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Małgorzata Krześniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Będzińska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marta Gawin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
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Zhong Y, Liu F, Zhang X, Guo Q, Wang Z, Wang R. Research progress on reproductive system damage caused by high altitude hypoxia. Endocrine 2024; 83:559-570. [PMID: 38170433 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high altitude area is characterized by low pressure and hypoxia, and rapidly entering the high altitude area will cause a series of damage to the body. Some studies have shown that hypoxia can cause damage to the reproductive system. In recent years, researchers have been paying attention to the effects of hypoxia on hormone level, ovarian reserve, embryonic development, testicular development, sperm motility level, and have begun to explore its injury mechanism, but its mechanism is not clear. In this paper, the mechanism of hypoxia on the reproductive system is reviewed, which is expected to provide a new idea for solving the problem of the low fertility rate of humans and animals at high altitudes. METHODS A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted, selecting all relevant peer-reviewed English papers published before January 2022. Other relevant papers were selected from the list of references. RESULTS Studies have shown that the complete fertility rate of people living at low altitudes is 7.7, and the complete fertility rate of people living at high altitudes is 4.77, and the hypoxic environment at high altitudes reduces fertility. At the same time, high-altitude, low-oxygen environments are associated with increased infant mortality and post-neonatal mortality. To date, most studies seem to point to a correlation between anoxic exposure at high altitudes and low fertility in humans and animals. CONCLUSION Although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, the effects of hypoxia at high altitude on hormonal level, ovarian reserve, embryonic development, testicular development, and sperm motility and levels require further research to investigate this complex topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qianwen Guo
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China.
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Trauernicht M, Rastogi C, Manzo S, Bussemaker H, van Steensel B. Optimisation of TP53 reporters by systematic dissection of synthetic TP53 response elements. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9690-9702. [PMID: 37650627 PMCID: PMC10570033 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a transcription factor that controls multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. The relation between TP53 binding site architecture and transcriptional output is still not fully understood. Here, we systematically examined in three different cell lines the effects of binding site affinity and copy number on TP53-dependent transcriptional output, and also probed the impact of spacer length and sequence between adjacent binding sites, and of core promoter identity. Paradoxically, we found that high-affinity TP53 binding sites are less potent than medium-affinity sites. TP53 achieves supra-additive transcriptional activation through optimally spaced adjacent binding sites, suggesting a cooperative mechanism. Optimally spaced adjacent binding sites have a ∼10-bp periodicity, suggesting a role for spatial orientation along the DNA double helix. We leveraged these insights to construct a log-linear model that explains activity from sequence features, and to identify new highly active and sensitive TP53 reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Trauernicht
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaitanya Rastogi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano G Manzo
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan “La Statale”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Harmen J Bussemaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bas van Steensel
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Belapurkar R, Pfisterer M, Dreute J, Werner S, Zukunft S, Fleming I, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. A transient increase of HIF-1α during the G1 phase (G1-HIF) ensures cell survival under nutritional stress. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:477. [PMID: 37500648 PMCID: PMC10374543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The family of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) is activated to adapt cells to low oxygen conditions, but is also known to regulate some biological processes under normoxic conditions. Here we show that HIF-1α protein levels transiently increase during the G1 phase of the cell cycle (designated as G1-HIF) in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. The transient elimination of G1-HIF by a degron system revealed its contribution to cell survival under unfavorable metabolic conditions. Indeed, G1-HIF plays a key role in the cell cycle-dependent expression of genes encoding metabolic regulators and the maintenance of mTOR activity under conditions of nutrient deprivation. Accordingly, transient elimination of G1-HIF led to a significant reduction in the concentration of key proteinogenic amino acids and carbohydrates. These data indicate that G1-HIF acts as a cell cycle-dependent surveillance factor that prevents the onset of starvation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnal Belapurkar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pfisterer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Dreute
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Werner
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.
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Kim H, Hwang B, Cho S, Kim WJ, Myung SC, Choi YH, Kim WJ, Lee S, Moon SK. The ethanol extract of Cyperus exaltatus var. iwasakii exhibits cell cycle dysregulation, ERK1/2/p38 MAPK/AKT phosphorylation, and reduced MMP-9-mediated metastatic capacity in prostate cancer models in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154794. [PMID: 37011419 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide in men. The development of novel and highly efficient therapeutic strategies is strongly recommended to treat prostate cancer. Cyperaceae are an ecologically and economically important family of plants with several pharmacological effects. However, the biological efficacy of Cyperus exaltatus var. iwasakii (CE) is unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of the ethanol extract of CE against prostate cancer. METHODS In vitro antitumor efficacy of CE was explored by the MTT assay, cell counting assay, FACS analysis, immunoblot, wound-healing migration, invasion assay, zymographic assay, and EMSA in prostate cancer cells, DU145 and LNCaP. For in vivo experiments, xenograft mice were injected with LNCaP cells. Histology (H&E and Ki-67) and biochemical enzyme assay were then performed. The toxicity test was evaluated by an acute toxicity assay. The phytochemical constituents of CE were identified by spectrometric and chromatographic analyses. RESULTS CE exerted a significant antiproliferative effect against prostate cancer cells. CE-induced antiproliferative cells were associated with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 (cyclin D1/CDK4, cyclin E/CDK2, p21Waf1) in DU145 cells, but G2/M (ATR, CHK1, Cdc2, Cdc25c, p21Waf1, and p53) in LNCaP cells. CE stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and AKT in DU145 cells, but only p38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased in LNCaP cells. CE treatment suppressed migration and invasion in the two types of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting MMP-9 activity through the regulation of transcription factors, such as AP-1 and NF-κB. In vivo experiments showed a reduction in tumor weight and size following oral CE administration. Histochemistry confirmed that CE inhibited tumor growth in the mouse LNCaP xenograft model. The administration of CE had no adverse effects on body weight, behavioral patterns, blood biochemistry, and histopathology findings of vital organs in mice. Finally, a total of 13 phytochemical constituents were identified and quantified in CE. The most abundant secondary metabolites in CE were astragalin, tricin, and p-coumaric acid. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated the antitumor efficacy of CE against prostate cancer. These findings suggest that CE might be a potential candidate for prostate cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-Daero, Daedeok-Myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungdoo Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-Daero, Daedeok-Myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-Daero, Daedeok-Myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Myung
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Institute of Urotech, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-Daero, Daedeok-Myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-Daero, Daedeok-Myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Di Ianni A, Tüting C, Kipping M, Ihling CH, Köppen J, Iacobucci C, Arlt C, Kastritis PL, Sinz A. Structural assessment of the full-length wild-type tumor suppressor protein p53 by mass spectrometry-guided computational modeling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8497. [PMID: 37231156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetrameric tumor suppressor p53 represents a great challenge for 3D-structural analysis due to its high degree of intrinsic disorder (ca. 40%). We aim to shed light on the structural and functional roles of p53's C-terminal region in full-length, wild-type human p53 tetramer and their importance for DNA binding. For this, we employed complementary techniques of structural mass spectrometry (MS) in an integrated approach with computational modeling. Our results show no major conformational differences in p53 between DNA-bound and DNA-free states, but reveal a substantial compaction of p53's C-terminal region. This supports the proposed mechanism of unspecific DNA binding to the C-terminal region of p53 prior to transcription initiation by specific DNA binding to the core domain of p53. The synergies between complementary structural MS techniques and computational modeling as pursued in our integrative approach is envisioned to serve as general strategy for studying intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered region (IDRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Tüting
- ZIK HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marc Kipping
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian H Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Janett Köppen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudio Iacobucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Christian Arlt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Panagiotis L Kastritis
- ZIK HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 01620, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Łasut-Szyszka B, Rusin M. The Wheel of p53 Helps to Drive the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087645. [PMID: 37108808 PMCID: PMC10143509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is best known as an inhibitor of the cell cycle and an inducer of apoptosis. Unexpectedly, these functions of p53 are not required for its tumor suppressive activity in animal models. High-throughput transcriptomic investigations as well as individual studies have demonstrated that p53 stimulates expression of many genes involved in immunity. Probably to interfere with its immunostimulatory role, many viruses code for proteins that inactivate p53. Judging by the activities of immunity-related p53-regulated genes it can be concluded that p53 is involved in detection of danger signals, inflammasome formation and activation, antigen presentation, activation of natural killer cells and other effectors of immunity, stimulation of interferon production, direct inhibition of virus replication, secretion of extracellular signaling molecules, production of antibacterial proteins, negative feedback loops in immunity-related signaling pathways, and immunologic tolerance. Many of these p53 functions have barely been studied and require further, more detailed investigations. Some of them appear to be cell-type specific. The results of transcriptomic studies have generated many new hypotheses on the mechanisms utilized by p53 to impact on the immune system. In the future, these mechanisms may be harnessed to fight cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Łasut-Szyszka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
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Xu X, Yang M, Liu X, Gong A, Guo Q, Xu W, Qian H. Tripartite motif-containing 68-stabilized modulator of apoptosis-1 retards the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 648:11-20. [PMID: 36724555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major global health threat with high incidence and mortality. Modulator of apoptosis-1 (MOAP1), also named MAP-1, belongs to the PNMA gene family and plays a key role in regulating apoptosis and tumor growth. However, its influences on NSCLC are largely unclear, and thus were explored in our present study, particularly the underlying mechanisms. Here, we initially find that MOAP1 expression is significantly decreased in NSCLC patients compared with the normal ones, and negatively correlated with the TNM and pathologic stages among patients. Additionally, MOAP1 low expression predicts a poorer prognosis than that of the NSCLC patients expressing higher MOAP1. Our in vitro studies confirm much lower MOAP1 expression in NSCLC cell lines. Of note, promoting MOAP1 expression strongly reduces the proliferation and induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells, accompanied with cell cycle arrest distributed in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, we find that MOAP1 has a negative correlation with Th2 cells' infiltration, but a positive correlation with the infiltration levels of eosinophils. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is also greatly restrained in NSCLC cells with MOAP1 over-expression, as proved by the reduced migration and invasion of cells. We further identify a positive correlation between MOAP1 and tripartite motif-containing 68 (TRIM68) in patients with NSCLC. Further analysis shows that TRIM68 directly interacts with MOAP1 and stabilizes MOAP1. Importantly, TRIM68 can activate MOAP1 by inducing the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MOAP1. Finally, animal studies verify that promoting MOAP1 efficiently suppresses tumor growth and lung metastasis in the nude mice. Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism through which MOAP1 stabilized by TRIM68 inhibits NSCLC development and targeting MOAP1 for its up-regulation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Chen J, Chen S, Li B, Zhou S, Lin H. A pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and indicates immune microenvironment infiltration in glioma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5071-5087. [PMID: 36161280 PMCID: PMC9972150 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma, the most common malignant brain tumor, leads to high recurrence rates and disabilities in patients. Pyroptosis is an inflammasomes-induced programmed cell death in response to infection or chemotherapy. However, the role of pyroptosis in glioma has not yet been elucidated. METHODS RNA-seq data and clinical information of 660 gliomas and 847 samples were downloaded from the TCGA and CGGA, respectively. Then, data of 104 normal brain tissues was retrieved from the GTEx for differential expression analysis. Twelve pairs of peritumoral tissue and glioma samples were used for validation. Gene alteration status of differentially expressed pyroptosis-related regulators in gliomas was detected in cBioPortal algorithm. Consensus clustering was employed to classify gliomas based on differentially expressed pyroptosis-related regulators. Subsequently, a PS-signature was constructed using LASSO-congressional analysis for clinical application. The immune infiltration of glioma microenvironment (TME) was explored using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and the other immune signatures. RESULTS cBioPortal algorithm revealed alteration of these regulators was correlated to better prognosis of gliomas. Then, our study showed that pyroptosis-related regulators can be used to sort out patients into two clusters with distinct prognostic outcome and immune status. Moreover, a PS-signature for predicting the prognosis of glioma patients was developed based on the identified subtypes. The high PS-score group showed more abundant inflammatory cell infiltration and stronger immune response, but with poorer prognosis of gliomas. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide a therapeutic basis for future research on pyroptosis and unravel the relationship between pyroptosis and glioma prognosis. The risk signature can be utilized as a prognostic biomarker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- The Fourth People's Hospital of ChengduChengduChina
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Shanwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Bingxian Li
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central HospitalShantouChina
| | - Shaojiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central HospitalShantouChina
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Ang GCK, Gupta A, Surana U, Yap SXL, Taneja R. Potential Therapeutics Targeting Upstream Regulators and Interactors of EHMT1/2. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122855. [PMID: 35740522 PMCID: PMC9221123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of Euchromatin histone lysine methyltransferase 1 and 2 (EHMT1/2) is deregulated in many cancers. Most studies thus far have focused on the downstream targets and pathways regulated by EHMTs. However, the mechanisms that lead to their deregulated expression, and the interacting proteins that could impact EHMT activity are not well understood. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the upstream regulators and the interactors that provide alternative therapeutic approaches to tackle EHMT driven malignancies. Abstract Euchromatin histone lysine methyltransferases (EHMTs) are epigenetic regulators responsible for silencing gene transcription by catalyzing H3K9 dimethylation. Dysregulation of EHMT1/2 has been reported in multiple cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although substantial insights have been gleaned into the downstream targets and pathways regulated by EHMT1/2, few studies have uncovered mechanisms responsible for their dysregulated expression. Moreover, EHMT1/2 interacting partners, which can influence their function and, therefore, the expression of target genes, have not been extensively explored. As none of the currently available EHMT inhibitors have made it past clinical trials, understanding upstream regulators and EHMT protein complexes may provide unique insights into novel therapeutic avenues in EHMT-overexpressing cancers. Here, we review our current understanding of the regulators and interacting partners of EHMTs. We also discuss available therapeutic drugs that target the upstream regulators and binding partners of EHMTs and could potentially modulate EHMT function in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Chin Khye Ang
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (G.C.K.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Amogh Gupta
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (G.C.K.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Uttam Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shirlyn Xue Ling Yap
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (G.C.K.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-(65)-153-236; Fax: +65-(67)-788-161
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The Isolation and Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing of a Novel Nidovirus and Response of Its Infection in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Viruses 2022; 14:v14061216. [PMID: 35746687 PMCID: PMC9230003 DOI: 10.3390/v14061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel nidovirus, CSBV Bces-Po19, was isolated from the marine fish, Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The viral genome was 26,597 nucleotides long and shared 98.62% nucleotide identity with CSBV WHQSR4345. PacBio Sequel and Illumina sequencing were used to perform full-length transcriptome sequencing on CSBV Bces-Po19-sensitive (S) and -resistant (R) Japanese flounder. The results of negative staining revealed bacilliform and spherical virions. There were in total 1444 different genes between CSBV Bces-Po19 S and R groups, with 935 being up-regulated and 513 being down-regulated. Metabolism-, immune-, and RNA-related pathways were significantly enriched. Furthermore, CSBV Bces-Po19 infection induced alternative splicing (AS) events in Japanese flounder; the S group had a higher numbers of AS events (12,352) than the R group (11,452). The number of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the S group, on the other hand, was significantly lower than in the R group. In addition to providing valuable information that sheds more light on CSBV Bces-Po19 infection, these research findings provide further clues for CSBV Bces-Po19 prevention and treatment.
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Klimovich B, Meyer L, Merle N, Neumann M, König AM, Ananikidis N, Keber CU, Elmshäuser S, Timofeev O, Stiewe T. Partial p53 reactivation is sufficient to induce cancer regression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:80. [PMID: 35232479 PMCID: PMC8889716 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Impaired p53 function is one of the central molecular features of a tumor cell and even a partial reduction in p53 activity can increase the cancer risk in mice and men. From a therapeutic perspective it is noteworthy that tumor cells often become addicted to the absence of p53 providing a rationale for developing p53 reactivating compounds to treat cancer patients. Unfortunately, many of the compounds that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical testing fail to fully reactivate mutant p53 proteins, raising the crucial question: how much p53 activity is needed to elicit a therapeutic effect? Methods We have genetically modelled partial p53 reactivation using knock-in mice with inducible expression of the p53 variant E177R. This variant has a reduced ability to bind and transactivate target genes and consequently causes moderate cancer susceptibility. We have generated different syngeneically transplanted and autochthonous mouse models of p53-deficient acute myeloid leukemia and B or T cell lymphoma. After cancer manifestation we have activated E177R expression and analyzed the in vivo therapy response by bioluminescence or magnetic resonance imaging. The molecular response was further characterized in vitro by assays for gene expression, proliferation, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis and clonogenic growth. Results We report the conceptually intriguing observation that the p53 variant E177R, which promotes de novo leukemia and lymphoma formation, inhibits proliferation and viability, induces immune cell infiltration and triggers cancer regression in vivo when introduced into p53-deficient leukemia and lymphomas. p53-deficient cancer cells proved to be so addicted to the absence of p53 that even the low-level activity of E177R is detrimental to cancer growth. Conclusions The observation that a partial loss-of-function p53 variant promotes tumorigenesis in one setting and induces regression in another, underlines the highly context-specific effects of individual p53 mutants. It further highlights the exquisite sensitivity of cancer cells to even small changes in p53 activity and reveals that changes in activity level are more important than the absolute level. As such, the study encourages ongoing research efforts into mutant p53 reactivating drugs by providing genetic proof-of-principle evidence that incomplete p53 reactivation may suffice to elicit a therapeutic response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02269-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nastasja Merle
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M König
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Core Facility 7T-small animal MRI, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Ananikidis
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna U Keber
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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15
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Klimovich B, Merle N, Neumann M, Elmshäuser S, Nist A, Mernberger M, Kazdal D, Stenzinger A, Timofeev O, Stiewe T. p53 partial loss-of-function mutations sensitize to chemotherapy. Oncogene 2022; 41:1011-1023. [PMID: 34907344 PMCID: PMC8837531 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 is frequently inactivated in cancer cells by missense mutations that cluster in the DNA binding domain. 30% hit mutational hotspot residues, resulting in a complete loss of transcriptional activity and mutant p53-driven chemotherapy resistance. Of the remaining 70% of non-hotspot mutants, many are partial loss-of-function (partial-LOF) mutants with residual transcriptional activity. The therapeutic consequences of a partial-LOF have remained largely elusive. Using a p53 mutation engineered to reduce DNA binding, we demonstrate that partial-LOF is sufficient to enhance oncogene-driven tumorigenesis in mouse models of lung and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. Interestingly, mouse and human tumors with partial-LOF mutations showed mutant p53 protein accumulation similar as known for hotspot mutants. Different from the chemotherapy resistance caused by p53-loss, the partial-LOF mutant sensitized to an apoptotic chemotherapy response and led to a survival benefit. Mechanistically, the pro-apoptotic transcriptional activity of mouse and human partial-LOF mutants was rescued at high mutant protein levels, suggesting that accumulation of partial-LOF mutants enables the observed apoptotic chemotherapy response. p53 non-hotspot mutants with partial-LOF, therefore, represent tumorigenic p53 mutations that need to be distinguished from other mutations because of their beneficial impact on survival in a therapy context.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nastasja Merle
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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Ben-Cohen G, Doffe F, Devir M, Leroy B, Soussi T, Rosenberg S. TP53_PROF: a machine learning model to predict impact of missense mutations in TP53. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6510957. [PMID: 35043155 PMCID: PMC8921628 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Correctly identifying the true driver mutations in a patient’s tumor is a major challenge in precision oncology. Most efforts address frequent mutations, leaving medium- and low-frequency variants mostly unaddressed. For TP53, this identification is crucial for both somatic and germline mutations, with the latter associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a multiorgan cancer predisposition. We present TP53_PROF (prediction of functionality), a gene specific machine learning model to predict the functional consequences of every possible missense mutation in TP53, integrating human cell- and yeast-based functional assays scores along with computational scores. Variants were labeled for the training set using well-defined criteria of prevalence in four cancer genomics databases. The model’s predictions provided accuracy of 96.5%. They were validated experimentally, and were compared to population data, LFS datasets, ClinVar annotations and to TCGA survival data. Very high accuracy was shown through all methods of validation. TP53_PROF allows accurate classification of TP53 missense mutations applicable for clinical practice. Our gene specific approach integrated machine learning, highly reliable features and biological knowledge, to create an unprecedented, thoroughly validated and clinically oriented classification model. This approach currently addresses TP53 mutations and will be applied in the future to other important cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ben-Cohen
- Corresponding authors: Gil Ben Cohen, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: +972549410946. E-mail: ; Shai Rosenberg, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: 972-2-6776289. E-mail:
| | - Flora Doffe
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Michal Devir
- Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bernard Leroy
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F- 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Shai Rosenberg
- Corresponding authors: Gil Ben Cohen, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: +972549410946. E-mail: ; Shai Rosenberg, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: 972-2-6776289. E-mail:
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Zhang J. TP53 inhibitor PFTα increases the sensitivity of arsenic trioxide in TP53 wild type tumor cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:616-626. [PMID: 35030298 PMCID: PMC8886521 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to be effective in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. TP53 mutated/null tumor cells are more sensitive to ATO treatment compared to tumor cells carrying wild type TP53 gene copies. However, it is unclear whether TP53 inhibitors can increase the sensitivity of TP53 wild type tumor cells to ATO. Here, we show that breast, colon and lung cancer cell lines with mutated/null TP53 are more sensitive to ATO-induced cell growth inhibition than cells with wild type TP53. Moreover, inhibition of TP53 by a TP53 inhibitor, PFTα, increased the ATO sensitivity of TP53 wild type tumor cells, coincident with ATO-induced cell growth arrest and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, combined treatment with ATO and PFTα synergistically inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenografts in vivo. Through microarray transcriptional analysis, we found that ATO-regulated genes were associated with TP53 and cell cycle signaling pathways. Co-treatment with PFTα enhanced ATO induced dynamic transcriptional changes. Overall, our results provide evidences in using TP53 chemical inhibitors to enhance the ATO-mediated therapeutic response against TP53 wild type tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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18
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Marques MA, de Andrade GC, Silva JL, de Oliveira GAP. Protein of a thousand faces: The tumor-suppressive and oncogenic responses of p53. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:944955. [PMID: 36090037 PMCID: PMC9452956 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.944955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a pleiotropic regulator working as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Depending on the cellular insult and the mutational status, p53 may trigger opposing activities such as cell death or survival, senescence and cell cycle arrest or proliferative signals, antioxidant or prooxidant activation, glycolysis, or oxidative phosphorylation, among others. By augmenting or repressing specific target genes or directly interacting with cellular partners, p53 accomplishes a particular set of activities. The mechanism in which p53 is activated depends on increased stability through post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the formation of higher-order structures (HOS). The intricate cell death and metabolic p53 response are reviewed in light of gaining stability via PTM and HOS formation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Marques
- *Correspondence: Mayra A. Marques, ; Guilherme A. P. de Oliveira,
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Santos NFTD, Imberg ADS, Mariano DOC, Moraes ACD, Andrade-Silva J, Fernandes CM, Sobral AC, Giannotti KC, Kuwabara WMT, Pimenta DC, Maria DA, Sandoval MRL, Afeche SC. β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA2 from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20210094. [PMID: 35432496 PMCID: PMC9008913 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous phospholipases A2 (PLA2) play a fundamental role in inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Neurotoxins with PLA2 activity are found in snake venoms from the Elapidae and Viperidae families. The mechanism of action of these neurotoxins have been studied using hippocampal and cerebellar neuronal cultures showing [Ca2+]i increase, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Astrocytes are rarely used as a model, despite being modulators at the synapses and responsible for homeostasis and defense in the central nervous system. Preserving the cell division ability, they can be utilized to study the cell proliferation process. In the present work cultured astrocytes and glioblastoma cells were employed to characterize the action of β-micrustoxin (previously named Mlx-9), a PLA2 isolated from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom. The β-micrustoxin structure was determined and the cell proliferation, cell cycle phases and the regulatory proteins p53, p21 and p27 were investigated. Methods β-micrustoxin was characterized biochemically by a proteomic approach. Astrocytes were obtained by dissociation of pineal glands from Wistar rats; glioblastoma tumor cells were purchased from ATCC and Sigma and cultured in DMEM medium. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay; cell proliferation and cell cycle phases were analyzed by flow cytometry; p53, p21 and p27 proteins were studied by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Results Proteomic analysis revealed fragments on β-micrustoxin that aligned with a PLA2 from Micrurus lemniscatus lemniscatus previously identified as transcript ID DN112835_C3_g9_i1/m.9019. β-micrustoxin impaired the viability of astrocytes and glioblastoma tumor cells. There was a reduction in cell proliferation, an increase in G2/M phase and activation of p53, p21 and p27 proteins in astrocytes. Conclusion These findings indicate that β-micrustoxin from Micrurus lemniscatus venom could inhibit cell proliferation through p53, p21 and p27 activation thus imposing cell cycle arrest at the checkpoint G2/M.
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Schmitt HM, Fehrman RL, Maes ME, Yang H, Guo LW, Schlamp CL, Pelzel HR, Nickells RW. Increased Susceptibility and Intrinsic Apoptotic Signaling in Neurons by Induced HDAC3 Expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:14. [PMID: 34398198 PMCID: PMC8375002 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inhibition or targeted deletion of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is neuroprotective in a variety neurodegenerative conditions, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after acute optic nerve damage. Consistent with this, induced HDAC3 expression in cultured cells shows selective toxicity to neurons. Despite an established role for HDAC3 in neuronal pathology, little is known regarding the mechanism of this pathology. Methods Induced expression of an HDAC3-mCherry fusion protein in mouse RGCs was accomplished by transduction with AAV2/2-Pgk-HDAC3-mCherry. Increased susceptibility to optic nerve damage in HDAC3-mCherry expressing RGCs was evaluated in transduced mice that received acute optic nerve crush surgery. Expression of HDAC3-FLAG or HDAC3-mCherry was induced by nucleofection or transfection of plasmids into differentiated or undifferentiated 661W tissue culture cells. Immunostaining for cleaved caspase 3, localization of a GFP-BAX fusion protein, and quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate HDAC3-induced damage. Results Induced expression of exogenous HDAC3 in RGCs by viral-mediated gene transfer resulted in modest levels of cell death but significantly increased the sensitivity of these neurons to axonal damage. Undifferentiated 661W retinal precursor cells were resilient to induced HDAC3 expression, but after differentiation, HDAC3 induced GFP-BAX recruitment to the mitochondria and BAX/BAK dependent activation of caspase 3. This was accompanied by an increase in accumulation of transcripts for the JNK2/3 kinases and the p53-regulated BH3-only gene Bbc3/Puma. Cell cycle arrest of undifferentiated 661W cells did not increase their sensitivity to HDAC3 expression. Conclusions Collectively, these results indicate that HDAC3-induced toxicity to neurons is mediated by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel L. Fehrman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
| | - Margaret E. Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Schlamp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Heather R. Pelzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, United States
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
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Timofeev O, Stiewe T. Rely on Each Other: DNA Binding Cooperativity Shapes p53 Functions in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2422. [PMID: 34067731 PMCID: PMC8155944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in half of all cancers. The high clinical relevance has made p53 a model transcription factor for delineating general mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. p53 forms tetramers that bind DNA in a highly cooperative manner. The DNA binding cooperativity of p53 has been studied by structural and molecular biologists as well as clinical oncologists. These experiments have revealed the structural basis for cooperative DNA binding and its impact on sequence specificity and target gene spectrum. Cooperativity was found to be critical for the control of p53-mediated cell fate decisions and tumor suppression. Importantly, an estimated number of 34,000 cancer patients per year world-wide have mutations of the amino acids mediating cooperativity, and knock-in mouse models have confirmed such mutations to be tumorigenic. While p53 cancer mutations are classically subdivided into "contact" and "structural" mutations, "cooperativity" mutations form a mechanistically distinct third class that affect the quaternary structure but leave DNA contacting residues and the three-dimensional folding of the DNA-binding domain intact. In this review we discuss the concept of DNA binding cooperativity and highlight the unique nature of cooperativity mutations and their clinical implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Kang JG, Lago CU, Lee JE, Park JH, Donnelly MP, Starost MF, Liu C, Kwon J, Noguchi AC, Ge K, Wang PY, Hwang PM. A Mouse Homolog of a Human TP53 Germline Mutation Reveals a Lipolytic Activity of p53. Cell Rep 2021; 30:783-792.e5. [PMID: 31968253 PMCID: PMC7021448 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological effects of the many germline mutations of TP53, encoding the tumor suppressor protein p53, are poorly understood. Here we report generating a p53 R178C knockin mouse modeling the human TP53 R181C mutation, which is notable for its prevalence and prior molecular characterization. Consistent with its weak cancer penetrance in humans, homozygous p53178C/C mice show a modest increase in tumorigenesis but, surprisingly, are lean with decreased body fat content. They display evidence of increased lipolysis and upregulation of fatty acid metabolism in their inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses show that the mutant p53 bound and trans-activated Beta-3-Adrenergic Receptor (ADRB3), a gene that is known to promote lipolysis and is associated with obesity. This study reveals that a germline mutation of p53 can affect fat metabolism, which has been implicated in cancer development. Knockin of the mouse homolog of a human TP53 germline mutation known to cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a cancer predisposition disorder, results in a mouse model characterized by lower body fat content. Kang et al. show that enhancing transactivation of the lipolytic gene ADRB3 by mutant p53 contributes to this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cory U Lago
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Donnelly
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaeyul Kwon
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Kai Ge
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping-Yuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Friedel L, Loewer A. The guardian's choice: how p53 enables context-specific decision-making in individual cells. FEBS J 2021; 289:40-52. [PMID: 33590949 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
p53 plays a central role in defending the genomic integrity of our cells. In response to genotoxic stress, this tumour suppressor orchestrates the expression of hundreds of target genes, which induce a variety of cellular outcomes ranging from damage repair to induction of apoptosis. In this review, we examine how the p53 response is regulated on several levels in individual cells to allow precise and context-specific fate decisions. We discuss that the p53 response is not only controlled by its canonical regulators but also controlled by interconnected signalling pathways that influence the dynamics of p53 accumulation upon damage and modulate its transcriptional activity at target gene promoters. Additionally, we consider how the p53 response is diversified through a variety of mechanisms at the promoter level and beyond to induce context-specific outcomes in individual cells. These layers of regulation allow p53 to react in a stimulus-specific manner and fine-tune its signalling according to the individual needs of a given cell, enabling it to take the right decision on survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Friedel
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Loewer
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
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The p63 C-terminus is essential for murine oocyte integrity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:383. [PMID: 33452256 PMCID: PMC7810856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 mediates distinct cellular responses, primarily regulating epithelial and oocyte biology. In addition to the two amino terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63, the 3’-end of p63 mRNA undergoes tissue-specific alternative splicing that leads to several isoforms, including p63α, p63β and p63γ. To investigate in vivo how the different isoforms fulfil distinct functions at the cellular and developmental levels, we developed a mouse model replacing the p63α with p63β by deletion of exon 13 in the Trp63 gene. Here, we report that whereas in two organs physiologically expressing p63α, such as thymus and skin, no abnormalities are detected, total infertility is evident in heterozygous female mice. A sharp reduction in the number of primary oocytes during the first week after birth occurs as a consequence of the enhanced expression of the pro-apoptotic transcriptional targets Puma and Noxa by the tetrameric, constitutively active, TAp63β isoform. Hence, these mice show a condition of ovary dysfunction, resembling human primary ovary insufficiency. Our results show that the p63 C-terminus is essential in TAp63α-expressing primary oocytes to control cell death in vivo, expanding the current understanding of human primary ovarian insufficiency. The transcription factor p63 mediates different cellular responses affecting epithelial and oocyte biology. Here, the authors generate a mouse model (HET Δ13p63 mice) expressing the p63β isoform and show this affects ovary development, phenocopying a human syndrome, primary ovary insufficiency.
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Comprehensive assessment of TP53 loss of function using multiple combinatorial mutagenesis libraries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20368. [PMID: 33230179 PMCID: PMC7683535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of somatic and germline TP53 mutations in human tumors or in individuals prone to various types of cancer has now reached the clinic. To increase the accuracy of the prediction of TP53 variant pathogenicity, we gathered functional data from three independent large-scale saturation mutagenesis screening studies with experimental data for more than 10,000 TP53 variants performed in different settings (yeast or mammalian) and with different readouts (transcription, growth arrest or apoptosis). Correlation analysis and multidimensional scaling showed excellent agreement between all these variables. Furthermore, we found that some missense mutations localized in TP53 exons led to impaired TP53 splicing as shown by an analysis of the TP53 expression data from the cancer genome atlas. With the increasing availability of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data, it is essential to employ both protein and RNA prediction to accurately define variant pathogenicity.
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Timofeev O, Koch L, Niederau C, Tscherne A, Schneikert J, Klimovich M, Elmshäuser S, Zeitlinger M, Mernberger M, Nist A, Osterburg C, Dötsch V, Hrabé de Angelis M, Stiewe T. Phosphorylation Control of p53 DNA-Binding Cooperativity Balances Tumorigenesis and Aging. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5231-5244. [PMID: 32873634 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are essential for regulating the transcription factor p53, which binds DNA in a highly cooperative manner to control expression of a plethora of tumor-suppressive programs. Here we show at the biochemical, cellular, and organismal level that the cooperative nature of DNA binding is reduced by phosphorylation of highly conserved serine residues (human S183/S185, mouse S180) in the DNA-binding domain. To explore the role of this inhibitory phosphorylation in vivo, new phosphorylation-deficient p53-S180A knock-in mice were generated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing studies of S180A knock-in cells demonstrated enhanced DNA binding and increased target gene expression. In vivo, this translated into a tissue-specific vulnerability of the bone marrow that caused depletion of hematopoietic stem cells and impaired proper regeneration of hematopoiesis after DNA damage. Median lifespan was significantly reduced by 20% from 709 days in wild type to only 568 days in S180A littermates. Importantly, lifespan was reduced by a loss of general fitness and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, not by increased cancer incidence as often seen in other p53-mutant mouse models. For example, S180A knock-in mice showed markedly reduced spontaneous tumorigenesis and increased resistance to Myc-driven lymphoma and Eml4-Alk-driven lung cancer. Preventing phosphorylation of S183/S185 in human cells boosted p53 activity and allowed tumor cells to be killed more efficiently. Together, our data identify p53 DNA-binding domain phosphorylation as a druggable mechanism that balances tumorigenesis and aging. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that p53 tumor suppressor activity is reduced by DNA-binding domain phosphorylation to prevent aging and identify this phosphorylation as a potential target for cancer therapy.See related commentary by Horikawa, p. 5164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Koch
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Niederau
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alina Tscherne
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Schneikert
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Zeitlinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Pavlakis E, Stiewe T. p53's Extended Reach: The Mutant p53 Secretome. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020307. [PMID: 32075247 PMCID: PMC7072272 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating a plethora of effector pathways. While most of these operate primarily inside of cells to limit proliferation and survival of incipient cancer cells, many extend to the extracellular space. In particular, p53 controls expression and secretion of numerous extracellular factors that are either soluble or contained within extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. As part of the cellular secretome, they execute key roles in cell-cell communication and extracellular matrix remodeling. Mutations in the p53-encoding TP53 gene are the most frequent genetic alterations in cancer cells, and therefore, have profound impact on the composition of the tumor cell secretome. In this review, we discuss how the loss or dominant-negative inhibition of wild-type p53 in concert with a gain of neomorphic properties observed for many mutant p53 proteins, shapes a tumor cell secretome that creates a supportive microenvironment at the primary tumor site and primes niches in distant organs for future metastatic colonization.
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Synergistic activation of p53 by actinomycin D and nutlin-3a is associated with the upregulation of crucial regulators and effectors of innate immunity. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109552. [PMID: 32032660 PMCID: PMC7126238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (A + N) activate p53, partly through induction of phosphorylation on Ser392. The death of A549 cells induced by A + N morphologically resembles inflammation-inducing pyroptosis - cell destruction triggered by activated caspase-1. The treatment with A + N (or camptothecin) strongly upregulated caspase-1 and its two activators: IFI16 and NLRP1, however, caspase-1 activation was not detected. A549 cells may have been primed for pyroptosis, with the absence of a crucial trigger. The investigation of additional innate immunity elements revealed that A + N (or camptothecin) stimulated the expression of NLRX1, STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and two antiviral proteins, IFIT1 and IFIT3. IFI16 and caspase-1 are coded by p53-regulated genes which led us to investigate regulation of NLRP1, NLRX1, STING, IFIT1 and IFIT3 in p53-dependent mode. The upregulation of NLRP1, NLRX1 and STING was attenuated in p53 knockdown cells. The upsurge of the examined genes, and activation of p53, was inhibited by C16, an inhibitor of PKR kinase. PKR was tested due to its ability to phosphorylate p53 on Ser392. Surprisingly, C16 was active even in PKR knockdown cells. The ability of C16 to prevent activation of p53 and expression of innate immunity genes may be the source of its strong anti-inflammatory action. Moreover, cells exposed to A + N can influence neighboring cells in paracrine fashion, for instance, they shed ectodomain of COL17A1 protein and induce, in p53-dependent mode, the expression of gene for interleukin-7. Further, the activation of p53 also spurred the expression of SOCS1, an inhibitor of interferon triggered STAT1-dependent signaling. We conclude that, stimulation of p53 primes cells for the production of interferons (through upregulation of STING), and may activate negative-feedback within this signaling system by enhancing the production of SOCS1. Actinomycin D and nutlin-3a strongly and synergistically activate p53 protein Strongly activated p53 promotes expression of innate immunity genes Strong activation of innate immunity genes can be prevented by C16 compound By inducing SOCS1 protein p53 can prevent overactivation of interferon signaling Strongly activated p53 can send signal to nearby immune cells through interleukin-7
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Klimovich B, Stiewe T, Timofeev O. Inactivation of Mdm2 restores apoptosis proficiency of cooperativity mutant p53 in vivo. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:109-123. [PMID: 31749402 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1693748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are found in 50% of all cancers and mutated TP53 status is considered poor for treatment. However, some TP53 mutations exhibit only partial loss-of-function (LOF), meaning they retain residual transcriptional and non-transcriptional activities that are potentially beneficial for therapy. Earlier we have characterized a knock-in mouse model for the partial LOF mutant Trp53E177R (p53RR). Reduced DNA binding cooperativity of this mutant led to the loss of p53-dependent apoptosis, while p53 functions in cell cycle control, senescence, metabolism, and antioxidant defense remained intact. Concomitantly, tumor suppression was evident but strongly compromised compared to wild-type mice. Here we used the Trp53E177R mouse as a model to investigate whether residual functions of mutant p53 can be engaged to induce cell death, which is considered the most desirable outcome of tumor therapy. We made use of Mdm2 knock-out in developing embryos as a sensitive tool for detecting remaining p53 activities. Genetic ablation of Mdm2 led to embryonic lethality in Trp53E177R/E177R homozygotes at days 9.5-11.5. This effect was not rescued by concomitant p21-knockout, indicating its independence of p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. Instead, immunohistochemical analysis showed widespread apoptosis in tissues of defective embryos accompanied by persistent accumulation of p53RR protein. This led to partial restoration of the mutant's proficiency in transcriptional induction of the pro-apoptotic genes Bbc3 (Puma) and Bax. These data indicate that increased quantity can compensate for qualitative defects of p53 mutants and suggest that Mdm2-targeting (potentially in combination with other drugs) might be effective against cells bearing p53 partial LOF mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Manfredi JJ. p53 defies convention again: a p53 mutant that has lost tumor suppression but still can kill. EMBO J 2019; 38:e103322. [PMID: 31553097 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of tumor suppression by the p53 protein involves altered or abrogated transcriptional activity resulting in a failure to mediate wild-type cellular responses including cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. Timofeev et al (2019) make the fascinating finding that a novel p53 cooperativity mutation devoid of DNA binding results in no tumor suppression but surprising retention of an apoptotic response to chemotherapy and other treatments. This shows a need for rethinking how mutant p53-driven tumors are treated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Timofeev O, Klimovich B, Schneikert J, Wanzel M, Pavlakis E, Noll J, Mutlu S, Elmshäuser S, Nist A, Mernberger M, Lamp B, Wenig U, Brobeil A, Gattenlöhner S, Köhler K, Stiewe T. Residual apoptotic activity of a tumorigenic p53 mutant improves cancer therapy responses. EMBO J 2019; 38:e102096. [PMID: 31483066 PMCID: PMC6792016 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered p53 mutant mice are valuable tools for delineating p53 functions in tumor suppression and cancer therapy. Here, we have introduced the R178E mutation into the Trp53 gene of mice to specifically ablate the cooperative nature of p53 DNA binding. Trp53R178E mice show no detectable target gene regulation and, at first sight, are largely indistinguishable from Trp53−/− mice. Surprisingly, stabilization of p53R178E in Mdm2−/− mice nevertheless triggers extensive apoptosis, indicative of residual wild‐type activities. Although this apoptotic activity suffices to trigger lethality of Trp53R178E;Mdm2−/− embryos, it proves insufficient for suppression of spontaneous and oncogene‐driven tumorigenesis. Trp53R178E mice develop tumors indistinguishably from Trp53−/− mice and tumors retain and even stabilize the p53R178E protein, further attesting to the lack of significant tumor suppressor activity. However, Trp53R178E tumors exhibit remarkably better chemotherapy responses than Trp53−/− ones, resulting in enhanced eradication of p53‐mutated tumor cells. Together, this provides genetic proof‐of‐principle evidence that a p53 mutant can be highly tumorigenic and yet retain apoptotic activity which provides a survival benefit in the context of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Schneikert
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wanzel
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Noll
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Samet Mutlu
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Boris Lamp
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wenig
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany.,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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Harton MD, Koh WS, Bunker AD, Singh A, Batchelor E. p53 pulse modulation differentially regulates target gene promoters to regulate cell fate decisions. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8685. [PMID: 31556489 PMCID: PMC6761572 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor regulates distinct responses to cellular stresses. Although different stresses generate different p53 dynamics, the mechanisms by which cells decode p53 dynamics to differentially regulate target genes are not well understood. Here, we determined in individual cells how canonical p53 target gene promoters vary in responsiveness to features of p53 dynamics. Employing a chemical perturbation approach, we independently modulated p53 pulse amplitude, duration, or frequency, and we then monitored p53 levels and target promoter activation in individual cells. We identified distinct signal processing features-thresholding in response to amplitude modulation, a refractory period in response to duration modulation, and dynamic filtering in response to frequency modulation. We then showed that the signal processing features not only affect p53 target promoter activation, they also affect p53 regulation and downstream cellular functions. Our study shows how different promoters can differentially decode features of p53 dynamics to generate distinct responses, providing insight into how perturbing p53 dynamics can be used to generate distinct cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D Harton
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Woo Seuk Koh
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Amie D Bunker
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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Zhang SD, Yu L, Wang P, Kou P, Li J, Wang LT, Wang W, Yao LP, Zhao XH, Fu YJ. Inotodiol inhibits cells migration and invasion and induces apoptosis via p53-dependent pathway in HeLa cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152957. [PMID: 31128995 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inonotus obliquus, namely as Chaga mushroom, is a medicinal and edible fungus, which is widely used in food and medical fields. Inotodiol, a natural lanostane-type triterpenoid with remarkable pharmacological activities, was isolated from Inonotus obliquus, which its potential anti-tumor molecular mechanism was elaborated poorly. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Inotodiol on HeLa cell migration, invasion and apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The potential mechanisms of Inotodiol on HeLa cell anti-metastatic and pro-apoptosis via wound healing assay, trans-well invasion assay, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity assay and western blot analysis were studied, as well as the involvement of p53 signaling pathway in anti-metastatic and pro-apoptosis of Inotodiol. Besides, the function of tumor suppressor p53 was further verified by small interfering RNA. RESULTS Firstly, the cell viability assay showed that low-concentration of Inotodiol had no cytotoxicity to HeLa cells and whereas the concentration above 25 μM significantly inhibited HeLa cell growth and even induced apoptosis. This result was further demonstrated by cell proliferation and morphology assay. Secondly, in vitro wound healing and trans-well invasion assays reported that low-concentration treatment of Inotodiol significantly inhibited cells migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner, the western blot analysis of matrix mettalloprotinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix mettalloprotinase-9 (MMP9) levels were also decreased. Moreover, Inotodiol notably induced tumor cell apoptosis by Annexin-V-FITC apoptosis assay, which is associated with activation pro-apoptotic proteins of PARP, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expression, inhibition anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. Finally, the anti-tumor activity of Inotodiol was attenuated by silencing p53 tumor suppressor, the result revealed that pre-treatment with p53-specific small interfering RNA (si-p53) markedly inhibited Intodiol-indeuced HeLa cell apoptosis and decreased the caspase-3 activity. What is more, the inhibitory effect of Inotodiol on tumor migration and invasion was blocked under p53 knockdown. CONCLUSION To sum up, the present study indicated that Inotodiol possessed the potential to prevent malignant tumor migration and invasion, and it might be a natural active compound candidate for clinical treatment of human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ping Kou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li-Tao Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li-Ping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Hafner A, Bulyk ML, Jambhekar A, Lahav G. The multiple mechanisms that regulate p53 activity and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:199-210. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Miller JJ, Orvain C, Jozi S, Clarke RM, Smith JR, Blanchet A, Gaiddon C, Warren JJ, Storr T. Multifunctional Compounds for Activation of the p53-Y220C Mutant in Cancer. Chemistry 2018; 24:17734-17742. [PMID: 30230059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The p53 protein plays a major role in cancer prevention, and over 50 % of cancer diagnoses can be attributed to p53 malfunction. The common p53 mutation Y220C causes local protein unfolding, aggregation, and can result in a loss of Zn in the DNA-binding domain. Structural analysis has shown that this mutant creates a surface site that can be stabilized using small molecules, and herein a multifunctional approach to restore function to p53-Y220C is reported. A series of compounds has been designed that contain iodinated phenols aimed for interaction and stabilization of the p53-Y220C surface cavity, and Zn-binding fragments for metallochaperone activity. Their Zn-binding affinity was characterized using spectroscopic methods and demonstrate the ability of compounds L4 and L5 to increase intracellular levels of Zn2+ in a p53-Y220C-mutant cell line. The in vitro cytotoxicity of our compounds was initially screened by the National Cancer Institute (NCI-60), followed by testing in three stomach cancer cell lines with varying p53 status', including AGS (WTp53), MKN1 (V143A), and NUGC3 (Y220C). Our most promising ligand, L5, is nearly 3-fold more cytotoxic than cisplatin in a large number of cell lines. The impressive cytotoxicity of L5 is further maintained in a NUGC3 3D spheroid model. L5 also induces Y220C-specific apoptosis in a cleaved caspase-3 assay, reduces levels of unfolded mutant p53, and recovers p53 transcriptional function in the NUGC3 cell line. These results show that these multifunctional scaffolds have the potential to restore wild-type function in mutant p53-Y220C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shireen Jozi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jason R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Anaïs Blanchet
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada
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Chromatin-remodeling factor, RSF1, controls p53-mediated transcription in apoptosis upon DNA strand breaks. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1079. [PMID: 30348983 PMCID: PMC6197202 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling and spacing factor 1 (RSF1), which is one of chromatin-remodeling factors, has been linked to the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair. However, the biological consequence of RSF1 deficiency in DDR in vivo and its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Because defective DDR is related to neuropathological phenotypes, we developed neural-specific Rsf1 knockout mice. Rsf1 deficiency did not result in any neuropathological abnormalities, but prevented neural apoptosis triggered by excessive DNA strand breaks during neurogenesis. Likewise, cell death was significantly reduced in RSF1 deficient human cell lines after DNA damage, and the global transcriptome of these cells revealed that the expressions of p53 downstream genes were significantly reduced upon DNA strand breaks. Inactivation of these genes resulted from decreased binding of p53/p300 complex and subsequent reduction of H3 acetylation at their promoters. Our data show that RSF1 is necessary for p53-dependent gene expression in response to DNA strand breaks via controlling the accessibility of p53/p300 complex to its target genes and contributes to the maintenance of cellular integrity.
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38
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Sun P, Wu H, Huang J, Xu Y, Yang F, Zhang Q, Xu X. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus through p53-dependent pathway causes cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Virus Res 2018; 253:1-11. [PMID: 29800601 PMCID: PMC7114671 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PEDV causes Vero cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. PEDV through p53-dependent pathway causes cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Vero cells released from G0/G1 phase are advantageous for PEDV replication. This is the first report that PEDV through p53-dependent pathway causes cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic Alphacoronavirus, has caused enormous economic losses in the swine industry. p53 protein exists in a wide variety of animal cells, which is involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell differentiation and other biological functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of PEDV infection on the cell cycle of Vero cells and p53 activation. The results demonstrated that PEDV infection induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in Vero cells, while UV-inactivated PEDV does not cause cell cycle arrest. PEDV infection up-regulates the levels of p21, cdc2, cdk2, cdk4, Cyclin A protein and down-regulates Cyclin E protein. Further research results showed that inhibition of p53 signaling pathway can reverse the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase induced by PEDV infection and cancel out the up-regulation of p21 and corresponding Cyclin/cdk mentioned above. In addition, PEDV infection of the cells synchronized in various stages of cell cycle showed that viral subgenomic RNA and virus titer were higher in the cells released from G0/G1 phase synchronized cells than that in the cells released from the G1/S phase and G2/M phase synchronized or asynchronous cells after 18 h p.i.. This is the first report to demonstrate that the p53-dependent pathway plays an important role in PEDV induced cell cycle arrest and beneficially contributes to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Haoyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Stiewe T, Haran TE. How mutations shape p53 interactions with the genome to promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:27-43. [PMID: 29857816 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 regulates a wide array of cellular processes that confer upon cells an essential protection against cancer development. Wild-type p53 regulates gene expression by directly binding to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. p53 missense mutations are the most common mutations in malignant cells and can be regarded as synonymous with anticancer drug resistance and poor prognosis. The current review provides an overview of how the extraordinary variety of more than 2000 different mutant p53 proteins, known as the p53 mutome, affect the interaction of p53 with DNA. We discuss how the classification of p53 mutations to loss of function (LOF), gain of function (GOF), and dominant-negative (DN) inhibition of a remaining wild-type allele, hides a complex p53 mutation spectrum that depends on the distinctive nature of each mutant protein, requiring different therapeutic strategies for each mutant p53 protein. We propose to regard the different mutant p53 categories as continuous variables, that may not be independent of each other. In particular, we suggest here to consider GOF mutations as a special subset of LOF mutations, especially when mutant p53 binds to DNA through cooperation with other transcription factors, and we present a model for GOF mechanism that consolidates many observations on the GOF phenomenon. We review how novel mutant p53 targeting approaches aim to restore a wild-type-like DNA interaction and to overcome resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tali E Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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40
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Targeting apoptosis in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1089-1098. [PMID: 29017180 PMCID: PMC5674101 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous disease, and its incidence is increasing as the populations in Western countries age. Despite major advances in understanding the genetic landscape of AML and its impact on the biology of the disease, standard therapy has not changed significantly in the last three decades. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the best chance for cure, but can only be offered to a minority of younger fit patients. Molecularly targeted drugs aiming at restoring apoptosis in leukaemic cells have shown encouraging activity in early clinical trials and some of these drugs are currently being evaluated in randomised controlled trials. In this review, we discuss the current development of drugs designed to trigger cell death in AML.
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Loffreda A, Jacchetti E, Antunes S, Rainone P, Daniele T, Morisaki T, Bianchi ME, Tacchetti C, Mazza D. Live-cell p53 single-molecule binding is modulated by C-terminal acetylation and correlates with transcriptional activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:313. [PMID: 28827596 PMCID: PMC5567047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-cell microscopy has highlighted that transcription factors bind transiently to chromatin but it is not clear if the duration of these binding interactions can be modulated in response to an activation stimulus, and if such modulation can be controlled by post-translational modifications of the transcription factor. We address this question for the tumor suppressor p53 by combining live-cell single-molecule microscopy and single cell in situ measurements of transcription and we show that p53-binding kinetics are modulated following genotoxic stress. The modulation of p53 residence times on chromatin requires C-terminal acetylation—a classical mark for transcriptionally active p53—and correlates with the induction of transcription of target genes such as CDKN1a. We propose a model in which the modification state of the transcription factor determines the coupling between transcription factor abundance and transcriptional activity by tuning the transcription factor residence time on target sites. Both transcription binding kinetics and post-translational modifications of transcription factors are thought to play a role in the modulation of transcription. Here the authors use single-molecule tracking to directly demonstrate that p53 acetylation modulates promoter residence time and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Loffreda
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Fondazione CEN, European Center for Nanomedicine, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G.Natta". Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Sofia Antunes
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Researches Council, Segrate, 20090, (MI), Italy
| | - Tiziana Daniele
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Tatsuya Morisaki
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Milano, 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy. .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, 20132, Italy.
| | - Davide Mazza
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milano, 20132, Italy. .,Fondazione CEN, European Center for Nanomedicine, Milano, 20133, Italy.
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Fischer M. Census and evaluation of p53 target genes. Oncogene 2017; 36:3943-3956. [PMID: 28288132 PMCID: PMC5511239 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 functions primarily as a transcription factor. Mutation of the TP53 gene alters its response pathway, and is central to the development of many cancers. The discovery of a large number of p53 target genes, which confer p53's tumor suppressor function, has led to increasingly complex models of p53 function. Recent meta-analysis approaches, however, are simplifying our understanding of how p53 functions as a transcription factor. In the survey presented here, a total set of 3661 direct p53 target genes is identified that comprise 3509 potential targets from 13 high-throughput studies, and 346 target genes from individual gene analyses. Comparison of the p53 target genes reported in individual studies with those identified in 13 high-throughput studies reveals limited consistency. Here, p53 target genes have been evaluated based on the meta-analysis data, and the results show that high-confidence p53 target genes are involved in multiple cellular responses, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, autophagy, mRNA translation and feedback mechanisms. However, many p53 target genes are identified only in a small number of studies and have a higher likelihood of being false positives. While numerous mechanisms have been proposed for mediating gene regulation in response to p53, recent advances in our understanding of p53 function show that p53 itself is solely an activator of transcription, and gene downregulation by p53 is indirect and requires p21. Taking into account the function of p53 as an activator of transcription, recent results point to an unsophisticated means of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Granados-López AJ, Ruiz-Carrillo JL, Servín-González LS, Martínez-Rodríguez JL, Reyes-Estrada CA, Gutiérrez-Hernández R, López JA. Use of Mature miRNA Strand Selection in miRNAs Families in Cervical Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020407. [PMID: 28216603 PMCID: PMC5343941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant miRNA expression is well recognized as a cancer hallmark, nevertheless miRNA function and expression does not always correlate in patients tissues and cell lines studies. In addition to this issue, miRNA strand usage conduces to increased cell signaling pathways modulation diversifying cellular processes regulation. In cervical cancer, 20 miRNA families are involved in carcinogenesis induction and development to this moment. These families have 5p and 3p strands with different nucleotide (nt) chain sizes. In general, mature 5p strands are larger: two miRNAs of 24 nt, 24 miRNAs of 23 nt, 35 miRNAs of 22 nt and three miRNAs of 21 nt. On the other hand, the 3p strands lengths observed are: seven miRNAs of 23 nt, 50 miRNAs of 22 nt, six miRNAs of 21 nt and four miRNAs of 20 nt. Based on the analysis of the 20 miRNA families associated with cervical cancer, 67 3p strands and 65 5p strands are selected suggesting selectivity and specificity mechanisms regulating cell processes like proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, metabolism and Warburg effect. The insight reviewed here could be used in the miRNA based therapy, diagnosis and prognosis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Judith Granados-López
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Campus II, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
| | - José Luis Ruiz-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
| | | | - José Luis Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Araceli Reyes-Estrada
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas en la Especialidad en Farmacología Médica y Molecular de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacas, Campus Siglo XXI, Kilómetro 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas CP 98160, Mexico.
| | - Rosalinda Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas en la Especialidad en Farmacología Médica y Molecular de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacas, Campus Siglo XXI, Kilómetro 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas CP 98160, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Campus II, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
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44
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Solution structure and binding specificity of the p63 DNA binding domain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26707. [PMID: 27225672 PMCID: PMC4880913 DOI: 10.1038/srep26707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
p63 is a close homologue of p53 and, together with p73, is grouped into the p53 family of transcription factors. p63 is known to be involved in the induction of controlled apoptosis important for differentiation processes, germ line integrity and development. Despite its high homology to p53, especially within the DNA binding domain (DBD), p63-DBD does not show cooperative DNA binding properties and is significantly more stable against thermal and chemical denaturation. Here, we determined the solution structure of p63-DBD and show that it is markedly less dynamic than p53-DBD. In addition, we also investigate the effect of a double salt bridge present in p53-DBD, but not in p63-DBD on the cooperative binding behavior and specificity to various DNA sites. Restoration of the salt bridges in p63-DBD by mutagenesis leads to enhanced binding affinity to p53-specific, but not p63-specific response elements. Furthermore, we show that p63-DBD is capable of binding to anti-apoptotic BclxL via its DNA binding interface, a feature that has only been shown for p53 so far. These data suggest that all p53 family members - despite alterations in the specificity and binding affinity - are capable of activating pro-apoptotic pathways in a tissue specific manner.
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Laptenko O, Shiff I, Freed-Pastor W, Zupnick A, Mattia M, Freulich E, Shamir I, Kadouri N, Kahan T, Manfredi J, Simon I, Prives C. The p53 C terminus controls site-specific DNA binding and promotes structural changes within the central DNA binding domain. Mol Cell 2016; 57:1034-1046. [PMID: 25794615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA binding by numerous transcription factors including the p53 tumor suppressor protein constitutes a vital early step in transcriptional activation. While the role of the central core DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 in site-specific DNA binding has been established, the contribution of the sequence-independent C-terminal domain (CTD) is still not well understood. We investigated the DNA-binding properties of a series of p53 CTD variants using a combination of in vitro biochemical analyses and in vivo binding experiments. Our results provide several unanticipated and interconnected findings. First, the CTD enables DNA binding in a sequence-dependent manner that is drastically altered by either its modification or deletion. Second, dependence on the CTD correlates with the extent to which the p53 binding site deviates from the canonical consensus sequence. Third, the CTD enables stable formation of p53-DNA complexes to divergent binding sites via DNA-induced conformational changes within the DBD itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Laptenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Idit Shiff
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Will Freed-Pastor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew Zupnick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Melissa Mattia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ella Freulich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Inbal Shamir
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tamar Kahan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - James Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Itamar Simon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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46
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Bretz AC, Gittler MP, Charles JP, Gremke N, Eckhardt I, Mernberger M, Mandic R, Thomale J, Nist A, Wanzel M, Stiewe T. ΔNp63 activates the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway and limits the efficacy of cisplatin treatment in squamous cell carcinoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:3204-18. [PMID: 26819410 PMCID: PMC4838363 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TP63, a member of the p53 gene family gene, encodes the ΔNp63 protein and is one of the most frequently amplified genes in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the head and neck (HNSCC) and lungs (LUSC). Using an epiallelic series of siRNAs with intrinsically different knockdown abilities, we show that the complete loss of ΔNp63 strongly impaired cell proliferation, whereas partial ΔNp63 depletion rendered cells hypersensitive to cisplatin accompanied by an accumulation of DNA damage. Expression profiling revealed wide-spread transcriptional regulation of DNA repair genes and in particular Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway components such as FANCD2 and RAD18 - known to be crucial for the repair of cisplatin-induced interstrand crosslinks. In SCC patients ΔNp63 levels significantly correlate with FANCD2 and RAD18 expression confirming ΔNp63 as a key activator of the FA pathway in vivo Mechanistically, ΔNp63 bound an upstream enhancer of FANCD2 inactive in primary keratinocytes but aberrantly activated by ΔNp63 in SCC. Consistently, depletion of FANCD2 sensitized to cisplatin similar to depletion of ΔNp63. Together, our results demonstrate that ΔNp63 directly activates the FA pathway in SCC and limits the efficacy of cisplatin treatment. Targeting ΔNp63 therefore would not only inhibit SCC proliferation but also sensitize tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Catherine Bretz
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam P Gittler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Joël P Charles
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Gremke
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ines Eckhardt
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Mandic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thomale
- Institute of Cell Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wanzel
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg, Germany
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47
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Chen J. The Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Functions of p53 in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a026104. [PMID: 26931810 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P53 is a transcription factor highly inducible by many stress signals such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, and nutrient deprivation. Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis are the most prominent outcomes of p53 activation. Many studies showed that p53 cell-cycle and apoptosis functions are important for preventing tumor development. p53 also regulates many cellular processes including metabolism, antioxidant response, and DNA repair. Emerging evidence suggests that these noncanonical p53 activities may also have potent antitumor effects within certain context. This review focuses on the cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis functions of p53, their roles in tumor suppression, and the regulation of cell fate decision after p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Chen
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612
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48
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CRISPR-Cas9-based target validation for p53-reactivating model compounds. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 12:22-8. [PMID: 26595461 PMCID: PMC4910870 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor by Mdm2 is one of the most frequent events in cancer, so compounds targeting the p53-Mdm2 interaction are promising for cancer therapy. Mechanisms conferring resistance to p53-reactivating compounds are largely unknown. Here we show using CRISPR-Cas9–based target validation in lung and colorectal cancer that the activity of nutlin, which blocks the p53-binding pocket of Mdm2, strictly depends on functional p53. In contrast, sensitivity to the drug RITA, which binds the Mdm2-interacting N terminus of p53, correlates with induction of DNA damage. Cells with primary or acquired RITA resistance display cross-resistance to DNA crosslinking compounds such as cisplatin and show increased DNA cross-link repair. Inhibition of FancD2 by RNA interference or pharmacological mTOR inhibitors restores RITA sensitivity. The therapeutic response to p53-reactivating compounds is therefore limited by compound-specific resistance mechanisms that can be resolved by CRISPR-Cas9-based target validation and should be considered when allocating patients to p53-reactivating treatments.
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49
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Ramos A, Tse PW, Wang J, Ethayathulla AS, Viadiu H. Sequence Variation in the Response Element Determines Binding by the Transcription Factor p73. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6961-72. [PMID: 26529454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How the sequence of a response element affects the binding of a transcription factor and, ultimately, the differential rate of transcription of genes under its control is not well-understood. In the case of the p73 transcription factor, it binds to >200 response elements to trigger developmental, cell arrest, and apoptotic pathways. The p73 response elements match the 20 bp consensus sequence of the p53 response elements that are formed by two 10 bp half-sites, where each half-site is an inverted repeat of two 5 bp quarter-sites. Using sedimentation velocity and fluorescence anisotropy experiments, we studied how systematic variations in the sequence of a half-site response element modify the DNA binding affinity of the p73 DNA-binding domain. We observed that each nucleotide position in the response element has a different influence in determining the binding of the p73 DNA-binding domain. The cytosine in the fourth position of each quarter-site is the largest determinant of DNA binding, followed by the nucleotide in the fifth position, and last, the first three positions show a slight regulatory preference for purines. Together with previous structural and functional results, our data suggest a hierarchical model of binding in which some nucleotide positions in the response element are more important than others in determining the binding of the transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramos
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Pui-Wah Tse
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Jessie Wang
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Abdul S Ethayathulla
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Hector Viadiu
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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50
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Kruiswijk F, Labuschagne CF, Vousden KH. p53 in survival, death and metabolic health: a lifeguard with a licence to kill. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:393-405. [PMID: 26122615 DOI: 10.1038/nrm4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The function of p53 as a tumour suppressor has been attributed to its ability to promote cell death or permanently inhibit cell proliferation. However, in recent years, it has become clear that p53 can also contribute to cell survival. p53 regulates various metabolic pathways, helping to balance glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, and contributing to the ability of cells to adapt to and survive mild metabolic stresses. Although these activities may be integrated into the tumour suppressive functions of p53, deregulation of some elements of the p53-induced response might also provide tumours with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Kruiswijk
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK. [2]
| | | | - Karen H Vousden
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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