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Bertero E, Popoiu TA, Maack C. Mitochondrial calcium in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:569-585. [PMID: 38890208 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) signals play a central role in cardiac homeostasis and disease. In the healthy heart, mitochondrial Ca2+ levels modulate the rate of oxidative metabolism to match the rate of adenosine triphosphate consumption in the cytosol. During ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, pathologically high levels of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which releases solutes and small proteins from the matrix, causing mitochondrial swelling and ultimately leading to cell death. Pharmacological and genetic approaches to tune mitochondrial Ca2+ handling by regulating the activity of the main Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways, i.e., the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and sodium/Ca2+ exchanger, represent promising therapeutic strategies to protect the heart from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Shapiro IM, Risbud MV, Landis WJ. Toward understanding the cellular control of vertebrate mineralization: The potential role of mitochondria. Bone 2024; 185:117112. [PMID: 38697384 PMCID: PMC11251007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the possible role of mitochondria in maintaining calcium and phosphate ion homeostasis and participating in the mineralization of bone, cartilage and other vertebrate hard tissues. The paper builds on the known structural features of mitochondria and the documented observations in these tissues that the organelles contain calcium phosphate granules. Such deposits in mitochondria putatively form to buffer excessively high cytosolic calcium ion concentrations and prevent metabolic deficits and even cell death. While mitochondria protect cytosolic enzyme systems through this buffering capacity, the accumulation of calcium ions by mitochondria promotes the activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA/Krebs) cycle, increases oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, and leads to changes in intramitochondrial pH. These pH alterations influence ion solubility and possibly the transitions and composition in the mineral phase structure of the granules. Based on these considerations, mitochondria are proposed to support the mineralization process by providing a mobile store of calcium and phosphate ions, in smaller cluster or larger granule form, while maintaining critical cellular activities. The rise in the mitochondrial calcium level also increases the generation of citrate and other TCA cycle intermediates that contribute to cell function and the development of extracellular mineral. This paper suggests that another key role of the mitochondrion, along with the effects just noted, is to supply phosphate ions, derived from the breakdown of ATP, to endolysosomes and autophagic vesicles originating in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi and at the plasma membrane. These many separate but interdependent mitochondrial functions emphasize the critical importance of this organelle in the cellular control of vertebrate mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - William J Landis
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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3
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Wu K, Shieh JS, Qin L, Guo JJ. Mitochondrial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:76. [PMID: 38849951 PMCID: PMC11162051 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders characterized by prolonged muscle inflammation, resulting in enduring pain and diminished functionality, pose significant challenges for the patients. Emerging scientific evidence points to mitochondrial malfunction as a pivotal factor contributing to these ailments. Mitochondria play a critical role in powering skeletal muscle activity, but in the context of persistent inflammation, disruptions in their quantity, configuration, and performance have been well-documented. Various disturbances, encompassing alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (such as fission and fusion), calcium regulation, oxidative stress, biogenesis, and the process of mitophagy, are believed to play a central role in the progression of these disorders. Additionally, unfolded protein responses and the accumulation of fatty acids within muscle cells may adversely affect the internal milieu, impairing the equilibrium of mitochondrial functioning. The structural discrepancies between different mitochondrial subsets namely, intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria likely impact their metabolic capabilities and susceptibility to inflammatory influences. The release of signals from damaged mitochondria is known to incite inflammatory responses. Intriguingly, migrasomes and extracellular vesicles serve as vehicles for intercellular transfer of mitochondria, aiding in the removal of impaired mitochondria and regulation of inflammation. Viral infections have been implicated in inducing stress on mitochondria. Prolonged dysfunction of these vital organelles sustains oxidative harm, metabolic irregularities, and heightened cytokine release, impeding the body's ability to repair tissues. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advancements in understanding changes in the intracellular environment, mitochondrial architecture and distribution, biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, oxidative stress, cytokines associated with mitochondria, vesicular structures, and associated membranes in the context of chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders. Strategies targeting key elements regulating mitochondrial quality exhibit promise in the restoration of mitochondrial function, alleviation of inflammation, and enhancement of overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Sheng Shieh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of the Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Jiong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- MOE China-Europe Sports Medicine Belt and Road Joint Laboratory, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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An G, Park J, Song J, Hong T, Song G, Lim W. Relevance of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria axis in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:40-50. [PMID: 38172597 PMCID: PMC10834980 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between organelles are responsible for a variety of intercellular functions, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial axis is recognized as a representative interorganelle system. Several studies have confirmed that most proteins in the physically tethered sites between the ER and mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), are vital for intracellular physiology. MAM proteins are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics and are associated with processes related to intracellular stress conditions, such as oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses. Accumulating evidence has shown that, owing to their extensive involvement in cellular homeostasis, alterations in the ER-mitochondrial axis are one of the etiological factors of tumors. An in-depth understanding of MAM proteins and their impact on cell physiology, particularly in cancers, may help elucidate their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancers. For example, the modulation of MAM proteins is utilized not only to target diverse intracellular signaling pathways within cancer cells but also to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer reagents and regulate immune cell activities. Therefore, the current review summarizes and discusses recent advances in research on the functional roles of MAM proteins and their characteristics in cancers from a diagnostic perspective. Additionally, this review provides insights into diverse therapeutic strategies that target MAM proteins in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Bychkova S, Bychkov M, Dordevic D, Vítězová M, Rittmann SKMR, Kushkevych I. Bafilomycin A1 Molecular Effect on ATPase Activity of Subcellular Fraction of Human Colorectal Cancer and Rat Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1657. [PMID: 38338935 PMCID: PMC10855383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bafilomycin A1 inhibits V-type H+ ATPases on the molecular level, which acidifies endo-lysosomes. The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of bafilomycin A1 on Ca2+ content, NAADP-induced Ca2+ release, and ATPase activity in rat hepatocytes and human colon cancer samples. Chlortetracycline (CTC) was used for a quantitative measure of stored calcium in permeabilized rat hepatocytes. ATPase activity was determined by orthophosphate content released after ATP hydrolysis in subcellular post-mitochondrial fraction obtained from rat liver as well as from patients' samples of colon mucosa and colorectal cancer samples. In rat hepatocytes, bafilomycin A1 decreased stored Ca2+ and prevented the effect of NAADP on stored Ca2+. This effect was dependent on EGTA-Ca2+ buffers in the medium. Bafilomycin A1 significantly increased the activity of Ca2+ ATPases of endoplasmic reticulum (EPR), but not plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ ATPases in rat liver. Bafilomycin A1 also prevented the effect of NAADP on these pumps. In addition, bafilomycin A1 reduced Na+/K+ ATPase activity and increased basal Mg2+ ATPase activity in the subcellular fraction of rat liver. Concomitant administration of bafilomycin A1 and NAADP enhanced these effects. Bafilomycin A1 increased the activity of the Ca2+ ATPase of EPR in the subcellular fraction of normal human colon mucosa and also in colon cancer tissue samples. In contrast, it decreased Ca2+ ATPase PM activity in samples of normal human colon mucosa and caused no changes in colon cancer. Bafilomycin A1 decreased Na+/K+ ATPase activity and increased basal Mg2+ ATPase activity in normal colon mucosa samples and in human colon cancer samples. It can be concluded that bafilomycin A1 targets NAADP-sensitive acidic Ca2+ stores, effectively modulates ATPase activity, and assumes the link between acidic stores and EPR. Bafilomycin A1 may be useful for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiia Bychkova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Mykola Bychkov
- Department of Therapy No. 1, Medical Diagnostic and Hematology and Transfusiology of Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Dani Dordevic
- Department of Plant Origin Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Monika Vítězová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Universität Wien, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Ivan Kushkevych
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Graff SM, Nakhe AY, Dadi PK, Dickerson MT, Dobson JR, Zaborska KE, Ibsen CE, Butterworth RB, Vierra NC, Jacobson DA. TALK-1-mediated alterations of β-cell mitochondrial function and insulin secretion impair glucose homeostasis on a diabetogenic diet. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113673. [PMID: 38206814 PMCID: PMC10961926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) homeostasis is critical for β-cell function and becomes disrupted during the pathogenesis of diabetes. [Ca2+]m uptake is dependent on elevations in cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c) and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ER) release, both of which are regulated by the two-pore domain K+ channel TALK-1. Here, utilizing a novel β-cell TALK-1-knockout (β-TALK-1-KO) mouse model, we found that TALK-1 limited β-cell [Ca2+]m accumulation and ATP production. However, following exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD), ATP-linked respiration, glucose-stimulated oxygen consumption rate, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were increased in control but not TALK1-KO mice. Although β-TALK-1-KO animals showed similar GSIS before and after HFD treatment, these mice were protected from HFD-induced glucose intolerance. Collectively, these data identify that TALK-1 channel control of β-cell function reduces [Ca2+]m and suggest that metabolic remodeling in diabetes drives dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Graff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Arya Y Nakhe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jordyn R Dobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chloe E Ibsen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Regan B Butterworth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas C Vierra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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7
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Voeltz GK, Sawyer EM, Hajnóczky G, Prinz WA. Making the connection: How membrane contact sites have changed our view of organelle biology. Cell 2024; 187:257-270. [PMID: 38242082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The view of organelles and how they operate together has changed dramatically over the last two decades. The textbook view of organelles was that they operated largely independently and were connected by vesicular trafficking and the diffusion of signals through the cytoplasm. We now know that all organelles make functional close contacts with one another, often called membrane contact sites. The study of these sites has moved to center stage in cell biology as it has become clear that they play critical roles in healthy and developing cells and during cell stress and disease states. Contact sites have important roles in intracellular signaling, lipid metabolism, motor-protein-mediated membrane dynamics, organelle division, and organelle biogenesis. Here, we summarize the major conceptual changes that have occurred in cell biology as we have come to appreciate how contact sites integrate the activities of organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Voeltz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - E M Sawyer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - G Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - W A Prinz
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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8
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Csordás G, Weaver D, Várnai P, Hajnóczky G. Supralinear Dependence of the IP 3 Receptor-to-Mitochondria Local Ca 2+ Transfer on the Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Loading. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241229273. [PMID: 38362008 PMCID: PMC10868505 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241229273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signal propagation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria regulates a multitude of mitochondrial and cell functions, including oxidative ATP production and cell fate decisions. Ca2+ transfer is optimal at the ER-mitochondrial contacts, where inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3R) can locally expose the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU) to high [Ca2+] nanodomains. The Ca2+ loading state of the ER (Ca2 + ER) can vary broadly in physiological and pathological scenarios, however, the correlation between Ca2 + ER and the local Ca2+ transfer is unclear. Here, we studied IP3-induced Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria at different Ca2 + ER in intact and permeabilized RBL-2H3 cells via fluorescence measurements of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial matrix [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m). Preincubation of intact cells in high versus low extracellular [Ca2+] caused disproportionally greater increase in [Ca2+]m than [Ca2+]c responses to IP3-mobilizing agonist. Increasing Ca2 + ER by small Ca2+ boluses in suspensions of permeabilized cells supralinearly enhanced the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from IP3-induced Ca2+ release. The IP3-induced local [Ca2+] spikes exposing the mitochondrial surface measured using a genetically targeted sensor appeared to linearly correlate with Ca2 + ER, indicating that amplification happened in the mitochondria. Indeed, overexpression of an EF-hand deficient mutant of the mtCU gatekeeper MICU1 reduced the cooperativity of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Interestingly, the IP3-induced [Ca2+]m signal plateaued at high Ca2 + ER, indicating activation of a matrix Ca2+ binding/chelating species. Mitochondria thus seem to maintain a "working [Ca2+]m range" via a low-affinity and high-capacity buffer species, and the ER loading steeply enhances the IP3R-linked [Ca2+]m signals in this working range.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csordás
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Weaver
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ghosh S, Dahiya M, Kumar A, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Calcium imaging: a technique to monitor calcium dynamics in biological systems. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1777-1811. [PMID: 38222278 PMCID: PMC10784449 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a multifaceted signaling molecule that acts as an important second messenger. During the course of evolution, plants and animals have developed Ca2+ signaling in order to respond against diverse stimuli, to regulate a large number of physiological and developmental pathways. Our understanding of Ca2+ signaling and its components in physiological phenomena ranging from lower to higher organisms, and from single cell to multiple tissues has grown exponentially. The generation of Ca2+ transients or signatures for various stress factor is a well-known mechanism adopted in plant and animal systems. However, the decoding of such remarkable signatures is an uphill task and is always an interesting goal for the scientific community. In the past few decades, studies on the concentration and dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ are significantly increasing and have become a trend in modern biology. The advancement in approaches from Ca2+ binding dyes to in vivo Ca2+ imaging through the use of Ca2+ biosensors to achieve spatio-temporal resolution in micro and milliseconds range, provide us phenomenal opportunities to study live cell Ca2+ imaging or dynamics. Here, we describe the usage, improvement and advancement of Ca2+ based dyes, genetically encoded probes and sensors to achieve extraordinary Ca2+ imaging in plants and animals. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ghosh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Monika Dahiya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
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10
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Han D, Yang N, Liu H, Yao Y, Xu S. TBBPA causes apoptosis in grass carp hepatocytes involving destroyed ER-mitochondrial function. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139974. [PMID: 37648165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most-produced brominated flame retardant, which can be found in various industrial and household products. Studies have shown that TBBPA has hepatotoxicity, and could pose a risk to aquatic animals. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are two important organelles that are highly dynamic in cells, the homeostasis and orchestrated interactions of which are crucial to maintaining cellular function. The aim of this study was to explore the involvement of ER-mitochondria crosstalk in TBBPA-induced toxicity in aquatic animals' hepatocytes. Herein, we exposed grass carp hepatocytes (L8824 cells) to different concentrations of TBBPA. Our experimental results suggested that TBBPA exposure suppressed cell viability and caused apoptosis of L8824 cells. TBBPA treatment upregulated expressions of ER stress markers, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in L8824 cells. However, the pretreatment of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) could alleviate TBBPA-induced cell apoptosis, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, 2-APB pretreat relieved ER-mitochondrial contact and the expression of ER-mitochondrial function-related genes induced by high-dose TBBPA. Taken together, these results indicated that TBBPA caused grass carp hepatocyte apoptosis by destroying ER-mitochondrial crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Naixi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yujie Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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11
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Haynes V, Giulivi C. Calcium-Dependent Interaction of Nitric Oxide Synthase with Cytochrome c Oxidase: Implications for Brain Bioenergetics. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1534. [PMID: 38002494 PMCID: PMC10669843 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted nitric oxide production is relevant for maintaining cellular energy production, protecting against oxidative stress, regulating cell death, and promoting neuroprotection. This study aimed to characterize the putative interaction of nitric-oxide synthase with mitochondrial proteins. The primary finding of this study is that cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) subunit IV (CCOIV) is associated directly with NOS in brain mitochondria when calcium ions are present. The matrix side of CCOIV binds to the N-terminus of NOS, supported by the abrogation of the binding by antibodies towards the N-terminus of NOS. Evidence supporting the interaction between CCOIV and NOS was provided by the coimmunoprecipitation of NOS from detergent-solubilized whole rat brain mitochondria with antibodies to CCOIV and the coimmunoprecipitation of CCOIV from crude brain NOS preparations using antibodies to NOS. The CCOIV domain that interacts with NOS was identified using a series of overlapping peptides derived from the primary sequence of CCOIV. As calcium ions not only activate NOS, but also facilitate the docking of NOS to CCOIV, this study points to a dynamic mechanism of controlling the bioenergetics by calcium changes, thereby adapting bioenergetics to cellular demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Haynes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDH, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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12
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Yepuri G, Ramirez LM, Theophall GG, Reverdatto SV, Quadri N, Hasan SN, Bu L, Thiagarajan D, Wilson R, Díez RL, Gugger PF, Mangar K, Narula N, Katz SD, Zhou B, Li H, Stotland AB, Gottlieb RA, Schmidt AM, Shekhtman A, Ramasamy R. DIAPH1-MFN2 interaction regulates mitochondria-SR/ER contact and modulates ischemic/hypoxic stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6900. [PMID: 37903764 PMCID: PMC10616211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle contact and communication between mitochondria and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) maintain cellular homeostasis and are profoundly disturbed during tissue ischemia. We tested the hypothesis that the formin Diaphanous-1 (DIAPH1), which regulates actin dynamics, signal transduction and metabolic functions, contributes to these processes. We demonstrate that DIAPH1 interacts directly with Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) to shorten mitochondria-SR/ER distance, thereby enhancing mitochondria-ER contact in cells including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and macrophages. Solution structure studies affirm the interaction between the Diaphanous Inhibitory Domain and the cytosolic GTPase domain of MFN2. In male rodent and human cardiomyocytes, DIAPH1-MFN2 interaction regulates mitochondrial turnover, mitophagy, and oxidative stress. Introduction of synthetic linker construct, which shorten the mitochondria-SR/ER distance, mitigated the molecular and functional benefits of DIAPH1 silencing in ischemia. This work establishes fundamental roles for DIAPH1-MFN2 interaction in the regulation of mitochondria-SR/ER contact networks. We propose that targeting pathways that regulate DIAPH1-MFN2 interactions may facilitate recovery from tissue ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Yepuri
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Lisa M Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Gregory G Theophall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Sergei V Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Syed Nurul Hasan
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Lei Bu
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Devi Thiagarajan
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Robin Wilson
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Raquel López Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Kaamashri Mangar
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stuart D Katz
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Boyan Zhou
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aleksandr B Stotland
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA.
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13
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Chen M, Yan R, Ding L, Luo J, Ning J, Zhou R. Research Advances of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2983-2995. [PMID: 37294392 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) increases postoperative dementia and mortality in patients and has no effective treatment. Although the detailed pathogenesis of PND is still elusive, a large amount of evidence suggests that damaged mitochondria may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PND. A healthy mitochondrial pool not only provides energy for neuronal metabolism but also maintains neuronal activity through other mitochondrial functions. Therefore, exploring the abnormal mitochondrial function in PND is beneficial for finding promising therapeutic targets for this disease. This article summarizes the research advances of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, mitochondrial quality control, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and cell death in the pathogenesis of PND, and briefly describes the application of mitochondria-targeted therapies in PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Jiansheng Luo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jiaqi Ning
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ruiling Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
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14
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Tessier N, Ducrozet M, Dia M, Badawi S, Chouabe C, Crola Da Silva C, Ovize M, Bidaux G, Van Coppenolle F, Ducreux S. TRPV1 Channels Are New Players in the Reticulum-Mitochondria Ca 2+ Coupling in a Rat Cardiomyoblast Cell Line. Cells 2023; 12:2322. [PMID: 37759544 PMCID: PMC10529771 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ release in microdomains formed by intercompartmental contacts, such as mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), encodes a signal that contributes to Ca2+ homeostasis and cell fate control. However, the composition and function of MAMs remain to be fully defined. Here, we focused on the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a Ca2+-permeable ion channel and a polymodal nociceptor. We found TRPV1 channels in the reticular membrane, including some at MAMs, in a rat cardiomyoblast cell line (SV40-transformed H9c2) by Western blotting, immunostaining, cell fractionation, and proximity ligation assay. We used chemical and genetic probes to perform Ca2+ imaging in four cellular compartments: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cytoplasm, mitochondrial matrix, and mitochondrial surface. Our results showed that the ER Ca2+ released through TRPV1 channels is detected at the mitochondrial outer membrane and transferred to the mitochondria. Finally, we observed that prolonged TRPV1 modulation for 30 min alters the intracellular Ca2+ equilibrium and influences the MAM structure or the hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell death. Thus, our study provides the first evidence that TRPV1 channels contribute to MAM Ca2+ exchanges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Tessier
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Mallory Ducrozet
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Maya Dia
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Sally Badawi
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Christophe Chouabe
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Michel Ovize
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Services d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires et CIC de Lyon, 69394 Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Fabien Van Coppenolle
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
| | - Sylvie Ducreux
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France; (N.T.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (C.C.D.S.); (M.O.); (G.B.); (F.V.C.)
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15
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Dridi H, Santulli G, Bahlouli L, Miotto MC, Weninger G, Marks AR. Mitochondrial Calcium Overload Plays a Causal Role in Oxidative Stress in the Failing Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37759809 PMCID: PMC10527470 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious global health challenge, affecting more than 6.2 million people in the United States and is projected to reach over 8 million by 2030. Independent of etiology, failing hearts share common features, including defective calcium (Ca2+) handling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and oxidative stress. In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ not only regulates excitation-contraction coupling, but also mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress signaling, thereby controlling the function and actual destiny of the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is an ongoing challenge in order to identify novel therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in heart failure and the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Laith Bahlouli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Marco C. Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gunnar Weninger
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
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16
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Pani P, Swalsingh G, Pani S, Senapati U, Sahu B, Pati B, Rout S, Bal NC. Seasonal cold induces divergent structural/biochemical adaptations in different skeletal muscles of Columba livia: evidence for nonshivering thermogenesis in adult birds. Biochem J 2023; 480:1397-1409. [PMID: 37622342 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Birds are endothermic homeotherms even though they lack the well-studied heat producing brown adipose tissue (BAT), found in several clades of eutherian mammals. Earlier studies in ducklings have demonstrated that skeletal muscle is the primary organ of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) plausibly via futile calcium (Ca2+)-handling through ryanodine receptor (RyR) and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). However, recruitment of futile Ca2+-cycling in adult avian skeletal muscle has not been documented. Studies in mammals show remarkable mitochondrial remodeling concurrently with muscle NST during cold. Here, we wanted to define the mitochondrial and biochemical changes in the muscles in free-ranging adult birds and whether different skeletal muscle groups undergo similar seasonal changes. We analyzed four different muscles (pectoralis, biceps, triceps and iliotibialis) from local pigeon (Columba livia) collected during summer and winter seasons in two consecutive years. Remarkable increase in mitochondrial capacity was observed as evidenced from succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity staining in all the muscles. Interestingly, fibers with low SDH activity exhibited greater cross-sectional area during winter in all muscles except iliotibialis and became peripherally arranged in individual fascicles of pectoralis, which might indicate increased shivering. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that SERCA, sarcolipin and RyR are up-regulated to different levels in the muscles analyzed indicating muscle NST via futile Ca2+-cycling is recruited to varying degrees in winter. Moreover, proteins of mitochondrial-SR-tethering and biogenesis also showed differential alterations across the muscles. These data suggest that tropical winter (∼15°C) is sufficient to induce distinct remodeling across muscles in adult bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyadhara Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | | | - Sunil Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Unmod Senapati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Benudhara Pati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Subhasmita Rout
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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17
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Sammeta SS, Banarase TA, Rahangdale SR, Wankhede NL, Aglawe MM, Taksande BG, Mangrulkar SV, Upaganlawar AB, Koppula S, Kopalli SR, Umekar MJ, Kale MB. Molecular understanding of ER-MT communication dysfunction during neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:59-71. [PMID: 37495165 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological researchers are seeing organelles in a new light. These cellular entities have been believed to be singular and distinctive structures that performed specialized purposes for a very long time. But in recentpast years, scientists have learned that organelles become dynamic and make physical contact. Additionally, Biological processes are regulated by organelles interactions and its alteration play an important role in cell malfunctioning and several pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial-ER contact sites (MERCS) have received considerable attention in the domain of cell homeostasis and dysfunction, specifically in the area of neurodegeneration. This is largely due to the significant role of this subcellular compartment in a diverse array of vital cellular functions, including Ca2+ homeostasis, transport, bioenergetics and turnover, mitochondrial dynamics, apoptotic signaling, ER stress, and inflammation. A significant number of disease-associated proteins were found to physically interact with the ER-Mitochondria (ER-MT) interface, causing structural and/or functional alterations in this compartment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the structure and functions of the ER-MT contact sites, as well as the possible repercussions of their alteration in notable neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and fronto-temporal dementia. The constraints and complexities in defining the nature and origin of the highlighted defects in ER-MT communication, as well as their concise contribution to the neurodegenerative process, are illustrated in particular. The possibility of using MERCS as a potential drug target to prevent neuronal damage and ultimately neurodegeneration is the topic of our final discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkumar S Sammeta
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Trupti A Banarase
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Sandip R Rahangdale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Manish M Aglawe
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Shubhada V Mangrulkar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
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18
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Popoiu TA, Maack C, Bertero E. Mitochondrial calcium signaling and redox homeostasis in cardiac health and disease. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1235188. [PMID: 39086688 PMCID: PMC11285591 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1235188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The energy demand of cardiomyocytes changes continuously in response to variations in cardiac workload. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is fueled primarily by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The rate of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is matched to the rate of ATP consumption in the cytosol by the parallel activation of oxidative phosphorylation by calcium (Ca2+) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). During cardiac workload transitions, Ca2+ accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix, where it stimulates the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In this review, we describe how mitochondria internalize and extrude Ca2+, the relevance of this process for ATP production and redox homeostasis in the healthy heart, and how derangements in ion handling cause mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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19
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Naón D, Hernández-Alvarez MI, Shinjo S, Wieczor M, Ivanova S, Martins de Brito O, Quintana A, Hidalgo J, Palacín M, Aparicio P, Castellanos J, Lores L, Sebastián D, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J, Joven J, Orozco M, Zorzano A, Scorrano L. Splice variants of mitofusin 2 shape the endoplasmic reticulum and tether it to mitochondria. Science 2023; 380:eadh9351. [PMID: 37347868 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, different organelles interact at membrane contact sites stabilized by tethers. Mitochondrial mitofusin 2 (MFN2) acts as a membrane tether that interacts with an unknown partner on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this work, we identified the MFN2 splice variant ERMIT2 as the ER tethering partner of MFN2. Splicing of MFN2 produced ERMIT2 and ERMIN2, two ER-specific variants. ERMIN2 regulated ER morphology, whereas ERMIT2 localized at the ER-mitochondria interface and interacted with mitochondrial mitofusins to tether ER and mitochondria. This tethering allowed efficient mitochondrial calcium ion uptake and phospholipid transfer. Expression of ERMIT2 ameliorated the ER stress, inflammation, and fibrosis typical of liver-specific Mfn2 knockout mice. Thus, ER-specific MFN2 variants display entirely extramitochondrial MFN2 functions involved in interorganellar tethering and liver metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Naón
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Satoko Shinjo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Milosz Wieczor
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Saska Ivanova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Albert Quintana
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Aparicio
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Castellanos
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Lores
- Pneumology Department, Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Medicine School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona and Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Medicine School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona and Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Medicine School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona and Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
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20
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Cho E, Woo Y, Suh Y, Suh BK, Kim SJ, Nhung TTM, Yoo JY, Nghi TD, Lee SB, Mun DJ, Park SK. Ratiometric measurement of MAM Ca 2+ dynamics using a modified CalfluxVTN. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3586. [PMID: 37328454 PMCID: PMC10276021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is a structure where these calcium-regulating organelles form close physical contact sites for efficient Ca2+ crosstalk. Despite the central importance of MAM Ca2+ dynamics in diverse biological processes, directly and specifically measuring Ca2+ concentrations inside MAM is technically challenging. Here, we develop MAM-Calflux, a MAM-specific BRET-based Ca2+ indicator. The successful application of the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) concept highlights Ca2+-responsive BRET signals in MAM. The BiFC strategy imparts dual functionality as a Ca2+ indicator and quantitative structural marker specific for MAM. As a ratiometric Ca2+ indicator, MAM-Calflux estimates steady-state MAM Ca2+ levels. Finally, it enables the visualization of uneven intracellular distribution of MAM Ca2+ and the elucidation of abnormally accumulated MAM Ca2+ from the neurons of Parkinson's disease mouse model in both steady-state and stimulated conditions. Therefore, we propose that MAM-Calflux can be a versatile tool for ratiometrically measuring dynamic inter-organellar Ca2+ communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyul Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeong Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Gouriou Y, Gonnot F, Wehbi M, Brun C, Gomez L, Bidaux G. High-sensitivity calcium biosensor on the mitochondrial surface reveals that IP3R channels participate in the reticular Ca2+ leak towards mitochondria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285670. [PMID: 37294746 PMCID: PMC10256219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used to monitor dynamics and sub-cellular spatial distribution of calcium ion (Ca2+) fluxes and their role in intracellular signaling pathways. The development of different mutations in the Ca2+-sensitive elements of the cameleon probes has allowed sensitive range of Ca2+ measurements in almost all cellular compartments. Region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tethered to mitochondria, named as the mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs), has received an extended attention since the last 5 years. Indeed, as MAMs are essential for calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function, molecular tools have been developed to assess quantitatively Ca2+ levels in the MAMs. However, sensitivity of the first generation Ca2+ biosensors on the surface of the outer-mitochondrial membrane (OMM) do not allow to measure μM or sub-μM changes in Ca2+ concentration which prevents to measure the native activity (unstimulated exogenously) of endogenous channels. In this study, we assembled a new ratiometric highly sensitive Ca2+ biosensor expressed on the surface of the outer-mitochondrial membrane (OMM). It allows the detection of smaller differences than the previous biosensor in or at proximity of the MAMs. Noteworthy, we demonstrated that IP3-receptors have an endogenous activity which participate to the Ca2+ leak channel on the surface of the OMM during hypoxia or when SERCA activity is blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Gouriou
- Univ-Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA Bâtiment B13, Bron, France
| | - Fabrice Gonnot
- Univ-Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA Bâtiment B13, Bron, France
| | - Mariam Wehbi
- Univ-Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA Bâtiment B13, Bron, France
| | - Camille Brun
- Univ-Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA Bâtiment B13, Bron, France
| | - Ludovic Gomez
- Univ-Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA Bâtiment B13, Bron, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Univ-Lyon CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Département de Cardiologie, IHU-OPERA Bâtiment B13, Bron, France
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22
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Weiser A, Hermant A, Bermont F, Sizzano F, Karaz S, Alvarez-Illera P, Santo-Domingo J, Sorrentino V, Feige JN, De Marchi U. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) activates mitochondrial respiration and enhances mobility by regulating mitochondrial redox state. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102759. [PMID: 37302345 PMCID: PMC10363449 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mitochondrial redox balance is emerging as a key event for cell signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the link between the mitochondrial redox state and the modulation of these conditions remains poorly defined. Here, we discovered that activation of the evolutionary conserved mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) modulates mitochondrial redox state. By using mitochondria-targeted redox and calcium sensors and genetic MCU-ablated models, we provide evidence of the causality between MCU activation and net reduction of mitochondrial (but not cytosolic) redox state. Redox modulation of redox-sensitive groups via MCU stimulation is required for maintaining respiratory capacity in primary human myotubes and C. elegans, and boosts mobility in worms. The same benefits are obtained bypassing MCU via direct pharmacological reduction of mitochondrial proteins. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MCU regulates mitochondria redox balance and that this process is required to promote the MCU-dependent effects on mitochondrial respiration and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weiser
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Aurélie Hermant
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavien Bermont
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federico Sizzano
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valladolid, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jaime Santo-Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valladolid, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Umberto De Marchi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Garcia-Casas P, Rossini M, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling and Alzheimer's disease: Too much or too little? Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102757. [PMID: 37192560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by poorly known pathogenic mechanisms and aggravated by delayed therapeutic intervention, that still lacks an effective cure. However, it is clear that some important neurophysiological processes are altered years before the onset of clinical symptoms, offering the possibility of identifying biological targets useful for implementation of new therapies. Of note, evidence has been provided suggesting that mitochondria, pivotal organelles in sustaining neuronal energy demand and modulating synaptic activity, are dysfunctional in AD samples. In particular, alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegeneration, although the exact outcomes and molecular mechanisms of these defects, as well as their longitudinal progression, are not always clear. Here, we discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial Ca2+ handling for neuronal physiology and summarize the latest findings on dysfunctional mitochondrial Ca2+ pathways in AD, analysing possible consequences contributing to the neurodegeneration that characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Garcia-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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24
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de Ridder I, Kerkhofs M, Lemos FO, Loncke J, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The ER-mitochondria interface, where Ca 2+ and cell death meet. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102743. [PMID: 37126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites are crucial to allow Ca2+ flux between them and a plethora of proteins participate in tethering both organelles together. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role at such contact sites, participating in both ER-mitochondria tethering and as Ca2+-transport system that delivers Ca2+ from the ER towards mitochondria. At the ER-mitochondria contact sites, the IP3Rs function as a multi-protein complex linked to the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, via the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). This IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex supports the efficient transfer of Ca2+ from the ER into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, from which the Ca2+ ions can reach the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Under physiological conditions, basal Ca2+ oscillations deliver Ca2+ to the mitochondrial matrix, thereby stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, when mitochondrial Ca2+ overload occurs, the increase in [Ca2+] will induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby provoking cell death. The IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex forms a hub for several other proteins that stabilize the complex and/or regulate the complex's ability to channel Ca2+ into the mitochondria. These proteins and their mechanisms of action are discussed in the present review with special attention for their role in pathological conditions and potential implication for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Jens Loncke
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
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25
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Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate in a skeletal muscle knockout model of Smn1, the causal gene of spinal muscular atrophy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:162. [PMID: 36849544 PMCID: PMC9971247 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The approved gene therapies for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), caused by loss of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1), greatly ameliorate SMA natural history but are not curative. These therapies primarily target motor neurons, but SMN1 loss has detrimental effects beyond motor neurons and especially in muscle. Here we show that SMN loss in mouse skeletal muscle leads to accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Expression profiling of single myofibers from a muscle specific Smn1 knockout mouse model revealed down-regulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal genes. Albeit levels of proteins that mark mitochondria for mitophagy were increased, morphologically deranged mitochondria with impaired complex I and IV activity and respiration and that produced excess reactive oxygen species accumulated in Smn1 knockout muscles, because of the lysosomal dysfunction highlighted by the transcriptional profiling. Amniotic fluid stem cells transplantation that corrects the SMN knockout mouse myopathic phenotype restored mitochondrial morphology and expression of mitochondrial genes. Thus, targeting muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in SMA may complement the current gene therapy.
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26
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Cagnin S, Knedlik T, Vianello C, Magalhães Rebelo AP, De Mario A, Giacomello M. Comparison among Neuroblastoma Stages Suggests the Involvement of Mitochondria in Tumor Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020596. [PMID: 36831133 PMCID: PMC9953471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor of early childhood and accounts for 15% of all pediatric cancer mortalities. However, the precise pathways and genes underlying its progression are unknown. Therefore, we performed a differential gene expression analysis of neuroblastoma stage 1 and stage 4 + 4S to discover biological processes associated with NB progression. From this preliminary analysis, we found that NB samples (stage 4 + 4S) are characterized by altered expression of some proteins involved in mitochondria function and mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS). Although further analyses remain necessary, this review may provide new hints to better understand NB molecular etiopathogenesis, by suggesting that MERCS alterations could be involved in the progression of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Tomas Knedlik
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Vianello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (M.G.)
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27
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Zajac M, Modi S, Krishnan Y. The evolution of organellar calcium mapping technologies. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102658. [PMID: 36274564 PMCID: PMC10224794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ fluxes are dynamically controlled by the co-involvement of multiple organellar pools of stored Ca2+. Endolysosomes are emerging as physiologically critical, yet underexplored, sources and sinks of intracellular Ca2+. Delineating the role of organelles in Ca2+ signaling has relied on chemical fluorescent probes and electrophysiological strategies. However, the acidic endolysosomal environment presents unique issues, which preclude the use of traditional chemical reporter strategies to map lumenal Ca2+. Here, we broadly address the current state of knowledge about organellar Ca2+ pools. We then outline the application of traditional probes, and their sensing paradigms. We then discuss how a new generation of probes overcomes the limitations of traditional Ca2+probes, emphasizing their ability to offer critical insights into endolysosomal Ca2+, and its feedback with other organellar pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zajac
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Souvik Modi
- Esya Labs, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA.
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28
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Capture at the ER-mitochondrial contacts licenses IP 3 receptors to stimulate local Ca 2+ transfer and oxidative metabolism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6779. [PMID: 36351901 PMCID: PMC9646835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs) are restructured in response to changes in cell state. While this restructuring has been implicated as a cause or consequence of pathology in numerous systems, the underlying molecular dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we show means to visualize the capture of motile IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) at ERMCs and document the immediate consequences for calcium signaling and metabolism. IP3Rs are of particular interest because their presence provides a scaffold for ERMCs that mediate local calcium signaling, and their function outside of ERMCs depends on their motility. Unexpectedly, in a cell model with little ERMC Ca2+ coupling, IP3Rs captured at mitochondria promptly mediate Ca2+ transfer, stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The Ca2+ transfer does not require linkage with a pore-forming protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Thus, motile IP3Rs can traffic in and out of ERMCs, and, when 'parked', mediate calcium signal propagation to the mitochondria, creating a dynamic arrangement that supports local communication.
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29
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Bachkoenig OA, Gottschalk B, Malli R, Graier WF. An unexpected effect of risperidone reveals a nonlinear relationship between cytosolic Ca 2+ and mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:13-35. [PMID: 36368872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria actively contribute to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release are well characterized and are attributed to the multi-protein assembly of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC) and the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Hence, Ca2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into the mitochondrial matrix has been quantitatively visualized on the subcellular level using targeted fluorescent biosensors. However, a correlation between the amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+ elevation with that in the mitochondrial matrix has not been investigated in detail so far. In the present study, we combined the Ca2+-mobilizing agonist histamine with the H1-receptor antagonist risperidone to establish a well-tunable experimental approach allowing the correlation between low, slow, high, and fast cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in response to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-triggered ER Ca2+ release. Our present data confirm a defined threshold in cytosolic Ca2+, which is necessary for the activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Moreover, our data support the hypothesis of different modes of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake depending on the source of the ion (i.e., ER vs SOCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf A Bachkoenig
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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30
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Gottschalk B, Koshenov Z, Bachkoenig OA, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. MFN2 mediates ER-mitochondrial coupling during ER stress through specialized stable contact sites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918691. [PMID: 36158213 PMCID: PMC9493370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions critically depend on a suitable ATP supply to fuel ER chaperons and protein trafficking. A disruption of the ability of the ER to traffic and fold proteins leads to ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Using structured illumination super-resolution microscopy, we revealed increased stability and lifetime of mitochondrial associated ER membranes (MAM) during ER stress. The consequent increase of basal mitochondrial Ca2+ leads to increased TCA cycle activity and enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, OXPHOS, and ATP generation during ER stress. Subsequently, OXPHOS derived ATP trafficking towards the ER was increased. We found that the increased lifetime and stability of MAMs during ER stress depended on the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin2 (MFN2). Knockdown of MFN2 blunted mitochondrial Ca2+ effect during ER stress, switched mitochondrial F1FO-ATPase activity into reverse mode, and strongly reduced the ATP supply for the ER during ER stress. These findings suggest a critical role of MFN2-dependent MAM stability and lifetime during ER stress to compensate UPR by strengthening ER ATP supply by the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf A. Bachkoenig
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - René Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang F. Graier,
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31
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Gulyas G, Korzeniowski MK, Eugenio CEB, Vaca L, Kim YJ, Balla T. LIPID transfer proteins regulate store-operated calcium entry via control of plasma membrane phosphoinositides. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102631. [PMID: 35853265 PMCID: PMC9444960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ER-resident proteins STIM1 together with the plasma membrane (PM)-localized Orai1 channels constitute the molecular components of the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway. Prepositioning of STIM1 to the peripheral ER close to the PM ensures its efficient interaction with Orai1 upon a decrease in the ER luminal Ca2+ concentration. The C-terminal polybasic domain of STIM1 has been identified as mediating the interaction with PM phosphoinositides and hence positions the molecule to ER-PM contact sites. Here we show that STIM1 requires PM phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) for efficient PM interaction. Accordingly, oxysterol binding protein related proteins (ORPs) that work at ER-PM junctions and consume PI4P gradients exert important control over the Ca2+ entry process. These studies reveal an important connection between non-vesicular lipid transport at ER-PM contact sites and regulation of ER Ca2+store refilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergo Gulyas
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marek K Korzeniowski
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Ernesto Bastián Eugenio
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico City DF, CP, 04510, USA
| | - Luis Vaca
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico City DF, CP, 04510, USA
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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32
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Kim S, Coukos R, Gao F, Krainc D. Dysregulation of organelle membrane contact sites in neurological diseases. Neuron 2022; 110:2386-2408. [PMID: 35561676 PMCID: PMC9357093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The defining evolutionary feature of eukaryotic cells is the emergence of membrane-bound organelles. Compartmentalization allows each organelle to maintain a spatially, physically, and chemically distinct environment, which greatly bolsters individual organelle function. However, the activities of each organelle must be balanced and are interdependent for cellular homeostasis. Therefore, properly regulated interactions between organelles, either physically or functionally, remain critical for overall cellular health and behavior. In particular, neuronal homeostasis depends heavily on the proper regulation of organelle function and cross talk, and deficits in these functions are frequently associated with diseases. In this review, we examine the emerging role of organelle contacts in neurological diseases and discuss how the disruption of contacts contributes to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and regulation of organelle contacts will broaden our knowledge of their role in health and disease, laying the groundwork for the development of new therapies targeting interorganelle cross talk and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert Coukos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanding Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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33
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Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial Na+ has been discovered as a new second messenger regulating inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) fluidity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by complex III (CIII). However, the roles of mitochondrial Na+ in mitochondrial redox signaling go beyond what was initially expected. Significance: In this review, we systematize the current knowledge on mitochondrial Na+ homeostasis and its implications on different modes of ROS production by mitochondria. Na+ behaves as a positive modulator of forward mitochondrial ROS production either by complex III (CIII) or by decreasing antioxidant capacity of mitochondria and as a potential negative modulator of reverse electron transfer (RET) by complex I (CI). Such duality depends on the bioenergetic status, cation and redox contexts, and can either lead to potential adaptations or cell death. Future Directions: Direct Na+ interaction with phospholipids, proven in the IMM, allows us to hypothesize its potential role in the existence and function of lipid rafts in other biological membranes regarding redox homeostasis, as well as the potential role of other monovalent cations in membrane biology. Thus, we provide the reader an update on the emerging field of mitochondrial Na+ homeostasis and its relationship with mitochondrial redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 290-300.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III CNIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-CIBERFES, Madrid. Spain
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34
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Reggiani C, Marcucci L. A controversial issue: Can mitochondria modulate cytosolic calcium and contraction of skeletal muscle fibers? J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213356. [PMID: 35849108 PMCID: PMC9297197 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are characterized by a high capacity to accumulate calcium thanks to the electrochemical gradient created by the extrusion of protons in the respiratory chain. Thereby calcium can enter crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane via MCU complex, a high-capacity, low-affinity transport mechanism. Calcium uptake serves numerous purposes, among them the regulation of three dehydrogenases of the citric cycle, apoptosis via permeability transition, and, in some cell types, modulation of cytosolic calcium transients. This Review is focused on mitochondrial calcium uptake in skeletal muscle fibers and aims to reanalyze its functional impact. In particular, we ask whether mitochondrial calcium uptake is relevant for the control of cytosolic calcium transients and therefore of contractile performance. Recent data suggest that this may be the case, at least in particular conditions, as modified expression of MCU complex subunits or of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and ablation of the main cytosolic calcium buffer, parvalbumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia,Correspondence to Carlo Reggiani:
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Japan
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35
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Gottschalk B, Koshenov Z, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Radulović S, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Bachkoenig OA, Leitinger G, Malli R, Graier WF. MICU1 controls spatial membrane potential gradients and guides Ca 2+ fluxes within mitochondrial substructures. Commun Biol 2022; 5:649. [PMID: 35778442 PMCID: PMC9249747 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ultrastructure represents a pinnacle of form and function, with the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) forming isolated pockets of cristae membrane (CM), separated from the inner-boundary membrane (IBM) by cristae junctions (CJ). Applying structured illumination and electron microscopy, a novel and fundamental function of MICU1 in mediating Ca2+ control over spatial membrane potential gradients (SMPGs) between CM and IMS was identified. We unveiled alterations of SMPGs by transient CJ openings when Ca2+ binds to MICU1 resulting in spatial cristae depolarization. This Ca2+/MICU1-mediated plasticity of the CJ further provides the mechanistic bedrock of the biphasic mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake kinetics via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) during intracellular Ca2+ release: Initially, high Ca2+ opens CJ via Ca2+/MICU1 and allows instant Ca2+ uptake across the CM through constantly active MCU. Second, MCU disseminates into the IBM, thus establishing Ca2+ uptake across the IBM that circumvents the CM. Under the condition of MICU1 methylation by PRMT1 in aging or cancer, UCP2 that binds to methylated MICU1 destabilizes CJ, disrupts SMPGs, and facilitates fast Ca2+ uptake via the CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Snježana Radulović
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Furkan E. Oflaz
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hirtl
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf A. Bachkoenig
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
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36
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GDAP1 loss of function inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by altering the actin cytoskeleton. Commun Biol 2022; 5:541. [PMID: 35662277 PMCID: PMC9166793 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease 4A is an autosomal-recessive polyneuropathy caused by mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a putative glutathione transferase, which affects mitochondrial shape and alters cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we identify the underlying mechanism. We found that patient-derived motoneurons and GDAP1 knockdown SH-SY5Y cells display two phenotypes: more tubular mitochondria and a metabolism characterized by glutamine dependence and fewer cytosolic lipid droplets. GDAP1 interacts with the actin-depolymerizing protein Cofilin-1 and beta-tubulin in a redox-dependent manner, suggesting a role for actin signaling. Consistently, GDAP1 loss causes less F-actin close to mitochondria, which restricts mitochondrial localization of the fission factor dynamin-related protein 1, instigating tubularity. GDAP1 silencing also disrupts mitochondria-ER contact sites. These changes result in lower mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, explaining the metabolic changes upon GDAP1 loss of function. Together, our findings reconcile GDAP1-associated phenotypes and implicate disrupted actin signaling in CMT4A pathophysiology. GDAP1 mutations effect Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4A by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and restricting mitochondrial localization of dynamin-related protein 1 through alterations of the actin cytoskeleton.
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37
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Grespi F, Vianello C, Cagnin S, Giacomello M, De Mario A. The Interplay of Microtubules with Mitochondria–ER Contact Sites (MERCs) in Glioblastoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040567. [PMID: 35454156 PMCID: PMC9030160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are heterogeneous neoplasms, classified into grade I to IV according to their malignancy and the presence of specific histological/molecular hallmarks. The higher grade of glioma is known as glioblastoma (GB). Although progress has been made in surgical and radiation treatments, its clinical outcome is still unfavorable. The invasive properties of GB cells and glioma aggressiveness are linked to the reshaping of the cytoskeleton. Recent works suggest that the different susceptibility of GB cells to antitumor immune response is also associated with the extent and function of mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs). The presence of MERCs alterations could also explain the mitochondrial defects observed in GB models, including abnormalities of energy metabolism and disruption of apoptotic and calcium signaling. Based on this evidence, the question arises as to whether a MERCs–cytoskeleton crosstalk exists, and whether GB progression is linked to an altered cytoskeleton–MERCs interaction. To address this possibility, in this review we performed a meta-analysis to compare grade I and grade IV GB patients. From this preliminary analysis, we found that GB samples (grade IV) are characterized by altered expression of cytoskeletal and MERCs related genes. Among them, the cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4 or CLIMP-63) appears particularly interesting as it encodes a MERCs protein controlling the ER anchoring to microtubules (MTs). Although further in-depth analyses remain necessary, this perspective review may provide new hints to better understand GB molecular etiopathogenesis, by suggesting that cytoskeletal and MERCs alterations cooperate to exacerbate the cellular phenotype of high-grade GB and that MERCs players can be exploited as novel biomarkers/targets to enhance the current therapy for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grespi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Vianello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
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38
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Makena MR, Ko M, Mekile AX, Senoo N, Dang DK, Warrington J, Buckhaults P, Talbot CC, Claypool SM, Rao R. Secretory pathway Ca 2+-ATPase SPCA2 regulates mitochondrial respiration and DNA damage response through store-independent calcium entry. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102240. [PMID: 35063802 PMCID: PMC8783100 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay between the extracellular space, cytoplasm and individual organelles modulates Ca2+ signaling to impact all aspects of cell fate and function. In recent years, the molecular machinery linking endoplasmic reticulum stores to plasma membrane Ca2+ entry has been defined. However, the mechanism and pathophysiological relevance of store-independent modes of Ca2+ entry remain poorly understood. Here, we describe how the secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase SPCA2 promotes cell cycle progression and survival by activating store-independent Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane Orai1 channels in mammary epithelial cells. Silencing SPCA2 expression or briefly removing extracellular Ca2+ increased mitochondrial ROS production, DNA damage and activation of the ATM/ATR-p53 axis leading to G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Consistent with these findings, SPCA2 knockdown confers redox stress and chemosensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Unexpectedly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2+ entry into mitochondria is required for optimal cellular respiration and the generation of mitochondrial membrane potential. In hormone receptor positive (ER+/PR+) breast cancer subtypes, SPCA2 levels are high and correlate with poor survival prognosis. We suggest that elevated SPCA2 expression could drive pro-survival and chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells, and drugs that target store-independent Ca2+ entry pathways may have therapeutic potential in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myungjun Ko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allatah X Mekile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John Warrington
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajini Rao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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39
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Rossi D, Pierantozzi E, Amadsun DO, Buonocore S, Rubino EM, Sorrentino V. The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skeletal Muscle Cells: A Labyrinth of Membrane Contact Sites. Biomolecules 2022; 12:488. [PMID: 35454077 PMCID: PMC9026860 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells is a highly ordered structure consisting of an intricate network of tubules and cisternae specialized for regulating Ca2+ homeostasis in the context of muscle contraction. The sarcoplasmic reticulum contains several proteins, some of which support Ca2+ storage and release, while others regulate the formation and maintenance of this highly convoluted organelle and mediate the interaction with other components of the muscle fiber. In this review, some of the main issues concerning the biology of the sarcoplasmic reticulum will be described and discussed; particular attention will be addressed to the structure and function of the two domains of the sarcoplasmic reticulum supporting the excitation-contraction coupling and Ca2+-uptake mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.P.); (D.O.A.); (S.B.); (E.M.R.); (V.S.)
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40
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Serrat R, Oliveira-Pinto A, Marsicano G, Pouvreau S. Imaging mitochondrial calcium dynamics in the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 373:109560. [PMID: 35320763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium handling is a particularly active research area in the neuroscience field, as it plays key roles in the regulation of several functions of the central nervous system, such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, astrocyte calcium signaling, neuronal activity… In the last few decades, a panel of techniques have been developed to measure mitochondrial calcium dynamics, relying mostly on photonic microscopy, and including synthetic sensors, hybrid sensors and genetically encoded calcium sensors. The goal of this review is to endow the reader with a deep knowledge of the historical and latest tools to monitor mitochondrial calcium events in the brain, as well as a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in brain mitochondrial calcium signaling. We will discuss the main calcium probes used in the field, their mitochondrial targeting strategies, their key properties and major drawbacks. In addition, we will detail the main roles of mitochondrial calcium handling in neuronal tissues through an extended report of the recent studies using mitochondrial targeted calcium sensors in neuronal and astroglial cells, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Alexandre Oliveira-Pinto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France.
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41
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Burgstaller S, Bischof H, Matt L, Lukowski R. Assessing K + ions and K + channel functions in cancer cell metabolism using fluorescent biosensors. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:43-51. [PMID: 35091062 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents a leading cause of death worldwide. Hence, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms causing and propelling the disease is of utmost importance. Several cancer entities are associated with altered K+ channel expression which is frequently decisive for malignancy and disease outcome. The impact of such oncogenic K+ channels on cell patho-/physiology and homeostasis and their roles in different subcellular compartments is, however, far from being understood. A refined method to simultaneously investigate metabolic and ionic signaling events on the level of individual cells and their organelles represent genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, that allow a high-resolution investigation of compartmentalized metabolite or ion dynamics in a non-invasive manner. This feature of these probes makes them versatile tools to visualize and understand subcellular consequences of aberrant K+ channel expression and activity in K+ channel related cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Burgstaller
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, 72770, Germany.
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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42
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Koshenov Z, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Gottschalk B, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. Citrin mediated metabolic rewiring in response to altered basal subcellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:76. [PMID: 35058562 PMCID: PMC8776887 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to long-term metabolic reprogramming, metabolic rewiring represents an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress. Ca2+ signals of distinct spatio-temporal patterns control a plethora of signaling processes and can determine basal cellular metabolic setting, however, Ca2+ signals that define metabolic rewiring have not been conclusively identified and characterized. Here, we reveal the existence of a basal Ca2+ flux originating from extracellular space and delivered to mitochondria by Ca2+ leakage from inositol triphosphate receptors in mitochondria-associated membranes. This Ca2+ flux primes mitochondrial metabolism by maintaining glycolysis and keeping mitochondria energized for ATP production. We identified citrin, a well-defined Ca2+-binding component of malate-aspartate shuttle in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, as predominant target of this basal Ca2+ regulation. Our data emphasize that any manipulation of this ubiquitous Ca2+ system has the potency to initiate metabolic rewiring as an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Furkan E Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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43
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Poggio E, Brini M, Calì T. Get Closer to the World of Contact Sites: A Beginner's Guide to Proximity-Driven Fluorescent Probes. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:25152564221135748. [PMID: 37366505 PMCID: PMC10243574 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221135748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To maintain cellular homeostasis and to coordinate the proper response to a specific stimulus, information must be integrated throughout the cell in a well-organized network, in which organelles are the crucial nodes and membrane contact sites are the main edges. Membrane contact sites are the cellular subdomains where two or more organelles come into close apposition and interact with each other. Even though many inter-organelle contacts have been identified, most of them are still not fully characterized, therefore their study is an appealing and expanding field of research. Thanks to significant technological progress, many tools are now available or are in rapid development, making it difficult to choose which one is the most suitable for answering a specific biological question. Here we distinguish two different experimental approaches for studying inter-organelle contact sites. The first one aims to morphologically characterize the sites of membrane contact and to identify the molecular players involved, relying mainly on the application of biochemical and electron microscopy (EM)-related methods. The second approach aims to understand the functional importance of a specific contact, focusing on spatio-temporal details. For this purpose, proximity-driven fluorescent probes are the experimental tools of choice, since they allow the monitoring and quantification of membrane contact sites and their dynamics in living cells under different cellular conditions or upon different stimuli. In this review, we focus on these tools with the purpose of highlighting their great versatility and how they can be applied in the study of membrane contacts. We will extensively describe all the different types of proximity-driven fluorescent tools, discussing their benefits and drawbacks, ultimately providing some suggestions to choose and apply the appropriate methods on a case-to-case basis and to obtain the best experimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of
Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of
Padova, Padova, Italy
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE),
University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE),
University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB),
University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University
of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Gottschalk B, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Graier WF. Cristae junction as a fundamental switchboard for mitochondrial ion signaling and bioenergetics. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102517. [PMID: 34915234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OPA1 and MICU1 are both involved in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the stabilization of the cristae junction, which separates the inner mitochondrial membrane into the interboundary membrane and the cristae membrane. In this mini-review, we focus on the synergetic control of OPA1 and MICU1 on the cristae junction that serves as a fundamental regulator of multiple mitochondrial functions. In particular, we point to the critical role of an adaptive cristae junction permeability in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling, spatial H+ gradients and mitochondrial membrane potential, metabolic activity, and apoptosis. These characteristics bear on a distinct localization of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery, the FoF1-ATPase, and mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter (MCU) within sections of the inner mitochondrial membrane isolated by the cristae junction and regulated by proteins like OPA1 and MICU1. We specifically focus on the impact of MICU1-regulated cristae junction on the activity and distribution of MCU within the complex ultrastructure of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria; BioTechMed, Graz.
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Calì T, Brini M. Quantification of organelle contact sites by split-GFP-based contact site sensors (SPLICS) in living cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5287-5308. [PMID: 34686857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites between organelles are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, which requires the continuous exchange of signaling molecules, ions, nutrients and lipids. Alterations of different contact sites are associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. However, visualizing and quantifying these contact sites remains a challenge. This protocol describes the use of split-GFP-based contact site sensors (SPLICS) in microscopy applications for mapping organelle contact sites both in fixed and living cells. SPLICS sensors are engineered to express equimolar amounts of the organelle-targeted nonfluorescent β11 and GFP1-10 portions of the split-GFP protein in a single vector, and are capable of reconstituting fluorescence when two opposing membranes come into proximity. Reconstitution will occur only over the cell volume at defined contact sites resulting in a bright signal that can be detected easily and quantified automatically with specific custom-made plugins. The use of minimal targeting sequences facilitates targeting specificity and membrane coverage, avoiding artifacts due to full-length fusion protein overexpression and, thus, possible perturbations of the cell's physiology. SPLICS sensors engineered to simultaneously detect multiple contact sites within the same cell have been generated by exploiting the ability of the β11 GFP fragment to reconstitute different color-shifted variants of the GFP1-10 fragment. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to set up SPLICS expression in living cells (2-3 d), detection and acquisition (1 d), and automated quantification with custom plugins (1-2 d). We also advise on construct design and characterization for novel organelle contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1): Potential application in mood disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:192-210. [PMID: 34537265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for innovation with respect to therapeutics in psychiatry. Available evidence indicates that the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist SEP-363856 is promising, as it improves measures of cognitive and reward function in schizophrenia. Hedonic and cognitive impairments are transdiagnostic and constitute major burdens in mood disorders. Herein, we systematically review the behavioural and genetic literature documenting the role of TAAR1 in reward and cognitive function, and propose a mechanistic model of TAAR1's functions in the brain. Notably, TAAR1 activity confers antidepressant-like effects, enhances attention and response inhibition, and reduces compulsive reward seeking without impairing normal function. Further characterization of the responsible mechanisms suggests ion-homeostatic, metabolic, neurotrophic, and anti-inflammatory enhancements in the limbic system. Multiple lines of evidence establish the viability of TAAR1 as a biological target for the treatment of mood disorders. Furthermore, the evidence suggests a role for TAAR1 in reward and cognitive function, which is attributed to a cascade of events that are relevant to the cellular integrity and function of the central nervous system.
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Galla L, Vajente N, Pendin D, Pizzo P, Pozzan T, Greotti E. Generation and Characterization of a New FRET-Based Ca 2+ Sensor Targeted to the Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189945. [PMID: 34576104 PMCID: PMC8467696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) exerts a pivotal role in controlling both physiological and detrimental cellular processes. This versatility is due to the existence of a cell-specific molecular Ca2+ toolkit and its fine subcellular compartmentalization. Study of the role of Ca2+ in cellular physiopathology greatly benefits from tools capable of quantitatively measuring its dynamic concentration ([Ca2+]) simultaneously within organelles and in the cytosol to correlate localized and global [Ca2+] changes. To this aim, as nucleoplasm Ca2+ changes mirror those of the cytosol, we generated a novel nuclear-targeted version of a Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Ca2+ probe. In particular, we modified the previously described nuclear Ca2+ sensor, H2BD3cpv, by substituting the donor ECFP with mCerulean3, a brighter and more photostable fluorescent protein. The thorough characterization of this sensor in HeLa cells demonstrated that it significantly improved the brightness and photostability compared to the original probe, thus obtaining a probe suitable for more accurate quantitative Ca2+ measurements. The affinity for Ca2+ was determined in situ. Finally, we successfully applied the new probe to confirm that cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic Ca2+ levels were similar in both resting conditions and upon cell stimulation. Examples of simultaneous monitoring of Ca2+ signal dynamics in different subcellular compartments in the very same cells are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galla
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.V.); (D.P.); (P.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Vajente
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.V.); (D.P.); (P.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Pendin
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.V.); (D.P.); (P.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.V.); (D.P.); (P.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.V.); (D.P.); (P.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.V.); (D.P.); (P.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Woo E, Sansing LH, Arnsten AFT, Datta D. Chronic Stress Weakens Connectivity in the Prefrontal Cortex: Architectural and Molecular Changes. CHRONIC STRESS 2021; 5:24705470211029254. [PMID: 34485797 PMCID: PMC8408896 DOI: 10.1177/24705470211029254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to uncontrollable stress causes loss of spines and dendrites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a recently evolved brain region that provides top-down regulation of thought, action, and emotion. PFC neurons generate top-down goals through recurrent excitatory connections on spines. This persistent firing is the foundation for higher cognition, including working memory, and abstract thought. However, exposure to acute uncontrollable stress drives high levels of catecholamine release in the PFC, which activates feedforward calcium-cAMP signaling pathways to open nearby potassium channels, rapidly weakening synaptic connectivity to reduce persistent firing. Chronic stress exposures can further exacerbate these signaling events leading to loss of spines and resulting in marked cognitive impairment. In this review, we discuss how stress signaling mechanisms can lead to spine loss, including changes to BDNF-mTORC1 signaling, calcium homeostasis, actin dynamics, and mitochondrial actions that engage glial removal of spines through inflammatory signaling. Stress signaling events may be amplified in PFC spines due to cAMP magnification of internal calcium release. As PFC dendritic spine loss is a feature of many cognitive disorders, understanding how stress affects the structure and function of the PFC will help to inform strategies for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Woo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
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Structural characterization of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter provides insights into Ca 2+ uptake and regulation. iScience 2021; 24:102895. [PMID: 34401674 PMCID: PMC8353469 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial uniporter is a Ca2+-selective ion-conducting channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is involved in various cellular processes. The components of this uniporter, including the pore-forming membrane subunit MCU and the modulatory subunits MCUb, EMRE, MICU1, and MICU2, have been identified in recent years. Previously, extensive studies revealed various aspects of uniporter activities and proposed multiple regulatory models of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Recently, the individual auxiliary components of the uniporter and its holocomplex have been structurally characterized, providing the first insight into the component structures and their spatial relationship within the context of the uniporter. Here, we review recent uniporter structural studies in an attempt to establish an architectural framework, elucidating the mechanism that governs mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and regulation, and to address some apparent controversies. This information could facilitate further characterization of mitochondrial Ca2+ permeation and a better understanding of uniporter-related disease conditions. The uniporter contains multiple subunits regulating various cellular processes Significant structural progresses have been made for the holo-complex of uniporter The holo-complex structures have inspired to propose several regulatory models
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