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Yang B, Lin Y, Huang Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103032. [PMID: 38232457 PMCID: PMC10827563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a compact redox-regulatory protein that modulates cellular redox state by reducing oxidized proteins. Trx exhibits dual functionality as an antioxidant and a cofactor for diverse enzymes and transcription factors, thereby exerting influence over their activity and function. Trx has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for various diseases, particularly those associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the significance of Trx in disease diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic elucidation. Despite its paramount importance, the intricate interplay between Trx and cellular senescence-a condition characterized by irreversible growth arrest induced by multiple aging stimuli-remains inadequately understood. In this review, our objective is to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the structure and function of Trx, its involvement in redox signaling pathways and cellular senescence, its association with aging and age-related diseases, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Our review aims to elucidate the novel and extensive role of Trx in senescence while highlighting its implications for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Senescence-Associated Cell Transition and Interaction (SACTAI): A Proposed Mechanism for Tissue Aging, Repair, and Degeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071089. [PMID: 35406653 PMCID: PMC8997723 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a broad process that occurs as a time-dependent functional decline and tissue degeneration in living organisms. On a smaller scale, aging also exists within organs, tissues, and cells. As the smallest functional unit in living organisms, cells “age” by reaching senescence where proliferation stops. Such cellular senescence is achieved through replicative stress, telomere erosion and stem cell exhaustion. It has been shown that cellular senescence is key to tissue degradation and cell death in aging-related diseases (ARD). However, senescent cells constitute only a small percentage of total cells in the body, and they are resistant to death during aging. This suggests that ARD may involve interaction of senescent cells with non-senescent cells, resulting in senescence-triggered death of non-senescent somatic cells and tissue degeneration in aging organs. Here, based on recent research evidence from our laboratory and others, we propose a mechanism—Senescence-Associated Cell Transition and Interaction (SACTAI)—to explain how cell heterogeneity arises during aging and how the interaction between somatic cells and senescent cells, some of which are derived from aging somatic cells, results in cell death and tissue degeneration.
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Feng M, Liu W, Ding J, Qiu Y, Chen Q. Sonic Hedgehog Induces Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype and Chondrocyte Apoptosis in Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716610. [PMID: 34646822 PMCID: PMC8502980 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. We show here that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) gene expression is initiated in human normal cartilage stromal cells (NCSC) and increased in OA cartilage mesenchymal stromal cells (OA-MSCs) during aging. Manifesting a reciprocal cellular distribution pattern, the SHH receptors PTCH1 and SMO and transcription factors GLI2 and GLI3 are expressed by chondrocytes (OAC) in OA cartilage. SHH autocrine treatment of osteoarthritis MSC stimulates proliferation, chondrogenesis, hypertrophy, and replicative senescence with elevated SASP gene expression including IL1B, IL6, CXCL1, and CXCL8. SHH paracrine treatment of OAC suppresses COL2A1, stimulates MMP13, and induces chondrocyte apoptosis. The OA-MSC conditioned medium recapitulates the stimulatory effects of SHH on OAC catabolism and apoptosis. SHH knock-down in OA-MSC not only inhibits catabolic and senescence marker expression in OA-MSC, but also abolishes the effect of the OA-MSC conditioned medium on OAC catabolism and apoptosis. We propose that SHH is a key mediator between OA-MSC and OA chondrocytes interaction in human OA cartilage via two mechanisms: (1) SHH mediates MSC growth and aging by activating not only its proliferation and chondrogenesis, but also low-grade inflammation and replicative senescence, and (2) SHH mediates OA-MSC-induced OAC catabolism and apoptosis by creating a pro-inflammatory microenvironment favoring tissue degeneration during OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yusheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Tyler EJ, Gutierrez del Arroyo A, Hughes BK, Wallis R, Garbe JC, Stampfer MR, Koh J, Lowe R, Philpott MP, Bishop CL. Early growth response 2 (EGR2) is a novel regulator of the senescence programme. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13318. [PMID: 33547862 PMCID: PMC7963333 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence, a state of stable growth arrest, plays an important role in ageing and age-related diseases in vivo. Although the INK4/ARF locus is known to be essential for senescence programmes, the key regulators driving p16 and ARF transcription remain largely underexplored. Using siRNA screening for modulators of the p16/pRB and ARF/p53/p21 pathways in deeply senescent human mammary epithelial cells (DS HMECs) and fibroblasts (DS HMFs), we identified EGR2 as a novel regulator of senescence. EGR2 expression is up-regulated during senescence, and its ablation by siRNA in DS HMECs and HMFs transiently reverses the senescent phenotype. We demonstrate that EGR2 activates the ARF and p16 promoters and directly binds to both the ARF and p16 promoters. Loss of EGR2 down-regulates p16 levels and increases the pool of p16- p21- 'reversed' cells in the population. Moreover, EGR2 overexpression is sufficient to induce senescence. Our data suggest that EGR2 is a direct transcriptional activator of the p16/pRB and ARF/p53/p21 pathways in senescence and a novel marker of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J. Tyler
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ana Gutierrez del Arroyo
- Translational Medicine & TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Bethany K. Hughes
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ryan Wallis
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - James C. Garbe
- Biological Systems and Engineering DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Martha R. Stampfer
- Biological Systems and Engineering DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jim Koh
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUCSFSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert Lowe
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael P. Philpott
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Cleo L. Bishop
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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Garnett S, de Bruyns A, Provencher-Tom V, Dutchak K, Shu R, Dankort D. Metabolic Regulator IAPP (Amylin) Is Required for BRAF and RAS Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:874-885. [PMID: 33500359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by a prolonged and predominantly irreversible cell-cycle arrest state, which is linked to loss of tissue function and aging in mammals. Moreover, in response to aberrant oncogenic signals such as those from oncogenic RAS or BRAF, senescence functions as an intrinsic tumor suppressor mechanism restraining tumor progression. In addition to this durable proliferative block, senescent cells adopt altered morphologies, transcriptional profiles, and metabolism, while often possessing unusual heterochromatin formation termed senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. To uncover genes that are required to permit proliferation in the face of sustained oncogene signaling, we conducted an shRNA-based genetic screen in primary cells expressing inducible BRAF. Here we show that depletion of a known glycolysis regulator, islet amylin polypeptide (IAPP also known as amylin), prevents RAS and BRAF oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in human cells. Importantly, depletion of IAPP resulted in changes of the cells' metabolome and this metabolic reprogramming was associated with widespread alterations in chromatin modifications compared with senescent cells. Conversely, exogenous treatment of IAPP-depleted cells with amylin restored OIS. Together, our results demonstrate that the metabolic regulator IAPP is important regulator of OIS. Moreover, they suggest that IAPP analog treatment or activation of IAPP signaling in RAS/BRAF mutant tumors may have therapeutic potential through senescence induction. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that IAPP is a novel metabolic regulator of oncogene-induced senescence and use of IAPP analogs may be therapeutically effective to restore growth arrest to BRAF and/or RAS mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Garnett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Kendall Dutchak
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Ran Shu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada. .,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal QC, Canada
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Primary Cilia as a Biomarker in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Senescence: Influencing Osteoblastic Differentiation Potency Associated with Hedgehog Signaling Regulation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8850114. [PMID: 33574852 PMCID: PMC7857927 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8850114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering-based therapy for bone lesions requires the expansion of seeding cells, such as autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A major obstacle to this process is the loss of the phenotype and differentiation capacity of MSCs subjected to passage. Recent studies have suggested that primary cilia, primordial organelles that transduce multiple signals, particularly hedgehog signals, play a role in senescence. Therefore, we explored the relationships among senescence, primary cilia, and hedgehog signaling in MSCs. Ageing of MSCs by expansion in vitro was accompanied by increased cell doubling time. The osteogenic capacity of aged MSCs at passage 4 was compromised compared to that of primary cells. P4 MSCs exhibited reductions in the frequency and length of primary cilia associated with decreased intensity of Arl13b staining on cilia. Senescence also resulted in downregulation of the expression of hedgehog components and CDKN2A. Suppression of ciliogenesis reduced the gene expression of both Gli1, a key molecule in the hedgehog signaling pathway and ALP, a marker of osteoblastic differentiation. This study demonstrated that the senescence of MSCs induced the loss of osteoblastic differentiation potency and inactivated hedgehog signaling associated with attenuated ciliogenesis, indicating that primary cilia play a mediating role in and are biomarkers of MSC senescence; thus, future antisenescence strategies involving manipulation of primary cilia could be developed.
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Abe Y, Tanaka N. Fine-Tuning of GLI Activity through Arginine Methylation: Its Mechanisms and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091973. [PMID: 32859041 PMCID: PMC7565022 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) family consists of GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 in mammals. This family has important roles in development and homeostasis. To achieve these roles, the GLI family has widespread outputs. GLI activity is therefore strictly regulated at multiple levels, including via post-translational modifications for context-dependent GLI target gene expression. The protein arginine methyl transferase (PRMT) family is also associated with embryogenesis, homeostasis, and cancer mainly via epigenetic modifications. In the PRMT family, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7 reportedly regulate GLI1 and GLI2 activity. PRMT1 methylates GLI1 to upregulate its activity and target gene expression. Cytoplasmic PRMT5 methylates GLI1 and promotes GLI1 protein stabilization. Conversely, nucleic PRMT5 interacts with MENIN to suppress growth arrest-specific protein 1 expression, which assists Hedgehog ligand binding to Patched, indirectly resulting in downregulated GLI1 activity. PRMT7-mediated GLI2 methylation upregulates its activity through the dissociation of GLI2 and Suppressor of Fused. Together, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7 regulate GLI activity at multiple revels. Furthermore, the GLI and PRMT families have strong links with various cancers through cancer stem cell maintenance. Therefore, PRMT-mediated regulation of GLI activity would have important roles in cancer stem cell maintenance.
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Trop2 inhibition of P16 expression and the cell cycle promotes intracellular calcium release in OSCC. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2409-2417. [PMID: 32768481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trop2 is an intracellular calcium signal transducer and a prognostic biomarker in many cancers. P16 is a cell cycle gene that negatively regulates cell proliferation and division in most human cancers. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma worldwide. Both Ca2+-dependent and cell cycle signaling pathways play vital roles in OSCC, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We aimed to examine the function of Trop2 and P16 in regulating intracellular calcium ions and the cell cycle in OSCC cell lines. Furtherly, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Trop2 and P16 in OSCC tissue samples were assessed, and their function was evaluated as potential clinical prognostic biomarkers. Trop2 promoted intracellular calcium ion release in OSCC and induced S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, Trop2-mediated Ca2+ inhibited P16 expression through the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in OSCC. Interestingly, P16 overexpression could not reverse these phenomena in vitro. We also demonstrated that human OSCC tissues showed high Trop2 mRNA and protein expression, and Trop2+/P16- expression is an independent prognostic marker for OSCC patients. Our data suggest that Trop2+/P16- may be a valuable prognostic marker for OSCC and that Trop2 inhibits P16 expression and induces S phase by promoting intracellular calcium release in OSCC.
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Álvarez-Satta M, Moreno-Cugnon L, Matheu A. Primary cilium and brain aging: role in neural stem cells, neurodegenerative diseases and glioblastoma. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 52:53-63. [PMID: 31004829 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue integrity and function as a consequence of impaired homeostasis and regeneration capacities. The primary cilium is a highly conserved organelle that projects from the cell surface in a single copy in virtually all mammalian cell types including neural stem/progenitors cells and neurons. Increasing evidence in the last decade points out that primary cilium could be a relevant mediator of neural stem cell activity, neurogenesis, neuronal maturation and maintenance, and brain tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about primary cilia roles in these processes. There is currently sufficient background to propose that defective primary cilia contribute to age-related cognitive decline and brain tumor development due to their critical roles in cell cycle control and signaling transduction. This might have potential applications on therapy against age-associated brain diseases.
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PRMT7 methylates and suppresses GLI2 binding to SUFU thereby promoting its activation. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:15-28. [PMID: 31000813 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is implicated in aging or age-related diseases. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, an inducer of embryonic development, has recently been demonstrated to inhibit cellular senescence. However, the detailed mechanisms to activate Shh signaling to prevent senescence is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) promotes Shh signaling via GLI2 methylation which is critical for suppression of cellular senescence. PRMT7-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited a premature cellular senescence with accompanied increase in the cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p21. PRMT7 depletion results in reduced Shh signaling activity in MEFs while PRMT7 overexpression enhances GLI2-reporter activities that are sensitive to methylation inhibition. PRMT7 interacts with and methylates GLI2 on arginine residues 225 and 227 nearby a binding region of SUFU, a negative regulator of GLI2. This methylation interferes with GLI2-SUFU binding, leading to facilitation of GLI2 nuclear accumulation and Shh signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that PRMT7 induces GLI2 methylation, reducing its binding to SUFU and increasing Shh signaling, ultimately leading to prevention of cellular senescence.
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Jeffries EP, Di Filippo M, Galbiati F. Failure to reabsorb the primary cilium induces cellular senescence. FASEB J 2018; 33:4866-4882. [PMID: 30596512 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801382r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is necessary for proper primary cilium disassembly before mitosis. We found that depletion of caveolin-1 expression promotes primary cilia formation through the proteasomal-dependent degradation of aurora kinase A and induces premature senescence in human fibroblasts. Down-regulation of intraflagellar transport-88, a protein essential for ciliogenesis, inhibits premature senescence induced by the depletion of caveolin-1. In support of these findings, we showed that alisertib, a pharmacological inhibitor of AURKA, causes primary cilia formation and cellular senescence by irreversibly arresting cell growth. Suppression of primary cilia formation limits cellular senescence induced by alisertib. The primary cilium must be disassembled to free its centriole to form the centrosome, a necessary structure for mitotic spindle assembly and cell division. We showed that the use of the centriole to form primary cilia blocks centrosome formation and mitotic spindle assembly and prevents the completion of mitosis in cells in which cellular senescence is caused by the inhibition of AURKA. We also found that AURKA is down-regulated and primary cilia formation is enhanced when cellular senescence is promoted by other senescence-inducing stimuli, such as oxidative stress and UV light. Thus, we propose that impaired AURKA function induces premature senescence by preventing reabsorption of the primary cilium, which inhibits centrosome and mitotic spindle formation and consequently prevents the completion of mitosis. Our study causally links the inability of the cell to disassemble the primary cilium, a microtubule-based cellular organelle, to the development of premature senescence, a functionally and pathologically relevant cellular state.-Jeffries, E. P., Di Filippo, M., Galbiati, F. Failure to reabsorb the primary cilium induces cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Jeffries
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ferruccio Galbiati
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen SD, Yang JL, Hwang WC, Yang DI. Emerging Roles of Sonic Hedgehog in Adult Neurological Diseases: Neurogenesis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082423. [PMID: 30115884 PMCID: PMC6121355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member of the hedgehog (Hh) family, was originally recognized as a morphogen possessing critical characters for neural development during embryogenesis. Recently, however, Shh has emerged as an important modulator in adult neural tissues through different mechanisms such as neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and autophagy. Therefore, Shh may potentially have clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. In this article, we present some examples, including ours, to show different aspects of Shh signaling and how Shh agonists or mimetics are used to alter the neuronal fates in various disease models, both in vitro and in vivo. Other potential mechanisms that are discussed include alteration of mitochondrial function and anti-aging effect; both are critical for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough understanding of the protective mechanisms elicited by Shh may provide a rationale to design innovative therapeutic regimens for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan.
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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Carroll B, Korolchuk VI. Nutrient sensing, growth and senescence. FEBS J 2018; 285:1948-1958. [PMID: 29405586 PMCID: PMC6001427 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell growth is dictated by a wide range of mitogenic signals, the amplitude and relative contribution of which vary throughout development, differentiation and in a tissue-specific manner. The ability to sense and appropriately respond to changes in mitogens is fundamental to control cell growth, and reduced responsiveness of nutrient sensing pathways is widely associated with human disease and ageing. Cellular senescence is an important tumour suppressor mechanism that is characterised by an irreversible exit from the cell cycle in response to replicative exhaustion or excessive DNA damage. Despite the fact that senescent cells can no longer divide, they remain metabolically active and display a range of pro-growth phenotypes that are supported in part by the mTORC1-autophagy signalling axis. As our understanding of the basic mechanisms of controlling mTORC1-autophagy activity and cell growth continues to expand, we are able to explore how changes in nutrient sensing contribute to the acquisition and maintenance of cellular senescence. Furthermore, while the protective effect of senescence to limit cellular transformation is clear, more recently, the age-related accumulation of these pro-inflammatory senescent cells has been shown to contribute to a decline in organismal fitness. We will further discuss whether dysregulation of nutrient sensing pathways can be targeted to promote senescent cell death which would have important implications for healthy ageing.
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14
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Loss-of-function of IFT88 determines metabolic phenotypes in thyroid cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4455-4474. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. It accounts for ~15% of lung cancer mortality and has had no improvement in standard treatment options for nearly 30 years. However, there is now hope for change with new therapies and modalities of therapy. Immunotherapies and checkpoint inhibitors are entering clinical practice, selected targeted therapies show promise, and "smart bomb"-based drug/radioconjugates have led to good response in early clinical trials. Additionally, new research insights into the genetics and tumor heterogeneity of SCLC alongside the availability of new tools such as patient-derived or circulating tumor cell xenografts offer the potential to shine light on this beshadowed cancer.
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Liu X, Wang Y, Liu F, Zhang M, Song H, Zhou B, Lo CW, Tong S, Hu Z, Zhang Z. Wdpcp promotes epicardial EMT and epicardium-derived cell migration to facilitate coronary artery remodeling. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/519/eaah5770. [PMID: 29487191 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah5770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During coronary vasculature development, endothelial cells enclose the embryonic heart to form the primitive coronary plexus. This structure is remodeled upon recruitment of epicardial cells that may undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to enable migration and that give rise to smooth muscle cells. In mice expressing a loss-of-function mutant form of Wdpcp, a gene involved in ciliogenesis, the enclosure of the surface of the heart by the subepicardial coronary plexus was accelerated because of enhanced chemotactic responses to Shh. Coronary arteries, but not coronary veins in Wdpcp mutant mice, showed reduced smooth muscle cell coverage. In addition, Wdpcp mutant hearts had reduced expression of EMT and mesenchymal markers and had fewer epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) that showed impaired migration. Epicardium-specific deletion of Wdpcp recapitulated the coronary artery defect of the Wdpcp mutant. Thus, Wdpcp promotes epithelial EMT and EPDC migration, processes that are required for remodeling of the coronary primitive plexus. The Wdpcp mutant mice will be a useful tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms that govern the remodeling of the primitive plexus during coronary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Liu
- Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hejie Song
- Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Shilu Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhenlei Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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17
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EMT programs promote basal mammary stem cell and tumor-initiating cell stemness by inducing primary ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10532-E10539. [PMID: 29158396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711534114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration relies on adult stem cells (SCs) that possess the ability to self-renew and produce differentiating progeny. In an analogous manner, the development of certain carcinomas depends on a small subset of tumor cells, called "tumor-initiating cells" (TICs), with SC-like properties. Mammary SCs (MaSCs) reside in the basal compartment of the mammary epithelium, and their neoplastic counterparts, mammary TICs (MaTICs), are thought to serve as the TICs for the claudin-low subtype of breast cancer. MaSCs and MaTICs both use epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs to acquire SC properties, but the mechanism(s) connecting EMT programs to stemness remain unclear. Here we show that this depends on primary cilia, which are nonmotile, cell-surface structures that serve as platforms for receiving cues and enable activation of various signaling pathways. We show that MaSC and MaTIC EMT programs induce primary cilia formation and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, which has previously been implicated in both MaSC and MaTIC function. Moreover, ablation of these primary cilia is sufficient to repress Hh signaling, the stemness of MaSCs, and the tumor-forming potential of MaTICs. Together, our findings establish primary ciliogenesis and consequent Hh signaling as a key mechanism by which MaSC and MaTIC EMT programs promote stemness and thereby support mammary tissue outgrowth and tumors of basal origin.
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18
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Yu C, Narasipura SD, Richards MH, Hu XT, Yamamoto B, Al-Harthi L. HIV and drug abuse mediate astrocyte senescence in a β-catenin-dependent manner leading to neuronal toxicity. Aging Cell 2017; 16:956-965. [PMID: 28612507 PMCID: PMC5595688 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cell senescence plays an important role in aging-associated diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. HIV leads to a spectrum of neurologic diseases collectively termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Drug abuse, particularly methamphetamine (meth), is a frequently abused psychostimulant among HIV+ individuals and its abuse exacerbates HAND. The mechanism by which HIV and meth lead to brain cell dysregulation is not entirely clear. In this study, we evaluated the impact of HIV and meth on astrocyte senescence using in vitro and several animal models. Astrocytes constitute up to 50% of brain cells and play a pivotal role in marinating brain homeostasis. We show here that HIV and meth induce significant senescence of primary human fetal astrocytes, as evaluated by induction of senescence markers (β-galactosidase and p16INK4A ), senescence-associated morphologic changes, and cell cycle arrest. HIV- and meth-mediated astrocyte senescence was also demonstrated in three small animal models (humanized mouse model of HIV/NSG-huPBMCs, HIV-transgenic rats, and in a meth administration rat model). Senescent astrocytes in turn mediated neuronal toxicity. Further, we show that β-catenin, a pro-survival/proliferation transcriptional co-activator, is downregulated by HIV and meth in human astrocytes and this downregulation promotes astrocyte senescence while induction of β-catenin blocks HIV- and meth-mediated astrocyte senescence. These studies, for the first time, demonstrate that HIV and meth induce astrocyte senescence and implicate the β-catenin pathway as potential therapeutic target to overcome astrocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Yu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Srinivas D. Narasipura
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Maureen H. Richards
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Xiu-Ti Hu
- Department of Pharmacology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Bryan Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago IL 60612 USA
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19
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Carroll B, Nelson G, Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Kucheryavenko O, Dunhill-Turner NA, Chesterman CC, Zahari Q, Zhang T, Conduit SE, Mitchell CA, Maddocks ODK, Lovat P, von Zglinicki T, Korolchuk VI. Persistent mTORC1 signaling in cell senescence results from defects in amino acid and growth factor sensing. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1949-1957. [PMID: 28566325 PMCID: PMC5496614 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and cell senescence are intimately linked to each other and to organismal aging. Inhibition of mTORC1 is the best-known intervention to extend lifespan, and recent evidence suggests that clearance of senescent cells can also improve health and lifespan. Enhanced mTORC1 activity drives characteristic phenotypes of senescence, although the underlying mechanisms responsible for increased activity are not well understood. We have identified that in human fibroblasts rendered senescent by stress, replicative exhaustion, or oncogene activation, mTORC1 is constitutively active and resistant to serum and amino acid starvation. This is driven in part by depolarization of senescent cell plasma membrane, which leads to primary cilia defects and a resultant failure to inhibit growth factor signaling. Further, increased autophagy and high levels of intracellular amino acids may act to support mTORC1 activity in starvation conditions. Interventions to correct these phenotypes restore sensitivity to the mTORC1 signaling pathway and cause death, indicating that persistent signaling supports senescent cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Carroll
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olena Kucheryavenko
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Charlotte C Chesterman
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Qabil Zahari
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tong Zhang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Penny Lovat
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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20
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Lowe R, Overhoff MG, Ramagopalan SV, Garbe JC, Koh J, Stampfer MR, Beach DH, Rakyan VK, Bishop CL. The senescent methylome and its relationship with cancer, ageing and germline genetic variation in humans. Genome Biol 2015; 16:194. [PMID: 26381124 PMCID: PMC4574115 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is a stable arrest of proliferation and is considered a key component of processes associated with carcinogenesis and other ageing-related phenotypes. Here, we perform methylome analysis of actively dividing and deeply senescent normal human epithelial cells. RESULTS We identify senescence-associated differentially methylated positions (senDMPs) from multiple experiments using cells from one donor. We find that human senDMP epigenetic signatures are positively and significantly correlated with both cancer and ageing-associated methylation dynamics. We also identify germline genetic variants, including those associated with the p16INK4A locus, which are associated with the presence of in vivo senDMP signatures. Importantly, we also demonstrate that a single senDMP signature can be effectively reversed in a newly-developed protocol of transient senescence reversal. CONCLUSIONS The senDMP signature has significant potential for understanding some of the key (epi)genetic etiological factors that may lead to cancer and age-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lowe
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Marita G Overhoff
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sreeram V Ramagopalan
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - James C Garbe
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James Koh
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Martha R Stampfer
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David H Beach
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Vardhman K Rakyan
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Cleo L Bishop
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
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21
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Herranz N, Gallage S, Mellone M, Wuestefeld T, Klotz S, Hanley CJ, Raguz S, Acosta JC, Innes AJ, Banito A, Georgilis A, Montoya A, Wolter K, Dharmalingam G, Faull P, Carroll T, Martínez-Barbera JP, Cutillas P, Reisinger F, Heikenwalder M, Miller RA, Withers D, Zender L, Thomas GJ, Gil J. mTOR regulates MAPKAPK2 translation to control the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1205-17. [PMID: 26280535 PMCID: PMC4589897 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells secrete a combination of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP reinforces senescence and activates an immune surveillance response, but it can also show pro-tumorigenic properties and contribute to age-related pathologies. In a drug screen to find new SASP regulators, we uncovered the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin as a potent SASP suppressor. Here we report a mechanism by which mTOR controls the SASP by differentially regulating the translation of the MK2 (also known as MAPKAPK2) kinase through 4EBP1. In turn, MAPKAPK2 phosphorylates the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 during senescence, inhibiting its ability to degrade the transcripts of numerous SASP components. Consequently, mTOR inhibition or constitutive activation of ZFP36L1 impairs the non-cell-autonomous effects of senescent cells in both tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting contexts. Altogether, our results place regulation of the SASP as a key mechanism by which mTOR could influence cancer, age-related diseases and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Herranz
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Metabolic Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klotz
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Hanley
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Selina Raguz
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew J Innes
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ana Banito
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Athena Georgilis
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alex Montoya
- Proteomics Facility; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katharina Wolter
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gopuraja Dharmalingam
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter Faull
- Proteomics Facility; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Pedro Cutillas
- Proteomics Facility; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Florian Reisinger
- Institute for Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute for Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Dominic Withers
- Metabolic Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lars Zender
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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22
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Breslin L, Prosser SL, Cuffe S, Morrison CG. Ciliary abnormalities in senescent human fibroblasts impair proliferative capacity. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2773-9. [PMID: 25486364 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2015.945868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells senesce in culture after a finite number of divisions indefinitely arresting their proliferation. DNA damage and senescence increase the cellular number of centrosomes, the 2 microtubule organizing centers that ensure bipolar mitotic spindles. Centrosomes also provide the basal body from which primary cilia extend to sense and transduce various extracellular signals, notably Hedgehog. Primary cilium formation is facilitated by cellular quiescence a temporary cell cycle exit, but the impact of senescence on cilia is unknown. We found that senescent human fibroblasts have increased frequency and length of primary cilia. Levels of the negative ciliary regulator CP110 were reduced in senescent cells, as were levels of key elements of the Hedgehog pathway. Hedgehog inhibition reduced proliferation in young cells with increased cilium length accompanying cell cycle arrest suggesting a regulatory function for Hedgehog in primary ciliation. Depletion of CP110 in young cell populations increased ciliation frequencies and reduced cell proliferation. These data suggest that primary cilia are potentially novel determinants of the reduced cellular proliferation that initiates senescence.
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Key Words
- CP110
- CP110, centriolar coiled coil protein of 110kDa
- DABCO, 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HMEC, human mammary epithelial cell
- Hedgehog
- Hh, Hedgehog
- NHDF, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- PLK4, Polo-like kinase 4
- SA-β-gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase
- SAHF, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci
- Smo, smoothened
- centrosome
- primary cilium
- replicative senescence
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Breslin
- a Center for Chromosome Biology; School of Natural Sciences ; National University of Ireland Galway ; Galway , Ireland
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23
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Burleigh A, McKinney S, Brimhall J, Yap D, Eirew P, Poon S, Ng V, Wan A, Prentice L, Annab L, Barrett JC, Caldas C, Eaves C, Aparicio S. A co-culture genome-wide RNAi screen with mammary epithelial cells reveals transmembrane signals required for growth and differentiation. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:4. [PMID: 25572802 PMCID: PMC4322558 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extracellular signals regulating mammary epithelial cell growth are of relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of mammary epithelia, yet they remain poorly characterized. In this study, we applied an unbiased approach to understanding the functional role of signalling molecules in several models of normal physiological growth and translated these results to the biological understanding of breast cancer subtypes. METHODS We developed and utilized a cytogenetically normal clonal line of hTERT immortalized human mammary epithelial cells in a fibroblast-enhanced co-culture assay to conduct a genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for evaluation of the functional effect of silencing each gene. Our selected endpoint was inhibition of growth. In rigorous postscreen validation processes, including quantitative RT-PCR, to ensure on-target silencing, deconvolution of pooled siRNAs and independent confirmation of effects with lentiviral short-hairpin RNA constructs, we identified a subset of genes required for mammary epithelial cell growth. Using three-dimensional Matrigel growth and differentiation assays and primary human mammary epithelial cell colony assays, we confirmed that these growth effects were not limited to the 184-hTERT cell line. We utilized the METABRIC dataset of 1,998 breast cancer patients to evaluate both the differential expression of these genes across breast cancer subtypes and their prognostic significance. RESULTS We identified 47 genes that are critically important for fibroblast-enhanced mammary epithelial cell growth. This group was enriched for several axonal guidance molecules and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as for the endothelin receptor PROCR. The majority of genes (43 of 47) identified in two dimensions were also required for three-dimensional growth, with HSD17B2, SNN and PROCR showing greater than tenfold reductions in acinar formation. Several genes, including PROCR and the neuronal pathfinding molecules EFNA4 and NTN1, were also required for proper differentiation and polarization in three-dimensional cultures. The 47 genes identified showed a significant nonrandom enrichment for differential expression among 10 molecular subtypes of breast cancer sampled from 1,998 patients. CD79A, SERPINH1, KCNJ5 and TMEM14C exhibited breast cancer subtype-independent overall survival differences. CONCLUSION Diverse transmembrane signals are required for mammary epithelial cell growth in two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions. Strikingly, we define novel roles for axonal pathfinding receptors and ligands and the endothelin receptor in both growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Burleigh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Steven McKinney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Jazmine Brimhall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Damian Yap
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Peter Eirew
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Steven Poon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Viola Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Adrian Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Leah Prentice
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| | - Lois Annab
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - J Carl Barrett
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Connie Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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24
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Martin N, Beach D, Gil J. Ageing as developmental decay: insights from p16INK4a. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:667-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Zíková M, Konířová J, Ditrychová K, Corlett A, Kolář M, Bartůněk P. DISP3 promotes proliferation and delays differentiation of neural progenitor cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4071-7. [PMID: 25281927 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DISP3 (PTCHD2), a sterol-sensing domain-containing protein, is highly expressed in neural tissue but its role in neural differentiation is unknown. In the present study we used a multipotent cerebellar progenitor cell line, C17.2, to investigate the impact of DISP3 on the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursors. We found that ectopically expressed DISP3 promotes cell proliferation and alters expression of genes that are involved in tumorigenesis. Finally, the differentiation profile of DISP3-expressing cells was altered, as evidenced by delayed expression of neural specific markers and a reduced capacity to undergo neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zíková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Konířová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Ditrychová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alicia Corlett
- Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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26
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Lauth M. Sonic the Hedgehog: A game about aging? Emerging evidence for anti-geriatric effects of Hedgehog signaling (retrospective on DOI 10.1002/bies.201200049). Bioessays 2014; 36:1128. [PMID: 25264348 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lauth
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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27
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Kooistra SM, Nørgaard LCR, Lees MJ, Steinhauer C, Johansen JV, Helin K. A screen identifies the oncogenic micro-RNA miR-378a-5p as a negative regulator of oncogene-induced senescence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91034. [PMID: 24651706 PMCID: PMC3961217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) can occur in response to hyperactive oncogenic signals and is believed to be a fail-safe mechanism protecting against tumorigenesis. To identify new factors involved in OIS, we performed a screen for microRNAs that can overcome or inhibit OIS in human diploid fibroblasts. This screen led to the identification of miR-378a-5p and in addition several other miRNAs that have previously been shown to play a role in senescence. We show that ectopic expression of miR-378a-5p reduces the expression of several senescence markers, including p16INK4A and senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Moreover, cells with ectopic expression of miR-378a-5p retain proliferative capacity even in the presence of an activated Braf oncogene. Finally, we identified several miR-378a-5p targets in diploid fibroblasts that might explain the mechanism by which the microRNA can delay OIS. We speculate that miR-378a-5p might positively influence tumor formation by delaying OIS, which is consistent with a known pro-oncogenic function of this microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Marije Kooistra
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Christine Rudkjær Nørgaard
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael James Lees
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornelia Steinhauer
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchira Gallage
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; Hammersmith Campus; London, UK;
| | - Jesús Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; Hammersmith Campus; London, UK;
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Vézina A, Vaillancourt-Jean E, Albarao S, Annabi B. Mesenchymal stromal cell ciliogenesis is abrogated in response to tumor necrosis factor-α and requires NF-κB signaling. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:100-5. [PMID: 24333718 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a cell surface-anchored sensory organelle which expression is lost in hypoxic cancer cells and during mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) adaptation to low oxygen levels. Since pro-inflammatory cues are among the early events which promote tumor angiogenesis, we tested the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and found that it triggered a dose-dependent loss of the primary cilia in MSC. This loss was independent of IFT88 expression, was abrogated by progranulin, an antagonist of the TNF receptor and required the NF-κB signaling intermediates IκB kinase α, β, and γ, as well as NF-κB p65. These findings strengthen the concept that the primary cilium may serve as a biomarker reflecting the tumor-supporting potential of MSC and their capacity to adapt to hypoxic and pro-inflammatory cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Vézina
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche BioMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Vaillancourt-Jean
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche BioMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Albarao
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche BioMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche BioMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Overhoff MG, Garbe JC, Koh J, Stampfer MR, Beach DH, Bishop CL. Cellular senescence mediated by p16INK4A-coupled miRNA pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:1606-18. [PMID: 24217920 PMCID: PMC3919591 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
p16 is a key regulator of cellular senescence, yet the drivers of this stable state of proliferative arrest are not well understood. Here, we identify 22 senescence-associated microRNAs (SA-miRNAs) in normal human mammary epithelial cells. We show that SA-miRNAs-26b, 181a, 210 and 424 function in concert to directly repress expression of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins CBX7, embryonic ectoderm development (EED), enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) and suppressor of zeste 12 homologue (Suz12), thereby activating p16. We demonstrate the existence of a tight positive feedback loop in which SA-miRNAs activate and re-enforce the expression of other SA-miRNA members. In contrast, PcG members restrain senescence by epigenetically repressing the expression of these SA-miRNAs. Importantly, loss of p16 leads to repression of SA-miRNA expression, intimately coupling this effector of senescence to the SA-miRNA/PcG self-regulatory loop. Taken together, our findings illuminate an important regulatory axis that underpins the transition from proliferation to cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita G Overhoff
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK, Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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31
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Abstract
p16(INK4a), located on chromosome 9p21.3, is lost among a cluster of neighboring tumor suppressor genes. Although it is classically known for its capacity to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity, p16(INK4a) is not just a one-trick pony. Long-term p16(INK4a) expression pushes cells to enter senescence, an irreversible cell-cycle arrest that precludes the growth of would-be cancer cells but also contributes to cellular aging. Importantly, loss of p16(INK4a) is one of the most frequent events in human tumors and allows precancerous lesions to bypass senescence. Therefore, precise regulation of p16(INK4a) is essential to tissue homeostasis, maintaining a coordinated balance between tumor suppression and aging. This review outlines the molecular pathways critical for proper p16(INK4a) regulation and emphasizes the indispensable functions of p16(INK4a) in cancer, aging, and human physiology that make this gene special.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M LaPak
- Biomedical Research Tower, Rm 586, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210.
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32
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Abstract
Once obscure, the cilium has come into the spotlight during the past decade. It is now clear that aside from generating locomotion by motile cilia, both motile and immotile cilia serve as signaling platforms for the cell. Through both motility and sensory functions, cilia play critical roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. To date, the cilium proteome contains more than 1,000 different proteins, and human genetics is identifying new ciliopathy genes at an increasing pace. Although assigning a function to immotile cilia was a challenge not so long ago, the myriad of signaling pathways, proteins, and biological processes associated with the cilium have now created a new obstacle: how to distill all these interactions into specific themes and mechanisms that may explain how the organelle serves to maintain organism homeostasis. Here, we review the basics of cilia biology, novel functions associated with cilia, and recent advances in cilia genetics, and on the basis of this framework, we further discuss the meaning and significance of ciliary connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiaulou Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Acosta JC, Banito A, Wuestefeld T, Georgilis A, Janich P, Morton JP, Athineos D, Kang TW, Lasitschka F, Andrulis M, Pascual G, Morris KJ, Khan S, Jin H, Dharmalingam G, Snijders AP, Carroll T, Capper D, Pritchard C, Inman GJ, Longerich T, Sansom OJ, Benitah SA, Zender L, Gil J. A complex secretory program orchestrated by the inflammasome controls paracrine senescence. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:978-90. [PMID: 23770676 PMCID: PMC3732483 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1406] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is crucial for tumour suppression. Senescent cells implement a complex pro-inflammatory response termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP reinforces senescence, activates immune surveillance and paradoxically also has pro-tumorigenic properties. Here, we present evidence that the SASP can also induce paracrine senescence in normal cells both in culture and in human and mouse models of OIS in vivo. Coupling quantitative proteomics with small-molecule screens, we identified multiple SASP components mediating paracrine senescence, including TGF-β family ligands, VEGF, CCL2 and CCL20. Amongst them, TGF-β ligands play a major role by regulating p15(INK4b) and p21(CIP1). Expression of the SASP is controlled by inflammasome-mediated IL-1 signalling. The inflammasome and IL-1 signalling are activated in senescent cells and IL-1α expression can reproduce SASP activation, resulting in senescence. Our results demonstrate that the SASP can cause paracrine senescence and impact on tumour suppression and senescence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ana Banito
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Division of Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Athena Georgilis
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peggy Janich
- Center for Genomic Regulation and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Tae-Won Kang
- Division of Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mindaugas Andrulis
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kelly J. Morris
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sadaf Khan
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Gopuraja Dharmalingam
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ambrosius P. Snijders
- Proteomics Facility; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David Capper
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Inman
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lars Zender
- Division of Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jesús Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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Burd CE, Sorrentino JA, Clark KS, Darr DB, Krishnamurthy J, Deal AM, Bardeesy N, Castrillon DH, Beach DH, Sharpless NE. Monitoring tumorigenesis and senescence in vivo with a p16(INK4a)-luciferase model. Cell 2013; 152:340-51. [PMID: 23332765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring cancer and aging in vivo remains experimentally challenging. Here, we describe a luciferase knockin mouse (p16(LUC)), which faithfully reports expression of p16(INK4a), a tumor suppressor and aging biomarker. Lifelong assessment of luminescence in p16(+/LUC) mice revealed an exponential increase with aging, which was highly variable in a cohort of contemporaneously housed, syngeneic mice. Expression of p16(INK4a) with aging did not predict cancer development, suggesting that the accumulation of senescent cells is not a principal determinant of cancer-related death. In 14 of 14 tested tumor models, expression of p16(LUC) was focally activated by early neoplastic events, enabling visualization of tumors with sensitivity exceeding other imaging modalities. Activation of p16(INK4a) was noted in the emerging neoplasm and surrounding stromal cells. This work suggests that p16(INK4a) activation is a characteristic of all emerging cancers, making the p16(LUC) allele a sensitive, unbiased reporter of neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin E Burd
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
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35
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Chen X, Shen Y, Gao Y, Zhao H, Sheng X, Zou J, Lip V, Xie H, Guo J, Shao H, Bao Y, Shen J, Niu B, Gusella JF, Wu BL, Zhang T. Detection of copy number variants reveals association of cilia genes with neural tube defects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54492. [PMID: 23349908 PMCID: PMC3547935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common birth defects caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Currently, little is known about the genetic basis of NTDs although up to 70% of human NTDs were reported to be attributed to genetic factors. Here we performed genome-wide copy number variants (CNVs) detection in a cohort of Chinese NTD patients in order to exam the potential role of CNVs in the pathogenesis of NTDs. Methods The genomic DNA from eighty-five NTD cases and seventy-five matched normal controls were subjected for whole genome CNVs analysis. Non-DGV (the Database of Genomic Variants) CNVs from each group were further analyzed for their associations with NTDs. Gene content in non-DGV CNVs as well as participating pathways were examined. Results Fifty-five and twenty-six non-DGV CNVs were detected in cases and controls respectively. Among them, forty and nineteen CNVs involve genes (genic CNV). Significantly more non-DGV CNVs and non-DGV genic CNVs were detected in NTD patients than in control (41.2% vs. 25.3%, p<0.05 and 37.6% vs. 20%, p<0.05). Non-DGV genic CNVs are associated with a 2.65-fold increased risk for NTDs (95% CI: 1.24–5.87). Interestingly, there are 41 cilia genes involved in non-DGV CNVs from NTD patients which is significantly enriched in cases compared with that in controls (24.7% vs. 9.3%, p<0.05), corresponding with a 3.19-fold increased risk for NTDs (95% CI: 1.27–8.01). Pathway analyses further suggested that two ciliogenesis pathways, tight junction and protein kinase A signaling, are top canonical pathways implicated in NTD-specific CNVs, and these two novel pathways interact with known NTD pathways. Conclusions Evidence from the genome-wide CNV study suggests that genic CNVs, particularly ciliogenic CNVs are associated with NTDs and two ciliogenesis pathways, tight junction and protein kinase A signaling, are potential pathways involved in NTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yonghui Gao
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Institute of Acu-moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhi Zhao
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jizhen Zou
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Va Lip
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hua Xie
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yihua Bao
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biotechnology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - James F. Gusella
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bai-Lin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BLW); (TZ)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BLW); (TZ)
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Dashti M, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F. Hedgehog signalling as an antagonist of ageing and its associated diseases. Bioessays 2012; 34:849-56. [PMID: 22903465 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog is an important morphogenic signal that directs pattern formation during embryogenesis, but its activity also remains present through adult life. It is now becoming increasingly clear that during the reproductive phase of life and beyond it continues to direct cell renewal (which is essential to combat the chronic environmental stress to which the body is constantly exposed) and counteracts vascular, osteolytic and sometimes oncological insults to the body. Conversely, down-regulation of hedgehog signalling is associated with ageing-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Hence, in this essay we argue that hedgehog signalling is not only important at the start of life, but also constitutes an important anti-geriatric influence, and that enhanced understanding of its properties may contribute to developing rational strategies for healthy ageing and prevention of ageing-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Dashti
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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37
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MIAO JW, ZHANG YQ, XU CY, FANG C, DENG XH. Involvement of P16 INK4a and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathways in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix and Its Precursor Lesions*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2012.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Cabral RM, Tattersall D, Patel V, McPhail GD, Hatzimasoura E, Abrams DJ, South AP, Kelsell DP. The DSPII splice variant is crucial for desmosome-mediated adhesion in HaCaT keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2853-61. [PMID: 22454510 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.084152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions specialised for strong adhesion that are prominent in the epidermis and heart muscle. Defective desmosomal function due to inherited mutations in the constitutive desmosomal gene desmoplakin (DSP) causes skin or heart disorders and in some instances both. Different mutations have different disease-causing molecular mechanisms as evidenced by the varying phenotypes resulting from mutations affecting different domains of the same protein, but the majority of these mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we studied two mutations in DSP that lead to different dosages of the two major DSP splice variants, DSPI and DSPII, and compared their molecular mechanisms. One of the mutations results in total DSP haploinsufficiency and is associated with autosomal dominant striate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). The other leads to complete absence of DSPI and the minor isoform DSPIa but normal levels of DSPII, and is associated with autosomal recessive epidermolytic PPK, woolly hair and severe arrhythmogenic dilated cardiomyopathy. Using siRNA treatments to mimic these two mutations and additionally a DSPII-specific siRNA, we found striking differences between DSP isoforms with respect to keratinocyte adhesion upon cellular stress with DSPII being the key component in intermediate filament (IF) stability and desmosome-mediated adhesion. In addition, reduction in DSP expression reduced the amount of plakophilin 1, desmocollin (DSC) 2 and DSC3 with DSPI having a greater influence than DSPII on the expression levels of DSC3. These results suggest that the two major DSP splice variants are not completely redundant in function and that DSPII dosage is particularly important for desmosomal adhesion in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Cabral
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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Smith LL, Yeung J, Zeisig BB, Popov N, Huijbers I, Barnes J, Wilson AJ, Taskesen E, Delwel R, Gil J, Van Lohuizen M, So CWE. Functional crosstalk between Bmi1 and MLL/Hoxa9 axis in establishment of normal hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 8:649-62. [PMID: 21624810 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bmi1 is required for efficient self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In this study, we investigated whether leukemia-associated fusion proteins, which differ in their ability to activate Hox expression, could initiate leukemia in the absence of Bmi1. AML1-ETO and PLZF-RARα, which do not activate Hox, triggered senescence in Bmi1(-/-) cells. In contrast, MLL-AF9, which drives expression of Hoxa7 and Hoxa9, readily transformed Bmi1(-/-) cells. MLL-AF9 could not initiate leukemia in Bmi1(-/-)Hoxa9(-/-) mice, which have further compromised HSC functions. But either gene could restore the ability of MLL-AF9 to establish LSCs in the double null background. As reported for Bmi1, Hoxa9 regulates expression of p16(Ink4a)/p19(ARF) locus and could overcome senescence induced by AML1-ETO. Together, these results reveal an important functional interplay between MLL/Hox and Bmi1 in regulating cellular senescence for LSC development, suggesting that a synergistic targeting of both molecules is required to eradicate a broader spectrum of LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Smith
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Hergovich A. MOB control: reviewing a conserved family of kinase regulators. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1433-40. [PMID: 21539912 PMCID: PMC3398134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The family of Mps One binder (MOB) co-activator proteins is highly conserved from yeast to man. At least two different MOB proteins have been identified in every eukaryote analysed to date. Initially, yeast genetics revealed essential roles for Mob1p and Mob2p in the regulation of mitotic exit and cell morphogenesis. Studies in flies then showed that dMOB1/MATS is a core component of Hippo signalling. Loss of dMOB1 resulted in increased cell proliferation and decreased cell death, suggesting that MOB1 acts as tumour suppressor protein. Recent work focused primarily on mammalian cells has shown how hMOB1 can regulate NDR/LATS kinases, a function that can to be counteracted by hMOB2. Here we summarise and discuss our current knowledge of this emerging protein family, with emphasis on subcellular localisation, protein-protein interactions and biological functions in apoptosis, mitosis, morphogenesis, cell proliferation and centrosome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hergovich
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Networks laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom.
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41
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Lanigan F, Geraghty JG, Bracken AP. Transcriptional regulation of cellular senescence. Oncogene 2011; 30:2901-11. [PMID: 21383691 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible arrest of proliferation. It is activated when a cell encounters stress such as DNA damage, telomere shortening or oncogene activation. Like apoptosis, it impedes tumour progression and acts as a barrier that pre-neoplastic cells must overcome during their evolution toward the full tumourigenic state. This review focuses on the role of transcriptional regulators in the control of cellular senescence, explores how their function is perturbed in cancer and discusses the potential to harness this knowledge for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lanigan
- Smurfit Genetics Department, The Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Hedgehog is a ligand-activated signaling pathway that regulates Gli-mediated transcription. Although most noted for its role as an embryonic morphogen, hyperactive hedgehog also causes human skin and brain malignancies. The hedgehog-related gene anomalies found in these tumors are rarely found in prostate cancer. Yet surveys of human prostate tumors show concordance of high expression of hedgehog ligands and Gli2 that correlate with the potential for metastasis and therapy-resistant behavior. Likewise, prostate cancer cell lines express hedgehog target genes, and their growth and survival is affected by hedgehog/Gli inhibitors. To date, the preponderance of data supports the idea that prostate tumors benefit from a paracrine hedgehog microenvironment similar to the developing prostate. Uncertainty remains as to whether hedgehog's influence in prostate cancer also includes aspects of tumor cell autocrine-like signaling. The recent findings that Gli proteins interact with the androgen receptor and affect its transcriptional output have helped to identify a novel pathway through which hedgehog/Gli might affect prostate tumor behavior and raises questions as to whether hedgehog signaling in prostate cancer cells is suitably measured by the expression of Gli target genes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Chen
- Ordway Research Institute, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Richard Carkner
- Ordway Research Institute, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- Ordway Research Institute, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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In brief. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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