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Guo Z, Wang Y, Qin W, Heng Y, Chen X, Liu N, Li J, Wu H, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Song S, Wu Z. miR-122-3p targets UBE2I to regulate the immunosuppression of liver cancer and the intervention of Liujunzi formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118081. [PMID: 38570148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liujunzi formula has been used to treat liver cancer in China for many years, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We previously found that decreased expression of miR-122-3p was associated with liver cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the target of miR-122-3p and the effect of the Liujunzi formula on miR-122-3p and its downstream events in liver cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bioinformatics pinpointed potential targets of miR-122-3p. The actual target was confirmed by miRNA mimic/inhibitor transfections and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. RNA-seq looked at downstream genes impacted by this target. Flow cytometry checked for changes in T cell apoptosis levels after exposing them to liver cancer cells. Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Cell experiments found the Liujunzi extract (LJZ) upregulated miR-122-3p and in a dose-dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis found UBE2I was a potential target of miR-122-3p, which was validated through experiments using miRNA mimics/inhibitors and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. RNA-seq data implicated the NF-κB pathway as being downstream of the miR-122-3p/UBE2I axis, further confirmed by forcing overexpression of UBE2I. Bioinformatic evidence suggested a link between UBE2I and T cell infiltration in liver cancer. Given that the NF-κB pathway drives PD-L1 expression, which can inhibit T cell infiltration, we investigated whether PD-L1 is a downstream effector of miR-122-3p/UBE2I. This was corroborated through mining public databases, UBE2I overexpression studies, and tumor-T cell co-culture assays. In addition, we also confirmed that LJZ downregulates UBE2I and NF-κB/PD-L1 pathways through miR-122-3p. LJZ also suppressed SUMOylation in liver cancer cells and protected PD-1+ T cells from apoptosis induced by co-culture with tumor cells. Strikingly, a miR-122-3p inhibitor abrogated LJZ's effects on UBE2I and PD-L1, and UBE2I overexpression rescued the LJZ-mediated effects on NF-κB and PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS miR-122-3p targets UBE2I, thereby suppressing the NF-κB signaling cascade and downregulating PD-L1 expression, which potentiates anti-tumor immune responses. LJZ bolsters anti-tumor immunity by modulating the miR-122-3p/UBE2I/NF-κB/PD-L1 axis in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Guo
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wanting Qin
- Department of Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yin Heng
- Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Na Liu
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- Department of Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ren Zhang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shanshan Song
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
| | - Zheli Wu
- Department of Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Dong L, Liu C, Sun H, Wang M, Sun M, Zheng J, Yu X, Shi R, Wang B, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Xing B, Wang Y, Yao X, Mei M, Ren Y, Zhou X. Targeting STAT3 potentiates CDK4/6 inhibitors therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216956. [PMID: 38735381 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Anti-CDK4/6 therapy has been employed for the treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with CDK4/6 hyperactivation, but the response rate is relatively low. In this study, we first showed that CDK4 and CDK6 was over-expressed and conferred poor prognosis in HNSCC. Moreover, in RB-positive HNSCC, STAT3 signaling was activated induced by CDK4/6 inhibition and STAT3 promotes RB deficiency by upregulation of MYC. Thirdly, the combination of Stattic and CDK4/6 inhibitor results in striking anti-tumor effect in vitro and in Cal27 derived animal models. Additionally, phospho-STAT3 level negatively correlates with RB expression and predicts poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Taken together, our findings suggest an unrecognized function of STAT3 confers to CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance and presenting a promising combination strategy for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bofan Xing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China; Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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3
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Guo HZ, Feng RX, Zhang YJ, Yu YH, Lu W, Liu JJ, Yang SX, Zhao C, Zhang ZL, Yu SH, Jin H, Qian SX, Li JY, Zhu J, Shi J. A CD36-dependent non-canonical lipid metabolism program promotes immune escape and resistance to hypomethylating agent therapy in AML. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101592. [PMID: 38843841 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Environmental lipids are essential for fueling tumor energetics, but whether these exogenous lipids transported into cancer cells facilitate immune escape remains unclear. Here, we find that CD36, a transporter for exogenous lipids, promotes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immune evasion. We show that, separately from its established role in lipid oxidation, CD36 on AML cells senses oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) to prime the TLR4-LYN-MYD88-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, and exogenous palmitate transfer via CD36 further potentiates this innate immune pathway by supporting ZDHHC6-mediated MYD88 palmitoylation. Subsequently, NF-κB drives the expression of immunosuppressive genes that inhibit anti-tumor T cell responses. Notably, high-fat-diet or hypomethylating agent decitabine treatment boosts the immunosuppressive potential of AML cells by hijacking CD36-dependent innate immune signaling, leading to a dampened therapeutic effect. This work is of translational interest because lipid restriction by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved lipid-lowering statin drugs improves the efficacy of decitabine therapy by weakening leukemic CD36-mediated immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Decitabine/pharmacology
- Decitabine/therapeutic use
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Animals
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics
- Mice
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Zhou Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xue Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Hua Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Xin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-He Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Xuan Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Pathania AS. Immune Microenvironment in Childhood Cancers: Characteristics and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2201. [PMID: 38927907 PMCID: PMC11201451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment is pivotal in cancer initiation, advancement, and regulation. Its molecular and cellular composition is critical throughout the disease, as it can influence the balance between suppressive and cytotoxic immune responses within the tumor's vicinity. Studies on the tumor immune microenvironment have enriched our understanding of the intricate interplay between tumors and their immunological surroundings in various human cancers. These studies illuminate the role of significant components of the immune microenvironment, which have not been extensively explored in pediatric tumors before and may influence the responsiveness or resistance to therapeutic agents. Our deepening understanding of the pediatric tumor immune microenvironment is helping to overcome challenges related to the effectiveness of existing therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapies. Although in the early stages, targeted therapies that modulate the tumor immune microenvironment of pediatric solid tumors hold promise for improved outcomes. Focusing on various aspects of tumor immune biology in pediatric patients presents a therapeutic opportunity that could improve treatment outcomes. This review offers a comprehensive examination of recent literature concerning profiling the immune microenvironment in various pediatric tumors. It seeks to condense research findings on characterizing the immune microenvironment in pediatric tumors and its impact on tumor development, metastasis, and response to therapeutic modalities. It covers the immune microenvironment's role in tumor development, interactions with tumor cells, and its impact on the tumor's response to immunotherapy. The review also discusses challenges targeting the immune microenvironment for pediatric cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singh Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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5
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Zhang X, Ding T, Yang F, Xu H, Zhang J, Bai Y, Shi Y, Yang J, Chen C, Zhang H. Induced dual-target rebalance simultaneously enhances efficient therapeutical efficacy in tumors. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:249. [PMID: 38782895 PMCID: PMC11116470 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple gene abnormalities are major drivers of tumorigenesis. NF-κB p65 overactivation and cGAS silencing are important triggers and genetic defects that accelerate tumorigenesis. However, the simultaneous correction of NF-κB p65 and cGAS abnormalities remains to be further explored. Here, we propose a novel Induced Dual-Target Rebalance (IDTR) strategy for simultaneously correcting defects in cGAS and NF-κB p65. By using our IDTR approach, we showed for the first time that oncolytic adenovirus H101 could reactivate silenced cGAS, while silencing GAU1 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) inhibited NF-κB p65 overactivation, resulting in efficient in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy in colorectal tumors. Intriguingly, we further demonstrated that oncolytic adenoviruses reactivated cGAS by promoting H3K4 trimethylation of the cGAS promoter. In addition, silencing GAU1 using antisense oligonucleotides significantly reduced H3K27 acetylation at the NF-κB p65 promoter and inhibited NF-κB p65 transcription. Our study revealed an aberrant therapeutic mechanism underlying two tumor defects, cGAS and NF-κB p65, and provided an alternative IDTR approach based on oncolytic adenovirus and antisense oligonucleotides for efficient therapeutic efficacy in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Tianyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Haowen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Yiran Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Yibing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Epigenetics, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Medical Department of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China.
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China.
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6
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Ren D, Li W, Zeng R, Liu X, Liang H, Xiong W, Yang C, Jin X. Retinoblastoma-associated protein is important for TRIM24-mediated activation of the mTOR signaling pathway through DUSP2 action in prostate cancer. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:592-604. [PMID: 38514847 PMCID: PMC11094112 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB) deletion is the most important genomic factor associated with the prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients receiving androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor therapy. Loss of RB could support prostate cancer cell growth in a hormone-independent manner, but the underlying mechanism by which RB regulates tumor progression extends far beyond the cell cycle pathway. A previous study indicated that RB inactivates AKT signaling but has no effect on mTOR signaling in cancer cells. Here, we found that the S249/T252 site in RB is key to regulating the transcriptional activity of the tumor-promoting factor TRIM24 in CRPC, as identified through FXXXV mapping. The RB/TRIM24 complex functions through DUSP2, which serves as an intermediate bridge, to activate the mTOR pathway and promote prostate cancer progression. Accordingly, we designed RB-linker-proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecules, which decreased TRIM24 protein levels and inactivated the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting prostate cancer. Therefore, this study not only elucidates the novel function of RB but also provides a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ruijiang Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Huaiyuan Liang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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7
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Lachance G, Robitaille K, Laaraj J, Gevariya N, Varin TV, Feldiorean A, Gaignier F, Julien IB, Xu HW, Hallal T, Pelletier JF, Bouslama S, Boufaied N, Derome N, Bergeron A, Ellis L, Piccirillo CA, Raymond F, Fradet Y, Labbé DP, Marette A, Fradet V. The gut microbiome-prostate cancer crosstalk is modulated by dietary polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3431. [PMID: 38654015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota modulates response to hormonal treatments in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, but whether it influences PCa progression remains unknown. Here, we show a reduction in fecal microbiota alpha-diversity correlating with increase tumour burden in two distinct groups of hormonotherapy naïve PCa patients and three murine PCa models. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients with high PCa volume is sufficient to stimulate the growth of mouse PCa revealing the existence of a gut microbiome-cancer crosstalk. Analysis of gut microbial-related pathways in mice with aggressive PCa identifies three enzymes responsible for the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Supplementation with LCFA omega-3 MAG-EPA is sufficient to reduce PCa growth in mice and cancer up-grading in pre-prostatectomy PCa patients correlating with a reduction of gut Ruminococcaceae in both and fecal butyrate levels in PCa patients. This suggests that the beneficial effect of omega-3 rich diet is mediated in part by modulating the crosstalk between gut microbes and their metabolites in men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lachance
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'IUCPQ, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jalal Laaraj
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nikunj Gevariya
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Andrei Feldiorean
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fanny Gaignier
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau Julien
- Institute of nutrition and functional foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center - Nutrition, health and society of Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hui Wen Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tarek Hallal
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Pelletier
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sidki Bouslama
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Boufaied
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Institute of nutrition and functional foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center - Nutrition, health and society of Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David P Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Institute of nutrition and functional foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center - Nutrition, health and society of Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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8
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Huang MF, Wang YX, Chou YT, Lee DF. Therapeutic Strategies for RB1-Deficient Cancers: Intersecting Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1558. [PMID: 38672640 PMCID: PMC11049207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) is a critical tumor suppressor gene, governing diverse cellular processes implicated in cancer biology. Dysregulation or deletion in RB1 contributes to the development and progression of various cancers, making it a prime target for therapeutic intervention. RB1's canonical function in cell cycle control and DNA repair mechanisms underscores its significance in restraining aberrant cell growth and maintaining genomic stability. Understanding the complex interplay between RB1 and cellular pathways is beneficial to fully elucidate its tumor-suppressive role across different cancer types and for therapeutic development. As a result, investigating vulnerabilities arising from RB1 deletion-associated mechanisms offers promising avenues for targeted therapy. Recently, several findings highlighted multiple methods as a promising strategy for combating tumor growth driven by RB1 loss, offering potential clinical benefits in various cancer types. This review summarizes the multifaceted role of RB1 in cancer biology and its implications for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Fan Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.-F.H.); (Y.-X.W.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan-Xin Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.-F.H.); (Y.-X.W.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.-F.H.); (Y.-X.W.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Liu J, Cheng M, Xu J, Liang Y, Yin B, Liang J. Effect of CDK4/6 Inhibitors on Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:437-449. [PMID: 38314676 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2304565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is an abnormal proliferation of cells that is stimulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and defective cell cycle regulation. The essential agent that drive the cell cycle, CDK4/6, would be activated by proliferative signals. Activated CDK4/6 results in the phosphorylation of the neuroblastoma protein (RB) and the release of the transcription factor E2F, which promotes the cell cycle progression. CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) has been currently a research focus, which inhibits the CDK4/6-RB-E2F axis, thereby reducing the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase and mediating the cell cycle arrest. This action helps achieve an anti-tumor effect. Recent research has demonstrated that CDK4/6i, in addition to contributing to cell cycle arrest, is also essential for the interaction between the tumor cells and the host immune system, i.e., activating the immune system, strengthening the tumor antigen presentation, and reducing the number of regulatory T cells (Treg). Additionally, CDK4/6i would elevate the level of PD-L1, an immunosuppressive factor, in tumor cells, and CDK4/6i in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy would more effectively reduce the tumor growth. Our results showed that CDK4/6i caused autophagy and senescence in tumor cells. Herein, the impact of CDK4/6i on the immune microenvironment of malignant tumors was mainly focused, as well as their interaction with immune checkpoint inhibitors in affecting anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jiamei Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), Jinan, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Beibei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
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10
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Sanidas I, Lawrence MS, Dyson NJ. Patterns in the tapestry of chromatin-bound RB. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:288-298. [PMID: 37648594 PMCID: PMC10899529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (RB)-mediated regulation of E2F is a component of a highly conserved cell cycle machine. However, RB's tumor suppressor activity, like RB's requirement in animal development, is tissue-specific, context-specific, and sometimes appears uncoupled from cell proliferation. Detailed new information about RB's genomic distribution provides a new perspective on the complexity of RB function, suggesting that some of its functional specificity results from context-specific RB association with chromatin. Here we summarize recent evidence showing that RB targets different types of chromatin regulatory elements at different cell cycle stages. RB controls traditional RB/E2F targets prior to S-phase, but, when cells proliferate, RB redistributes to cell type-specific chromatin loci. We discuss the broad implications of the new data for RB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sanidas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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11
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Zhang F, Jiang R, Sun S, Wu C, Yu Q, Awadasseid A, Wang J, Zhang W. Recent advances and mechanisms of action of PD-L1 degraders as potential therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116267. [PMID: 38422701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint protein that can bind to T cells' PD-1 receptor, thereby promoting immune escape from tumors. In recent years, many researchers have developed strategies to degrade PD-L1 to improve the effect of immunotherapy. The study of degrading PD-L1 provides new opportunities for immunotherapy. Here, we mainly summarize and review the current active molecules and mechanisms that mediate the degradation of immature and mature PD-L1 during the post-translational modification stages, involving PD-L1 phosphorylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, ubiquitination, and the autophagy-lysosomal process. This review expects that by degrading PD-L1 protein, we will not only gain a better understanding of oncogenic mechanisms involving tumor PD-L1 protein but also provide a new way to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ruiya Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shishi Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qimeng Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Moganshan Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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12
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Zhou M, Tang J, Fan J, Wen X, Shen J, Jia R, Chai P, Fan X. Recent progress in retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis and management. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024; 13:100058. [PMID: 38615905 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, the primary ocular malignancy in pediatric patients, poses a substantial threat to mortality without prompt and effective management. The prognosis for survival and preservation of visual acuity hinges upon the disease severity at the time of initial diagnosis. Notably, retinoblastoma has played a crucial role in unraveling the genetic foundations of oncogenesis. The process of tumorigenesis commonly begins with the occurrence of biallelic mutation in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, which is then followed by a cascade of genetic and epigenetic alterations that correspond to the clinical stage and pathological features of the tumor. The RB1 gene, recognized as a tumor suppressor, encodes the retinoblastoma protein, which plays a vital role in governing cellular replication through interactions with E2F transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins. The diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma necessitate consideration of numerous factors, including disease staging, germline mutation status, family psychosocial factors, and the resources available within the institution. This review has systematically compiled and categorized the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma which enhanced the quality of care for this pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Gao Y, Feng C, Ma J, Yan Q. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): Orchestrators of cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy dynamics, and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116048. [PMID: 38346542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes regulating protein arginine methylation, which is a post-translational modification crucial for various cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanistic role of PRMTs in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. PRMTs are involved in diverse oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. They exert their effects by methylation of histones, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins, resulting in altered gene expression patterns. PRMT-mediated histone methylation can lead to aberrant chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes that drive oncogenesis. Additionally, PRMTs can directly interact with key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, thereby modulating cell survival and proliferation. In the context of cancer immunotherapy, PRMTs have emerged as critical regulators of immune responses. They modulate immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), through arginine methylation. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, and PRMTs have been implicated in this phenomenon. PRMTs can contribute to drug resistance through multiple mechanisms, including the epigenetic regulation of drug efflux pumps, altered DNA damage repair, and modulation of cell survival pathways. In conclusion, PRMTs play critical roles in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. In this overview, we have endeavored to illuminate the mechanistic intricacies of PRMT-mediated processes. Shedding light on these aspects will offer valuable insights into the fundamental biology of cancer and establish PRMTs as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chongchong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jingru Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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14
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Ma J, Li L, Ma B, Liu T, Wang Z, Ye Q, Peng Y, Wang B, Chen Y, Xu S, Wang K, Dang F, Wang X, Zeng Z, Jian Y, Ren Z, Fan Y, Li X, Liu J, Gao Y, Wei W, Li L. MYC induces CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance by promoting pRB1 degradation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1871. [PMID: 38424044 PMCID: PMC10904810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) show anticancer activity in certain human malignancies, such as breast cancer. However, their application to other tumor types and intrinsic resistance mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MYC amplification confers resistance to CDK4/6i in bladder, prostate and breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, MYC binds to the promoter of the E3 ubiquitin ligase KLHL42 and enhances its transcription, leading to RB1 deficiency by inducing both phosphorylated and total pRB1 ubiquitination and degradation. We identify a compound that degrades MYC, A80.2HCl, which induces MYC degradation at nanomolar concentrations, restores pRB1 protein levels and re-establish sensitivity of MYC high-expressing cancer cells to CDK4/6i. The combination of CDK4/6i and A80.2HCl result in marked regression in tumor growth in vivo. Altogether, these results reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying MYC-induced resistance to CDK4/6i and suggest the utilization of the MYC degrading molecule A80.2HCl to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bohan Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tianjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zixuan Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanlin Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Kintor Parmaceutical, Inc, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yizeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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15
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Ebrahimi N, Abdulwahid AHRR, Mansouri A, Karimi N, Bostani RJ, Beiranvand S, Adelian S, Khorram R, Vafadar R, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Targeting the NF-κB pathway as a potential regulator of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:106. [PMID: 38418707 PMCID: PMC10902086 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapy over the last decade have led to the development of several agents that affect immune checkpoints. Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells that negatively regulate the immune response include cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), which have been studied more than similar receptors. Inhibition of these proteins and other immune checkpoints can stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, and prevent the tumor from escaping the immune response. However, the administration of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies has been associated with adverse inflammatory responses similar to autoimmune diseases. The current review discussed the role of the NF-κB pathway as a tumor promoter, and how it can govern inflammatory responses and affect various immune checkpoints. More precise knowledge about the communication between immune checkpoints and NF-κB pathways could increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and reduce the adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Atena Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vafadar
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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16
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Mu P, Zhang X, Qi R, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhu X, Dong Z, Dong Y. IGFBP3 induces PD-L1 expression to promote glioblastoma immune evasion. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:60. [PMID: 38326861 PMCID: PMC10851611 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) characterized by immune escape is the most malignant primary brain tumors, which has strong immunosuppressive effect. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a recognized immunosuppressive member on the surface of tumor cells, and plays a crucial role in immune evasion of tumors. Actually, little is known about the regulation of PD-L1 expression in GBM. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) is upregulated in GBM and is related to poor patient prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether IGFBP3 plays a role in the regulation of PD-L1 expression in GBM. METHODS The role of IGFBP3 in the glioma immune microenvironment was investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The correlation between IGFBP3 and PD-L1 expression was analyzed using TCGA and CGGA databases. QRT-PCR, immunoblotting and RNA-seq were used to examine the regulatory effect of IGFBP3 on PD-L1 expression. Co-culture assay, cell counting kit (CCK-8), qRT-PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to explore the function of IGFBP3 in inducing immunosuppression. The biological role of IGFBP3 was verified using immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and mice orthotopic tumor model. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed immune cells infiltration in gliomas and found that IGFBP3 may be associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Then, by analyzing TCGA and CGGA databases, our results showed that IGFBP3 and PD-L1 expression were positively correlated in GBM patients, but not in LGG patients. In vitro experiments conducted on different GBM cell lines revealed that the overexpression of IGFBP3 led to an increase in PD-L1 expression, which was reversible upon knockdown IGFBP3. Mechanistically, IGFBP3 activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to an increase in PD-L1 expression. Additionally, co-culture experiments results showed IGFBP3 overexpression induced upregulation of PD-L1 expression promoted apoptosis in Jurkat cells, and this effect was blocked by IGFBP3 antibody and PDL-1 inhibitors. Importantly, in vivo experiments targeting IGFBP3 suppressed tumor growth and significantly prolonged the survival of mice. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrated IGFBP3 is a novel regulator for PD-L1 expression in GBM, and identified a new mechanism by which IGFBP3 regulates immune evasion through PD-L1, suggesting that IGFBP3 may be a potential novel target for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Peizheng Mu
- School of Computer and Normal Engineering, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Precision Biomedical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ruomei Qi
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- School of Computer and Normal Engineering, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhouyan Dong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Yucui Dong
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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17
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Lv S, Yang J, Lin J, Huang X, Zhao H, Zhao C, Yang L. CDK4/6 inhibitors in lung cancer: current practice and future directions. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230145. [PMID: 38355149 PMCID: PMC10865100 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0145-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and ∼85% of lung cancers are classified as nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These malignancies can proliferate indefinitely, in part due to dysregulation of the cell cycle and the resulting abnormal cell growth. The specific activation of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is closely linked to tumour proliferation. Approximately 80% of human tumours exhibit abnormalities in the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-RB pathway. Specifically, CDK4/6 inhibitors either as monotherapy or combination therapy have been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies for the treatment of NSCLC, and promising results have been achieved. This review article focuses on research regarding the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in NSCLC, including the characteristics and mechanisms of action of approved drugs and progress of pre-clinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jie Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Ziegler DV, Parashar K, Fajas L. Beyond cell cycle regulation: The pleiotropic function of CDK4 in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:51-63. [PMID: 38135020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
CDK4, along with its regulatory subunit, cyclin D, drives the transition from G1 to S phase, during which DNA replication and metabolic activation occur. In this canonical pathway, CDK4 is essentially a transcriptional regulator that acts through phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) and subsequent activation of the transcription factor E2F, ultimately triggering the expression of genes involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression to S phase. In this review, we focus on the newly reported functions of CDK4, which go beyond direct regulation of the cell cycle. In particular, we describe the extranuclear roles of CDK4, including its roles in the regulation of metabolism, cell fate, cell dynamics and the tumor microenvironment. We describe direct phosphorylation targets of CDK4 and decipher how CDK4 influences these physiological processes in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian V Ziegler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kanishka Parashar
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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19
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Xu L, Li K, Li J, Xu F, Liang S, Kong Y, Chen B. IL-18 serves as a main effector of CAF-derived METTL3 against immunosuppression of NSCLC via driving NF-κB pathway. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2265625. [PMID: 37871286 PMCID: PMC10595399 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2265625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNA. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been completely elucidated.Objective: To explore whether methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affects the secretion of IL-18, which drives NSCLC cells to regulate PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression via the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.Methods: Histopathological features of NSCLC tissues were identified by H&E and IHC staining. The levels of m6A writers (METTL3), IL-18 and NF-κB pathway related genes were assessed. The quantity of CD8+ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). The direct binding relationship between METTL3 and IL-18 mRNA was detected by RIP assay and RNA pulldown and confirmed by dual - luciferase reporter assay. The level of RNA m6A was detected by RNA m6A dot blot and meRIP assays. A heterotopic implantation model of NSCLC was established in NOD-SCID mice for further explore the effect of CAF derived METTL3 on immunosuppression of NSCLC in vivo.Results: Our results illustrated that METTL3 was down-regulated in CAFs, and CAF derived METTL3 alleviated PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression of NSCLC through IL-18. Subsequently, we found that IL-18 was main effector of CAF-derived METTL3 against immunosuppression of NSCLC, and IL-18 accelerated immunosuppression of NSCLC by driving NF-κB pathway. In vivo, METTL3 knockdown-derived CAFs accelerated immunosuppression of NSCLC.Conclusion: IL-18 served as a main effector of CAF-derived METTL3 against immunosuppression of NSCLC via driving NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Kang Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhi Liang
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kong
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bolin Chen
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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20
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Liang H, Yang C, Zeng R, Song Y, Wang J, Xiong W, Yan B, Jin X. Targeting CBX3 with a Dual BET/PLK1 Inhibitor Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302368. [PMID: 37949681 PMCID: PMC10754129 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a significant factor that reduces life expectancy among patients with prostate cancer. Previously, it is reported that CDK4/6 inhibitors can overcome the resistance of CRPC to BET inhibitors by destabilizing BRD4, suggesting that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and BET inhibitors is a promising approach for treating CRPC. In this study, candidates that affect the combined antitumor effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors and BET inhibitors on CRPC is aimed to examine. The data demonstrates that CBX3 is abnormally upregulated in CDK4/6 inhibitors-resistant cells. CBX3 is almost positively correlated with the cell cycle in multiple malignancies and is downregulated by BET inhibitors. Mechanistically, it is showed that CBX3 is transcriptionally upregulated by BRD4 in CRPC cells. Moreover, it is demonstrated that CBX3 modulated the sensitivity of CRPC to CDK4/6 inhibitors by binding with RB1 to release E2F1. Furthermore, it is revealed that PLK1 phosphorylated CBX3 to enhance the interaction between RB1 and CBX3, and desensitize CRPC cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Given that BRD4 regulates CBX3 expression and PLK1 affects the binding between RB1 and CBX3, it is proposed that a dual BRD4/PLK1 inhibitor can increase the sensitivity of CRPC cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors partially through CBX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Liang
- Department of UrologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Uro‐Oncology Institute of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Ruijiang Zeng
- Department of UrologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Uro‐Oncology Institute of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Yingqiu Song
- Cancer centerUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Jianxi Wang
- Department of UrologyThe Third Hospital of ChangshaChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of UrologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Uro‐Oncology Institute of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Binyuan Yan
- Department of UrologyPelvic Floor Disorders CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of UrologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Uro‐Oncology Institute of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
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21
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Wu H, Chen Y, Li M, Chen Z, Liu J, Lai G. Characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration and therapeutic responses of cell cycle-related genes' signature in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13889-13904. [PMID: 37540256 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how the cell cycle plays a role in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to establish a clinically applicable predictive model to predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival in BC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cycle-related genes (CCGs) were identified within the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n is equal to 1001) and the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort (n is equal to 3265). An analysis of univariate and multivariate Cox was then conducted to develop a nomogram based on CCGs. After validating the nomogram, risk cohort stratification was established and the predictive value was examined. Finally, immune cell infiltration and therapeutic responses were analysed. RESULTS Based on 15 CCGs, 4 prognostic predictors were identified and entered into the nomogram. According to the curves of calibration, the estimated and observed value of the nomogram is in optimal agreement. Subsequently, stratification into two risk cohorts showed that the predictive value, immune cell infiltration and overall survival were better among patients with low risk. Immune checkpoint expression in patients with BC at higher risk was downregulated. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, cisplatin and vinorelbine all had higher IC50 values in patients with high-risk BC. CONCLUSION The nomogram based on CCG could assess tumour immune micro-environment regulation and therapeutic responses of immunotherapy in BC. Moreover, it may provide novel information on the control of immune micro-environment infiltration in BC and aid in the development of targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- The Second Clinical School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- The Second Clinical School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Guie Lai
- Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
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22
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Gomes I, Abreu C, Costa L, Casimiro S. The Evolving Pathways of the Efficacy of and Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4835. [PMID: 37835528 PMCID: PMC10571967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The approval of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) has remarkably improved the survival outcomes of patients with advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC), becoming the new standard of care treatment in these patients. Despite the efficacy of this therapeutic combination, intrinsic and acquired resistance inevitably occurs and represents a major clinical challenge. Several mechanisms associated with resistance to CDK4/6i have been identified, including both cell cycle-related and cell cycle-nonspecific mechanisms. This review discusses new insights underlying the mechanisms of action of CDK4/6i, which are more far-reaching than initially thought, and the currently available evidence of the mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6i in BC. Finally, it highlights possible treatment strategies to improve CDK4/6i efficacy, summarizing the most relevant clinical data on novel combination therapies involving CDK4/6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Gomes
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Abreu
- Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria—Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Luis Costa
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria—Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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23
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Motolani A, Martin M, Wang B, Jiang G, Alipourgivi F, Huang X, Safa A, Liu Y, Lu T. Critical Role of Novel O-GlcNAcylation of S550 and S551 on the p65 Subunit of NF-κB in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4742. [PMID: 37835439 PMCID: PMC10571874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, with a mere 5-year survival of ~10%. This highlights the urgent need for innovative treatment options for PDAC patients. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a crucial transcription factor that is constitutively activated in PDAC. It mediates the transcription of oncogenic and inflammatory genes that facilitate multiple PDAC phenotypes. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of NF-κB activation holds great promise for PDAC diagnosis and effective therapeutics. Here, we report a novel finding that the p65 subunit of NF-κB is O-GlcNAcylated at serine 550 and 551 upon NF-κB activation. Importantly, the overexpression of either serine-to-alanine (S-A) single mutant (S550A or S551A) or double mutant (S550A/S551A) of p65 in PDAC cells impaired NF-κB nuclear translocation, p65 phosphorylation, and transcriptional activity, independent of IκBα degradation. Moreover, the p65 mutants downregulate a category of NF-κB-target genes, which play a role in perpetuating major cancer hallmarks. We further show that overexpression of the p65 mutants inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth of PDAC cells compared to WT-p65. Collectively, we discovered novel serine sites of p65 O-GlcNAcylation that drive NF-κB activation and PDAC phenotypes, thus opening new avenues by inhibiting the NF-κB O-GlcNAcylation enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), for PDAC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat Motolani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Matthew Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Guanglong Jiang
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Faranak Alipourgivi
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.A.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiumei Huang
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.A.); (X.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ahmad Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.A.); (X.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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24
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Lin X, Yang S, Zhou C, Ao C, Sun D. The NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 UBA3 orchestrates the immunosuppressive microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma via the NF-кB pathway. Med Oncol 2023; 40:286. [PMID: 37656220 PMCID: PMC10474176 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cells play important roles in generating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and facilitating tumor immune escape. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their immunosuppressive effects remain unclear. UBA3, the sole catalytic subunit of the neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 (NEDD8)-activating enzyme E1, is highly expressed in various human malignancies, along with an activated neddylation pathway. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the UBA3-dependent neddylation pathway and the infiltration of several immunosuppressive cell populations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We explored the regulatory mechanisms of UBA3 in LUAD cells by using mRNA sequencing and functional enrichment analyses. Correlations between neddylation and immune infiltrates were assessed by Western blotting, real-time PCR, and analyses of public databases. We found elevated levels of UBA3 expression in LUAD tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Blocking UBA3 and the neddylation pathway promoted the accumulation of the phosphorylated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor (p-IκBα), inhibiting the gene expression of tumor cell-derived cytokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 1, CSF2 interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1B. Moreover, the overexpression of UBA3 in LUAD cells was associated with the secretion of these cytokines, and the recruitment and infiltration of immunosuppressive cells including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), Th2 cells and T-regulatory cells (Tregs). This could facilitate the tumor immune escape and malignant progression of LUAD. Our findings provide new insights into the role of UBA3 in establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) signaling and the neddylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongzhi Lin
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caichuan Zhou
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengcheng Ao
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Sun
- Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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25
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Kohlmeyer JL, Lingo JJ, Kaemmer CA, Scherer A, Warrier A, Voigt E, Garay JAR, McGivney GR, Brockman QR, Tang A, Calizo A, Pollard K, Zhang X, Hirbe AC, Pratilas CA, Leidinger M, Breheny P, Chimenti MS, Sieren JC, Monga V, Tanas MR, Meyerholz DK, Darbro BW, Dodd RD, Quelle DE. CDK4/6-MEK Inhibition in MPNSTs Causes Plasma Cell Infiltration, Sensitization to PD-L1 Blockade, and Tumor Regression. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3484-3497. [PMID: 37410426 PMCID: PMC10528807 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are lethal, Ras-driven sarcomas that lack effective therapies. We investigated effects of targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), MEK, and/or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in preclinical MPNST models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patient-matched MPNSTs and precursor lesions were examined by FISH, RNA sequencing, IHC, and Connectivity-Map analyses. Antitumor activity of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors was measured in MPNST cell lines, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and de novo mouse MPNSTs, with the latter used to determine anti-PD-L1 response. RESULTS Patient tumor analyses identified CDK4/6 and MEK as actionable targets for MPNST therapy. Low-dose combinations of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors synergistically reactivated the retinoblastoma (RB1) tumor suppressor, induced cell death, and decreased clonogenic survival of MPNST cells. In immune-deficient mice, dual CDK4/6-MEK inhibition slowed tumor growth in 4 of 5 MPNST PDXs. In immunocompetent mice, combination therapy of de novo MPNSTs caused tumor regression, delayed resistant tumor outgrowth, and improved survival relative to monotherapies. Drug-sensitive tumors that regressed contained plasma cells and increased cytotoxic T cells, whereas drug-resistant tumors adopted an immunosuppressive microenvironment with elevated MHC II-low macrophages and increased tumor cell PD-L1 expression. Excitingly, CDK4/6-MEK inhibition sensitized MPNSTs to anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with some mice showing complete tumor regression. CONCLUSIONS CDK4/6-MEK inhibition induces a novel plasma cell-associated immune response and extended antitumor activity in MPNSTs, which dramatically enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy. These preclinical findings provide strong rationale for clinical translation of CDK4/6-MEK-ICB targeted therapies in MPNST as they may yield sustained antitumor responses and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Kohlmeyer
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua J Lingo
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Courtney A Kaemmer
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amanda Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Akshaya Warrier
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ellen Voigt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Gavin R McGivney
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Qierra R Brockman
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Ana Calizo
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai Pollard
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Angela C Hirbe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mariah Leidinger
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jessica C. Sieren
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Radiation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Varun Monga
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Munir R Tanas
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dawn E Quelle
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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26
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Yu M, Wu W, Sun Y, Yan H, Zhang L, Wang Z, Gong Y, Wang T, Li Q, Song J, Wang M, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhan J, Zhang H. FRMD8 targets both CDK4 activation and RB degradation to suppress colon cancer growth. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112886. [PMID: 37527040 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and retinoblastoma protein (RB) are both important cell-cycle regulators that function in different scenarios. Here, we report that FERM domain-containing 8 (FRMD8) inhibits CDK4 activation and stabilizes RB, thereby causing cell-cycle arrest and inhibiting colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth. FRMD8 interacts separately with CDK7 and CDK4, and it disrupts the interaction of CDK7 with CDK4, subsequently inhibiting CDK4 activation. FRMD8 competes with MDM2 to bind RB and attenuates MDM2-mediated RB degradation. Frmd8 deficiency in mice accelerates azoxymethane/dextran-sodium-sulfate-induced colorectal adenoma formation. The FRMD8 promoter is hypermethylated, and low expression of FRMD8 predicts poor prognosis in CRC patients. Further, we identify an LKCHE-containing FRMD8 peptide that blocks MDM2 binding to RB and stabilizes RB. Combined application of the CDK4 inhibitor and FRMD8 peptide leads to marked suppression of CRC cell growth. Therefore, using an LKCHE-containing peptide to interfere with the MDM2-RB interaction may have therapeutic value in CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haoyi Yan
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenbin Wang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuqing Gong
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianzhuo Wang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiagui Song
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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27
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Schrank TP, Kothari A, Weir WH, Stepp WH, Rehmani H, Liu X, Wang X, Sewell A, Li X, Tasoulas J, Kim S, Yarbrough G, Xie Y, Flamand Y, Marur S, Hayward MC, Wu D, Burtness B, Anderson KS, Baldwin AS, Yarbrough WG, Issaeva N. Noncanonical HPV carcinogenesis drives radiosensitization of head and neck tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216532120. [PMID: 37523561 PMCID: PMC10410762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216532120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed transcriptional data from 104 HPV+ (Human papillomavirus) HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) tumors together with two publicly available sources to identify highly robust transcriptional programs (modules) which could be detected consistently despite heterogeneous sequencing and quantification methodologies. Among 22 modules identified, we found a single module that naturally subclassifies HPV+ HNSCC tumors based on a bimodal pattern of gene expression, clusters all atypical features of HPV+ HNSCC biology into a single subclass, and predicts patient outcome in four independent cohorts. The subclass-defining gene set was strongly correlated with Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target expression. Tumors with high expression of this NF-κB module were rarely associated with activating PIK3CA alterations or viral integration, and also expressed higher levels of HPHPV E2 and had decreased APOBEC mutagenesis. Alternatively, they harbored inactivating alterations of key regulators of NF-κB, TNF receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and cylindromatosis (CYLD), as well as retinoblastoma protein (RB1). HPV+ HNSCC cells in culture with experimental depletion of TRAF3 or CYLD displayed increased expression of the subclass-defining genes, as well as robust radio-sensitization, thus recapitulating both the tumor transcriptional state and improved treatment response observed in patient data. Across all gene sets investigated, methylation to expression correlations were the strongest for the subclass-defining, NF-κB-related genes. Increased tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and increased Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) expression were identified in NF-κB active tumors. Based on the relatively high rates of cure in HPV+ HNSCC, deintensification of therapy to reduce treatment-related morbidity is being studied at many institutions. Tumor subclassification based on oncogenic subtypes may help guide the selection of therapeutic intensity or modality for patients with HPV+ HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis P. Schrank
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Aditi Kothari
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - William H. Weir
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Wesley H. Stepp
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Hina Rehmani
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Andrew Sewell
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Jason Tasoulas
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Sulgi Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Gray Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Yue Xie
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA02109
| | - Yael Flamand
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA02109
| | - Shanthi Marur
- Johns Hopkins Univ/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Michele C. Hayward
- Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Albert S. Baldwin
- Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Wendell G. Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
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28
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Al-Rashidi RR, Noraldeen SAM, Kareem AK, Mahmoud AK, Kadhum WR, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Iswanto AH, Obaid RF, Jalil AT, Mustafa YF, Nabavi N, Wang Y, Wang L. Malignant function of nuclear factor-kappaB axis in prostate cancer: Molecular interactions and regulation by non-coding RNAs. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106775. [PMID: 37075872 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is a malignant situation that arises from genomic alterations in the prostate, leading to changes in tumorigenesis. The NF-κB pathway modulates various biological mechanisms, including inflammation and immune responses. Dysregulation of NF-κB promotes carcinogenesis, including increased proliferation, invasion, and therapy resistance. As an incurable disease globally, prostate cancer is a significant health concern, and research into genetic mutations and NF-κB function has the efficacy to facilitate the introduction of novel therapies. NF-κB upregulation is observed during prostate cancer progression, resulting in increased cell cycle progression and proliferation rates. Additionally, NF-κB endorses resistance to cell death and enhances the capacity for metastasis, particularly bone metastasis. Overexpression of NF-κB triggers chemoresistance and radio-resistance, and inhibition of NF-κB by anti-tumor compounds can reduce cancer progression. Interestingly, non-coding RNA transcripts can regulate NF-κB level and its nuclear transfer, offering a potential avenue for modulating prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Kamil Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
| | | | - Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia
| | - Acim Heri Iswanto
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rasha Fadhel Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, V5Z1L3 Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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29
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Zhang S, Xu Q, Sun W, Zhou J, Zhou J. Immunomodulatory effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188912. [PMID: 37182667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the cell cycle is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 play crucial roles in regulating cell cycle and other cellular functions. CDK4/6 inhibitors have achieved great success in treating breast cancers and are currently being tested extensively in other tumor types as well. Accumulating evidence suggests that CDK4/6 inhibitors exert antitumor effects through immunomodulation aside from cell cycle arrest. Here we outline the immunomodulatory activities of CDK4/6 inhibitors, discuss the immune mechanisms of drug resistance and explore avenues to harness their immunotherapeutic potential when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy to improve the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianya Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Dong X, Dai H, Lin Y, Sheng X, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Jiang S, Yin W, Lu J. TIMELESS upregulates PD-L1 expression and exerts an immunosuppressive role in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:400. [PMID: 37340461 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of the PD-L1 (CD274) immune checkpoint ligand on the tumor surface facilitates tumor immune escape and limits the application of immunotherapy in various cancers, including breast cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying high PD-L1 levels in cancers are still poorly understood. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses and in vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out to assess the association between CD8+ T lymphocytes and TIMELESS (TIM) expression, and to discover the mechanisms of TIM, the transcription factor c-Myc, and PD-L1 in breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS The circadian gene TIM enhanced PD-L1 transcription and facilitated the aggressiveness and progression of breast cancer through the intrinsic and extrinsic roles of PD-L1 overexpression. Bioinformatic analyses of our RNA sequencing data in TIM-knockdown breast cancer cells and public transcriptomic datasets showed that TIM might play an immunosuppressive role in breast cancer. We found that TIM expression was inversely associated with CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in human breast cancer samples and subcutaneous tumor tissues. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TIM knockdown increased CD8+ T lymphocyte antitumor activity. Furthermore, our results showed that TIM interacts with c-Myc to enhance the transcriptional capability of PD-L1 and facilitates the aggressiveness and progression of breast cancer through the intrinsic and extrinsic roles of PD-L1 overexpression. Moreover, public database analysis suggested that high TIM levels were positively related to PD-L1 inhibitor therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistically, we first found that TIM could upregulate PD-L1 by interacting with c-Myc to enhance the transcriptional capability of c-Myc to PD-L1. Altogether, our findings not only provide a novel therapeutic strategy to treat breast cancer by targeting the oncogenic effect of TIM but also indicate that TIM is a promising biomarker for predicting the benefit of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huijuan Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaonan Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjin Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jinsong Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Olson BM, Chaudagar K, Bao R, Saha SS, Hong C, Li M, Rameshbabu S, Chen R, Thomas A, Patnaik A. BET Inhibition Sensitizes Immunologically Cold Rb-Deficient Prostate Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:751-764. [PMID: 37014264 PMCID: PMC10239341 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-T-cell-inflamed immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironments (TME) are associated with poor responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and can be sculpted by tumor cell genomics. Here, we evaluated how retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor-suppressor loss-of-function (LOF), one of the most frequent alterations in human cancer and associated with lineage plasticity, poor prognosis, and therapeutic outcomes, alters the TME, and whether therapeutic strategies targeting the molecular consequences of Rb loss enhance ICB efficacy. We performed bioinformatics analysis to elucidate the impact of endogenous Rb LOF on the immune TME in human primary and metastatic tumors. Next, we used isogenic murine models of Rb-deficient prostate cancer for in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies to examine how Rb loss and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibition (BETi) reprograms the immune landscape, and evaluated in vivo therapeutic efficacy of BETi, singly and in combination with ICB and androgen deprivation therapy. Rb loss was enriched in non-T-cell-inflamed tumors, and Rb-deficient murine tumors demonstrated decreased immune infiltration in vivo. The BETi JQ1 increased immune infiltration into the TME through enhanced tumor cell STING/NF-κB activation and type I IFN signaling within tumor cells, resulting in differential macrophage and T-cell-mediated tumor growth inhibition and sensitization of Rb-deficient prostate cancer to ICB. BETi can reprogram the immunologically cold Rb-deficient TME via STING/NF-κB/IFN signaling to sensitize Rb-deficient prostate cancer to ICB. These data provide the mechanistic rationale to test combinations of BETi and ICB in clinical trials of Rb-deficient prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Olson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kiranj Chaudagar
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Riyue Bao
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Cancer Bioinformatics Services, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sweta Sharma Saha
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Hong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marguerite Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Srikrishnan Rameshbabu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Raymond Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alison Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Akash Patnaik
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Yan B, Li X, Peng M, Zuo Y, Wang Y, Liu P, Ren W, Jin X. The YTHDC1/GLUT3/RNF183 axis forms a positive feedback loop that modulates glucose metabolism and bladder cancer progression. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1145-1158. [PMID: 37258572 PMCID: PMC10318083 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glucose metabolism is a characteristic of bladder cancer. Hyperglycemia contributes to the development and progression of bladder cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which hyperglycemia promotes the aggressiveness of cancers, especially bladder cancer, is still incompletely understood. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a kind of methylation modification occurring at the N6 position of adenosine that is important for the pathogenesis of urological tumors. Recently, it was found that the m6A reader YTHDC1 is regulated by high-glucose conditions. In our study, we revealed that YTHDC1 is not only regulated by high-glucose conditions but is also downregulated in bladder cancer tissue and associated with the prognosis of cancer. We also showed that YTHDC1 suppresses the malignant progression of and the glycolytic process in bladder cancer cells in an m6A-dependent manner and determined that this effect is partially mediated by GLUT3. Moreover, GLUT3 was found to destabilize YTHDC1 by upregulating RNF183 expression. In summary, we identified a novel YTHDC1/GLUT3/RNF183 feedback loop that regulates disease progression and glucose metabolism in bladder cancer. Collectively, this study provides new insight regarding the pathogenesis of bladder cancer under hyperglycemic conditions and might reveal ideal candidates for the development of drugs for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xurui Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mou Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pian Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weigang Ren
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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33
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Zhou MY, Bui NQ, Charville GW, Ganjoo KN, Pan M. Treatment of De-Differentiated Liposarcoma in the Era of Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119571. [PMID: 37298520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated/de-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS) is one of the most common histologic subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS); however, treatment options remain limited. WDLPS and DDLPS both exhibit the characteristic amplification of chromosome region 12q13-15, which contains the genes CDK4 and MDM2. DDLPS exhibits higher amplification ratios of these two and carries additional genomic lesions, including the amplification of chromosome region 1p32 and chromosome region 6q23, which may explain the more aggressive biology of DDLPS. WDLPS does not respond to systemic chemotherapy and is primarily managed with local therapy, including multiple resections and debulking procedures whenever clinically feasible. In contrast, DDLPS can respond to chemotherapy drugs and drug combinations, including doxorubicin (or doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide), gemcitabine (or gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel), trabectedin, eribulin, and pazopanib. However, the response rate is generally low, and the response duration is usually short. This review highlights the clinical trials with developmental therapeutics that have been completed or are ongoing, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review will also discuss the current landscape in assessing biomarkers for identifying tumors sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Y Zhou
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Nam Q Bui
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gregory W Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kristen N Ganjoo
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Minggui Pan
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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Shrestha M, Wang DY, Ben-David Y, Zacksenhaus E. CDK4/6 inhibitors and the pRB-E2F1 axis suppress PVR and PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37230983 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint (IC) modulators like the poliovirus receptor (PVR) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) attenuate innate and adaptive immune responses and are potential therapeutic targets for diverse malignancies, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, pRB, controls cell growth through E2F1-3 transcription factors, and its inactivation drives metastatic cancer, yet its effect on IC modulators is contentious. Here, we show that RB-loss and high E2F1/E2F2 signatures correlate with expression of PVR, CD274 (PD-L1 gene) and other IC modulators and that pRB represses whereas RB depletion and E2F1 induce PVR and CD274 in TNBC cells. Accordingly, the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, suppresses both PVR and PD-L1 expression. Palbociclib also counteracts the effect of CDK4 on SPOP, leading to its depletion, but the overall effect of palbociclib is a net reduction in PD-L1 level. Hydrochloric acid, commonly used to solubilize palbociclib, counteracts its effect and induces PD-L1 expression. Remarkably, lactic acid, a by-product of glycolysis, also induces PD-L1 as well as PVR. Our results suggest a model in which CDK4/6 regulates PD-L1 turnover by promoting its transcription via pRB-E2F1 and degradation via SPOP and that the CDK4/6-pRB-E2F pathway couples cell proliferation with the induction of multiple innate and adaptive immunomodulators, with direct implications for cancer progression, anti-CDK4/6- and IC-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Shrestha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, Rm. 5R406, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Dong-Yu Wang
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, Rm. 5R406, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, 550014, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, Rm. 5R406, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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35
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Wu X, Sun L, Xu F. NF-κB in Cell Deaths, Therapeutic Resistance and Nanotherapy of Tumors: Recent Advances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:783. [PMID: 37375731 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a complicated role in multiple tumors. Mounting evidence demonstrates that NF-κB activation supports tumorigenesis and development by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, preventing cell death, facilitating angiogenesis, regulating tumor immune microenvironment and metabolism, and inducing therapeutic resistance. Notably, NF-κB functions as a double-edged sword exerting positive or negative influences on cancers. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research on the regulation of NF-κB in cancer cell deaths, therapy resistance, and NF-κB-based nano delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310005, China
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36
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Liu J, Bu X, Chu C, Dai X, Asara JM, Sicinski P, Freeman GJ, Wei W. PRMT1 mediated methylation of cGAS suppresses anti-tumor immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2806. [PMID: 37193698 PMCID: PMC10188589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathway is essential and effective for anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, it remains largely elusive how tumor-intrinsic cGAS signaling is suppressed to facilitate tumorigenesis by escaping immune surveillance. Here, we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT1, methylates cGAS at the conserved Arg133 residue, which prevents cGAS dimerization and suppresses the cGAS/STING signaling in cancer cells. Notably, genetic or pharmaceutical ablation of PRMT1 leads to activation of cGAS/STING-dependent DNA sensing signaling, and robustly elevates the transcription of type I and II interferon response genes. As such, PRMT1 inhibition elevates tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a cGAS-dependent manner, and promotes tumoral PD-L1 expression. Thus, combination therapy of PRMT1 inhibitor with anti-PD-1 antibody augments the anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Our study therefore defines the PRMT1/cGAS/PD-L1 regulatory axis as a critical factor in determining immune surveillance efficacy, which serves as a promising therapeutic target for boosting tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xia Bu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Huang M, Yang S, Tai WCS, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Cho WCS, Chan LWC, Wong SCC. Bioinformatics Identification of Regulatory Genes and Mechanism Related to Hypoxia-Induced PD-L1 Inhibitor Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108720. [PMID: 37240068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of a PD-L1 inhibitor and an anti-angiogenic agent has become the new reference standard in the first-line treatment of non-excisable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the survival advantage, but its objective response rate remains low at 36%. Evidence shows that PD-L1 inhibitor resistance is attributed to hypoxic tumor microenvironment. In this study, we performed bioinformatics analysis to identify genes and the underlying mechanisms that improve the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibition. Two public datasets of gene expression profiles, (1) HCC tumor versus adjacent normal tissue (N = 214) and (2) normoxia versus anoxia of HepG2 cells (N = 6), were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified HCC-signature and hypoxia-related genes, using differential expression analysis, and their 52 overlapping genes. Of these 52 genes, 14 PD-L1 regulator genes were further identified through the multiple regression analysis of TCGA-LIHC dataset (N = 371), and 10 hub genes were indicated in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. It was found that POLE2, GABARAPL1, PIK3R1, NDC80, and TPX2 play critical roles in the response and overall survival in cancer patients under PD-L1 inhibitor treatment. Our study provides new insights and potential biomarkers to enhance the immunotherapeutic role of PD-L1 inhibitors in HCC, which can help in exploring new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Huang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sijun Yang
- Department of endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - William Chi Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yinuo Zhou
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Lawrence Wing Chi Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zeng X, Tang X, Chen X, Wen H. RNF182 induces p65 ubiquitination to affect PDL1 transcription and suppress immune evasion in lung adenocarcinoma. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e864. [PMID: 37249301 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RING finger (RNF) proteins are a large group of ubiquitin ligases whose aberrant expression is often associated with disease progression. This study examines the function of RNF protein 182 (RNF182) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and its impact on p65 and programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) regulation. METHODS Expression of RNF182, p65, and PDL1 in LUAD tissues and cells was measured using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and/or western blot (WB) assays. LUAD cells were induced to overexpress RNF182 and p65, followed by cell counting kit-8, colony formation, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays to evaluate the cells' malignant phenotype. Coimmunoprecipitation and WB assays were used to verify RNF182's effect on p65 ubiquitination. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and luciferase assays were used to analyze p65's transcriptional regulation of PDL1. Coculture of LUAD with CD8+ cytotoxic T cells was performed to detect lactate dehydrogenase release and interferon-γ and interleukin-2 concentrations. LUAD cells were implanted in mice to analyze tumorigenicity. RESULTS RNF182 was poorly expressed, while p65 and PDL1 were highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cells. RNF182 overexpression suppressed the malignant properties of LUAD cells, and it promoted p65 ubiquitination and protein degradation. p65 activated PDL1 transcription. Overexpression of RNF182 suppressed the PDL1 expression, increased the cytotoxicity in LUAD cells cocultured with CD8+ T cells, and suppressed the tumorigenesis of cancer cells in vivo. However, these tumor-suppressive effects of RNF182 on LUAD cells were blocked by p65 restoration. CONCLUSION This research demonstrates that RNF182 induces p65 ubiquitination to suppress PDL1 transcription and immunosuppression in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdu Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Zhu X, Zhou C, Zhao S, Zheng Z. Role of m6A methylation in retinal diseases. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109489. [PMID: 37084873 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases remain among the leading causes of visual impairment in developed countries, despite great efforts in prevention and early intervention. Due to the limited efficacy of current retinal therapies, novel therapeutic methods are urgently required. Over the past two decades, advances in next-generation sequencing technology have facilitated research on RNA modifications, which can elucidate the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms to disease. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), formed by methylation of adenosine at the N6-position, is the most widely studied RNA modification and plays an important role in RNA metabolism. It is dynamically regulated by writers (methyltransferases) and erasers (demethylases), and recognized by readers (m6A binding proteins). Although the discovery of m6A methylation can be traced back to the 1970s, its regulatory roles in retinal diseases are rarely appreciated. Here, we provide an overview of m6A methylation, and discuss its effects and possible mechanisms on retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinoblastoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Furthermore, we highlight potential agents targeting m6A methylation for retinal disease treatment and discuss the limitations and challenges of research in the field of m6A methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chuandi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shuzhi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Cao Y, Chen S, Lu J, Zhang M, Shi L, Qin J, Lv J, Li D, Ma L, Zhang Y. BPA induces placental trophoblast proliferation inhibition and fetal growth restriction by inhibiting the expression of SRB1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60805-60819. [PMID: 37037937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a common environmental toxicant that is known to be associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). However, the mechanisms of how BPA induce FGR is poorly characterized. We conducted proteomics to identify the abnormal expression of SRB1 in female placental tissues with high BPA-induced FGR and further verified its decreased expression in human placenta and BeWo cells. Next, the effect of BPA on fetal development was further confirmed in pregnant C57BL/6 mice. The expression of SRB1 was consistently downregulated in human FGR placentas, BPA-exposed trophoblasts and mouse placentas. In addition, we found that SRB1 interacted with PCNA, and BPA exposure indirectly reduced the expression of PCNA and further inhibited placental proliferation. In vitro studies showed that BPA exposure reduced the expression of CDK1, CDK2, cyclin B and phosphorylated Rb in placental trophoblast cells, indicating cell cycle arrest after exposure to BPA. In addition, the expression of γ-H2AX and phosphorylated ATM was upregulated in BPA-exposed trophoblasts, indicating increased DNA damage. Our results indicate that BPA-induced FGR is achieved by reducing the expression of SRB1, inhibiting placental proliferation and increasing DNA damage. Our findings not only explain the mechanism of BPA-associated developmental toxicity but also shed light upon developing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Cao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No 169 of Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No 169 of Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No 169 of Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juling Qin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No 169 of Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China.
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Yi J, Tavana O, Li H, Wang D, Baer RJ, Gu W. Targeting USP2 regulation of VPRBP-mediated degradation of p53 and PD-L1 for cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1941. [PMID: 37024504 PMCID: PMC10079682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Mdm2 (Mouse double minute 2) inhibitors show serious toxicity in clinic studies, different approaches to achieve therapeutic reactivation of p53-mediated tumor suppression in cancers need to be explored. Here, we identify the USP2 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 2)-VPRBP (viral protein R binding protein) axis as an important pathway for p53 regulation. Like Mdm2, VPRBP is a potent repressor of p53 but VPRBP stability is controlled by USP2. Interestingly, the USP2-VPRBP axis also regulates PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) expression. Strikingly, the combination of a small-molecule USP2 inhibitor and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody leads to complete regression of the tumors expressing wild-type p53. In contrast to Mdm2, knockout of Usp2 in mice has no obvious effect in normal tissues. Moreover, no obvious toxicity is observed upon the USP2 inhibitor treatment in vivo as Mdm2-mediated regulation of p53 remains intact. Our study reveals a promising strategy for p53-based therapy by circumventing the toxicity issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Yi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donglai Wang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Baer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Huang Z, Li X, Tang B, Li H, Zhang J, Sun R, Ma J, Pan Y, Yan B, Zhou Y, Ding D, Yan Y, Jimenez R, Orme JJ, Jin X, Yang J, Huang H, Jia Z. SETDB1 Modulates Degradation of Phosphorylated RB and Anticancer Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2023; 83:875-889. [PMID: 36637424 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) protein can exert tumor suppressor functions even when it becomes phosphorylated. It is thus essential to understand how phosphorylated RB (p-RB) expression and function are regulated. Here, we demonstrated that RING finger domain protein TRIM28 bound and promoted ubiquitination and degradation of CDK4/6-phosphorylated RB protein. SETDB1, a known TRIM28 binding partner, protected p-RB from degradation through the binding of methylated RB by its Tudor domain independent of its methyltransferase activity. SETDB1 was found to be frequently overexpressed due to gene amplification and positively correlated with p-RB in prostate cancer patient specimens. Inhibition of SETDB1 expression using a gene-specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) reduced tumor growth but accelerated RB protein degradation, limiting the therapeutic efficacy. However, coadministration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib blocked ASO-induced RB degradation and resulted in a much greater cancer-inhibitory effect than each inhibitor alone both in vitro and in vivo. This study identified CDK4/6-dependent, TRIM28-mediated proteasomal degradation as a mechanism of RB inactivation and reveals SETDB1 as a key inhibitor of this process. Our findings suggest that combined targeting of SETDB1 and CDK4/6 represents a viable approach for the treatment of cancers with SETDB1 gene amplification or overexpression. SIGNIFICANCE The identification of a role for TRIM28 and SETDB1 in regulating CDK4/6-phosphorylated RB stability uncovers a combination strategy using CDK4/6 and SETDB1 inhibition to decrease RB degradation and inhibit cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Huang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jianong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Binyuan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingke Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Donglin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rafael Jimenez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jacob J Orme
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Human, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yi X, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Guo S, Chen J, Du J, Tian Y, Ma J, Zhang B, Wu L, Shi Q, Gao T, Guo W, Li C. SIRT7 orchestrates melanoma progression by simultaneously promoting cell survival and immune evasion via UPR activation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:107. [PMID: 36918544 PMCID: PMC10015075 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer, originating from the malignant transformation of melanocyte. While the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has gained revolutionary advances in potentiating the therapeutic effect, the prognosis of patients with melanoma is still suboptimal. During tumor progression, melanoma frequently encounters stress from both endogenous and exogenous sources in tumor microenvironment. SIRT7 is a nuclear-localized deacetylase of which the activity is highly dependent on intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), with versatile biological functions in maintaining cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, whether SIRT7 regulates tumor cell biology and tumor immunology in melanoma under stressful tumor microenvironment remains elusive. Herein, we reported that SIRT7 orchestrates melanoma progression by simultaneously promoting tumor cell survival and immune evasion via the activation of unfolded protein response. We first identified that SIRT7 expression was the most significantly increased one in sirtuins family upon stress. Then, we proved that the deficiency of SIRT7 potentiated tumor cell death under stress in vitro and suppressed melanoma growth in vivo. Mechanistically, SIRT7 selectively activated the IRE1α-XBP1 axis to potentiate the pro-survival ERK signal pathway and the secretion of tumor-promoting cytokines. SIRT7 directly de-acetylated SMAD4 to antagonize the TGF-β-SMAD4 signal, which relieved the transcriptional repression on IRE1α and induced the activation of the IRE1α-XBP1 axis. Moreover, SIRT7 up-regulation eradicated anti-tumor immunity by promoting PD-L1 expression via the IRE1α-XBP1 axis. Additionally, the synergized therapeutic effect of SIRT7 suppression and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade was also investigated. Taken together, SIRT7 can be employed as a promising target to restrain tumor growth and increase the effect of melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hengxiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yangzi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Baolu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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CDK4/6 inhibition triggers ICAM1-driven immune response and sensitizes LKB1 mutant lung cancer to immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1247. [PMID: 36871040 PMCID: PMC9985635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) mutation is prevalent and a driver of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for lung adenocarcinoma. Here leveraging single cell RNA sequencing data, we demonstrate that trafficking and adhesion process of activated T cells are defected in genetically engineered Kras-driven mouse model with Lkb1 conditional knockout. LKB1 mutant cancer cells result in marked suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1). Ectopic expression of Icam1 in Lkb1-deficient tumor increases homing and activation of adoptively transferred SIINFEKL-specific CD8+ T cells, reactivates tumor-effector cell interactions and re-sensitises tumors to ICB. Further discovery proves that CDK4/6 inhibitors upregulate ICAM1 transcription by inhibiting phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein RB in LKB1 deficient cancer cells. Finally, a tailored combination strategy using CDK4/6 inhibitors and anti-PD-1 antibodies promotes ICAM1-triggered immune response in multiple Lkb1-deficient murine models. Our findings renovate that ICAM1 on tumor cells orchestrates anti-tumor immune response, especially for adaptive immunity.
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Ren J, Yu H, Li W, Jin X, Yan B. Downregulation of CBX7 induced by EZH2 upregulates FGFR3 expression to reduce sensitivity to cisplatin in bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:232-244. [PMID: 36396821 PMCID: PMC9902481 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based cytotoxic chemotherapy is considered to be the first-line therapy for advanced bladder cancer (BC), but resistance to cisplatin limits its antitumor effect. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) has been reported to contribute to the progression and cisplatin resistance of BC. Meanwhile, chromobox protein homologue 7 (CBX7) was reported to inhibit BC progression. And our previous RNA-seq data on CBX7 (GSE185630) suggested that CBX7 might repress FGFR3, but the underlying mechanism and other cancer-related functions of CBX7 are still unknown. METHODS Silico analysis of RNA-seq data to identify the upstream regulators and downstream target genes of CBX7. The western blot analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR analysis, CCK-8 assay, and nude mice xenograft models were used to confirm the enhancer of zeste homologue (EZH2)/CBX7/ FGFR3 axis. RESULTS In this study, we first showed that CBX7 is downregulated in BC. Then, we revealed that EZH2 represses CBX7 expression by increasing H3K27me3 in BC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that CBX7 directly downregulates FGFR3 expression and sensitises BC cells to cisplatin treatment by inactivating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-(RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase) AKT signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CBX7 is an ideal candidate to overcome cisplatin resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zhao D, Zhang M, Huang S, Liu Q, Zhu S, Li Y, Jiang W, Kiss DL, Cao Q, Zhang L, Chen K. CHD6 promotes broad nucleosome eviction for transcriptional activation in prostate cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12186-12201. [PMID: 36408932 PMCID: PMC9757051 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a member of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein family, little is known about the exact role of CHD6 in chromatin remodeling or cancer disease. Here we show that CHD6 binds to chromatin to promote broad nucleosome eviction for transcriptional activation of many cancer pathways. By integrating multiple patient cohorts for bioinformatics analysis of over a thousand prostate cancer datasets, we found CHD6 expression elevated in prostate cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Further comprehensive experiments demonstrated that CHD6 regulates oncogenicity of prostate cancer cells and tumor development in a murine xenograft model. ChIP-Seq for CHD6, along with MNase-Seq and RNA-Seq, revealed that CHD6 binds on chromatin to evict nucleosomes from promoters and gene bodies for transcriptional activation of oncogenic pathways. These results demonstrated a key function of CHD6 in evicting nucleosomes from chromatin for transcriptional activation of prostate cancer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, MOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Prostate Cancer Program, Dana-Farber and Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaodong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, MOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Urology, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sen Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanqiang Li
- Prostate Cancer Program, Dana-Farber and Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel L Kiss
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Urology, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Prostate Cancer Program, Dana-Farber and Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wang J, Liu T, Huang T, Shang M, Wang X. The mechanisms on evasion of anti-tumor immune responses in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943806. [PMID: 36439472 PMCID: PMC9686275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the tumor have been at each other's throats for so long that the neoplasm has learned to avoid detection and avoid being attacked, which is called immune evasion. Malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer (GC), share the ability to evade the body's immune system as a defining feature. Immune evasion includes alterations to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), antigen presentation mechanisms (APMs), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). While TAA and APM are simpler in nature, they both involve mutations or epigenetic regulation of genes. The TME is comprised of numerous cell types, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix, any one of which might be altered to have an effect on the surrounding ecosystem. The NF-kB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hippo and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways are all associated with gastric cancer tumor immune evasion. In this review, we will delineate the functions of these pathways in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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48
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Zou X, Guo Y, Mo Z. TLR3 serves as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and is closely correlated with immune microenvironment in three types of cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:905988. [PMID: 36419829 PMCID: PMC9676367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.905988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity, but the prognostic value of TLR3 in heterogeneous tumors and the correlations between TLR3 expression and immune infiltration of heterogeneous tumors remain unclear. Methods: We investigated the expression of TLR3 in a variety of tumors and focused on the diagnostic and prognostic values of TLR3 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and brain lower grade glioma (LGG) by GEPIA, DriverDBv3, UALCAN, TIMER, LinkedOmics, STRING, GeneMANIA and FunRich, as well as the possible mechanisms of TLR3 affecting tumor prognosis were discussed. Additionally, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate TLR3 expression in early KIRC. We also compared the expression of TLR3 in the plasma of early KIRC patients and normal controls by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: TLR3 expression was significantly different in multiple tumors compared with paracancerous nontumor tissues. Elevated expression of TLR3 contributed to the prolonged survival outcome in KIRC patients. Suppressed expression of TLR3 contributed to the prolonged survival outcome in LGG and PAAD patients. Moreover, TLR3 was significantly elevated in stage1, grade1 and N0 of KIRC. The expression and function of TLR3 in KIRC, LGG and PAAD were closely related to tumor immune microenvironment. TRAF6 was a key gene in the interactions between TLR3 and its interacting genes. Finally, the results of RT-qPCR and ELISA indicated that TLR3 expression levels were significantly raised in renal tissue and plasma of early KIRC patients. Conclusion: TLR3 has the potential to be a diagnostic biomarker of KIRC, LGG and PAAD as well as a biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of KIRC, LGG and PAAD, particularly for the early diagnosis of KIRC. TLR3 affects tumors mainly by acting on the immune microenvironment of KIRC, LGG and PAAD. These findings could lead to new insights into the immunotherapeutic targets for KIRC, LGG, and PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Liu J, Peng Y, Inuzuka H, Wei W. Targeting micro-environmental pathways by PROTACs as a therapeutic strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:269-279. [PMID: 35798235 PMCID: PMC11000491 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) composes of multiple cell types and non-cellular components, which supports the proliferation, metastasis and immune surveillance evasion of tumor cells, as well as accounts for the resistance to therapies. Therefore, therapeutic strategies using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) and antibodies to block potential targets in TME are practical for cancer treatment. Targeted protein degradation using PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technic has several advantages over traditional SMIs and antibodies, including overcoming drug resistance. Thus many PROTACs are currently under development for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of PROTAC development that target TME pathways and propose the potential direction of future PROTAC technique to advance as novel cancer treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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Nagaraju GP, Malla RR, Basha R, Motofei IG. Contemporary clinical trials in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and PD-L1. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:616-621. [PMID: 34774995 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a major gastrointestinal cancer in terms of worldwide incidence and mortality. Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities, the mortality of PC is still a serious concern in both sexes. Immune therapy using inhibitors of immune checkpoints, especially inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1), offer huge benefits to cancer patients. This review describes an up-to-date information on the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the development of immune tolerance in PC alongside the current clinical trials and the known outcomes citing the available literature. We also included the details on PD-1/PD-L1-mediated signalling in maintenance of PC stem cells and metastasis. We reviewed the critical information on safety, tolerance, and efficacy of clinically important regimens of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking agents and targeted therapeutics. This review elucidates the underlying mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 alliance in tolerance of the immune system, maintenance of stem cells, and metastasis promotion as well as design regimens with high safety and excellent tolerability and efficacy for management of PC in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, AP, 530045, India
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, The University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States
| | - Ion G Motofei
- Department of Oncology/ Surgery, St. Pantelimon Hospital, Carol Davila University, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Bucharest, 020022, Romania.
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