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Huna A, Massemin A, Makulyte G, Flaman JM, Martin N, Bernard D. Regulation of cell function and identity by cellular senescence. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401112. [PMID: 38865089 PMCID: PMC11169915 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During aging and in some contexts, like embryonic development, wound healing, and diseases such as cancer, senescent cells accumulate and play a key role in different pathophysiological functions. A long-held belief was that cellular senescence decreased normal cell functions, given the loss of proliferation of senescent cells. This view radically changed following the discovery of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), factors released by senescent cells into their microenvironment. There is now accumulating evidence that cellular senescence also promotes gain-of-function effects by establishing, reinforcing, or changing cell identity, which can have a beneficial or deleterious impact on pathophysiology. These effects may involve both proliferation arrest and autocrine SASP production, although they largely remain to be defined. Here, we provide a historical overview of the first studies on senescence and an insight into emerging trends regarding the effects of senescence on cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Huna
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Massemin
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriela Makulyte
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Martin
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Bernard
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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2
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Galanopoulou O, Tachmatzidi EC, Deligianni E, Botskaris D, Nikolaou KC, Gargani S, Dalezios Y, Chalepakis G, Talianidis I. Endonucleosis mediates internalization of cytoplasm into the nucleus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5843. [PMID: 38992049 PMCID: PMC11239883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Setd8 regulates transcription elongation, mitotic DNA condensation, DNA damage response and replication licensing. Here we show that, in mitogen-stimulated liver-specific Setd8-KO mice, most of the hepatocytes are eliminated by necrosis but a significant number of them survive via entering a stage exhibiting several senescence-related features. Setd8-deficient hepatocytes had enlarged nuclei, chromosomal hyperploidy and nuclear engulfments progressing to the formation of intranuclear vesicles surrounded by nuclear lamina. These vesicles contain glycogen, cytoplasmic proteins and even entire organelles. We term this process "endonucleosis". Intranuclear vesicles are absent in hepatocytes of Setd8/Atg5 knockout mice, suggesting that the process requires the function of the canonical autophagy machinery. Endonucleosis and hyperploidization are temporary, early events in the surviving Setd8-deficient cells. Larger vesicles break down into microvesicles over time and are eventually eliminated. The results reveal sequential events in cells with extensive DNA damage, which function as part of survival mechanisms to prevent necrotic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Galanopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Dept. of Biology University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelia C Tachmatzidi
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Dept. of Biology University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Deligianni
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitris Botskaris
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Dept. of Biology University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Gargani
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Yannis Dalezios
- School of Medicine University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Iannis Talianidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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3
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Tatanis V, Veroutis D, Pantelis P, Theocharous G, Sarlanis H, Georgiou A, Mulita F, Peteinaris A, Natsos A, Moulavasilis N, Kavantzas N, Kotsinas A, Adamakis I. Cellular Senescence in Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS) and Other Histological Types of Testicular Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1108. [PMID: 39064537 PMCID: PMC11278860 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The presence and contribution of senescent cells in premalignant lesions is well documented, but not in germ cell neoplasia in situ. The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of senescent cells in pre-malignant testicular conditions and in different histological types of testicular cancer. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent orchiectomy due to testicular tumors were included. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) testicular tissue for each patient was available. Sections from these specimens were examined by immunohistochemical analysis with the following markers: GL13 for cellular senescence, p21WAF1/Cip1 for cell cycle arrest, and Ki67 for cell proliferation. Results: Thirteen (43.3%) suffered from seminoma with a mean total proportion of GCNIS senescence of 20.81 ± 6.81%. In the group of embryonal testicular tumors, nine (30%) patients were included, with an average rate of 6.64 ± 5.42% of senescent cells in GCNIS. One (3.3%) patient suffered from chondrosarcoma in which 7.9% of GL13+ cells were detected in GCNIS. Four (13.4%) patients suffered from teratoma and three (10%) from yolk sac tumors, while GCNIS senescence was detected in a range of 4.43 ± 1.78% and 3.76 ± 1.37%, respectively. Conclusions: Cellular senescence was detected in both germ cell neoplasia in situ and testicular cancer, but was more prevalent within the premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Tatanis
- Department of Urology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.T.); (A.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (P.P.); (G.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Pavlos Pantelis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (P.P.); (G.T.); (A.K.)
| | - George Theocharous
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (P.P.); (G.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Helen Sarlanis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, 10680 Athens, Greece; (H.S.); (A.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Alexandros Georgiou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, 10680 Athens, Greece; (H.S.); (A.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Francesk Mulita
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Angelis Peteinaris
- Department of Urology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.T.); (A.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Anastasios Natsos
- Department of Urology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.T.); (A.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Napoleon Moulavasilis
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10680 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (I.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, 10680 Athens, Greece; (H.S.); (A.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (P.P.); (G.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioannis Adamakis
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10680 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (I.A.)
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4
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Hidmi O, Oster S, Shatleh D, Monin J, Aqeilan RI. Protocol for mapping physiological DSBs using in-suspension break labeling in situ and sequencing. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103059. [PMID: 38717906 PMCID: PMC11098942 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are a major source of genomic instability. Here, we present a protocol for mapping physiological DSBs by in-suspension break labeling in situ and sequencing (sBLISS) in a single-nucleotide resolution. We describe steps for cell fixation, labeling of DSBs, DNA isolation followed by in vitro transcription (IVT), reverse transcription, and library preparation. sBLISS provides a map of DSBs over the genome and can be used to study the role of different factors in DSB formation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hidmi et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hidmi
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Sara Oster
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Diala Shatleh
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Monin
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Cyprus Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Nicosia, Cyprus.
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5
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Gorgoulis VG, Evangelou K, Klionsky DJ. The DNA damage response and autophagy during cancer development: an antagonistic pleiotropy entanglement. Autophagy 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38825325 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2362121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a cardinal cellular stress response mechanism that during cancer development follows an antagonistic pleiotropy mode of action. Given that DDR activation is an energy demanding process, interplay with macroautophagy/autophagy, a stress response and energy providing mechanism, is likely to take place. While molecular connections between both mechanisms have been reported, an open question regards whether autophagy activation follows solely or is entangled with DDR in a similar antagonistic pleiotropy pattern during cancer development. Combing evidence on the spatiotemporal relationship of DDR and autophagy in the entire spectrum of carcinogenesis from our previous studies, we discuss these issues in the current addendum.Abbreviation: AMPK: AMP-dependent protein kinase; DDR: DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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7
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Wan X, Li C, Tan YH, Zuo SQ, Deng FM, Sun J, Liu YL. Dihydroartemisinin eliminates senescent cells by promoting autophagy-dependent ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:726-736. [PMID: 38439187 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell-cycle arrest in response to a variety of cellular stresses, which contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of age-related degenerative diseases. However, effective antisenescence strategies are still lacking. Drugs that selectively target senescent cells represent an intriguing therapeutic strategy to delay aging and age-related diseases. Thus, we thought to investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on senescent cells and elucidated its mechanisms underlying aging. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model was built in NIH3T3 cells using H2O2 and evaluated by β-galactosidase staining. Cells were exposed to DHA and subjected to cellular activity assays including viability, ferroptosis, and autophagy. The number of microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 puncta was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The iron content was assessed by spectrophotometer and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescent probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. We found that DHA triggered senescent cell death via ferroptosis. DHA accelerated ferritin degradation via promoting autophagy, increasing the iron contents, promoting ROS accumulation, thus leading to ferroptotic cell death in SIPS cells. In addition, autophagy inhibitor BafA1 preconditioning inhibited ferroptosis induced by DHA. Moreover, Atg5 silencing and autophagy inhibitor BafA1 preconditioning inhibited ferroptosis induced by DHA. We also revealed that the expression of p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in senescent cells was downregulated. These results suggested that DHA may be a promising drug candidate for clearing senescent cells by inducing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Can Li
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Hao Tan
- Department of Inspection Technology, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qi Zuo
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Mei Deng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lun Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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8
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Zingoni A, Antonangeli F, Sozzani S, Santoni A, Cippitelli M, Soriani A. The senescence journey in cancer immunoediting. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:68. [PMID: 38561826 PMCID: PMC10983694 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is continuously controlled by the immune system which can identify and destroy nascent tumor cells or inhibit metastatic spreading. However, the immune system and its deregulated activity in the tumor microenvironment can also promote tumor progression favoring the outgrowth of cancers capable of escaping immune control, in a process termed cancer immunoediting. This process, which has been classified into three phases, i.e. "elimination", "equilibrium" and "escape", is influenced by several cancer- and microenvironment-dependent factors. Senescence is a cellular program primed by cells in response to different pathophysiological stimuli, which is based on long-lasting cell cycle arrest and the secretion of numerous bioactive and inflammatory molecules. Because of this, cellular senescence is a potent immunomodulatory factor promptly recruiting immune cells and actively promoting tissue remodeling. In the context of cancer, these functions can lead to both cancer immunosurveillance and immunosuppression. In this review, the authors will discuss the role of senescence in cancer immunoediting, highlighting its context- and timing-dependent effects on the different three phases, describing how senescent cells promote immune cell recruitment for cancer cell elimination or sustain tumor microenvironment inflammation for immune escape. A potential contribution of senescent cells in cancer dormancy, as a mechanism of therapy resistance and cancer relapse, will be discussed with the final objective to unravel the immunotherapeutic implications of senescence modulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy.
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9
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Kalisperati P, Spanou E, Pateras IS, Evangelou K, Thymara I, Korkolopoulou P, Kotsinas A, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Tzioufas AG, Kanellopoulos C, Gorgoulis VG, Sougioultzis S. Helicobacter pylori Eradication Reverses DNA Damage Response Pathway but Not Senescence in Human Gastric Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3888. [PMID: 38612698 PMCID: PMC11011975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) and consequently activates the DNA Damage Response pathway (DDR) and senescence in gastric epithelium. We studied DDR activation and senescence before and after the eradication of the pathogen. Gastric antral and corpus biopsies of 61 patients with H. pylori infection, prior to and after eradication treatment, were analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence for DDR marker (γH2AΧ, phosporylated ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (pATM), p53-binding protein (53BP1) and p53) expression. Samples were also evaluated for Ki67 (proliferation index), cleaved caspase-3 (apoptotic index) and GL13 staining (cellular senescence). Ten H. pylori (-) dyspeptic patients served as controls. All patients were re-endoscoped in 72-1361 days (mean value 434 days), and tissue samples were processed in the same manner. The eradication of the microorganism, in human gastric mucosa, downregulates γH2AΧ expression in both the antrum and corpus (p = 0.00019 and p = 0.00081 respectively). The expression of pATM, p53 and 53BP1 is also reduced after eradication. Proliferation and apoptotic indices were reduced, albeit not significantly, after pathogen clearance. Moreover, cellular senescence is increased in H. pylori-infected mucosa and remains unaffected after eradication. Interestingly, senescence was statistically increased in areas of intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared with adjacent non-metaplastic mucosa (p < 0.001). In conclusion, H. pylori infection triggers DSBs, DDR and senescence in the gastric epithelium. Pathogen eradication reverses the DDR activation but not senescence. Increased senescent cells may favor IM persistence, thus potentially contributing to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Kalisperati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Spanou
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.E.); (A.K.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Irene Thymara
- 1st Department of Pathology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.E.); (A.K.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Panayiotis G. Vlachoyiannopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.G.V.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Athanasios G. Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.G.V.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Christos Kanellopoulos
- Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.E.); (A.K.); (V.G.G.)
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Stavros Sougioultzis
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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10
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Tatanis V, Veroutis D, Pantelis P, Theocharous G, Sarlanis H, Georgiou A, Peteinaris A, Natsos A, Moulavasilis N, Kavantzas N, Kotsinas A, Adamakis I. Cellular senescence in testicular cancer. Is there a correlation with the preoperative markers and the extent of the tumor? An experimental study. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2024; 96:12246. [PMID: 38441175 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the correlation between the presence of senescent cells and the tumor size, the lymphovascular invasion (LVI), the invasion of rete testis (RTI), the preoperative tumor markers or pathological stage in patients who underwent orchiectomy for malignant purposes. METHODS This experimental study included patients with a history of radical orchiectomy performed from January 2011 to January 2019. The testicular tissue specimens underwent an immunohistopathological process for the detection of the presence of cellular senescence. Besides, the tumor size, the histopathological type, the pathological stage of the tumor and the presence of Lymphovascular (LVI) or rete testis (RTI) invasions were also recorded. Additionally, the preoperative serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase were recorded. After the completion of immunohistochemical analysis, the rate of senescent cells in each specimen was also recorded. RESULTS The mean senescent cell rate was estimated to be 14.11±11.32% and 15.46±10.58% in patients with presence of LVI or absence of LVI, respectively (p=0.46). The mean senescent cell rate was calculated at 18.13±12.26% and 12.56±9.38% (p=0.096) in patients with presence of RTI or absence of RTI, respectively. The mean senescent cell rate in the pT1 group was calculated at 14.58 ± 9.82%, while in T2 and T3 groups the mean senescent cell rate was estimated to be 15.22 ± 12.03% and 15.35 ± 14.21%, respectively (p=0.98). A statistically significant correlation was detected between the senescence rate and the tumor size (Pearson score 0.40, p=0.027) and between the rate of senescent cells and the preoperative level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (Pearson score -0.53, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The presence of cellular senescence was correlated with the extent of the testicular tumor in terms of tumor size as well as the preoperative level of the LDH serum marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens.
| | - Pavlos Pantelis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens.
| | - George Theocharous
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens.
| | - Helen Sarlanis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens.
| | - Alexandros Georgiou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens.
| | | | | | | | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens.
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens.
| | - Ioannis Adamakis
- 1st Department of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
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11
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Pantelis P, Theocharous G, Veroutis D, Vagena IA, Polyzou A, Thanos DF, Kyrodimos E, Kotsinas A, Evangelou K, Lagopati N, Gorgoulis VG, Kotopoulos N. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) Trigger Cell Death and Senescence in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2473. [PMID: 38473720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The currently available anti-cancer therapies, such as gamma-radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, induce cell death and cellular senescence not only in cancer cells but also in the adjacent normal tissue. New anti-tumor approaches focus on limiting the side effects on normal cells. In this frame, the potential anti-tumor properties of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) through the irradiation of breast cancer epithelial cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal fibroblasts (FF95) were investigated. PEMFs had a frequency of 8 Hz, full-square wave type and magnetic flux density of 0.011 T and were applied twice daily for 5 days. The data collected showcase that PEMF application decreases the proliferation rate and viability of breast cancer cells while having the opposite effect on normal fibroblasts. Moreover, PEMF irradiation induces cell death and cellular senescence only in breast cancer cells without any effect in the non-cancerous cells. These findings suggest PEMF irradiation as a novel, non-invasive anti-cancer strategy that, when combined with senolytic drugs, may eliminate both cancer and the remaining senescent cells, while simultaneously avoiding the side effects of the current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Pantelis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgos Theocharous
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris-Foivos Thanos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- 1st ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Nicholas Kotopoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
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12
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Kepp O, Galluzzi L, Petroni G. Cellular senescence and aging at the crossroad between immunity and cancer. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 181:xvii-xxiv. [PMID: 38302247 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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13
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López AR, Jørgensen MH, Havelund JF, Arendrup FS, Kolapalli SP, Nielsen TM, Pais E, Beese CJ, Abdul-Al A, Vind AC, Bartek J, Bekker-Jensen S, Montes M, Galanos P, Faergeman N, Happonen L, Frankel LB. Autophagy-mediated control of ribosome homeostasis in oncogene-induced senescence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113381. [PMID: 37930887 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a persistent anti-proliferative response that acts as a barrier against malignant transformation. During OIS, cells undergo dynamic remodeling, which involves alterations in protein and organelle homeostasis through autophagy. Here, we show that ribosomes are selectively targeted for degradation by autophagy during OIS. By characterizing senescence-dependent alterations in the ribosomal interactome, we find that the deubiquitinase USP10 dissociates from the ribosome during the transition to OIS. This release of USP10 leads to an enhanced ribosome ubiquitination, particularly of small subunit proteins, including lysine 275 on RPS2. Both reinforcement of the USP10-ribosome interaction and mutation of RPS2 K275 abrogate ribosomal delivery to lysosomes without affecting bulk autophagy. We show that the selective recruitment of ubiquitinated ribosomes to autophagosomes is mediated by the p62 receptor. While ribophagy is not required for the establishment of senescence per se, it contributes to senescence-related metabolome alterations and facilitates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesper F Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Frederic S Arendrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Eva Pais
- Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anna Constance Vind
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Montes
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Faergeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa B Frankel
- Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Magkouta S, Veroutis D, Pousias A, Papaspyropoulos A, Pippa N, Lougiakis N, Kambas K, Lagopati N, Polyzou A, Georgiou M, Chountoulesi M, Pispas S, Foutadakis S, Pouli N, Marakos P, Kotsinas A, Verginis P, Valakos D, Mizi A, Papantonis A, Vatsellas G, Galanos P, Bartek J, Petty R, Serrano M, Thanos D, Roussos C, Demaria M, Evangelou K, Gorgoulis VG. A fluorophore-conjugated reagent enabling rapid detection, isolation and live tracking of senescent cells. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3558-3573.e7. [PMID: 37802028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress-response mechanism implicated in various physiological processes, diseases, and aging. Current detection approaches have partially addressed the issue of senescent cell identification in clinical specimens. Effective methodologies enabling precise isolation or live tracking of senescent cells are still lacking. In-depth analysis of truly senescent cells is, therefore, an extremely challenging task. We report (1) the synthesis and validation of a fluorophore-conjugated, Sudan Black-B analog (GLF16), suitable for in vivo and in vitro analysis of senescence by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and (2) the development and application of a GLF16-carrying micelle vector facilitating GLF16 uptake by living senescent cells in vivo and in vitro. The compound and the applied methodology render isolation of senescent cells an easy, rapid, and precise process. Straightforward nanocarrier-mediated GLF16 delivery in live senescent cells comprises a unique tool for characterization of senescence at an unprecedented depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Magkouta
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Marianthi Simou and G.P.Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pousias
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Foutadakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valakos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Galanos
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, DD19SY Dundee, UK
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park CB21 6GP, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Roussos
- Marianthi Simou and G.P.Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, DD19SY Dundee, UK; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, M20 4GJ Manchester, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7YH Surrey, UK.
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15
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Papaspyropoulos A, Hazapis O, Altulea A, Polyzou A, Verginis P, Evangelou K, Fousteri M, Papantonis A, Demaria M, Gorgoulis V. Decoding of translation-regulating entities reveals heterogeneous translation deficiency patterns in cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13893. [PMID: 37547972 PMCID: PMC10497830 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence constitutes a generally irreversible proliferation barrier, accompanied by macromolecular damage and metabolic rewiring. Several senescence types have been identified based on the initiating stimulus, such as replicative (RS), stress-induced (SIS) and oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). These senescence subtypes are heterogeneous and often develop subset-specific phenotypes. Reduced protein synthesis is considered a senescence hallmark, but whether this trait pertains to various senescence subtypes and if distinct molecular mechanisms are involved remain largely unknown. Here, we analyze large published or experimentally produced RNA-seq and Ribo-seq datasets to determine whether major translation-regulating entities such as ribosome stalling, the presence of uORFs/dORFs and IRES elements may differentially contribute to translation deficiency in senescence subsets. We show that translation-regulating mechanisms may not be directly relevant to RS, however uORFs are significantly enriched in SIS. Interestingly, ribosome stalling, uORF/dORF patterns and IRES elements comprise predominant mechanisms upon OIS, strongly correlating with Notch pathway activation. Our study provides for the first time evidence that major translation dysregulation mechanisms/patterns occur during cellular senescence, but at different rates depending on the stimulus type. The degree at which those mechanisms accumulate directly correlates with translation deficiency levels. Our thorough analysis contributes to elucidating crucial and so far unknown differences in the translation machinery between senescence subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
- Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Orsalia Hazapis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
| | - Abdullah Altulea
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
| | | | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
| | - Maria Fousteri
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical ResearchBiomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”VariGreece
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
- Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
- Clinical Molecular PathologyMedical School, University of DundeeDundeeUK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision MedicineMedical School, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreySurreyUK
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16
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Shaban HA, Gasser SM. Dynamic 3D genome reorganization during senescence: defining cell states through chromatin. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01197-y. [PMID: 37596440 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a cell state characterized by growth arrest and insensitivity to growth stimulatory hormones, is accompanied by a massive change in chromatin organization. Senescence can be induced by a range of physiological signals and pathological stresses and was originally thought to be an irreversible state, implicated in normal development, wound healing, tumor suppression and aging. Recently cellular senescence was shown to be reversible in some cases, with exit being triggered by the modulation of the cell's transcriptional program by the four Yamanaka factors, the suppression of p53 or H3K9me3, PDK1, and/or depletion of AP-1. Coincident with senescence reversal are changes in chromatin organization, most notably the loss of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) found in oncogene-induced senescence. In addition to fixed-cell imaging, chromatin conformation capture and multi-omics have been used to examine chromatin reorganization at different spatial resolutions during senescence. They identify determinants of SAHF formation and other key features that differentiate distinct types of senescence. Not surprisingly, multiple factors, including the time of induction, the type of stress experienced, and the type of cell involved, influence the global reorganization of chromatin in senescence. Here we discuss how changes in the three-dimensional organization of the genome contribute to the regulation of transcription at different stages of senescence. In particular, the distinct contributions of heterochromatin- and lamina-mediated interactions, changes in gene expression, and other cellular control mechanisms are discussed. We propose that high-resolution temporal and spatial analyses of the chromatin landscape during senescence will identify early markers of the different senescence states to help guide clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Shaban
- Precision Oncology Center, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25A, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Spectroscopy Department, Institute of Physics Research National Research Centre, Cairo, 33 El-Behouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Susan M Gasser
- Fondation ISREC, Rue du Bugnon 25A, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Evangelou K, Belogiannis K, Papaspyropoulos A, Petty R, Gorgoulis VG. Escape from senescence: molecular basis and therapeutic ramifications. J Pathol 2023; 260:649-665. [PMID: 37550877 DOI: 10.1002/path.6164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence constitutes a stress response mechanism in reaction to a plethora of stimuli. Senescent cells exhibit cell-cycle arrest and altered function. While cell-cycle withdrawal has been perceived as permanent, recent evidence in cancer research introduced the so-called escape-from-senescence concept. In particular, under certain conditions, senescent cells may resume proliferation, acquiring highly aggressive features. As such, they have been associated with tumour relapse, rendering senescence less effective in inhibiting cancer progression. Thus, conventional cancer treatments, incapable of eliminating senescence, may benefit if revisited to include senolytic agents. To this end, it is anticipated that the assessment of the senescence burden in everyday clinical material by pathologists will play a crucial role in the near future, laying the foundation for more personalised approaches. Here, we provide an overview of the investigations that introduced the escape-from-senescence phenomenon, the identified mechanisms, as well as the major implications for pathology and therapy. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Belogiannis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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18
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Mourkioti I, Polyzou A, Veroutis D, Theocharous G, Lagopati N, Gentile E, Stravokefalou V, Thanos DF, Havaki S, Kletsas D, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Stellas D, Petty R, Blandino G, Papaspyropoulos A, Gorgoulis VG. A GATA2-CDC6 axis modulates androgen receptor blockade-induced senescence in prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:187. [PMID: 37507762 PMCID: PMC10386253 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has proven effective in early-stage androgen-sensitive disease, but prostate cancer gradually develops into an androgen-resistant metastatic state in the vast majority of patients. According to our oncogene-induced model for cancer development, senescence is a major tumor progression barrier. However, whether senescence is implicated in the progression of early-stage androgen-sensitive to highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains poorly addressed. METHODS Androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (C4-2B and PC-3) cells were treated or not with enzalutamide, an Androgen Receptor (AR) inhibitor. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses were carried out in LNCaP cells to identify potential senescence regulators upon treatment. Assessment of the invasive potential of cells and senescence status following enzalutamide treatment and/or RNAi-mediated silencing of selected targets was performed in all cell lines, complemented by bioinformatics analyses on a wide range of in vitro and in vivo datasets. Key observations were validated in LNCaP and C4-2B mouse xenografts. Senescence induction was assessed by state-of-the-art GL13 staining by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrate that enzalutamide treatment induces senescence in androgen-sensitive cells via reduction of the replication licensing factor CDC6. Mechanistically, we show that CDC6 downregulation is mediated through endogenous activation of the GATA2 transcription factor functioning as a CDC6 repressor. Intriguingly, GATA2 levels decrease in enzalutamide-resistant cells, leading to CDC6 stabilization accompanied by activation of Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) markers and absence of senescence. We show that CDC6 loss is sufficient to reverse oncogenic features and induce senescence regardless of treatment responsiveness, thereby identifying CDC6 as a critical determinant of prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS We identify a key GATA2-CDC6 signaling axis which is reciprocally regulated in enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer environments. Upon acquired resistance, GATA2 repression leads to CDC6 stabilization, with detrimental effects in disease progression through exacerbation of EMT and abrogation of senescence. However, bypassing the GATA2-CDC6 axis by direct inhibition of CDC6 reverses oncogenic features and establishes senescence, thereby offering a therapeutic window even after acquiring resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mourkioti
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theocharous
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vasiliki Stravokefalou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris-Foivos Thanos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Department of Research, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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19
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Martínez-Zamudio RI, Stefa A, Nabuco Leva Ferreira Freitas JA, Vasilopoulos T, Simpson M, Doré G, Roux PF, Galan MA, Chokshi RJ, Bischof O, Herbig U. Escape from oncogene-induced senescence is controlled by POU2F2 and memorized by chromatin scars. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100293. [PMID: 37082139 PMCID: PMC10112333 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Although oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a potent tumor-suppressor mechanism, recent studies revealed that cells could escape from OIS with features of transformed cells. However, the mechanisms that promote OIS escape remain unclear, and evidence of post-senescent cells in human cancers is missing. Here, we unravel the regulatory mechanisms underlying OIS escape using dynamic multidimensional profiling. We demonstrate a critical role for AP1 and POU2F2 transcription factors in escape from OIS and identify senescence-associated chromatin scars (SACSs) as an epigenetic memory of OIS detectable during colorectal cancer progression. POU2F2 levels are already elevated in precancerous lesions and as cells escape from OIS, and its expression and binding activity to cis-regulatory elements are associated with decreased patient survival. Our results support a model in which POU2F2 exploits a precoded enhancer landscape necessary for senescence escape and reveal POU2F2 and SACS gene signatures as valuable biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Iván Martínez-Zamudio
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alketa Stefa
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - José Américo Nabuco Leva Ferreira Freitas
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing – IBPS, 75005 Paris, France
- INSERM U1164, 75005 Paris, France
- IMRB, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955 – Université Paris Est Créteil, UPEC, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Themistoklis Vasilopoulos
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Mark Simpson
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Gregory Doré
- Institut Pasteur, Plasmodium RNA Biology Unit, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Cedex 15 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-François Roux
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mark A. Galan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ravi J. Chokshi
- Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Oliver Bischof
- IMRB, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955 – Université Paris Est Créteil, UPEC, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Utz Herbig
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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20
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The Dual Role of Oxidative-Stress-Induced Autophagy in Cellular Senescence: Comprehension and Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010169. [PMID: 36671032 PMCID: PMC9854717 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The contemporary lifestyle of the last decade has undeniably caused a tremendous increase in oxidative-stress-inducing environmental sources. This phenomenon is not only connected with the rise of ROS levels in multiple tissues but is also associated with the induction of senescence in different cell types. Several signaling pathways that are associated with the reduction in ROS levels and the regulation of the cell cycle are being activated, so that the organism can battle deleterious effects. Within this context, autophagy plays a significant role. Through autophagy, cells can maintain their homeostasis, as if it were a self-degradation process, which removes the "wounded" molecules from the cells and uses their materials as a substrate for the creation of new useful cell particles. However, the role of autophagy in senescence has both a "dark" and a "bright" side. This review is an attempt to reveal the mechanistic aspects of this dual role. Nanomedicine can play a significant role, providing materials that are able to act by either preventing ROS generation or controllably inducing it, thus functioning as potential therapeutic agents regulating the activation or inhibition of autophagy.
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21
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Appiah CO, Singh M, May L, Bakshi I, Vaidyanathan A, Dent P, Ginder G, Grant S, Bear H, Landry J. The epigenetic regulation of cancer cell recovery from therapy exposure and its implications as a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing disease recurrence. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:337-385. [PMID: 36990536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cancer therapy is the elimination of disease from patients. Most directly, this occurs through therapy-induced cell death. Therapy-induced growth arrest can also be a desirable outcome, if prolonged. Unfortunately, therapy-induced growth arrest is rarely durable and the recovering cell population can contribute to cancer recurrence. Consequently, therapeutic strategies that eliminate residual cancer cells reduce opportunities for recurrence. Recovery can occur through diverse mechanisms including quiescence or diapause, exit from senescence, suppression of apoptosis, cytoprotective autophagy, and reductive divisions resulting from polyploidy. Epigenetic regulation of the genome represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism integral to cancer-specific biology, including the recovery from therapy. Epigenetic pathways are particularly attractive therapeutic targets because they are reversible, without changes in DNA, and are catalyzed by druggable enzymes. Previous use of epigenetic-targeting therapies in combination with cancer therapeutics has not been widely successful because of either unacceptable toxicity or limited efficacy. The use of epigenetic-targeting therapies after a significant interval following initial cancer therapy could potentially reduce the toxicity of combination strategies, and possibly exploit essential epigenetic states following therapy exposure. This review examines the feasibility of targeting epigenetic mechanisms using a sequential approach to eliminate residual therapy-arrested populations, that might possibly prevent recovery and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana O Appiah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren May
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ishita Bakshi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ashish Vaidyanathan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gordon Ginder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Steven Grant
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Harry Bear
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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22
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Bousset L, Gil J. Targeting senescence as an anticancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3855-3880. [PMID: 36065138 PMCID: PMC9627790 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response elicited by different molecular insults. Senescence results in cell cycle exit and is characterised by multiple phenotypic changes such as the production of a bioactive secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during ageing and are present in cancerous and fibrotic lesions. Drugs that selectively kill senescent cells (senolytics) have shown great promise for the treatment of age-related diseases. Senescence plays paradoxical roles in cancer. Induction of senescence limits cancer progression and contributes to therapy success, but lingering senescent cells fuel progression, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the intricate relation between senescence and cancer. Moreover, we enumerate how current anticancer therapies induce senescence in tumour cells and how senolytic agents could be deployed to complement anticancer therapies. "One-two punch" therapies aim to first induce senescence in the tumour followed by senolytic treatment to target newly exposed vulnerabilities in senescent tumour cells. "One-two punch" represents an emerging and promising new strategy in cancer treatment. Future challenges of "one-two punch" approaches include how to best monitor senescence in cancer patients to effectively survey their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
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23
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Radonjić T, Dukić M, Jovanović I, Zdravković M, Mandić O, Popadić V, Popović M, Nikolić N, Klašnja S, Divac A, Todorović Z, Branković M. Aging of Liver in Its Different Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13085. [PMID: 36361873 PMCID: PMC9656219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of elderly people in the world population is constantly increasing. With age, the risk of numerous chronic diseases and their complications also rises. Research on the subject of cellular senescence date back to the middle of the last century, and today we know that senescent cells have different morphology, metabolism, phenotypes and many other characteristics. Their main feature is the development of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), whose pro-inflammatory components affect tissues and organs, and increases the possibility of age-related diseases. The liver is the main metabolic organ of our body, and the results of previous research indicate that its regenerative capacity is greater and that it ages more slowly compared to other organs. With age, liver cells change under the influence of various stressors and the risk of developing chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases. It has been proven that these diseases progress faster in the elderly population and in some cases lead to end-stage liver disease that requires transplantation. The treatment of elderly people with chronic liver diseases is a challenge and requires an individual approach as well as new research that will reveal other safe and effective therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Radonjić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Dukić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jovanović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Mandić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Višeslav Popadić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Popović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Novica Nikolić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Klašnja
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anica Divac
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Todorović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Branković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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24
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Schmitt CA, Wang B, Demaria M. Senescence and cancer - role and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:619-636. [PMID: 36045302 PMCID: PMC9428886 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable, terminal cell cycle arrest associated with various macromolecular changes and a hypersecretory, pro-inflammatory phenotype. Entry of cells into senescence can act as a barrier to tumorigenesis and, thus, could in principle constitute a desired outcome for any anticancer therapy. Paradoxically, studies published in the past decade have demonstrated that, in certain conditions and contexts, malignant and non-malignant cells with lastingly persistent senescence can acquire pro-tumorigenic properties. In this Review, we first discuss the major mechanisms involved in the antitumorigenic functions of senescent cells and then consider the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that participate in their switch towards a tumour-promoting role, providing an overview of major translational and emerging clinical findings. Finally, we comprehensively describe various senolytic and senomorphic therapies and their potential to benefit patients with cancer. The entry of cells into senescence can act as a barrier to tumorigenesis; however, in certain contexts senescent malignant and non-malignant cells can acquire pro-tumorigenic properties. The authors of this Review discuss the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms involved in both the antitumorigenic and tumour-promoting roles of senescent cells, and describe the potential of various senolytic and senomorphic therapeutic approaches in oncology. Cellular senescence is a natural barrier to tumorigenesis; senescent cells are widely detected in premalignant lesions from patients with cancer. Cellular senescence is induced by anticancer therapy and can contribute to some treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Senescent cells exert both protumorigenic and antitumorigenic effects via cell-autonomous and paracrine mechanisms. Pharmacological modulation of senescence-associated phenotypes has the potential to improve therapy efficacy and reduce the incidence of TRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum-MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Linz, Austria.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, the Netherlands.
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25
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Mourkioti I, Angelopoulou A, Belogiannis K, Lagopati N, Potamianos S, Kyrodimos E, Gorgoulis V, Papaspyropoulos A. Interplay of Developmental Hippo-Notch Signaling Pathways with the DNA Damage Response in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152449. [PMID: 35954292 PMCID: PMC9367915 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer belongs in the class of hormone-dependent cancers, representing a major cause of cancer incidence in men worldwide. Since upon disease onset almost all prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and require active androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their survival, the primary treatment approach has for decades relied on inhibition of the AR pathway via androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, following this line of treatment, cancer cell pools often become resistant to therapy, contributing to disease progression towards the significantly more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) form, characterized by poor prognosis. It is, therefore, of critical importance to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the progression of early-stage prostate cancer towards CRPC. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role of major signaling pathways including the DNA damage response (DDR) and the developmental Hippo and Notch pathways in prostate tumorigenesis. We recapitulate key evidence demonstrating the crosstalk of those pathways as well as with pivotal prostate cancer-related 'hubs' such as AR signaling, and evaluate the clinical impact of those interactions. Moreover, we attempt to identify molecules of the complex DDR-Hippo-Notch interplay comprising potentially novel therapeutic targets in the battle against prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andriani Angelopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Belogiannis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Potamianos
- First ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- First ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Clinical Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-210-7462352 (V.G.); +30-210-7462174 (A.P.)
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-210-7462352 (V.G.); +30-210-7462174 (A.P.)
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26
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Saleh T, Gewirtz DA. Considering therapy-induced senescence as a mechanism of tumour dormancy contributing to disease recurrence. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1363-1365. [PMID: 35304605 PMCID: PMC9091207 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability of tumour cells to escape from therapy-induced senescence, as well as cell-non-autonomous functions of senescence, support the premise that senescence could serve as one pathway to tumour dormancy (among others that include quiescence and diapause) that is permissive for disease recurrence. Consequently, the pharmacologic targeting of senescent tumour cells could mitigate the risk for cancer resurgence, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Angelopoulou A, Papaspyropoulos A, Papantonis A, Gorgoulis VG. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated induction of large chromosomal inversions in human bronchial epithelial cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101257. [PMID: 35330963 PMCID: PMC8938320 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro recapitulation of chromosomal rearrangements is a necessary tool for understanding malignancy at the molecular level. Here, we describe the targeted induction of a large chromosomal inversion (>3.7 Mbp) through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. As inversions occur at low frequency following Cas9 cleavage, we provide a detailed screening approach of FACS-sorted, single-cell-derived clonal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures. The protocol provided is tailored to HBECs; however, it can be readily applied to additional adherent cellular models. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zampetidis et al. (2021). Large chromosomal inversions engineered with CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the HBEC system Step-by-step protocol of gRNA design and cloning into Cas9-encoding vectors Clonal propagation of FACS-sorted single cells following non-liposomal transfection Description of primer design strategy and PCR screening for inversion validation
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani Angelopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, M20 4GJ Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7YH Surrey, UK
- Corresponding author
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Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Węgierska M, Kierasińska A, Ciunowicz D, Rieske P. Role of Senescence in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5969536. [PMID: 35342397 PMCID: PMC8956409 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5969536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of senescence in many physiological and pathological processes is becoming more identifiable, many aspects of senescence are still enigmatic. A special attention is paid to the role of this phenomenon in tumor development and therapy. This review mainly deals with a large spectrum of oncological issues, beginning with therapy-induced senescence and ending with oncogene-induced senescence. Moreover, the role of senescence in experimental approaches, such as primary cancer cell culture or reprogramming into stem cells, is also beginning to receive further consideration. Additional focus is made on senescence resulting from mitotic catastrophe processes triggered by events occurring during mitosis and jeopardizing chromosomal stability. It has to be also realized that based on recent findings, the basics of senescent cell property interpretation, such as irreversibility of proliferation blockade, can be undermined. It shows that the definition of senescence probably requires updating. Finally, the role of senescence is lately more understandable in the immune system, especially since senescence can diminish the effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding all these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Węgierska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Amelia Kierasińska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Ciunowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Cytokine-Induced Senescence in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Effects on Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061364. [PMID: 35326515 PMCID: PMC8946098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to surgical excision, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapies primarily influence cells in the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor-associated lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Besides complete remission of tumor lesions, in some patients, early tumor regression is followed by a consolidation phase where residing tumors remain dormant. Whereas the cytotoxic mechanisms of the regression phase (i.e., apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and immune cell-mediated cell death) have been extensively described, the mechanisms underlying the dormant state are still a matter of debate. Here, we propose immune-mediated induction of senescence in cancers as one important player. Senescence can be achieved by tumor-associated antigen-specific T helper 1 cells, cytokines or antibodies targeting immune checkpoints. This concept differs from cytotoxic treatment, which often targets the genetic makeup of cancer cells. The immune system's ability to establish "defensive walls" around tumors also places the tumor microenvironment into the fight against cancer. Those "defensive walls" isolate the tumor cells instead of increasing the selective pressure. They also keep the tumor cells in a non-proliferating state, thereby correcting the derailed tissue homeostasis. In conclusion, strengthening the senescence surveillance of tumors by the immune cells of the microenvironment is a future goal to dampen this life-threatening disease.
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Zampetidis CP, Papantonis A, Gorgoulis VG. Escape from senescence: revisiting cancer therapeutic strategies. Mol Cell Oncol 2022; 9:2030158. [PMID: 35252554 PMCID: PMC8890391 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2022.2030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although senescence has been considered as an irreversible cell arrest state, accumulating evidence challenge this view. Consequently, senescence appears as an imperfect barrier to impede cancer progression, constituting a step prior to disease relapse. Therefore, cancer treatment strategies may benefit if revisited to include senolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P. Zampetidis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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Papaspyropoulos A, Angelopoulou A, Mourkioti I, Polyzou A, Pankova D, Toskas K, Lanfredini S, Pantazaki AA, Lagopati N, Kotsinas A, Evangelou K, Chronopoulos E, O’Neill E, Gorgoulis V. RASSF1A disrupts the NOTCH signaling axis via SNURF/RNF4-mediated ubiquitination of HES1. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e51287. [PMID: 34897944 PMCID: PMC8811633 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RASSF1A promoter methylation has been correlated with tumor dedifferentiation and aggressive oncogenic behavior. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of RASSF1A-dependent tumor dedifferentiation remains elusive. Here, we show that RASSF1A directly uncouples the NOTCH-HES1 axis, a key suppressor of differentiation. Interestingly, the crosstalk of RASSF1A with HES1 occurs independently from the signaling route connecting RASSF1A with the Hippo pathway. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that RASSF1A acts as a scaffold essential for the SUMO-targeted E3 ligase SNURF/RNF4 to target HES1 for degradation. The reciprocal relationship between RASSF1A and HES1 is evident across a wide range of human tumors, highlighting the clinical significance of the identified pathway. We show that HES1 upregulation in a RASSF1A-depleted environment renders cells non-responsive to the downstream effects of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) which restrict signaling at the level of the NOTCH receptor. Taken together, we report a mechanism through which RASSF1A exerts autonomous regulation of the critical Notch effector HES1, thus classifying RASSF1A expression as an integral determinant of the clinical effectiveness of Notch inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
- Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Andriani Angelopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
- Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
| | | | | | | | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
- Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
| | - Efstathios Chronopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal SystemKAT General HospitalSchool of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Eric O’Neill
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis GroupDepartment of Histology and EmbryologySchool of MedicineNational Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)AthensGreece
- Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer SciencesManchester Cancer Research CentreManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision MedicineMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreySurreyUK
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