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Böhi F, Hottiger MO. Expanding the Perspective on PARP1 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: From DNA Damage Repair to Immunomodulation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1617. [PMID: 39062190 PMCID: PMC11275100 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of PARP inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for tumors with high genomic instability, particularly those harboring BRCA mutations, has advanced cancer treatment. However, recent advances have illuminated a multifaceted role of PARP1 beyond its canonical function in DNA damage repair. This review explores the expanding roles of PARP1, highlighting its crucial interplay with the immune system during tumorigenesis. We discuss PARP1's immunomodulatory effects in macrophages and T cells, with a particular focus on cytokine expression. Understanding these immunomodulatory roles of PARP1 not only holds promise for enhancing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy but also paves the way for novel treatment regimens targeting immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina Böhi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O. Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Guo H, Han Y, Yao S, Chen B, Zhao H, Jia J, Chen S, Liu Y, Gao S, Guan H, Lu J, Zhou PK. Decrotonylation of cGAS K254 prompts homologous recombination repair by blocking its DNA binding and releasing PARP1. J Biol Chem 2024:107554. [PMID: 39002667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a cytosolic DNA sensor, also exhibits nuclear genomic localization and is involved in DNA damage signaling. In this study, we investigated the impact of cGAS crotonylation on the regulation of the DNA damage response, particularly homologous recombination repair, following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Lysine 254 of cGAS is constitutively crotonylated by the CREB-binding protein; however, IR-induced DNA damage triggers SIRT3-mediated decrotonylation. Lysine 254 decrotonylation decreased the DNA-binding affinity of cGAS and inhibited its interaction with PARP1, promoting HR repair. Moreover, SIRT3 suppression led to HR repair inhibition and markedly sensitized cancer cells to IR and DNA-damaging chemicals, highlighting SIRT3 as a potential target for cancer therapy. Overall, this study revealed the crucial role of cGAS crotonylation in the DNA damage response. Furthermore, we propose that modulating cGAS and SIRT3 activities could be potential strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejiang Guo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bijia Chen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jin Jia
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.
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Wu J, Song L, Lu M, Gao Q, Xu S, Zhou P, Ma T. The multifaceted functions of DNA-PKcs: implications for the therapy of human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e613. [PMID: 38898995 PMCID: PMC11185949 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), catalytic subunit, also known as DNA-PKcs, is complexed with the heterodimer Ku70/Ku80 to form DNA-PK holoenzyme, which is well recognized as initiator in the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair after double strand break (DSB). During NHEJ, DNA-PKcs is essential for both DNA end processing and end joining. Besides its classical function in DSB repair, DNA-PKcs also shows multifaceted functions in various biological activities such as class switch recombination (CSR) and variable (V) diversity (D) joining (J) recombination in B/T lymphocytes development, innate immunity through cGAS-STING pathway, transcription, alternative splicing, and so on, which are dependent on its function in NHEJ or not. Moreover, DNA-PKcs deficiency has been proven to be related with human diseases such as neurological pathogenesis, cancer, immunological disorder, and so on through different mechanisms. Therefore, it is imperative to summarize the latest findings about DNA-PKcs and diseases for better targeting DNA-PKcs, which have shown efficacy in cancer treatment in preclinical models. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles of DNA-PKcs in human diseases, meanwhile, we discuss the progresses of DNA-PKcs inhibitors and their potential in clinical trials. The most updated review about DNA-PKcs will hopefully provide insights and ideas to understand DNA-PKcs associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wu
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Liwei Song
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Qing Gao
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Shaofa Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Teng Ma
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
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Zhang JN, Dong MM, Cao W, Chen HG, Gu HY, Feng YL, Zhang EF, He JS, Liu SC, Xie AY, Cai Z. Disruption of DNA-PKcs-mediated cGAS retention on damaged chromatin potentiates DNA damage-inducing agent-induced anti-multiple myeloma activity. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02742-3. [PMID: 38877108 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting DNA damage repair factors, such as DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), may offer an opportunity for effective treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). In combination with DNA damage-inducing agents, this strategy has been shown to improve chemotherapies partially via activation of cGAS-STING pathway by an elevated level of cytosolic DNA. However, as cGAS is primarily sequestered by chromatin in the nucleus, it remains unclear how cGAS is released from chromatin and translocated into the cytoplasm upon DNA damage, leading to cGAS-STING activation. METHODS We examined the role of DNA-PKcs inhibition on cGAS-STING-mediated MM chemosensitivity by performing mass spectrometry and mechanism study. RESULTS Here, we found DNA-PKcs inhibition potentiated DNA damage-inducing agent doxorubicin-induced anti-MM effect by activating cGAS-STING signaling. The cGAS-STING activation in MM cells caused cell death partly via IRF3-NOXA-BAK axis and induced M1 polarization of macrophages. Moreover, this activation was not caused by defective classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ). Instead, upon DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, inhibition of DNA-PKcs promoted cGAS release from cytoplasmic chromatin fragments and increased the amount of cytosolic cGAS and DNA, activating cGAS-STING. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of DNA-PKcs could improve the efficacy of doxorubicin in treatment of MM by de-sequestrating cGAS in damaged chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Na Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Meng Dong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao-Guang Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Yao Gu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Li Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Qiantang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - En-Fan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Song He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Qiantang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - An-Yong Xie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Hangzhou Qiantang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Çubuk C, Lau R, Cutillas P, Rajeeve V, John CR, Surace AEA, Hands R, Fossati-Jimack L, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C. Phosphoproteomic profiling of early rheumatoid arthritis synovium reveals active signalling pathways and differentiates inflammatory pathotypes. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:120. [PMID: 38867295 PMCID: PMC11167927 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinases are intracellular signalling mediators and key to sustaining the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Oral inhibitors of Janus Kinase family (JAKs) are widely used in RA, while inhibitors of other kinase families e.g. phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) are under development. Most current biomarker platforms quantify mRNA/protein levels, but give no direct information on whether proteins are active/inactive. Phosphoproteome analysis has the potential to measure specific enzyme activation status at tissue level. METHODS We validated the feasibility of phosphoproteome and total proteome analysis on 8 pre-treatment synovial biopsies from treatment-naive RA patients using label-free mass spectrometry, to identify active cell signalling pathways in synovial tissue which might explain failure to respond to RA therapeutics. RESULTS Differential expression analysis and functional enrichment revealed clear separation of phosphoproteome and proteome profiles between lymphoid and myeloid RA pathotypes. Abundance of specific phosphosites was associated with the degree of inflammatory state. The lymphoid pathotype was enriched with lymphoproliferative signalling phosphosites, including Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (MTOR) signalling, whereas the myeloid pathotype was associated with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and CDK mediated signalling. This analysis also highlighted novel kinases not previously linked to RA, such as Protein Kinase, DNA-Activated, Catalytic Subunit (PRKDC) in the myeloid pathotype. Several phosphosites correlated with clinical features, such as Disease-Activity-Score (DAS)-28, suggesting that phosphosite analysis has potential for identifying novel biomarkers at tissue-level of disease severity and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Specific phosphoproteome/proteome signatures delineate RA pathotypes and may have clinical utility for stratifying patients for personalised medicine in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankut Çubuk
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rachel Lau
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christopher R John
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna E A Surace
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzao, Milan, Italy.
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Ding Y, Ye Z, Ding B, Feng S, Zhang Y, Shen Y. Identification of CXCL13 as a Promising Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy and PARP Inhibitor Therapy in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01207-5. [PMID: 38856873 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has poor response rates to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, despite the use of genomic sequencing to identify molecular targets. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a conventional indicator of genomic instability (GI) and has been used as a marker for targeted therapies. Indicators reflecting HRD status have shown potential in predicting the efficacy of ICB treatment. Public databases, including TCGA, ICGC, and GEO, were used to obtain data. HRD scores, neoantigen load, and TMB were obtained from the TCGA cohort. Candidate biomarkers were validated in multiple databases, such as the Imvigor210 immunotherapy cohort and the open-source single-cell sequencing database. Immunohistochemistry was performed to further validate the results in independent cohorts. CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13 were found to be significantly upregulated in HRD tumors and exhibited prognostic value. A comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) revealed that CXCL13 expression positively correlated with neoantigen load and immune cell infiltration. In addition, single-cell sequencing data and clinical trial results supported the utility of CXCL13 as a biomarker for ICB therapy. Not only does CXCL13 serve as a biomarker reflecting HRD status, but it also introduces a potentially novel perspective on prognostic biomarkers for ICB in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Songwei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 6 East Zhenhua Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhou Z, Huang S, Fan F, Xu Y, Moore C, Li S, Han C. The multiple faces of cGAS-STING in antitumor immunity: prospects and challenges. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:173-191. [PMID: 38919400 PMCID: PMC11195429 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
As a key sensor of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic dsDNA and initiates the synthesis of 2'3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) that activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). This finally promotes the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) that is crucial for bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Recent evidence show that several antitumor therapies, including radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapies, activate the cGAS-STING pathway to provoke the antitumor immunity. In the last decade, the development of STING agonists has been a major focus in both basic research and the pharmaceutical industry. However, up to now, none of STING agonists have been approved for clinical use. Considering the broad expression of STING in whole body and the direct lethal effect of STING agonists on immune cells in the draining lymph node (dLN), research on the optimal way to activate STING in tumor microenvironment (TME) appears to be a promising direction. Moreover, besides enhancing IFN-I signaling, the cGAS-STING pathway also plays roles in senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, mitotic arrest, and DNA repair, contributing to tumor development and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on cGAS-STING pathway's response to antitumor therapies and the strategies involving this pathway for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Zhou
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanling Huang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangying Fan
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Casey Moore
- Departments of Immunology, Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sirui Li
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chuanhui Han
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Qin Y, Yang B, Zheng H, Qiao S, Luo Z, Li R. Pseudorabies virus usurps non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA to dampen viral DNA recognition by cGAS for antagonism of host antiviral innate immunity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0048324. [PMID: 38639486 PMCID: PMC11092326 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00483-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes severe economic losses to the global pig industry and has garnered increasing attention due to its broad host range including humans. PRV has developed a variety of strategies to antagonize host antiviral innate immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In our previous work, we demonstrated that non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA), a multifunctional cytoskeleton protein, attenuates innate immune responses triggered by RNA viruses. In the current study, we reported a previously unrecognized role of NMHC-IIA in counteracting PRV-induced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Mechanistically, PRV infection led to an elevation of NMHC-IIA, strengthening the interaction between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and cGAS. This interaction impeded cGAS recognition of PRV DNA and hindered downstream signaling activation. Conversely, inhibition of NMHC-IIA by Blebbistatin triggered innate immune responses and enhanced resistance to PRV proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings unveil that PRV utilizes NMHC-IIA to antagonize host antiviral immune responses via impairing DNA sensing by cGAS. This in-depth understanding of PRV immunosuppression not only provides insights for potential PRV treatment strategies but also highlights NMHC-IIA as a versatile immunosuppressive regulator usurped by both DNA and RNA viruses. Consequently, NMHC-IIA holds promise as a target for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.IMPORTANCECyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) axis plays a vital role in counteracting alphaherpesvirus infections. Alphaherpesviruses exploit various strategies for antagonizing cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral immune responses. However, limited examples of pseudorabies virus (PRV)-caused immunosuppression have been documented. Our findings reveal a novel role of non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA) in suppressing PRV-triggered innate immune responses to facilitate viral propagation both in vitro and in vivo. In detail, NMHC-IIA recruits poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to augment its interaction with cGAS, which impairs cGAS recognition of PRV DNA. Building on our previous demonstration of NMHC-IIA's immunosuppressive role during RNA virus infections, these findings indicate that NMHC-IIA acts as a broad-spectrum suppressor of host antiviral innate immunity in response to both DNA and RNA viruses. Therefore, NMHC-IIA will be a promising target for the development of comprehensive antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yidan Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wang J, Gao Y, Xiong X, Yan Y, Lou J, Noman M, Li D, Song F. The Ser/Thr protein kinase FonKin4-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase FonPARP1 phosphorylation cascade is required for the pathogenicity of watermelon fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1397688. [PMID: 38690366 PMCID: PMC11058995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and hydrolyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), is a kind of post-translational protein modification that is involved in various cellular processes in fungi, plants, and mammals. However, the function of PARPs in plant pathogenic fungi remains unknown. The present study investigated the roles and mechanisms of FonPARP1 in watermelon Fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). Fon has a single PARP FonPARP1 and one PARG FonPARG1. FonPARP1 is an active PARP and contributes to Fon pathogenicity through regulating its invasive growth within watermelon plants, while FonPARG1 is not required for Fon pathogenicity. A serine/threonine protein kinase, FonKin4, was identified as a FonPARP1-interacting partner by LC-MS/MS. FonKin4 is required for vegetative growth, conidiation, macroconidia morphology, abiotic stress response and pathogenicity of Fon. The S_TKc domain is sufficient for both enzyme activity and pathogenicity function of FonKin4 in Fon. FonKin4 phosphorylates FonPARP1 in vitro to enhance its poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity; however, FonPARP1 does not PARylate FonKin4. These results establish the FonKin4-FonPARP1 phosphorylation cascade that positively contributes to Fon pathogenicity. The present study highlights the importance of PARP-catalyzed protein PARylation in regulating the pathogenicity of Fon and other plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Ma M, Duan Y, Peng C, Wu Y, Zhang X, Chang B, Wang F, Yang H, Zheng R, Cheng H, Cheng Y, He Y, Huang J, Lei J, Ma H, Li L, Wang J, Huang X, Tang F, Liu J, Li J, Ying R, Wang P, Sha W, Gao Y, Wang L, Ge B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits METTL14-mediated m 6A methylation of Nox2 mRNA and suppresses anti-TB immunity. Cell Discov 2024; 10:36. [PMID: 38548762 PMCID: PMC10978938 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Internal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are among the most abundant modifications of messenger RNA, playing a critical role in diverse biological and pathological processes. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanism of m6A modifications in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains unknown. Here, we report that methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14)-dependent m6A methylation of NAPDH oxidase 2 (Nox2) mRNA was crucial for the host immune defense against M. tuberculosis infection and that M. tuberculosis-secreted antigen EsxB (Rv3874) inhibited METTL14-dependent m6A methylation of Nox2 mRNA. Mechanistically, EsxB interacted with p38 MAP kinase and disrupted the association of TAB1 with p38, thus inhibiting the TAB1-mediated autophosphorylation of p38. Interaction of EsxB with p38 also impeded the binding of p38 with METTL14, thereby inhibiting the p38-mediated phosphorylation of METTL14 at Thr72. Inhibition of p38 by EsxB restrained liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of METTL14 and its subsequent interaction with METTL3, preventing the m6A modification of Nox2 mRNA and its association with the m6A-binding protein IGF2BP1 to destabilize Nox2 mRNA, reduce ROS levels, and increase intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis. Moreover, deletion or mutation of the phosphorylation site on METTL14 impaired the inhibition of ROS level by EsxB and increased bacterial burden or histological damage in the lungs during infection in mice. These findings identify a previously unknown mechanism that M. tuberculosis employs to suppress host immunity, providing insights that may empower the development of effective immunomodulators that target M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjia Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - You Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boran Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijuan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanna Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liru Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyan Ying
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Chen R, Xie L, Fan Y, Hua X, Chung CY. Vesicular translocation of PARP-1 to cytoplasm causes ADP-ribosylation and disassembly of vimentin filaments during microglia activation induced by LPS. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1363154. [PMID: 38590714 PMCID: PMC10999663 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1363154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation plays a significant role in various biological processes including genomic stability maintenance, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, and cell death. Using macrodomain pull-down assay with microglia lysates and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, we identified vimentin as a major protein highly ADP-ribosylated by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1) in response to LPS. ABT-888, a potent inhibitor of PARP-1/2 blocks the disassembly and ADP-ribosylation of vimentin. PARP-1 is a highly abundant nuclear protein. Its nuclear functions in repairing DNA damages induced by various stress signals, such as inflammatory stresses, have been well studied. In contrast, limited studies have been done on the cytoplasmic role(s) of PARP-1. Our study focuses on the cytoplasmic role of PARP-1 during microglia activation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting, we showed that a significant amount of PARP-1 is present in the cytosol of microglia cells stimulated and activated by LPS. Live cell imaging showed the translocation of nuclear PARP-1-EGFP to the cytoplasm in vesicular structures upon LPS stimulation. ABT-888 and U0126 can block this translocation. Immunofluorescence staining with various organelle marker antibodies revealed that PARP-1 vesicles show colocalization with Lamin A/C, suggesting they might be derived from the nuclear envelope through nuclear envelope budding. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PARP-1 is translocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm via vesicles upon LPS stimulation and that cytoplasmic PARP-1 causes ADP-ribosylation and disassembly of vimentin filaments during microglia activation induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lirui Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangmei Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Y. Chung
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
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12
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Bogacheva MS, Kuivanen S, Potdar S, Hassinen A, Huuskonen S, Pöhner I, Luck TJ, Turunen L, Feodoroff M, Szirovicza L, Savijoki K, Saarela J, Tammela P, Paavolainen L, Poso A, Varjosalo M, Kallioniemi O, Pietiäinen V, Vapalahti O. Drug repurposing platform for deciphering the druggable SARS-CoV-2 interactome. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105813. [PMID: 38272320 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has heavily challenged the global healthcare system. Despite the vaccination programs, the new virus variants are circulating. Further research is required for understanding of the biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and for discovery of therapeutic agents against the virus. Here, we took advantage of drug repurposing to identify if existing drugs could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. We established an open high throughput platform for in vitro screening of drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We screened ∼1000 drugs for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death in the African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero-E6), analyzed how the hit compounds affect the viral N (nucleocapsid) protein expression in human cell lines using high-content microscopic imaging and analysis, determined the hit drug targets in silico, and assessed their ability to cause phospholipidosis, which can interfere with the viral replication. Duvelisib was found by in silico interaction assay as a potential drug targeting virus-host protein interactions. The predicted interaction between PARP1 and S protein, affected by Duvelisib, was further validated by immunoprecipitation. Our results represent a rapidly applicable platform for drug repurposing and evaluation of the new emerging viruses' responses to the drugs. Further in silico studies help us to discover the druggable host pathways involved in the infectious cycle of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S Bogacheva
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Swapnil Potdar
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Huuskonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ina Pöhner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tamara J Luck
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Turunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michaela Feodoroff
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leonora Szirovicza
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi Paavolainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Maliar NL, Talbot EJ, Edwards AR, Khoronenkova SV. Microglial inflammation in genome instability: A neurodegenerative perspective. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 135:103634. [PMID: 38290197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome stability is crucial for cell homeostasis and tissue integrity. Numerous human neuropathologies display chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, set against a backdrop of genome instability, implying a close interplay between the DNA damage and immune responses in the context of neurological disease. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk is essential for holistic understanding of neuroinflammatory pathways in genome instability disorders. Non-neuronal cell types, specifically microglia, are major drivers of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system with neuro-protective and -toxic capabilities. Here, we discuss how persistent DNA damage affects microglial homeostasis, zooming in on the cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS-STING pathway and the downstream inflammatory response, which can drive neurotoxic outcomes in the context of genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Maliar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abigail R Edwards
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Atkinson J, Bezak E, Le H, Kempson I. DNA Double Strand Break and Response Fluorescent Assays: Choices and Interpretation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2227. [PMID: 38396904 PMCID: PMC10889524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately characterizing DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and understanding the DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial for assessing cellular genotoxicity, maintaining genomic integrity, and advancing gene editing technologies. Immunofluorescence-based techniques have proven to be invaluable for quantifying and visualizing DSB repair, providing valuable insights into cellular repair processes. However, the selection of appropriate markers for analysis can be challenging due to the intricate nature of DSB repair mechanisms, often leading to ambiguous interpretations. This comprehensively summarizes the significance of immunofluorescence-based techniques, with their capacity for spatiotemporal visualization, in elucidating complex DDR processes. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of different markers, we identify where they are most relevant chronologically from DSB detection to repair, better contextualizing what each assay represents at a molecular level. This is valuable for identifying biases associated with each assay and facilitates accurate data interpretation. This review aims to improve the precision of DSB quantification, deepen the understanding of DDR processes, assay biases, and pathway choices, and provide practical guidance on marker selection. Each assay offers a unique perspective of the underlying processes, underscoring the need to select markers that are best suited to specific research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Atkinson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Eva Bezak
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (E.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Hien Le
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
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15
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Bai L, Zhang R, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li Y. Seneca Valley Virus Degrades STING via PERK and ATF6-Mediated Reticulophagy. Viruses 2023; 15:2209. [PMID: 38005886 PMCID: PMC10674438 DOI: 10.3390/v15112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is an emerging porcine virus that can cause vesicular disease in pigs. However, the immune evasion mechanism of SVV remains unclear, as does its interaction with other pathways. STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) is typically recognized as a critical factor in innate immune responses to DNA virus infection, but its role during SVV infection remains poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that STING was degraded in SVV-infected PK-15 cells, and SVV replication in the cells was affected when STING was knockdown or overexpressed. The STING degradation observed was blocked when the SVV-induced autophagy was inhibited by using autophagy inhibitors (Chloroquine, Bafilomycin A1) or knockdown of autophagy related gene 5 (ATG5), suggesting that SVV-induced autophagy is responsible for STING degradation. Furthermore, the STING degradation was inhibited when reticulophagy regulator 1 (FAM134B), a reticulophagy related receptor, was knocked down, indicating that SVV infection induces STING degradation via reticulophagy. Further study showed that in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (PERK)/activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) deficient cells, SVV infection failed to induce reticulophagy-medaited STING degradation, indicating that SVV infection caused STING degradation via PERK/ATF6-mediated reticulophagy. Notably, blocking reticulophagy effectively hindered SVV replication. Overall, our study suggested that SVV infection resulted in STING degradation via PERK and ATF6-mediated reticulophagy, which may be an immune escape strategy of SVV. This finding improves the understanding of the intricate interplay between viruses and their hosts and provides a novel strategy for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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16
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Ma M, Dang Y, Chang B, Wang F, Xu J, Chen L, Su H, Li J, Ge B, Chen C, Liu H. TAK1 is an essential kinase for STING trafficking. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3885-3903.e5. [PMID: 37832545 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The translocation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) enables its activation. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of STING exit from the ER remains elusive. Here, we found that STING induces the activation of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) prior to STING trafficking in a TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1)-dependent manner. Intriguingly, activated TAK1 directly mediates STING phosphorylation on serine 355, which facilitates its interaction with STING ER exit protein (STEEP) and thereby promotes its oligomerization and translocation to the ERGIC for subsequent activation. Importantly, activation of TAK1 by monophosphoryl lipid A, a TLR4 agonist, boosts cGAMP-induced antitumor immunity dependent on STING phosphorylation in a mouse allograft tumor model. Taken together, TAK1 was identified as a checkpoint for STING activation by promoting its trafficking, providing a basis for combinatory tumor immunotherapy and intervention in STING-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yifang Dang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Boran Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Junfang Xu
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200433, China.
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17
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Geng C, Zhang MC, Manyam GC, Vykoukal JV, Fahrmann JF, Peng S, Wu C, Park S, Kondraganti S, Wang D, Robinson BD, Loda M, Barbieri CE, Yap TA, Corn PG, Hanash S, Broom BM, Pilié PG, Thompson TC. SPOP Mutations Target STING1 Signaling in Prostate Cancer and Create Therapeutic Vulnerabilities to PARP Inhibitor-Induced Growth Suppression. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4464-4478. [PMID: 37581614 PMCID: PMC11017857 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is important in DNA damage response (DDR) and maintenance of genomic stability. Somatic heterozygous missense mutations in the SPOP substrate-binding cleft are found in up to 15% of prostate cancers. While mutations in SPOP predict for benefit from androgen receptor signaling inhibition (ARSi) therapy, outcomes for patients with SPOP-mutant (SPOPmut) prostate cancer are heterogeneous and targeted treatments for SPOPmut castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are lacking. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using in silico genomic and transcriptomic tumor data, proteomics analysis, and genetically modified cell line models, we demonstrate mechanistic links between SPOP mutations, STING signaling alterations, and PARP inhibitor vulnerabilities. RESULTS We demonstrate that SPOP mutations are associated with upregulation of a 29-gene noncanonical (NC) STING (NC-STING) signature in a subset of SPOPmut, treatment-refractory CRPC patients. We show in preclinical CRPC models that SPOP targets and destabilizes STING1 protein, and prostate cancer-associated SPOP mutations result in upregulated NC-STING-NF-κB signaling and macrophage- and tumor microenvironment (TME)-facilitated reprogramming, leading to tumor cell growth. Importantly, we provide in vitro and in vivo mechanism-based evidence that PARP inhibitor (PARPi) treatment results in a shift from immunosuppressive NC-STING-NF-κB signaling to antitumor, canonical cGAS-STING-IFNβ signaling in SPOPmut CRPC and results in enhanced tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that SPOP is critical in regulating immunosuppressive versus antitumor activity downstream of DNA damage-induced STING1 activation in prostate cancer. PARPi treatment of SPOPmut CRPC alters this NC-STING signaling toward canonical, antitumor cGAS-STING-IFNβ signaling, highlighting a novel biomarker-informed treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Geng
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Man-Chao Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju C. Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jody V. Vykoukal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johannes F. Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shan Peng
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shakuntala Kondraganti
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daoqi Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Christopher E. Barbieri
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Timothy A. Yap
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul G. Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley M. Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick G. Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy C. Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Wang X, Lin M, Zhu L, Ye Z. GAS-STING: a classical DNA recognition pathways to tumor therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200245. [PMID: 37920470 PMCID: PMC10618366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthetase (cGAS), recognized as the primary DNA sensor within cells, possesses the capability to identify foreign DNA molecules along with free DNA fragments. This identification process facilitates the production of type I IFNs through the activator of the interferon gene (STING) which induces the phosphorylation of downstream transcription factors. This action characterizes the most archetypal biological functionality of the cGAS-STING pathway. When treated with anti-tumor agents, cells experience DNA damage that triggers activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, culminating in the expression of type I IFNs and associated downstream interferon-stimulated genes. cGAS-STING is one of the important innate immune pathways,the role of type I IFNs in the articulation between innate immunity and T-cell antitumour immunity.type I IFNs promote the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells (including NK cells) at the tumor site.Type I IFNs also can promote the activation and maturation of dendritic cel(DC), improve the antigen presentation of CD4+T lymphocytes, and enhance the cross-presentation of CD8+T lymphocytes to upregulating anti-tumor responses. This review discussed the cGAS-STING signaling and its mechanism and biological function in traditional tumor therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meijia Lin
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhoujie Ye
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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19
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Jiao S, Li C, Guo F, Zhang J, Zhang H, Cao Z, Wang W, Bu W, Lin M, Lü J, Zhou Z. SUN1/2 controls macrophage polarization via modulating nuclear size and stiffness. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6416. [PMID: 37828059 PMCID: PMC10570371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the size and stiffness of the nucleus triggered by environmental cues are thought to be important for eukaryotic cell fate and function. However, it remains unclear how context-dependent nuclear remodeling occurs and reprograms gene expression. Here we identify the nuclear envelope proteins SUN1/2 as mechano-regulators of the nucleus during M1 polarization of the macrophage. Specifically, we show that LPS treatment decreases the protein levels of SUN1/2 in a CK2-βTrCP-dependent manner to shrink and soften the nucleus, therefore altering the chromatin accessibility for M1-associated gene expression. Notably, the transmembrane helix of SUN1/2 is solely required and sufficient for the nuclear mechano-remodeling. Consistently, SUN1/2 depletion in macrophages facilitates their phagocytosis, tissue infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production, thereby boosting the antitumor immunity in mice. Thus, our study demonstrates that, in response to inflammatory cues, SUN1/2 proteins act as mechano-regulators to remodel the nucleus and chromatin for M1 polarization of the macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 68th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fenghua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Hua'shan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhifa Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mobin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Junhong Lü
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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20
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Tan J, Sun X, Zhao H, Guan H, Gao S, Zhou P. Double-strand DNA break repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e388. [PMID: 37808268 PMCID: PMC10556206 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand break (DSB), a significant DNA damage brought on by ionizing radiation, acts as an initiating signal in tumor radiotherapy, causing cancer cells death. The two primary pathways for DNA DSB repair in mammalian cells are nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which cooperate and compete with one another to achieve effective repair. The DSB repair mechanism depends on numerous regulatory variables. DSB recognition and the recruitment of DNA repair components, for instance, depend on the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and the Ku70/80 heterodimer/DNA-PKcs (DNA-PK) complex, whose control is crucial in determining the DSB repair pathway choice and efficiency of HR and NHEJ. In-depth elucidation on the DSB repair pathway's molecular mechanisms has greatly facilitated for creation of repair proteins or pathways-specific inhibitors to advance precise cancer therapy and boost the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. The architectures, roles, molecular processes, and inhibitors of significant target proteins in the DSB repair pathways are reviewed in this article. The strategy and application in cancer therapy are also discussed based on the advancement of inhibitors targeted DSB damage response and repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xingyao Sun
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
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21
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Kerr CM, Parthasarathy S, Schwarting N, O'Connor JJ, Pfannenstiel JJ, Giri E, More S, Orozco RC, Fehr AR. PARP12 is required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant coronavirus in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. J Virol 2023; 97:e0088523. [PMID: 37695054 PMCID: PMC10537751 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00885-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) mediate the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to protein or nucleic acid substrates. This modification can be removed by several different types of proteins, including macrodomains. Several ARTs, also known as PARPs, are stimulated by interferon indicating ADP-ribosylation is an important aspect of the innate immune response. All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode for a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that is critical for CoVs to replicate and cause disease, indicating that ADP-ribosylation can effectively control coronavirus infection. Our siRNA screen indicated that PARP12 might inhibit the replication of a murine hepatitis virus (MHV) Mac1 mutant virus in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). To conclusively demonstrate that PARP12 is a key mediator of the antiviral response to CoVs both in cell culture and in vivo, we produced PARP12-/-mice and tested the ability of MHV A59 (hepatotropic/neurotropic) and JHM (neurotropic) Mac1 mutant viruses to replicate and cause disease in these mice. Notably, in the absence of PARP12, Mac1 mutant replication was increased in BMDMs and mice. In addition, liver pathology was also increased in A59-infected mice. However, the PARP12 knockout did not restore Mac1 mutant virus replication to WT virus levels in all cell or tissue types and did not significantly increase the lethality of Mac1 mutant viruses. These results demonstrate that while PARP12 inhibits MHV Mac1 mutant virus infection, additional PARPs or innate immune factors must contribute to the extreme attenuation of this virus in mice. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, the importance of ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), also known as PARPs, in the antiviral response has gained increased significance as several were shown to either restrict virus replication or impact innate immune responses. However, there are few studies showing ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication or pathogenesis in animal models. We found that the CoV macrodomain (Mac1) was required to prevent ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication in cell culture. Using knockout mice, we found that PARP12, an interferon-stimulated ART, was required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant CoV both in cell culture and in mice, demonstrating that PARP12 represses coronavirus replication. However, the deletion of PARP12 did not fully rescue Mac1 mutant virus replication or pathogenesis, indicating that multiple PARPs function to counter coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Kerr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Nancy Schwarting
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph J. O'Connor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Emily Giri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sunil More
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Robin C. Orozco
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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22
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Klapp V, Álvarez-Abril B, Leuzzi G, Kroemer G, Ciccia A, Galluzzi L. The DNA Damage Response and Inflammation in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1521-1545. [PMID: 37026695 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic stability in normal cells is crucial to avoid oncogenesis. Accordingly, multiple components of the DNA damage response (DDR) operate as bona fide tumor suppressor proteins by preserving genomic stability, eliciting the demise of cells with unrepairable DNA lesions, and engaging cell-extrinsic oncosuppression via immunosurveillance. That said, DDR sig-naling can also favor tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Indeed, DDR signaling in cancer cells has been consistently linked to the inhibition of tumor-targeting immune responses. Here, we discuss the complex interactions between the DDR and inflammation in the context of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DDR is intimately connected to the emission of immunomodulatory signals by normal and malignant cells, as part of a cell-extrinsic program to preserve organismal homeostasis. DDR-driven inflammation, however, can have diametrically opposed effects on tumor-targeting immunity. Understanding the links between the DDR and inflammation in normal and malignant cells may unlock novel immunotherapeutic paradigms to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Abril
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York
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23
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Taffoni C, Schüssler M, Vila IK, Laguette N. Harnessing the cooperation between DNA-PK and cGAS in cancer therapies: The cooperation between DNA-PK and cGAS shapes tumour immunogenicity. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300045. [PMID: 37147791 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is central for the initiation of anti-tumoural immune responses. Enormous effort has been made to optimise the design and administration of STING agonists to stimulate tumour immunogenicity. However, in certain contexts the cGAS-STING axis fuels tumourigenesis. Here, we review recent findings on the regulation of cGAS expression and activity. We particularly focus our attention on the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex, that recently emerged as an activator of inflammatory responses in tumour cells. We propose that stratification analyses on cGAS and DNA-PK expression/activation status should be carried out to predict treatment efficacy. We herein also provide insights into non-canonical functions borne by cGAS and cGAMP, highlighting how they may influence tumourigenesis. All these parameters should be taken into consideration concertedly to choose strategies aiming to effectively boost tumour immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Taffoni
- IGMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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24
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Kerr CM, Parthasarathy S, Schwarting N, O’Connor JJ, Giri E, More S, Orozco RC, Fehr AR. PARP12 is required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant coronavirus in a cell and tissue specific manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545351. [PMID: 37398292 PMCID: PMC10312760 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) mediate the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD + to protein or nucleic acid substrates. This modification can be removed by several different types of proteins, including macrodomains. Several ARTs, also known as PARPs, are stimulated by interferon, indicating ADP-ribosylation is an important aspect of the innate immune response. All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode for a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that is critical for CoVs to replicate and cause disease, indicating that ADP-ribosylation can effectively control coronavirus infection. Our siRNA screen indicated that PARP12 might inhibit the replication of a MHV Mac1 mutant virus in bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). To conclusively demonstrate that PARP12 is a key mediator of the antiviral response to CoVs both in cell culture and in vivo , we produced PARP12 -/- mice and tested the ability of MHV A59 (hepatotropic/neurotropic) and JHM (neurotropic) Mac1 mutant viruses to replicate and cause disease in these mice. Notably, in the absence of PARP12, Mac1 mutant replication was increased in BMDMs and in mice. In addition, liver pathology was also increased in A59 infected mice. However, the PARP12 knockout did not restore Mac1 mutant virus replication to WT virus levels in all cell or tissue types and did not significantly increase the lethality of Mac1 mutant viruses. These results demonstrate that while PARP12 inhibits MHV Mac1 mutant virus infection, additional PARPs or innate immune factors must contribute to the extreme attenuation of this virus in mice. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, the importance of ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), also known as PARPs, in the antiviral response has gained increased significance as several were shown to either restrict virus replication or impact innate immune responses. However, there are few studies showing ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication or pathogenesis in animal models. We found that the CoV macrodomain (Mac1) was required to prevent ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication in cell culture. Here, using knockout mice, we found that PARP12, an interferon-stimulated ART, was required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant CoV both in cell culture and in mice, demonstrating that PARP12 represses coronavirus replication. However, the deletion of PARP12 did not fully rescue Mac1 mutant virus replication or pathogenesis, indicating that multiple PARPs function to counter coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Kerr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | | - Nancy Schwarting
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Joseph J. O’Connor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Emily Giri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Sunil More
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74048, USA
| | - Robin C. Orozco
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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25
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Fang L, Hao Y, Yu H, Gu X, Peng Q, Zhuo H, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Tian H, Gao Y, Gao R, Teng H, Shan Z, Zhu J, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yu F, Lin Z, Hao Y, Ge X, Yuan J, Hu HG, Ma Y, Qin HL, Wang P. Methionine restriction promotes cGAS activation and chromatin untethering through demethylation to enhance antitumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1118-1133.e12. [PMID: 37267951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is the major sensor for cytosolic DNA and activates type I interferon signaling and plays an essential role in antitumor immunity. However, it remains unclear whether the cGAS-mediated antitumor activity is affected by nutrient status. Here, our study reports that methionine deprivation enhances cGAS activity by blocking its methylation, which is catalyzed by methyltransferase SUV39H1. We further show that methylation enhances the chromatin sequestration of cGAS in a UHRF1-dependent manner. Blocking cGAS methylation enhances cGAS-mediated antitumor immunity and suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis. Clinically, cGAS methylation in human cancers correlates with poor prognosis. Thus, our results indicate that nutrient stress promotes cGAS activation via reversible methylation, and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting cGAS methylation in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yun Hao
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Haihong Yu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xuemei Gu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huimin Zhuo
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yaxu Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongling Tian
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yaohui Gao
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongqi Teng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- Insititute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan-Long Qin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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26
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Antiochos B, Casciola-Rosen L. Interferon and autoantigens: intersection in autoimmunity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1165225. [PMID: 37228405 PMCID: PMC10203243 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1165225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) is a key component of the innate immune response. For reasons that remain incompletely understood, the IFN system is upregulated in several rheumatic diseases, particularly those that feature autoantibody production, such as SLE, Sjögren's syndrome, myositis and systemic sclerosis. Interestingly, many of the autoantigens targeted in these diseases are components of the IFN system, representing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and modulators of the IFN response. In this review, we describe features of these IFN-linked proteins that may underlie their status as autoantigens. Note is also made of anti-IFN autoantibodies that have been described in immunodeficiency states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Antiochos
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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27
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Wang L, Liu Q, Wang N, Li S, Bian W, Sun Z, Wang L, Wang L, Liu C, Song C, Liu Q, Yang Q. Oleic Acid Dissolves cGAS-DNA Phase Separation to Inhibit Immune Surveillance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206820. [PMID: 36950761 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation (PS) is a fundamental principle in diverse life processes including immunosurveillance. Despite numerous studies on PS, little is known about its dissolution. Here, it is shown that oleic acid (OA) dissolves the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) PS and inhibits immune surveillance of DNA. As solvent components control PS and metabolites are abundant cellular components, it is speculated that some metabolite(s) may dissolve PS. Metabolite-screening reveals that the cGAS-DNA condensates formed via PS are markedly dissolved by long-chain fatty acids, including OA. OA revokes intracellular cGAS-PS and DNA-induced activation. OA attenuates cGAS-mediated antiviral and anticancer immunosurveillance. These results link metabolism and immunity by dissolving PS, which may be targeted for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
| | - Siru Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bian
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116 024, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116 023, P. R. China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110 004, P. R. China
| | - Chengli Song
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510 060, P. R. China
| | - Qingkai Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, 116 044, P. R. China
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28
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Vasiyani H, Wadhwa B, Singh R. Regulation of cGAS-STING signalling in cancer: Approach for combination therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188896. [PMID: 37088059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity plays an important role not only during infection but also homeostatic role during stress conditions. Activation of the immune system including innate immune response plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. The innate immune sensor recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activates cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) (cGAS-STING) and induces type-1 immune response during viral and bacterial infection. cGAS-STING is regulated differently in conditions like cellular senescence and DNA damage in normal and tumor cells and is implicated in the progression of tumors from different origins. cGAS binds to cytoplasmic dsDNA and synthesize cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP), which selectively activates STING and downstream IFN and NF-κB activation. We here reviewed the cGAS-STING signalling pathway and its cross-talk with other pathways to modulate tumorigenesis. Further, the review also focused on emerging studies that targeted the cGAS-STING pathway for developing targeted therapeutics and combinatorial regimens for cancer of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Vasiyani
- Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumika Wadhwa
- Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
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29
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Chen K, Dai M, Luo Q, Wang Y, Shen W, Liao Y, Zhou Y, Cheng W. PARP1 controls the transcription of CD24 by ADP-ribosylating the RNA helicase DDX5 in pancreatic cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 155:106358. [PMID: 36584909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The PARP1 protein plays a key role in DNA damage repair and ADP-ribosylation to regulate gene expression. Strategies to target PARP1 have rapidly been developed for cancer treatment. However, the role of the innate immune response in targeted anti-PARP1 therapy remains poorly understood. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying the immunogenicity of PARP1 and explore efficient therapeutic strategies to enhance the antitumor effect of PARP inhibitors. The relationships between PARP1 expression and immunosuppressive factors were examined by qRTPCR and immunoblot analysis. DNA pull-down, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIPqPCR) and luciferase reporter assays were employed to reveal the mechanism by which the expression of the immune checkpoint regulator CD24 is regulated by PARP1. Phagocytosis assays and pancreatic cancer animal models were applied to evaluate the therapeutic effect of simultaneous disruption of PARP1 and the antiphagocytic factor CD24. Upregulation of the innate immunosuppressive factor CD24 was observed in pancreatic cancer during PARP1 inhibition. The activating effect of targeting CD24 on macrophage phagocytosis was verified. Then, we showed that PARP1 attenuated the transcription of CD24 by ADP-ribosylating the transcription factor DDX5 in pancreatic cancer. Combined blockade of PARP1 and the antiphagocytic factor CD24 elicited a synergetic antitumor effect in pancreatic cancer. Our research provided evidence that combination treatment with PARP inhibitors and CD24 blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be an effective strategy to improve the clinical therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China; Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Manxiong Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China; Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Quanneng Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China; Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China; Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weitao Shen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China; Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China; Xiangyue Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, National Clinical Center for Schistosomiasis Treatment, Yueyang 414000, Hunan Province, China; Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreas Disease of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China.
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30
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Zhu T, Zheng JY, Huang LL, Wang YH, Yao DF, Dai HB. Human PARP1 substrates and regulators of its catalytic activity: An updated overview. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1137151. [PMID: 36909172 PMCID: PMC9995695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1137151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a key DNA damage sensor that is recruited to damaged sites after DNA strand breaks to initiate DNA repair. This is achieved by catalyzing attachment of ADP-ribose moieties, which are donated from NAD+, on the amino acid residues of itself or other acceptor proteins. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) that inhibit PARP catalytic activity and induce PARP trapping are commonly used for treating BRCA1/2-deficient breast and ovarian cancers through synergistic lethality. Unfortunately, resistance to PARPi frequently occurs. In this review, we present the novel substrates and regulators of the PARP1-catalyzed poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylatison) that have been identified in the last 3 years. The overall aim is the presentation of protein interactions of potential therapeutic intervention for overcoming the resistance to PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Yan Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Ling Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di-Fei Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Taffoni C, Marines J, Chamma H, Guha S, Saccas M, Bouzid A, Valadao ALC, Maghe C, Jardine J, Park MK, Polak K, De Martino M, Vanpouille-Box C, Del Rio M, Gongora C, Gavard J, Bidère N, Song MS, Pineau D, Hugnot JP, Kissa K, Fontenille L, Blanchet FP, Vila IK, Laguette N. DNA damage repair kinase DNA-PK and cGAS synergize to induce cancer-related inflammation in glioblastoma. EMBO J 2022; 42:e111961. [PMID: 36574362 PMCID: PMC10068334 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA promotes inflammatory responses upon detection by the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). It has been suggested that cGAS downregulation is an immune escape strategy harnessed by tumor cells. Here, we used glioblastoma cells that show undetectable cGAS levels to address if alternative DNA detection pathways can promote pro-inflammatory signaling. We show that the DNA-PK DNA repair complex (i) drives cGAS-independent IRF3-mediated type I Interferon responses and (ii) that its catalytic activity is required for cGAS-dependent cGAMP production and optimal downstream signaling. We further show that the cooperation between DNA-PK and cGAS favors the expression of chemokines that promote macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment in a glioblastoma model, a process that impairs early tumorigenesis but correlates with poor outcome in glioblastoma patients. Thus, our study supports that cGAS-dependent signaling is acquired during tumorigenesis and that cGAS and DNA-PK activities should be analyzed concertedly to predict the impact of strategies aiming to boost tumor immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Taffoni
- IGH, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Johanna Marines
- IGH, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Azelead©, Montpellier, France
| | - Hanane Chamma
- IGH, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Amel Bouzid
- IGH, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Clément Maghe
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jane Jardine
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mara De Martino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maguy Del Rio
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Celine Gongora
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Gavard
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO), Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Min Sup Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donovan Pineau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karima Kissa
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5235, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fabien P Blanchet
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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32
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Song JX, Villagomes D, Zhao H, Zhu M. cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076784. [PMID: 36591232 PMCID: PMC9797516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier of host defense, innate immunity sets up the parclose to keep out external microbial or virus attacks. Depending on the type of pathogens, several cytoplasm pattern recognition receptors exist to sense the attacks from either foreign or host origins, triggering the immune response to battle with the infections. Among them, cGAS-STING is the major pathway that mainly responds to microbial DNA, DNA virus infections, or self-DNA, which mainly comes from genome instability by-product or released DNA from the mitochondria. cGAS was initially found functional in the cytoplasm, although intriguing evidence indicates that cGAS exists in the nucleus where it is involved in the DNA damage repair process. Because the close connection between DNA damage response and immune response and cGAS recognizes DNA in length-dependent but DNA sequence-independent manners, it is urgent to clear the function balance of cGAS in the nucleus versus cytoplasm and how it is shielded from recognizing the host origin DNA. Here, we outline the current conception of immune response and the regulation mechanism of cGAS in the nucleus. Furthermore, we will shed light on the potential mechanisms that are restricted to be taken away from self-DNA recognition, especially how post-translational modification regulates cGAS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xian Song
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deana Villagomes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhu,
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33
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Wang F, Ma MT, Xu J, Liu H. Identification of phosphorylation site on PARP1 mediating its cytosolic translocation in virus-infected HeLa cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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34
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Zhang W, Guo J, Chen Q. Role of PARP-1 in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Functional Partners Encoded by This Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:2049. [PMID: 36146855 PMCID: PMC9501325 DOI: 10.3390/v14092049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that threats the majority of the world's population. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and protein poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) regulates manifold cellular functions. The role of PARP-1 and protein PARylation in HCMV infection is still unknown. In the present study, we found that the pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PARP-1 attenuated HCMV replication, and PARG inhibition favors HCMV replication. PARP-1 and its enzymatic activity were required for efficient HCMV replication. HCMV infection triggered the activation of PARP-1 and induced the translocation of PARP-1 from nucleus to cytoplasm. PARG was upregulated in HCMV-infected cells and this upregulation was independent of viral DNA replication. Moreover, we found that HCMV UL76, a true late protein of HCMV, inhibited the overactivation of PARP-1 through direct binding to the BRCT domain of PARP-1. In addition, UL76 also physically interacted with poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers through the RG/RGG motifs of UL76 which mediates its recruitment to DNA damage sites. Finally, PARP-1 inhibition or depletion potentiated HCMV-triggered induction of type I interferons. Our results uncovered the critical role of PARP-1 and PARP-1-mediated protein PARylation in HCMV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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35
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Ge Z, Ding S. Regulation of cGAS/STING signaling and corresponding immune escape strategies of viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:954581. [PMID: 36189363 PMCID: PMC9516114 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.954581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading external pathogens, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the key receptors that mediate the innate immune response. Nowadays, there are various PRRs in cells that can activate the innate immune response by recognizing pathogen-related molecular patterns (PAMPs). The DNA sensor cGAS, which belongs to the PRRs, plays a crucial role in innate immunity. cGAS detects both foreign and host DNA and generates a second-messenger cGAMP to mediate stimulator of interferon gene (STING)-dependent antiviral responses, thereby exerting an antiviral immune response. However, the process of cGAS/STING signaling is regulated by a wide range of factors. Multiple studies have shown that viruses directly target signal transduction proteins in the cGAS/STING signaling through viral surface proteins to impede innate immunity. It is noteworthy that the virus utilizes these cGAS/STING signaling regulators to evade immune surveillance. Thus, this paper mainly summarized the regulatory mechanism of the cGAS/STING signaling pathway and the immune escape mechanism of the corresponding virus, intending to provide targeted immunotherapy ideas for dealing with specific viral infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ge
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuzhe Ding,
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36
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Chan Wah Hak CML, Rullan A, Patin EC, Pedersen M, Melcher AA, Harrington KJ. Enhancing anti-tumour innate immunity by targeting the DNA damage response and pattern recognition receptors in combination with radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971959. [PMID: 36106115 PMCID: PMC9465159 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective and frequently used treatments for a wide range of cancers. In addition to its direct anti-cancer cytotoxic effects, ionising radiation can augment the anti-tumour immune response by triggering pro-inflammatory signals, DNA damage-induced immunogenic cell death and innate immune activation. Anti-tumour innate immunity can result from recruitment and stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) which leads to tumour-specific adaptive T-cell priming and immunostimulatory cell infiltration. Conversely, radiotherapy can also induce immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory mediators that can confer radioresistance. Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) concomitantly with radiotherapy is an attractive strategy for overcoming radioresistance, both by enhancing the radiosensitivity of tumour relative to normal tissues, and tipping the scales in favour of an immunostimulatory tumour microenvironment. This two-pronged approach exploits genomic instability to circumvent immune evasion, targeting both hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we describe targetable DDR proteins (PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase); ATM/ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related), DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit) and Wee1 (Wee1-like protein kinase) and their potential intersections with druggable immunomodulatory signalling pathways, including nucleic acid-sensing mechanisms (Toll-like receptors (TLR); cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors), and how these might be exploited to enhance radiation therapy. We summarise current preclinical advances, recent and ongoing clinical trials and the challenges of therapeutic combinations with existing treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Rullan
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel C. Patin
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan A. Melcher
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) NS1' Enhances the Viral Infection of Dendritic Cells (DCs) and Macrophages in Pig Tonsils. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0114722. [PMID: 35730942 PMCID: PMC9430915 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01147-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are the amplifying hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Currently, the safe and effective live attenuated vaccine made of JEV strain SA14-14-2, which does not express NS1', is widely used in humans and domestic animals to prevent JEV infection. In this study, we constructed the NS1' expression recombinant virus (rA66G) through a single nucleotide mutation in NS2A of JEV strain SA14-14-2. Animal experiments showed that NS1' significantly enhanced JEV infection in pig central nervous system (CNS) and tonsil tissues. Pigs shed virus in oronasal secretions in the JEV rA66G virus inoculation group, indicating that NS1' may facilitate the horizontal transmission of JEV. Additionally, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are the main target cells of JEV infection in pig tonsils, which are an important site of persistent JEV infection. The reduction of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pig tonsils caused by viral infection may create a beneficial environment for persistent JEV infection. These results are of significance for JEV infection in pigs and lay the foundation for future studies of JEV persistent infection in pig tonsils. IMPORTANCE Pigs are amplification hosts for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV can persist in the tonsils for months despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies. The present study shows that NS1' increases JEV infection in pig tonsils. In addition, DCs and macrophages in the tonsils are the target cells for JEV infection, and JEV NS1' promotes virus infection in DCs and macrophages. This study reveals a novel function of JEV NS1' protein and lays the foundation for future studies of JEV persistent infection in pig tonsils.
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A T cell resilience model associated with response to immunotherapy in multiple tumor types. Nat Med 2022; 28:1421-1431. [PMID: 35501486 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, most tumor-reactive T cells cannot persist in solid tumors due to an immunosuppressive environment. We developed Tres (tumor-resilient T cell), a computational model utilizing single-cell transcriptomic data to identify signatures of T cells that are resilient to immunosuppressive signals, such as transforming growth factor-β1, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and prostaglandin E2. Tres reliably predicts clinical responses to immunotherapy in melanoma, lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and B cell malignancies using bulk T cell transcriptomic data from pre-treatment tumors from patients who received immune-checkpoint inhibitors (n = 38), infusion products for chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies (n = 34) and pre-manufacture samples for chimeric antigen receptor T cell or tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies (n = 84). Further, Tres identified FIBP, whose functions are largely unknown, as the top negative marker of tumor-resilient T cells across many solid tumor types. FIBP knockouts in murine and human donor CD8+ T cells significantly enhanced T cell-mediated cancer killing in in vitro co-cultures. Further, Fibp knockout in murine T cells potentiated the in vivo efficacy of adoptive cell transfer in the B16 tumor model. Fibp knockout T cells exhibit reduced cholesterol metabolism, which inhibits effector T cell function. These results demonstrate the utility of Tres in identifying biomarkers of T cell effectiveness and potential therapeutic targets for immunotherapies in solid tumors.
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