1
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Li Y, Wu J. CD177 is a novel IgG Fc receptor and CD177 genetic variants affect IgG-mediated function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.07.574546. [PMID: 38260289 PMCID: PMC10802432 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.07.574546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
CD177 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells including neutrophils, myelocytes, promyelocytes, megakaryocytes, and early erythroblasts in bone marrow. CD177 deficiency is a common phenotype in humans. Our previous studies revealed genetic mechanisms of human CD177 deficiency and expression variations. Up to now, immune functions of CD177 remain undefined. In the current study, we revealed human IgG as a ligand for CD177 by using flow cytometry, bead-rosette formation, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. In addition, we show that CD177 variants affect the binding capacity of CD177 for human IgG. Furthermore, we showed that the CD177 genetic variants significantly affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function. The demonstration of CD177 as a functional IgG Fc-receptor may provide new insights into CD177 immune function and genetic mechanism underlying CD177 as biomarkers for human diseases.
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2
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Hermans SJ, Nero TL, Morton CJ, Gooi JH, Crespi GAN, Hancock NC, Gao C, Ishii K, Markulić J, Parker MW. Structural biology of cell surface receptors implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Biophys Rev 2021; 14:233-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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3
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Mortada I, Farah R, Nabha S, Ojcius DM, Fares Y, Almawi WY, Sadier NS. Immunotherapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:654739. [PMID: 34163421 PMCID: PMC8215715 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.654739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are mostly symptomatic without affecting the underlying cause of disease. Emerging evidence supports a potential role for immunotherapy in the management of disease progression. Numerous reports raise the exciting prospect that either the immune system or its derivative components could be harnessed to fight the misfolded and aggregated proteins that accumulate in several neurodegenerative diseases. Passive and active vaccinations using monoclonal antibodies and specific antigens that induce adaptive immune responses are currently under evaluation for their potential use in the development of immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to shed light on prominent immunotherapeutic strategies being developed to fight neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration, with a focus on innovative immunotherapies such as vaccination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mortada
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raymond Farah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najwane Said Sadier
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Thibault G, Paintaud G, Sung HC, Lajoie L, Louis E, Desvignes C, Watier H, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Ternant D. Association of IgG1 Antibody Clearance with FcγRIIA Polymorphism and Platelet Count in Infliximab-Treated Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116051. [PMID: 34205175 PMCID: PMC8199937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The FcγRIIA/CD32A is mainly expressed on platelets, myeloid and several endothelial cells. Its affinity is considered insufficient for allowing significant binding of monomeric IgG, while its H131R polymorphism (histidine > arginine at position 131) influences affinity for multimeric IgG2. Platelet FcγRIIA has been reported to contribute to IgG-containing immune-complexe clearance. Given our finding that platelet FcγRIIA actually binds monomeric IgG, we investigated the role of platelets and FcγRIIA in IgG antibody elimination. We used pharmacokinetics analysis of infliximab (IgG1) in individuals with controlled Crohn’s disease. The influence of platelet count and FcγRIIA polymorphism was quantified by multivariate linear modelling. The infliximab half-life increased with R allele number (13.2, 14.4 and 15.6 days for HH, HR and RR patients, respectively). It decreased with increasing platelet count in R carriers: from ≈20 days (RR) and ≈17 days (HR) at 150 × 109/L, respectively, to ≈13 days (both HR and RR) at 350 × 109/L. Moreover, a flow cytometry assay showed that infliximab and monomeric IgG1 bound efficiently to platelet FcγRIIA H and R allotypes, whereas panitumumab and IgG2 bound poorly to the latter. We propose that infliximab (and presumably any IgG1 antibody) elimination is partly due to an unappreciated mechanism dependent on binding to platelet FcγRIIA, which is probably tuned by its affinity for IgG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Thibault
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +332-3437-9699
| | - Gilles Paintaud
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Hsueh Cheng Sung
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
| | - Laurie Lajoie
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
| | - Edouard Louis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | | | - Celine Desvignes
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - David Ternant
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
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5
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Zekri L, Vogt F, Osburg L, Müller S, Kauer J, Manz T, Pflügler M, Maurer A, Heitmann JS, Hagelstein I, Märklin M, Hörner S, Todenhöfer T, Calaminus C, Stenzl A, Pichler B, la Fougère C, Schneider MA, Rammensee H, Zender L, Sipos B, Salih HR, Jung G. An IgG-based bispecific antibody for improved dual targeting in PSMA-positive cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e11902. [PMID: 33372710 PMCID: PMC7863392 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been demonstrated in numerous studies to be expressed specifically on prostate carcinoma cells and on the neovasculature of several other cancer entities. However, the simultaneous expression of PSMA on both, tumor cells as well as tumor vessels remains unclear, even if such "dual" expression would constitute an important asset to facilitate sufficient influx of effector cells to a given tumor site. We report here on the generation of a PSMA antibody, termed 10B3, which exerts superior dual reactivity on sections of prostate carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 10B3 was used for the construction of T-cell recruiting bispecific PSMAxCD3 antibodies in Fab- and IgG-based formats, designated Fabsc and IgGsc, respectively. In vitro, both molecules exhibited comparable activity. In contrast, only the larger IgGsc molecule induced complete and durable elimination of established tumors in humanized mice due to favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Upon treatment of three patients with metastasized prostate carcinoma with the IgGsc reagent, marked activation of T cells and rapid reduction of elevated PSA levels were observed.
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6
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Brinkhaus M, Douwes RGJ, Bentlage AEH, Temming AR, de Taeye SW, Tammes Buirs M, Gerritsen J, Mok JY, Brasser G, Ligthart PC, van Esch WJE, Verheesen P, de Haard H, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Glycine 236 in the Lower Hinge Region of Human IgG1 Differentiates FcγR from Complement Effector Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3456-3467. [PMID: 33188070 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abs of the IgG isotype mediate effector functions like Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis by Fc interactions with FcγRs and complement-dependent cytotoxicity upon IgG-Fc binding to C1q. In this study, we describe the crucial role of the highly conserved dual glycines at position 236-237 in the lower hinge region of human IgG, including the lack of one glycine as found in IgG2. We found several permutations in this region that either silence or largely abrogate FcγR binding and downstream FcγR effector functions, as demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays. Although the binding regions of FcγRs and C1q on the IgG-Fc largely overlap, IgG1 with a deletion of G236 only silences FcγR-mediated effector functions without affecting C1q-binding or activation. Several mutations resulted in only residual FcγRI binding with differing affinities that are either complement competent or silenced. Interestingly, we also found that IgG2, naturally only binding FcγRIIa, gains binding to FcγRI and FcγRIIIa after insertion of G236, highlighting the crucial importance of G236 in IgG for FcγR interaction. These mutants may become invaluable tools for FcγR-related research as well as for therapeutic purposes in which only complement-mediated functions are required without the involvement of FcγR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben G J Douwes
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Robin Temming
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Tammes Buirs
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacoline Gerritsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giso Brasser
- Sanquin Reagents, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Ligthart
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | | | | | | | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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7
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Panowski SH, Kuo TC, Zhang Y, Chen A, Geng T, Aschenbrenner L, Kamperschroer C, Pascua E, Chen W, Delaria K, Farias S, Bateman M, Dushin RG, Chin SM, Van Blarcom TJ, Yeung YA, Lindquist KC, Chunyk AG, Kuang B, Han B, Mirsky M, Pardo I, Buetow B, Martin TG, Wolf JL, Shelton D, Rajpal A, Strop P, Chaparro-Riggers J, Sasu BJ. Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Comparison of CD3 Bispecific and ADC Modalities Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2008-2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Zhu G, Foletti D, Liu X, Ding S, Melton Witt J, Hasa-Moreno A, Rickert M, Holz C, Aschenbrenner L, Yang AH, Kraynov E, Evering W, Obert L, Lee C, Sai T, Mistry T, Lindquist KC, Van Blarcom T, Strop P, Chaparro-Riggers J, Liu SH. Targeting CLDN18.2 by CD3 Bispecific and ADC Modalities for the Treatments of Gastric and Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8420. [PMID: 31182754 PMCID: PMC6557842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human CLDN18.2 is highly expressed in a significant proportion of gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, while normal tissue expression is limited to the epithelium of the stomach. The restricted expression makes it a potential drug target for the treatment of gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, as evidenced by efforts to target CLDN18.2 via naked antibody and CAR-T modalities. Herein we describe CLDN18.2-targeting via a CD3-bispecific and an antibody drug conjugate and the characterization of these potential therapeutic molecules in efficacy and preliminary toxicity studies. Anti-hCLDN18.2 ADC, CD3-bispecific and diabody, targeting a protein sequence conserved in rat, mouse and monkey, exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity in BxPC3/hCLDN18.2 (IC50 = 1.52, 2.03, and 0.86 nM) and KATO-III/hCLDN18.2 (IC50 = 1.60, 0.71, and 0.07 nM) respectively and inhibited tumor growth of pancreatic and gastric patient-derived xenograft tumors. In a rat exploratory toxicity study, the ADC was tolerated up to 10 mg/kg. In a preliminary assessment of tolerability, the anti-CLDN18.2 diabody (0.34 mg/kg) did not produce obvious signs of toxicity in the stomach of NSG mice 4 weeks after dosing. Taken together, our data indicate that targeting CLDN18.2 with an ADC or bispecific modality could be a valid therapeutic approach for the treatment of gastric and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Zhu
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Davide Foletti
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,23 and Me, 349 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Jody Melton Witt
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, 6455 Christie Ave B-334C, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Adela Hasa-Moreno
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Kodiak Sciences Inc., 2631 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mathias Rickert
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Applied Molecular Transport, 1 Tower Place, Suite 850, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Charles Holz
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, 6455 Christie Ave B-334C, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Laura Aschenbrenner
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Covance Inc. Early Phase Development Solutions, 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, WI, 53704, USA
| | - Amy H Yang
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Eugenia Kraynov
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Winston Evering
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Leslie Obert
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 280 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.,GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Chenyu Lee
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Alector, 151 Oyster Point Blvd #300, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tao Sai
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tina Mistry
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kevin C Lindquist
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Van Blarcom
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Allogene Therapeutics, 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Pavel Strop
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd suite A, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Javier Chaparro-Riggers
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Multitude Therapeutics, Abmart, 3698 Haven Avenue Suite A, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
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9
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Stapleton NM, Brinkhaus M, Armour KL, Bentlage AEH, de Taeye SW, Temming AR, Mok JY, Brasser G, Maas M, van Esch WJE, Clark MR, Williamson LM, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Reduced FcRn-mediated transcytosis of IgG2 due to a missing Glycine in its lower hinge. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7363. [PMID: 31089170 PMCID: PMC6517591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn), the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like Fc-receptor, transports immunoglobuline G (IgG) across cell layers, extending IgG half-life in circulation and providing newborns with humoral immunity. IgG1 and IgG2 have similar half-lives, yet IgG2 displays lower foetal than maternal concentration at term, despite all known FcRn binding residues being preserved between IgG1 and IgG2. We investigated FcRn mediated transcytosis of VH-matched IgG1 and IgG2 and mutated variants thereof lacking Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) binding in human cells expressing FcRn. We observed that FcγR binding was not required for transport and that FcRn transported less IgG2 than IgG1. Transport of IgG1 with a shortened lower hinge (ΔGly236, absent in germline IgG2), was reduced to levels equivalent to IgG2. Conversely, transport of IgG2 + Gly236 was increased to IgG1 levels. Gly236 is not a contact residue between IgG and FcRn, suggesting that its absence leads to an altered conformation of IgG, possibly due to a less flexible Fab, positioned closer to the Fc portion. This may sterically hinder FcRn binding and transport. We conclude that the lack of Gly236 is sufficient to explain the reduced FcRn-mediated IgG2 transcytosis and accounts for the low maternal/fetal IgG2 ratio at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel M Stapleton
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,HALIX B.V., J.H. Oortweg 15/17, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn L Armour
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,LifeArc, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - A Robin Temming
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Mike R Clark
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.,Clark Antibodies Ltd, 10 Wellington Street, Cambridge, CB1 1HW, UK
| | - Lorna M Williamson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 2PT, UK
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.
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10
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Meng Q, Zaidi AK, Sedy J, Bensussan A, Popkin DL. Soluble Fc-Disabled Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Augments Activation and Cytotoxicity of NK Cells by Promoting Cross-Talk between NK Cells and Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:2057-2068. [PMID: 30770415 PMCID: PMC6424646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD160 is highly expressed by NK cells and is associated with cytolytic effector activity. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) activates NK cells for cytokine production and cytolytic function via CD160. Fc-fusions are a well-established class of therapeutics, where the Fc domain provides additional biological and pharmacological properties to the fusion protein including enhanced serum t 1/2 and interaction with Fc receptor-expressing immune cells. We evaluated the specific function of HVEM in regulating CD160-mediated NK cell effector function by generating a fusion of the HVEM extracellular domain with human IgG1 Fc bearing CD16-binding mutations (Fc*) resulting in HVEM-(Fc*). HVEM-(Fc*) displayed reduced binding to the Fc receptor CD16 (i.e., Fc-disabled HVEM), which limited Fc receptor-induced responses. HVEM-(Fc*) functional activity was compared with HVEM-Fc containing the wild type human IgG1 Fc. HVEM-(Fc*) treatment of NK cells and PBMCs caused greater IFN-γ production, enhanced cytotoxicity, reduced NK fratricide, and no change in CD16 expression on human NK cells compared with HVEM-Fc. HVEM-(Fc*) treatment of monocytes or PBMCs enhanced the expression level of CD80, CD83, and CD40 expression on monocytes. HVEM-(Fc*)-enhanced NK cell activation and cytotoxicity were promoted via cross-talk between NK cells and monocytes that was driven by cell-cell contact. In this study, we have shown that soluble Fc-disabled HVEM-(Fc*) augments NK cell activation, IFN-γ production, and cytotoxicity of NK cells without inducing NK cell fratricide by promoting cross-talk between NK cells and monocytes without Fc receptor-induced effects. Soluble Fc-disabled HVEM-(Fc*) may be considered as a research and potentially therapeutic reagent for modulating immune responses via sole activation of HVEM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglai Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006, China
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Asifa K Zaidi
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - John Sedy
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM UMR 976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Daniel L Popkin
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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11
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Martinez DR, Fouda GG, Peng X, Ackerman ME, Permar SR. Noncanonical placental Fc receptors: What is their role in modulating transplacental transfer of maternal IgG? PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007161. [PMID: 30161231 PMCID: PMC6117057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Martinez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Genevieve G. Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xinxia Peng
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Stapleton NM, Armstrong-Fisher SS, Andersen JT, van der Schoot CE, Porter C, Page KR, Falconer D, de Haas M, Williamson LM, Clark MR, Vidarsson G, Armour KL. Human IgG lacking effector functions demonstrate lower FcRn-binding and reduced transplacental transport. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:1-9. [PMID: 29367080 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously generated human IgG1 antibodies that were engineered for reduced binding to the classical Fcγ receptors (FcγRI-III) and C1q, thereby eliminating their destructive effector functions (constant region G1Δnab). In their potential use as blocking agents, favorable binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is important to preserve the long half-life typical of IgG. An ability to cross the placenta, which is also mediated, at least in part, by FcRn is desirable in some indications, such as feto-maternal alloimmune disorders. Here, we show that G1Δnab mutants retain pH-dependent binding to human FcRn but that the amino acid alterations reduce the affinity of the IgG1:FcRn interaction by 2.0-fold and 1.6-fold for the two antibodies investigated. The transport of the modified G1Δnab mutants across monolayers of human cell lines expressing FcRn was approximately 75% of the wild-type, except that no difference was observed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. G1Δnab mutation also reduced transport in an ex vivo placenta model. In conclusion, we demonstrate that, although the G1Δnab mutations are away from the FcRn-binding site, they have long-distance effects, modulating FcRn binding and transcellular transport. Our findings have implications for the design of therapeutic human IgG with tailored effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel M Stapleton
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia S Armstrong-Fisher
- RDI Clinical Transfusion Group, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZW, UK; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO box 1041, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Problemveien 7, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Charlene Porter
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB, UK
| | - Kenneth R Page
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Donald Falconer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Lorna M Williamson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Michael R Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.
| | - Kathryn L Armour
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
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13
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Rashidi M, Bandala-Sanchez E, Lawlor KE, Zhang Y, Neale AM, Vijayaraj SL, O'Donoghue R, Wentworth JM, Adams TE, Vince JE, Harrison LC. CD52 inhibits Toll-like receptor activation of NF-κB and triggers apoptosis to suppress inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:392-405. [PMID: 29244050 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD52 is a small glycoprotein that suppresses T-cell activation, but its effect on innate immune cell function is unknown. Here we demonstrate that soluble CD52 inhibits Toll-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling to limit activation of NF-κB and thereby suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells. At higher concentrations, soluble CD52 depletes the short-lived pro-survival protein MCL-1, contributing to activation of the BH3-only proteins BAX and BAK to cause intrinsic apoptotic cell death. In vivo, administration of soluble CD52 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine secretion and other features of endotoxic shock, whereas genetic deletion of CD52 exacerbates LPS responses. Thus, soluble CD52 exhibits broad immune suppressive effects that signify its potential as an immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rashidi
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alana M Neale
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Swarna L Vijayaraj
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robert O'Donoghue
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- CSIRO Manufacturing and Node of the National Biologics Facility, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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14
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Landen JW, Cohen S, Billing CB, Cronenberger C, Styren S, Burstein AH, Sattler C, Lee JH, Jack CR, Kantarci K, Schwartz PF, Duggan WT, Zhao Q, Sprenger K, Bednar MM, Binneman B. Multiple-dose ponezumab for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: Safety and efficacy. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2017; 3:339-347. [PMID: 29067341 PMCID: PMC5651443 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple intravenous doses of ponezumab, an anti-amyloid antibody, were evaluated in subjects with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS In part A, 77 subjects were randomized to ponezumab 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg (75 treated) and 26 to placebo (24 treated). In part B, 63 subjects were randomized and treated with ponezumab 3 or 8.5 mg/kg and 32 with placebo. Subjects received 10 infusions over 18 months and were followed for 6 months thereafter. RESULTS Ponezumab was generally safe and well tolerated. Most common adverse events were fall (16.7% ponezumab, 21.4% placebo), headache (13.8%, 21.4%), and cerebral microhemorrhage (13.8%, 19.6%). Plasma ponezumab increased dose-dependently with limited accumulation. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration was low. Plasma Aβ1-x and Aβ1-40 showed robust increases, but cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers showed no dose response. Ponezumab had no effects on cognitive/functional outcomes or brain volume. CONCLUSIONS Multiple-dose ponezumab was generally safe, but not efficacious, in mild-to-moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Cohen
- Toronto Memory Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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15
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Prodjinotho UF, von Horn C, Debrah AY, Batsa Debrah L, Albers A, Layland LE, Hoerauf A, Adjobimey T. Pathological manifestations in lymphatic filariasis correlate with lack of inhibitory properties of IgG4 antibodies on IgE-activated granulocytes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005777. [PMID: 28742098 PMCID: PMC5542694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites are known to be efficient modulators of their host's immune system. To guarantee their own survival, they induce alongside the classical Th2 a strong regulatory response with high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and elevated plasma levels of IgG4. This particular antibody was shown in different models to exhibit immunosuppressive properties. How IgG4 affects the etiopathology of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is however not well characterized. Here we investigate the impact of plasma and affinity-purified IgG/IgG4 fractions from endemic normals (EN) and LF infected pathology patients (CP), asymptomatic microfilaraemic (Mf+) and amicrofilaraemic (Mf-) individuals on IgE/IL3 activated granulocytes. The activation and degranulation states were investigated by monitoring the expression of CD63/HLADR and the release of granule contents (neutrophil elastase (NE), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and histamine) respectively by flow cytometry and ELISA. We could show that the activation of granulocytes was inhibited in the presence of plasma from EN and Mf+ individuals whereas those of Mf- and CP presented no effect. This inhibitory capacity was impaired upon depletion of IgG in Mf+ individuals but persisted in IgG-depleted plasma from EN, where it strongly correlated with the expression of IgA. In addition, IgA-depleted fractions failed to suppress granulocyte activation. Strikingly, affinity-purified IgG4 antibodies from EN, Mf+ and Mf- individuals bound granulocytes and inhibited activation and the release of ECP, NE and histamine. In contrast, IgG4 from CP could not bind granulocytes and presented no suppressive capacity. Reduction of both the affinity to, and the suppressive properties of anti-inflammatory IgG4 on granulocytes was reached only when FcγRI and II were blocked simultaneously. These data indicate that IgG4 antibodies from Mf+, Mf- and EN, in contrast to those of CP, natively exhibit FcγRI/II-dependent suppressive properties on granulocytes. Our findings suggest that quantitative and qualitative alterations in IgG4 molecules are associated with the different clinical phenotypes in LF endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich F. Prodjinotho
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Horn
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alex Y. Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anna Albers
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura E. Layland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Bonn-Cologne Site, German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomabu Adjobimey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
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16
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Hinge-deleted IgG4 blocker therapy for acetylcholine receptor myasthenia gravis in rhesus monkeys. Sci Rep 2017; 7:992. [PMID: 28428630 PMCID: PMC5430546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against ion channels are the cause of numerous neurologic autoimmune disorders. Frequently, such pathogenic autoantibodies have a restricted epitope-specificity. In such cases, competing antibody formats devoid of pathogenic effector functions (blocker antibodies) have the potential to treat disease by displacing autoantibodies from their target. Here, we have used a model of the neuromuscular autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to test the therapeutic potential of a new blocker antibody: MG was induced by passive transfer of pathogenic acetylcholine receptor-specific monoclonal antibody IgG1-637. The effect of the blocker antibody (IgG4Δhinge-637, the hinge-deleted IgG4 version of IgG1-637) was assessed using decrement measurements and single-fiber electromyography. Three daily doses of 1.7 mg/kg IgG1-637 (cumulative dose 5 mg/kg) induced impairment of neuromuscular transmission, as demonstrated by significantly increased jitter, synaptic transmission failures (blockings) and a decrease in the amplitude of the compound muscle action potentials during repeated stimulations (decrement), without showing overt symptoms of muscle weakness. Treatment with three daily doses of 10 mg/kg IgG4Δhinge-637 significantly reduced the IgG1-637-induced increase in jitter, blockings and decrement. Together, these results represent proof-of principle data for therapy of acetylcholine receptor-myasthenia gravis with a monovalent antibody format that blocks binding of pathogenic autoantibodies.
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17
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Zhao J, Ma B, Nussinov R. Compilation and Analysis of Enzymes, Engineered Antibodies, and Nanoparticles Designed to Interfere with Amyloid-β Aggregation. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.; Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.; Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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18
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Crescioli S, Correa I, Karagiannis P, Davies AM, Sutton BJ, Nestle FO, Karagiannis SN. IgG4 Characteristics and Functions in Cancer Immunity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 26742760 PMCID: PMC4705142 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IgG4 is the least abundant subclass of IgG in normal human serum, but elevated IgG4 levels are triggered in response to a chronic antigenic stimulus and inflammation. Since the immune system is exposed to tumor-associated antigens over a relatively long period of time, and tumors notoriously promote inflammation, it is unsurprising that IgG4 has been implicated in certain tumor types. Despite differing from other IgG subclasses by only a few amino acids, IgG4 possesses unique structural characteristics that may be responsible for its poor effector function potency and immunomodulatory properties. We describe the unique attributes of IgG4 that may be responsible for these regulatory functions, particularly in the cancer context. We discuss the inflammatory conditions in tumors that support IgG4, the emerging and proposed mechanisms by which IgG4 may contribute to tumor-associated escape from immune surveillance and implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Anna M Davies
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Brian J Sutton
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK. .,St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings' College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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19
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Bogdanovich S, Kim Y, Mizutani T, Yasuma R, Tudisco L, Cicatiello V, Bastos-Carvalho A, Kerur N, Hirano Y, Baffi JZ, Tarallo V, Li S, Yasuma T, Arpitha P, Fowler BJ, Wright CB, Apicella I, Greco A, Brunetti A, Ruvo M, Sandomenico A, Nozaki M, Ijima R, Kaneko H, Ogura Y, Terasaki H, Ambati BK, Leusen JH, Langdon WY, Clark MR, Armour KL, Bruhns P, Verbeek JS, Gelfand BD, De Falco S, Ambati J. Human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1. [PMID: 26918197 PMCID: PMC4763941 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in diseases affecting nearly 10% of the world’s population. The most widely used anti-angiogenic drug is bevacizumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human VEGFA. Although bevacizumab does not recognize mouse Vegfa, it inhibits angiogenesis in mice. Here we show bevacizumab suppressed angiogenesis in three mouse models not via Vegfa blockade but rather Fc-mediated signaling through FcγRI (CD64) and c-Cbl, impairing macrophage migration. Other approved humanized or human IgG1 antibodies without mouse targets (adalimumab, alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, omalizumab, palivizumab and tocilizumab), mouse IgG2a, and overexpression of human IgG1-Fc or mouse IgG2a-Fc, also inhibited angiogenesis in wild-type and FcγR humanized mice. This anti-angiogenic effect was abolished by Fcgr1 ablation or knockdown, Fc cleavage, IgG-Fc inhibition, disruption of Fc-FcγR interaction, or elimination of FcRγ-initated signaling. Furthermore, bevacizumab’s Fc region potentiated its anti-angiogenic activity in humanized VEGFA mice. Finally, mice deficient in FcγRI exhibited increased developmental and pathological angiogenesis. These findings reveal an unexpected anti-angiogenic function for FcγRI and a potentially concerning off-target effect of hIgG1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Bogdanovich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Younghee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Takeshi Mizutani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reo Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Laura Tudisco
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cicatiello
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy; Bio-Ker, MultiMedica Group, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Bastos-Carvalho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nagaraj Kerur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yoshio Hirano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Judit Z Baffi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Valeria Tarallo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Shengjian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Arpitha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles B Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ivana Apicella
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Miho Nozaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Ijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ogura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeanette Hw Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael R Clark
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn L Armour
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1222, Paris, France
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bradley D Gelfand
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sandro De Falco
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Irani V, Guy AJ, Andrew D, Beeson JG, Ramsland PA, Richards JS. Molecular properties of human IgG subclasses and their implications for designing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against infectious diseases. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:171-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Fc-Gamma receptor polymorphism and gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer receiving single-agent trastuzumab. Breast Cancer 2015; 23:624-32. [PMID: 25962696 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-015-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving trastuzumab. We also evaluated the effect of Fc-gamma receptor genotype on trastuzumab-driven gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression was assessed by microarray analyses before and after administration of single-agent trastuzumab in 34 patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who were genotyped for Fc-gamma receptor (FcGR) IIA H131R and FcGRIIIA V158F. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the gene sets that were significantly enriched after administration of trastuzumab in patient cohorts categorized by FcGR variant. RESULTS At baseline three non-immune-related gene sets were identified only in patient cohort of FcGRIIA non-H/H variant. Thirty gene sets were identified in the cohort of FcGRIIIA V/V variants, while no gene set was identified in FcGRIIIA non-V/V variants one week after starting trastuzumab. Eleven gene sets were identified in FcGRIIA H/H variants 8 week after starting trastuzumab, but none in non-H/H variants. Immune-related gene sets were significantly down-regulated after administration of trastuzumab. CONCLUSION The response of PBMCs to trastuzumab markedly varied with polymorphisms in FcGRIIA and FcGRIIIA. These results indicate that FcGR polymorphisms contribute to the systemic immune reaction triggered by trastuzumab. Further investigations are needed to clarify the biological effects of FcGR variation on the mechanism of trastuzumab activity.
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Lacy SE, Wu C, Ambrosi DJ, Hsieh CM, Bose S, Miller R, Conlon DM, Tarcsa E, Chari R, Ghayur T, Kamath RV. Generation and characterization of ABT-981, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig(TM)) molecule that specifically and potently neutralizes both IL-1α and IL-1β. MAbs 2015; 7:605-19. [PMID: 25764208 PMCID: PMC4622731 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1026501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra contribute to immune regulation and inflammatory processes by exerting a wide range of cellular responses, including expression of cytokines and chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and nitric oxide synthetase. IL-1α and IL-1β bind to IL-1R1 complexed to the IL-1 receptor accessory protein and induce similar physiological effects. Preclinical and clinical studies provide significant evidence for the role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), including cartilage degradation, bone sclerosis, and synovial proliferation. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of ABT-981, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig) of the IgG1/k subtype that specifically and potently neutralizes IL-1α and IL-1β. In ABT-981, the IL-1β variable domain resides in the outer domain of the DVD-Ig, whereas the IL-1α variable domain is located in the inner position. ABT-981 specifically binds to IL-1α and IL-1β, and is physically capable of binding 2 human IL-1α and 2 human IL-1β molecules simultaneously. Single-dose intravenous and subcutaneous pharmacokinetics studies indicate that ABT-981 has a half-life of 8.0 to 10.4 d in cynomolgus monkey and 10.0 to 20.3 d in rodents. ABT-981 exhibits suitable drug-like-properties including affinity, potency, specificity, half-life, and stability for evaluation in human clinical trials. ABT-981 offers an exciting new approach for the treatment of OA, potentially addressing both disease modification and symptom relief as a disease-modifying OA drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Lacy
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Chengbin Wu
- Shanghai CP Guojian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Sahana Bose
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Renee Miller
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Donna M Conlon
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Immunology Pharmacology; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Edit Tarcsa
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; DMPK-BA; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Ravi Chari
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Drug Product Development; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Tariq Ghayur
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Rajesh V Kamath
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Foundational Immunology; Worcester, MA USA
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Vidarsson G, Dekkers G, Rispens T. IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:520. [PMID: 25368619 PMCID: PMC4202688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1638] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the five immunoglobulin isotypes, immunoglobulin G (IgG) is most abundant in human serum. The four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, which are highly conserved, differ in their constant region, particularly in their hinges and upper CH2 domains. These regions are involved in binding to both IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR) and C1q. As a result, the different subclasses have different effector functions, both in terms of triggering FcγR-expressing cells, resulting in phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and activating complement. The Fc-regions also contain a binding epitope for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), responsible for the extended half-life, placental transport, and bidirectional transport of IgG to mucosal surfaces. However, FcRn is also expressed in myeloid cells, where it participates in both phagocytosis and antigen presentation together with classical FcγR and complement. How these properties, IgG-polymorphisms and post-translational modification of the antibodies in the form of glycosylation, affect IgG-function will be the focus of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Gillian Dekkers
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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Armour KL, Smith CS, Ip NCY, Ellison CJ, Kirton CM, Wilkes AM, Williamson LM, Clark MR. Clearance of human IgG1-sensitised red blood cells in vivo in humans relates to the in vitro properties of antibodies from alternative cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109463. [PMID: 25302805 PMCID: PMC4193810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously produced a recombinant version of the human anti-RhD antibody Fog-1 in the rat myeloma cell line, YB2/0. When human, autologous RhD-positive red blood cells (RBC) were sensitised with this IgG1 antibody and re-injected, they were cleared much more rapidly from the circulation than had been seen earlier with the original human-mouse heterohybridoma-produced Fog-1. Since the IgG have the same amino acid sequence, this disparity is likely to be due to alternative glycosylation that results from the rat and mouse cell lines. By comparing the in vitro properties of YB2/0-produced Fog-1 IgG1 and the same antibody produced in the mouse myeloma cell line NS0, we now have a unique opportunity to pinpoint the cause of the difference in ability to clear RBC in vivo. Using transfected cell lines that express single human FcγR, we showed that IgG1 made in YB2/0 and NS0 cell lines bound equally well to receptors of the FcγRI and FcγRII classes but that the YB2/0 antibody was superior in FcγRIII binding. When measuring complexed IgG binding, the difference was 45-fold for FcγRIIIa 158F, 20-fold for FcγRIIIa 158V and approximately 40-fold for FcγRIIIb. The dissimilarity was greater at 100-fold in monomeric IgG binding assays with FcγRIIIa. When used to sensitise RBC, the YB2/0 IgG1 generated 100-fold greater human NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and had a 103-fold advantage over the NS0 antibody in activating NK cells, as detected by CD54 levels. In assays of monocyte activation and macrophage adherence/phagocytosis, where FcγRI plays major roles, RBC sensitised with the two antibodies produced much more similar results. Thus, the alternative glycosylation profiles of the Fog-1 antibodies affect only FcγRIII binding and FcγRIII-mediated functions. Relating this to the in vivo studies confirms the importance of FcγRIII in RBC clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Armour
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Cheryl S. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha C. Y. Ip
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cara J. Ellison
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lorna M. Williamson
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Armour KL, Smith CS, Turner CP, Kirton CM, Wilkes AM, Hadley AG, Ghevaert C, Williamson LM, Clark MR. Low-affinity FcγR interactions can decide the fate of novel human IgG-sensitised red blood cells and platelets. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:905-14. [PMID: 24285214 PMCID: PMC4209800 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
G1Δnab is a mutant human IgG1 constant region with a lower ability to interact with FcγR than the natural IgG constant regions. Radiolabelled RBCs and platelets sensitised with specific G1Δnab Abs were cleared more slowly from human circulation than IgG1-sensitised counterparts. However, non-destructive splenic retention of G1Δnab-coated RBCs required investigation and plasma radioactivities now suggest this also occurred for platelets sensitised with an IgG1/G1Δnab mixture. In vitro assays with human cells showed that G1Δnab-sensitised RBCs did not cause FcγRI-mediated monocyte activation, FcγRIIIa-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or macrophage phagocytosis although they did adhere to macrophages. Thus, FcγRII was implicated in the adhesion despite the Δnab mutation reducing the already low-affinity binding to this receptor class. Additional contacts via P-selectin enhance the interaction of sensitised platelets with monocytes and this system provided evidence of FcγRII-dependent activation by G1Δnab. These results emphasise the physiological relevance of low-affinity interactions: It appears that FcγRII interactions of G1Δnab allowed splenic retention of G1Δnab-coated RBCs with inhibitory FcγRIIb binding preventing RBC destruction and that FcγRIIb engagement by G1Δnab on IgG1/G1Δnab-sensitised platelets overcame activation by IgG1. Considering therapeutic blocking Abs, G1Δnab offers lower FcγR binding and a greater bias towards inhibition than IgG2 and IgG4 constant regions.
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Safety and pharmacology of a single intravenous dose of ponezumab in subjects with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease: a phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation study. Clin Neuropharmacol 2013; 36:14-23. [PMID: 23334070 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0b013e31827db49b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ponezumab is a humanized antiamyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibody designed to treat Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, single-dose-escalation study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg ponezumab (n = 4, 4, 4, 6, and 8, respectively) versus placebo (n = 11) after a 2-hour intravenous infusion in subjects with mild-to-moderate AD. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from the 1- and 10-mg/kg groups at baseline and at day 29. The subjects were followed for 1 year. RESULTS All subjects completed the trial. Ponezumab was well tolerated with no drug-attributed serious adverse events. The most common adverse events were upper respiratory tract infection, headache, and back pain, all mild to moderate. One subject (10 mg/kg) experienced a mild hypersensitivity reaction. Another subject (0.1 mg/kg) demonstrated slight enlargement of a preexisting midbrain lesion. Electrocardiography and laboratory values (including CSF) were unremarkable. No evidence of new microhemorrhage, vasogenic edema, or meningoencephalitis was noted. Plasma maximum observed concentration increased approximately dose proportionally, and the area under the plasma concentration-time profile from time zero extrapolated to infinite time (AUC(inf)) increased slightly more than dose proportionally. Mean terminal half-life was approximately 6 weeks. Two subjects (10 mg/kg) had measurable CSF ponezumab concentrations (~0.5% of plasma values) at day 29. Plasma Aβ(1-x) and Aβ(1-40) increased dose dependently, and mean CSF Aβ(1-x) increased 38% from baseline with 10 mg/kg (P = 0.002 vs placebo). CONCLUSIONS A 2-hour infusion of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg ponezumab was well tolerated in subjects with mild-to-moderate AD. Plasma pharmacokinetic profile was approximately linear. Plasma Aβ increased with dose, and CSF Aβ increased at the highest dose, suggesting that intravenous ponezumab alters central Aβ levels.
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Gieffers C, Kluge M, Merz C, Sykora J, Thiemann M, Schaal R, Fischer C, Branschädel M, Abhari BA, Hohenberger P, Fulda S, Fricke H, Hill O. APG350 induces superior clustering of TRAIL receptors and shows therapeutic antitumor efficacy independent of cross-linking via Fcγ receptors. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2735-47. [PMID: 24101228 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can be specifically driven into apoptosis by activating Death-receptor-4 (DR4; TRAIL-R1) and/or Death-receptor-5 (DR5; TRAIL-R2). Albeit showing promising preclinical efficacy, first-generation protein therapeutics addressing this pathway, especially agonistic anti-DR4/DR5-monoclonal antibodies, have not been clinically successful to date. Due to their bivalent binding mode, effective apoptosis induction by agonistic TRAIL-R antibodies is achieved only upon additional events leading to antibody-multimer formation. The binding of these multimers to their target subsequently leads to effective receptor-clustering on cancer cells. The research results presented here report on a new class of TRAIL-receptor agonists overcoming this intrinsic limitation observed for antibodies in general. The main feature of these agonists is a TRAIL-mimic consisting of three TRAIL-protomer subsequences combined in one polypeptide chain, termed the single-chain TRAIL-receptor-binding domain (scTRAIL-RBD). In the active compounds, two scTRAIL-RBDs with three receptor binding sites each are brought molecularly in close proximity resulting in a fusion protein with a hexavalent binding mode. In the case of APG350-the prototype of this engineering concept-this is achieved by fusing the Fc-part of a human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-mutein C-terminally to the scTRAIL-RBD polypeptide, thereby creating six receptor binding sites per drug molecule. In vitro, APG350 is a potent inducer of apoptosis on human tumor cell lines and primary tumor cells. In vivo, treatment of mice bearing Colo205-xenograft tumors with APG350 showed a dose-dependent antitumor efficacy. By dedicated muteins, we confirmed that the observed in vivo efficacy of the hexavalent scTRAIL-RBD fusion proteins is-in contrast to agonistic antibodies-independent of FcγR-based cross-linking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gieffers
- Corresponding Author: Oliver Hill, Apogenix GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. Phone: 49-6221-58608-18; Fax: 49-6221-58608-10; E-Mail:
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Tailoring immunoglobulin Fc for highly potent and serum-stable therapeutic antibodies. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bandala-Sanchez E, Zhang Y, Reinwald S, Dromey JA, Lee BH, Qian J, Böhmer RM, Harrison LC. T cell regulation mediated by interaction of soluble CD52 with the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:741-8. [PMID: 23685786 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functionally diverse T cell populations interact to maintain homeostasis of the immune system. We found that human and mouse antigen-activated T cells with high expression of the lymphocyte surface marker CD52 suppressed other T cells. CD52(hi)CD4(+) T cells were distinct from CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Their suppression was mediated by soluble CD52 released by phospholipase C. Soluble CD52 bound to the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10 and impaired phosphorylation of the T cell receptor-associated kinases Lck and Zap70 and T cell activation. Humans with type 1 diabetes had a lower frequency and diminished function of CD52(hi)CD4(+) T cells responsive to the autoantigen GAD65. In diabetes-prone mice of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) strain, transfer of lymphocyte populations depleted of CD52(hi) cells resulted in a substantially accelerated onset of diabetes. Our studies identify a ligand-receptor mechanism of T cell regulation that may protect humans and mice from autoimmune disease.
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Recombinant HPA-1a antibody therapy for treatment of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: proof of principle in human volunteers. Blood 2013; 122:313-20. [PMID: 23656729 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-481887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, caused by the maternal generation of antibodies against fetal human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a), can result in intracranial hemorrhage and intrauterine death. We have developed a therapeutic human recombinant high-affinity HPA-1a antibody (B2G1Δnab) that competes for binding to the HPA-1a epitope but carries a modified constant region that does not bind to Fcγ receptors. In vitro studies with a range of clinical anti-HPA-1a sera have shown that B2G1Δnab blocks monocyte chemiluminescence by >75%. In this first-in-man study, we demonstrate that HPA-1a1b autologous platelets (matching fetal phenotype) sensitized with B2G1Δnab have the same intravascular survival as unsensitized platelets (190 hours), while platelets sensitized with a destructive immunoglobulin G1 version of the antibody (B2G1) are cleared from the circulation in 2 hours. Mimicking the situation in fetuses receiving B2G1Δnab as therapy, we show that platelets sensitized with a combination of B2G1 (representing destructive HPA-1a antibody) and B2G1Δnab survive 3 times as long in circulation compared with platelets sensitized with B2G1 alone. This confirms the therapeutic potential of B2G1Δnab. The efficient clearance of platelets sensitized with B2G1 also opens up the opportunity to carry out studies of prophylaxis to prevent alloimmunization in HPA-1a-negative mothers.
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Structural Basis of C-terminal β-Amyloid Peptide Binding by the Antibody Ponezumab for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:525-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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In vitro cytokine release assays: reducing the risk of adverse events in man. Bioanalysis 2012; 3:2657-63. [PMID: 22136053 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of cytokine release is a common consequence of the administration of therapeutic antibodies and in most cases is either tolerated by the patient or can be managed clinically by the administration of corticosteroids. However, in 2006, the administration of TGN1412 to six patients in a Phase I trial resulted in a unprecedentedly high level of cytokine release, systemic organ failure and the hospitalization of the subjects. Whilst the path to failure in this incident was multifactorial, at least one contributing factor was the lack of a robust in vitro model that would allow the prediction of the in vivo activity of a therapeutic antibody. In this article we review the current 'state of the art' of in vitro cytokine release assays and explore potential future developments.
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Abstract
Antibodies make up the largest, growing segment of protein therapeutics in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The development or engineering of therapeutic antibodies is based to a large extent on our knowledge of antibody structure and requires sophisticated methods that continue to evolve. In this chapter, after a review of what is known about the structure and functional properties of antibodies, the current, state-of-the-art antibody engineering methods are described. These methods include antibody humanization, antigen-affinity optimization, Fc engineering for modulated effector function and extended half-life, and engineering for improved stability and biophysical properties. X-ray crystallographic structures of antibody fragments and their complexes can play a critical role in guiding and, in some cases, accelerating these processes. These approaches represent guidelines for developing antibody therapeutics with the desired affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties.
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Liang Y, Qiu H, Glinka Y, Lazarus AH, Ni H, Prud'homme GJ, Wang Q. Immunity against a therapeutic xenoprotein/Fc construct delivered by gene transfer is reduced through binding to the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb. J Gene Med 2011; 13:470-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Liang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St Michael's Hospital; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Hongmin Qiu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St Michael's Hospital; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Yelena Glinka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Alan H. Lazarus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Gerald J. Prud'homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
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Anti-amyloid therapy protects against retinal pigmented epithelium damage and vision loss in a model of age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:E279-87. [PMID: 21690377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100901108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual dysfunction worldwide. Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, Aβ1-40 (Aβ40) and Aβ1-42 (Aβ42), have been implicated previously in the AMD disease process. Consistent with a pathogenic role for Aβ, we show here that a mouse model of AMD that invokes multiple factors that are known to modify AMD risk (aged human apolipoprotein E 4 targeted replacement mice on a high-fat, cholesterol-enriched diet) presents with Aβ-containing deposits basal to the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), histopathologic changes in the RPE, and a deficit in scotopic electroretinographic response, which is reflective of impaired visual function. Strikingly, these electroretinographic deficits are abrogated in a dose-dependent manner by systemic administration of an antibody targeting the C termini of Aβ40 and Aβ42. Concomitant reduction in the levels of Aβ and activated complement components in sub-RPE deposits and structural preservation of the RPE are associated with anti-Aβ40/42 antibody immunotherapy and visual protection. These observations are consistent with the reduction in amyloid plaques and improvement of cognitive function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease treated with anti-Aβ antibodies. They also implicate Aβ in the pathogenesis of AMD and identify Aβ as a viable therapeutic target for its treatment.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent descriptions of the group of clinical disorders collectively defined as IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) have prompted this review of the unique biology of the IgG4 antibody. This article will discuss IgG4 structure and function, the unique phenomenon of half-antibody exchange, and the implications of IgG4 biology for its proposed role in immunologic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS IgG4 antibodies have unique structural and functional properties and undergo 'half-antibody exchange' in vivo, resulting in recombined antibodies composed of two different binding specificities. The production of IgG4 antibodies appears to be driven in part by T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines that mediate allergic responses and IgE production. Although serum IgG4 levels in healthy individuals vary significantly, data from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suggest tight regulation of individual IgG4 levels over time. IgG4-RSD represents a diverse group of clinical disorders unified by elevated IgG4 levels and specific histopathologic findings. A key unanswered question is whether IgG4, a relatively weak activator of effector cells, is pathogenic in these disorders. SUMMARY IgG4 is a unique antibody biologically and structurally. Increased understanding of its precise role in the clinical syndromes that comprise IgG4-RSD may ultimately elucidate the underlying pathogenesis.
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Lightle S, Aykent S, Lacher N, Mitaksov V, Wells K, Zobel J, Oliphant T. Mutations within a human IgG2 antibody form distinct and homogeneous disulfide isomers but do not affect Fc gamma receptor or C1q binding. Protein Sci 2010; 19:753-62. [PMID: 20120022 DOI: 10.1002/pro.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human IgG2 antibodies may exist in at least three distinct structural isomers due to disulfide shuffling within the upper hinge region. Antibody interactions with Fc gamma receptors and the complement component C1q contribute to immune effector functions. These interactions could be impacted by the accessibility and structure of the hinge region. To examine the role structural isomers may have on effector functions, a series of cysteine to serine mutations were made on a human IgG2 backbone. We observed structural homogeneity with these mutants and mapped the locations of their disulfide bonds. Importantly, there was no observed difference in binding to any of the Fc gamma receptors or C1q between the mutants and the wild-type IgG2. However, differences were seen in the apparent binding affinity of these antibodies that were dependent on the selection of the secondary detection antibody used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lightle
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
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Hombach A, Hombach AA, Abken H. Adoptive immunotherapy with genetically engineered T cells: modification of the IgG1 Fc 'spacer' domain in the extracellular moiety of chimeric antigen receptors avoids 'off-target' activation and unintended initiation of an innate immune response. Gene Ther 2010; 17:1206-13. [PMID: 20555360 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs, immunoreceptors) are frequently used to redirect T cells with pre-defined specificity, in particular towards tumour cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases. Specific targeting is mediated by an extracellularly located antibody-derived binding domain, which is joined to the transmembrane and intracellular CD3ζ moiety for T-cell activation. Stable CAR expression in T cells, however, requires a spacer domain interposed between the binding and the transmembrane domain and which is commonly the constant IgG1 Fc domain. We here revealed that CARs with Fc spacer domain bind to IgG Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), thereby unintentionally activating innate immune cells, including monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, which consequently secrete high amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Engineered T cells, on the other hand, are likewise activated by FcγR binding resulting in cytokine secretion and lysis of monocytes and NK cells independently of the redirected specificity. To reduce FcγR binding, we modified the spacer domain without affecting CAR expression and antigen binding. Engineered with the modified CAR, T cells are not activated in presence of FcγR(+) cells, thereby minimizing the risk of off-target activation while preserving their redirected targeting specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hombach
- Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin Köln, and Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, Köln, Germany
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An Z, Forrest G, Moore R, Cukan M, Haytko P, Huang L, Vitelli S, Zhao JZ, Lu P, Hua J, Gibson CR, Harvey BR, Montgomery D, Zaller D, Wang F, Strohl W. IgG2m4, an engineered antibody isotype with reduced Fc function. MAbs 2010; 1:572-9. [PMID: 20073128 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.1.6.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc region of an antibody mediates effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and plays a key role in the in vivo half-life of an antibody. In designing antibody therapeutics, it is sometimes desirable that the antibody has altered Fc-mediated properties. In the case of a "benign blocker" antibody, it is often desirable to diminish or abolish the ADCC and CDC functions while retaining its PK profile. Here, we report a novel engineered IgG isotype, IgG2m4, with reduced Fc functionality. IgG2m4 is based on the IgG2 isotype with four key amino acid residue changes derived from IgG4 (H268Q, V309L, A330S and P331S). An IgG2m4 antibody has an overall reduction in complement and Fc gamma receptor binding in in vitro binding analyses while maintaining the normal in vivo serum half-life in rhesus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang An
- Department of Biologics Research, West Point, PA, USA
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Beck A, Reichert JM, Wurch T. 5th European Antibody Congress 2009: November 30–December 2, 2009, Geneva, Switzerland. MAbs 2010; 2:108-28. [PMID: 20179425 PMCID: PMC2840230 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.2.11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Physico-Chemistry Department, Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint Julien en Genevois, France.
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Runnels HA, Weber GL, Min J, Kudlacz EM, Zobel JF, Donovan CB, Thiede MA, Zhang J, Alpert RB, Salafia MA, Milici AJ, Burdette D, Bell RR, Beebe JS, Xu X. PF-03475952: a potent and neutralizing fully human anti-CD44 antibody for therapeutic applications in inflammatory diseases. Adv Ther 2010; 27:168-80. [PMID: 20429046 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule believed to play a critical role in T cell and monocyte infiltration in the inflammatory process. The reduction of CD44 expression or its ability to properly interact with its key ligand, hyaluronic acid (HA), inhibits migration and subsequent activation of cells within sites of inflammation. CD44-deficient mice exhibit decreased disease in a mouse arthritis model. METHODS Accordingly, we developed PF-03475952, a fully human IgG2 anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody (mAb). RESULTS Binding of PF-03475952 to CD44 inhibits binding of HA and induces loss of CD44 from the cell surface. PF-03475952 also passed a series of safety pharmacology assays designed to assess the risk of the mAb to bind Fc gamma receptors, stimulate cytokine release from human whole blood, and stimulate cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using plate-bound antibodies. The latter assay was designed specifically to evaluate the risk of cytokine storm that had been observed with TGN1412 (immunostimulatory CD28 superagonist mAb). PF-003475952 exhibits high-affinity binding to both human and cynomolgus monkey CD44, but does not cross-react with rodent CD44. Thus, a rat anti-mouse CD44 mAb was used to demonstrate a dose-dependent decrease of disease in mouse collagen-induced arthritis. Importantly, efficacy was correlated with >50% loss of cell surface CD44 on circulating cells. Loss of CD44 expression on CD3+ lymphocytes was monitored following a single dose of PF-03475952 in cynomolgus monkeys as a pharmacodynamic marker. The recovery of CD44 expression was found to be dose-dependent. PF-03475952 doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg reduced CD44 expression below 50% for 218, 373, and >504 hours, respectively. CONCLUSION Targeting of CD44 is a unique mechanism of action in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and is expected to reduce joint damage induced by inflammatory mediators, resulting in disease modification in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Cytokines/blood
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use
- Macaca fascicularis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Platelet Activation/drug effects
- Protein Binding
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert A Runnels
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, St. Louis Laboratories, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
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Vega MI, Huerta-Yepez S, Martinez-Paniagua M, Martinez-Miguel B, Hernandez-Pando R, González-Bonilla CR, Chinn P, Hanna N, Hariharan K, Jazirehi AR, Bonavida B. Rituximab-mediated cell signaling and chemo/immuno-sensitization of drug-resistant B-NHL is independent of its Fc functions. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6582-94. [PMID: 19861448 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rituximab [chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody], alone or combined with chemotherapy, is used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab binds to CD20 and inhibits intracellular survival/growth pathways leading to chemo/immunosensitization of tumor cells in vitro. The contribution of rituximab Fc-FcR interaction in signaling is not known. This study examined the role of Fc-FcR interactions in rituximab-induced signaling using rituximab (Fab')(2) fragments as well as rituximab devoid of the CH2 Fc-binding domain (CH2(-)). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Rituximab (CH2(-)) and rituximab (Fab')(2) were tested for their activity on B-NHL cell lines. Cell signaling and sensitization to chemotherapy and immunotherapy were examined. The in vitro studies were validated in mice bearing tumor xenografts. RESULTS Although the modified antibodies were defective in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity functions, they retained all other biological activities such as inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell aggregation, and apoptosis induction. In addition, similar to rituximab, the modified antibodies inhibited the activity of cell survival/growth pathways and their associated transcription factors (e.g., NF-kappaB, YY1, SP-1), and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT-3), and downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic gene products, such as Bcl-2/Bcl(xl), which regulate drug resistance. The modified antibodies, similar to rituximab, sensitized resistant B-NHL cells to both CDDP and Fas ligand-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment of nude mice bearing Raji tumor cell xenografts with the combination of rituximab (Fab')(2) or rituximab and CDDP resulted in similar and significant inhibition of tumor growth. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that rituximab-mediated inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways and leading to chemo/immuno-sensitization of resistant B-NHL is Fc independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I Vega
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1747, USA
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Rodrigo WWSI, Block OKT, Lane C, Sukupolvi-Petty S, Goncalvez AP, Johnson S, Diamond MS, Lai CJ, Rose RC, Jin X, Schlesinger JJ. Dengue virus neutralization is modulated by IgG antibody subclass and Fcgamma receptor subtype. Virology 2009; 394:175-82. [PMID: 19833371 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection is epidemiologically linked to pre-existing anti-DENV antibodies acquired by maternal transfer or primary infection. A possible explanation is that DENV immune complexes evade neutralization by engaging Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) on monocytes, natural targets for DENV in humans. Using epitope-matched humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and stable FcgammaR-transfected CV-1 cells, we found that DENV neutralization by IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 mAbs was enhanced in high-affinity FcgammaRIA transfectants and diminished in low-affinity FcgammaRIIA transfectants, whereas neutralization by IgG2 mAbs (low-affinity ligands for both FcgammaRs) was diminished equally. In FcgammaR-negative Vero cells, IgG3 mAbs exhibited the strongest neutralizing activity and IgG2, the weakest. Our results demonstrate that DENV neutralization is modulated by the Fc region in an IgG subclass manner, likely through effects on virion and FcgammaR binding. Thus, the IgG antibody subclass profile generated by DENV infection or vaccination may independently influence the magnitude of the neutralizing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Shanaka I Rodrigo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Chames P, Van Regenmortel M, Weiss E, Baty D. Therapeutic antibodies: successes, limitations and hopes for the future. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:220-33. [PMID: 19459844 PMCID: PMC2697811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1145] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 20 molecules in clinical use, monoclonal antibodies have finally come of age as therapeutics, generating a market value of $11 billion in 2004, expected to reach $26 billion by 2010. While delivering interesting results in the treatment of several major diseases including autoimmune, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, cancer and inflammation, clinical trials and research are generating a wealth of useful information, for instance about associations of clinical responses with Fc receptor polymorphisms and the infiltration and recruitment of effector cells into targeted tissues. Some functional limitations of therapeutic antibodies have come to light such as inadequate pharmacokinetics and tissue accessibility as well as impaired interactions with the immune system, and these deficiencies point to areas where additional research is needed. This review aims at giving an overview of the current state of the art and describes the most promising avenues that are being followed to create the next generation of antibody-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Chames
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, CNRS, UPR9027, GDR2352, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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Law CL, Grewal IS. Therapeutic interventions targeting CD40L (CD154) and CD40: the opportunities and challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 647:8-36. [PMID: 19760064 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89520-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD40 was originally identified as a receptor on B-cells that delivers contact-dependent T helper signals to B-cells through interaction with CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154). The pivotal role played by CD40-CD40L interaction is illustrated by the defects in B-lineage cell development and the altered structures of secondary lymphoid tissues in patients and engineered mice deficient in CD40 or CD40L. CD40 signaling also provides critical functions in stimulating antigen presentation, priming of helper and cytotoxic T-cells and a variety of inflammatory reactions. As such, dysregulations in the CD40-CD40L costimulation pathway are prominently featured in human diseases ranging from inflammatory conditions to systemic autoimmunity and tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. Moreover, studies in CD40-expressing cancers have provided convincing evidence that the CD40-CD40L pathway regulates survival of neoplastic cells as well as presentation of tumor-associated antigens to the immune system. Extensive research has been devoted to explore CD40 and CD40L as drug targets. A number of anti-CD40L and anti-CD40 antibodies with diverse biological effects are in clinical development for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. This chapter reviews the role of CD40-CD40L costimulation in disease pathogenesis, the characteristics of therapeutic agents targeting this pathway and status of their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Leung Law
- Department of Preclinical Therapeutics, Seattle Genetics Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, Washington, 98021, USA.
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Berntzen G, Andersen JT, Ustgård K, Michaelsen TE, Mousavi SA, Qian JD, Kristiansen PE, Lauvrak V, Sandlie I. Identification of a high affinity FcgammaRIIA-binding peptide that distinguishes FcgammaRIIA from FcgammaRIIB and exploits FcgammaRIIA-mediated phagocytosis and degradation. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:1126-35. [PMID: 18957413 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803584200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FcgammaRIIA is a key activating receptor linking immune complex formation with cellular effector functions. FcgammaRIIA has 93% identity with an inhibitory receptor, FcgammaRIIB, which negatively regulates FcgammaRIIA. FcgammaRIIA is important in the therapeutic action of several monoclonal antibodies. Binding molecules that discriminate FcgammaRIIA from FcgammaRIIB may optimize receptor activity and serve as a lead for development of therapeutics with FcgammaRIIA as a key target. Here we report the use of phage display libraries to select short peptides with distinct FcgammaRIIA binding properties. An 11-mer peptide (WAWVWLTETAV) was characterized that bound FcgammaRIIA with a K(d) of 500 nm. It mediated cell internalization and degradation of a model antigen. The peptide-binding site on FcgammaRIIA was shown to involve Phe(163) and the IgG binding amino acids Trp(90) and Trp(113). It is thus overlapping but not identical to that of IgG. Neither activating receptors FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIII, nor FcgammaRIIB, all of which lack Phe(163), bound the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gøril Berntzen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Ghevaert C, Wilcox DA, Fang J, Armour KL, Clark MR, Ouwehand WH, Williamson LM. Developing recombinant HPA-1a-specific antibodies with abrogated Fcgamma receptor binding for the treatment of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:2929-38. [PMID: 18654666 DOI: 10.1172/jci34708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FMAIT) is caused by maternal generation of antibodies specific for paternal platelet antigens and can lead to fetal intracranial hemorrhage. A SNP in the gene encoding integrin beta3 causes a clinically important maternal-paternal antigenic difference; Leu33 generates the human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a), whereas Pro33 generates HPA-1b. As a potential treatment to prevent fetal intracranial hemorrhage in HPA-1a alloimmunized pregnancies, we generated an antibody that blocks the binding of maternal HPA-1a-specific antibodies to fetal HPA-1a1b platelets by combining a high-affinity human HPA-1a-specific scFv (B2) with an IgG1 constant region modified to minimize Fcgamma receptor-dependent platelet destruction (G1Deltanab). B2G1Deltanab saturated HPA-1a+ platelets and substantially inhibited binding of clinical HPA-1a-specific sera to HPA-1a+ platelets. The response of monocytes to B2G1Deltanab-sensitized platelets was substantially less than their response to unmodified B2G1, as measured by chemiluminescence. In addition, B2G1Deltanab inhibited chemiluminescence induced by B2G1 and HPA-1a-specific sera. In a chimeric mouse model, B2G1 and polyclonal Ig preparations from clinical HPA-1a-specific sera reduced circulating HPA-1a+ platelets, concomitant with transient thrombocytopenia. As the Deltanab constant region is uninformative in mice, F(ab')2 B2G1 was used as a proof of principle blocking antibody and prevented the in vivo platelet destruction seen with B2G1 and polyclonal HPA-1a-specific antibodies. These results provide rationale for human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Ghevaert
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Brezski RJ, Luongo JL, Petrone D, Ryan MH, Zhong D, Tam SH, Schmidt AP, Kruszynski M, Whitaker BP, Knight DM, Jordan RE. Human Anti-IgG1 Hinge Autoantibodies Reconstitute the Effector Functions of Proteolytically Inactivated IgGs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3183-92. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Labrijn AF, Aalberse RC, Schuurman J. When binding is enough: nonactivating antibody formats. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:479-85. [PMID: 18577454 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Most therapeutic antibodies currently used in the clinic are based on the human IgG1 format, which is a bivalent molecule that efficiently interacts with the immune system's effector functions. In clinical applications where binding to the target alone is sufficient for therapeutic efficacy; however, engagement of the immune system is not required and may even cause unwanted side-effects. Likewise, bivalent binding to the target may negatively influence the therapeutic efficacy of an antibody. Here we discuss the state of the art for antibody-based therapeutics, designed to be nonactivating (i.e. do not engage the innate immune system's effector functions), in both monovalent and bivalent formats.
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Martinez T, Guo A, Allen MJ, Han M, Pace D, Jones J, Gillespie R, Ketchem RR, Zhang Y, Balland A. Disulfide connectivity of human immunoglobulin G2 structural isoforms. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7496-508. [PMID: 18549248 DOI: 10.1021/bi800576c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this communication we present the detailed disulfide structure of IgG2 molecules. The consensus structural model of human IgGs represents the hinge region positioned as a flexible linker connecting structurally isolated Fc and Fab domains. IgG2 molecules are organized differently from that model and exhibit multiple structural isoforms composed of (heavy chain-light chain-hinge) covalent complexes. We describe the precise connection of all the disulfide bridges and show that the IgG2 C H1 and C-terminal C L cysteine residues are either linked to each other or to the two upper hinge cysteine residues specific to the IgG2 subclass. A defined arrangement of these disulfide bridges is unique to each isoform. Mutation of a single cysteine residue in the hinge region eliminates these natural complexes. These results show that IgG2 structure is significantly different from the conventionally accepted immunoglobulin structural model and may help to explain some of the unique biological activity attributed only to this subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Martinez
- Department of Analytical and Formulation Sciences, Process and Product Development, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98119, USA
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