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Wang X, Rojas-Quintero J, Zhang D, Nakajima T, Walker KH, Peh HY, Li Y, Fucci QA, Tesfaigzi Y, Owen CA. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-15 deficiency leads to exaggerated cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like disease in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:342-356. [PMID: 32690871 PMCID: PMC8422911 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-15 (ADAM15) is expressed by cells implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but its contributions to COPD are unknown. To address this gap, ADAM15 levels were measured in samples from cigarette smoke (CS)-versus air-exposed wild-type (WT) mice. CS-induced COPD-like disease was compared in CS-exposed WT, Adam15-/-, and Adam15 bone marrow chimeric mice. CS exposure increased Adam15 expression in lung macrophages and CD8+ T cells and to a lesser extent in airway epithelial cells in WT mice. CS-exposed Adam15-/- mice had greater emphysema, small airway fibrosis, and lung inflammation (macrophages and CD8+ T cells) than WT mice. Adam15 bone marrow chimera studies revealed that Adam15 deficiency in leukocytes led to exaggerated pulmonary inflammation and COPD-like disease in mice. Adam15 deficiency in CD8+ T cells was required for the exaggerated pulmonary inflammation and COPD-like disease in CS-exposed Adam15-/- mice (as assessed by genetically deleting CD8+ T cells in Adam15-/- mice). Adam15 deficiency increased pulmonary inflammation by rendering CD8+ T cells and macrophages resistant to CS-induced activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by preserving mTOR signaling and intracellular Mcl-1 levels in these cells. These results strongly link ADAM15 deficiency to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30901, USA,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katherine H. Walker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yuhong Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Quynh-Anh Fucci
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Casamayor-Polo L, López-Nevado M, Paz-Artal E, Anel A, Rieux-Laucat F, Allende LM. Immunologic evaluation and genetic defects of apoptosis in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:253-274. [PMID: 33356695 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1855623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in controlling the adaptive immune response and general homeostasis of the immune cells, and impaired apoptosis in the immune system results in autoimmunity and immune dysregulation. In the last 25 years, inherited human diseases of the Fas-FasL pathway have been recognized. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an inborn error of immunity, characterized clinically by nonmalignant and noninfectious lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, and increased risk of lymphoma due to a defect in lymphocyte apoptosis. The laboratory hallmarks of ALPS are an elevated percentage of T-cell receptor αβ double negative T cells (DNTs), elevated levels of vitamin B12, soluble FasL, IL-10, IL-18 and IgG, and defective in vitro Fas-mediated apoptosis. In order of frequency, the genetic defects associated with ALPS are germinal and somatic ALPS-FAS, ALPS-FASLG, ALPS-CASP10, ALPS-FADD, and ALPS-CASP8. Partial disease penetrance and severity suggest the combination of germline and somatic FAS mutations as well as other risk factor genes. In this report, we summarize human defects of apoptosis leading to ALPS and defects that are known as ALPS-like syndromes that can be clinically similar to, but are genetically distinct from, ALPS. An efficient genetic and immunological diagnostic approach to patients suspected of having ALPS or ALPS-like syndromes is essential because this enables the establishment of specific therapeutic strategies for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casamayor-Polo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta López-Nevado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, University of Zaragoza/Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Frederic Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Luis M Allende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Neitzke DJ, Bowers JS, Andrijauskaite K, O'Connell NS, Garrett-Mayer E, Wrangle J, Li Z, Paulos CM, Cole DJ, Rubinstein MP. Murine Th17 cells utilize IL-2 receptor gamma chain cytokines but are resistant to cytokine withdrawal-induced apoptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:737-751. [PMID: 28280853 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with the Th17 subset of CD4+ T cells can cure established melanoma in preclinical models and holds promise for treating human cancer. However, little is known about the growth factors necessary for optimal engraftment and anti-tumor activity of Th17 cells. Due to the central role of IL-2 receptor gamma chain (IL2Rγ-chain) cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15) in the activity and persistence of many T cell subsets after adoptive transfer, we hypothesized that these cytokines are important for Th17 cells. We found that Th17 cells proliferated in response to IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 in vitro. However, in contrast to many other T cell subsets, including conventionally activated CD8+ T cells, we found that Th17 cells were resistant to apoptosis in the absence of IL2Rγ-chain cytokines. To determine whether Th17 cells utilize IL2Rγ-chain cytokines in vivo, we tracked Th17 cell engraftment after adoptive transfer with or without cytokine depletion. Depletion of IL-7 and/or IL-2 decreased initial engraftment, while depletion of IL-15 did not. Supplementation of IL-2 increased initial Th17 engraftment. To assess the clinical relevance of these findings, we treated melanoma-bearing mice with Th17 cell adoptive transfer and concurrent cytokine depletion or supplementation. We found that simultaneous depletion of IL-2 and IL-7 decreased therapeutic efficacy, depletion of IL-15 had no effect, and IL-2 supplementation increased therapeutic efficacy. Our results show that Th17 cells are responsive to IL2Rγ-chain cytokines, and provide insight into the application of these cytokines for Th17-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Neitzke
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jacob S Bowers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kristina Andrijauskaite
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Nathaniel S O'Connell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - John Wrangle
- Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - David J Cole
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Departments of Surgery, and Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Hollings Cancer Center Room 506, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Pépin A, Espinasse MA, Latré de Laté P, Szely N, Pallardy M, Biola-Vidamment A. TSC-22 Promotes Interleukin-2-Deprivation Induced Apoptosis in T-Lymphocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1855-68. [PMID: 26752201 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Originally described as a TGF-β-inducible gene, tsc-22 (Transforming growth factor-beta Stimulated Clone 22) encodes a transcriptional regulator affecting biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or apoptosis. Along with GILZ (Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper), TSC-22 belongs to the evolutionary conserved TSC-22 Domain family. We previously showed that, in T-lymphocytes, GILZ expression was induced upon IL-2 withdrawal, delaying apoptosis through down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM expression. The aim of this work was then to elucidate the respective roles of GILZ and TSC-22 upon IL-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis. We report here that these two highly homologous genes are concomitantly expressed in most human tissues and in primary T-lymphocytes and that expression of TSC-22 promotes T-lymphocytes apoptosis by inhibiting GILZ functions. Indeed, we demonstrated that TSC-22 expression in the murine lymphoid CTLL-2 cell line promoted IL-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis. BIM expression and caspases-9 and -3 activities were markedly increased in TSC-22 expressing clones compared to control clones. Analysis of GILZ expression revealed that TSC-22 prevented the induction of the GILZ protein upon IL-2 deprivation, by inhibiting gilz mRNA transcription. These results suggested that TSC-22 could counteract the protective effect of GILZ on IL-2-deprivation-induced apoptosis. Moreover, TSC-22-induced inhibition of GILZ expression was also found in CTLL-2 cells treated with glucocorticoids or TGF-β. In the human NKL cell line deprived of IL-2, TSC-22 showed the same effect and thus may represent a potent repressor of GILZ expression in IL-2-dependent cells, independently of the cell type, or the stimulus, leading to an increase of IL-2-deprived T-cells apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1855-1868, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Pépin
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Marie-Alix Espinasse
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Perle Latré de Laté
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Natacha Szely
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Armelle Biola-Vidamment
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
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Nayar S, Dasgupta P, Galustian C. Extending the lifespan and efficacies of immune cells used in adoptive transfer for cancer immunotherapies-A review. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1002720. [PMID: 26155387 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1002720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells used in adoptive cell-transfer immunotherapies against cancer include dendritic cells (DCs), natural-killer cells, and CD8+ T-cells. These cells may have limited efficacy due to their lifespan, activity, and immunosuppressive effects of tumor cells. Therefore, increasing longevity and activity of these cells may boost their efficacy. Four cytokines that can extend immune effector-cell longevity are IL-2, IL-7, IL-21, and IL-15. This review will discuss current knowledge on effector-cell lifespans and the mechanisms by which IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 can extend effector-cell longevity. We will also discuss how lifespan and efficacy of these cells can be regulated to allow optimal clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Nayar
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Kings College London; Guys Hospital ; London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Kings College London; Guys Hospital ; London, UK
| | - Christine Galustian
- MRC Centre for Transplantation; Kings College London; Guys Hospital ; London, UK
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Shenoy AR, Kirschnek S, Häcker G. IL-15 regulates Bcl-2 family members Bim and Mcl-1 through JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways in T cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2500-7. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna R. Shenoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Susanne Kirschnek
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
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van Aalderen MC, Remmerswaal EBM, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. Blood and beyond: properties of circulating and tissue-resident human virus-specific αβ CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:934-44. [PMID: 24448915 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CD8(+) αβ T-cell responses form an essential line of defence against viral infections. An important part of the mechanisms that control the generation and maintenance of these responses have been elucidated in experimental mouse models. In recent years it has become clear that CD8(+) T-cell responses in humans not only show similarities, but also display differences to those occurring in mice. Furthermore, while several viral infections occur primarily in specialised organ systems, for obvious reasons, most human CD8(+) T-cell investigations were performed on cells deriving from the circulation. Indeed, several lines of evidence now point to essential functional differences between virus-specific CD8(+) memory T cells found in the circulation and those providing protection in organ systems, such as the lungs. In this review, we will focus on summarising recent insights into human CD8(+) T-cell differentiation in response to several viruses and emphasise that for a complete understanding of anti-viral immunity, it is pivotal to scrutinize such responses in both blood and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Wensveen FM, van Gisbergen KPJM, Eldering E. The fourth dimension in immunological space: how the struggle for nutrients selects high-affinity lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 2013; 249:84-103. [PMID: 22889217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation via the antigen receptor is associated with radical shifts in metabolism and changes in requirements for nutrients and cytokines. Concomitantly, drastic changes occur in the expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins that alter the sensitivity of lymphocytes to limiting concentrations of key survival factors. Antigen affinity is a primary determinant for the capacity of activated lymphocytes to access these vital resources. The shift in metabolic needs and the variable access to key survival factors is used by the immune system to eliminate activated low-affinity cells and to generate an optimal high-affinity response. In this review, we focus on the control of apoptosis regulators in activated lymphocytes by nutrients, cytokines, and costimulation. We propose that the struggle among individual clones that leads to the formation of high-affinity effector cell populations is in effect an 'invisible' fourth signal required for effective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wensveen FM, van Gisbergen KPJM, Derks IAM, Gerlach C, Schumacher TN, van Lier RAW, Eldering E. Apoptosis threshold set by Noxa and Mcl-1 after T cell activation regulates competitive selection of high-affinity clones. Immunity 2010; 32:754-65. [PMID: 20620942 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system generates protective T cell responses via a poorly understood selection mechanism that favors expansion of clones with optimal affinity for antigen. Here we showed that upon T cell activation, the proapoptotic molecule Noxa (encoded by Pmaip1) and its antagonist Mcl-1 were induced. During an acute immune response against influenza or ovalbumin, Pmaip1(-/-) effector T cells displayed decreased antigen affinity and functionality. Molecular analysis of influenza-specific T cells revealed persistence of many subdominant clones in the Pmaip1(-/-) effector pool. When competing for low-affinity antigen, Pmaip1(-/-) TCR transgenic T cells had a survival advantage in vitro, resulting in increased numbers of effector cells in vivo. Mcl-1 protein stability was controlled by T cell receptor (TCR) affinity-dependent interleukin-2 signaling. These results establish a role for apoptosis early during T cell expansion, based on antigen-driven competition and survival of the fittest T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academical Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee WY, Hampson P, Coulthard L, Ali F, Salmon M, Lord JM, Scheel-Toellner D. Novel antileukemic compound ingenol 3-angelate inhibits T cell apoptosis by activating protein kinase Ctheta. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23889-98. [PMID: 20472553 PMCID: PMC2911273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine-threonine kinases are important regulators of immune cell survival. Ingenol 3-angelate (PEP005) activates a broad range of PKC isoforms and induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells by activating the PKC isoform PKCdelta. We show here that, in contrast to its effect on leukemic cells, PEP005 provides a strong survival signal to resting and activated human T cells. The antiapoptotic effect depends upon the activation of PKC. This PKC isoform is expressed in T cells but is absent in myeloid cells. Further studies of the mechanism involved in this process showed that PEP005 inhibited activated CD8(+) T cell apoptosis through the activation of NFkappaB downstream of PKC, leading to increased expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-x(L). Transfection of CD8(+) T cells with dominant-negative PKC diminished the prosurvival effect of PEP005 significantly. Ectopic expression of PKC in the acute myeloid leukemia cell line NB4 turned their response to PEP005 from an increased to decreased rate of apoptosis. Therefore, in contrast to myeloid leukemia cells, PEP005 provides a strong survival signal to T cells, and the expression of functional PKC influences whether PKC activation leads to an anti- or proapoptotic outcome in the cell types tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yiu Lee
- Medical Research Council, Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Brumatti G, Salmanidis M, Ekert PG. Crossing paths: interactions between the cell death machinery and growth factor survival signals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1619-30. [PMID: 20157838 PMCID: PMC11115775 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors play a crucial role in the maintenance of haematopoietic homeostasis. They transduce signals that regulate the competing commitments of haematopoietic stem cells, quiescence or proliferation, retention of stem cell pluripotency or differentiation, and survival or demise. When the balance between these commitments and the requirements of the organisms is disturbed, particularly when it favours survival and proliferation, cancer may result. Cell death provoked by loss of growth factor signalling is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators, and thus survival messages transduced by growth factors must regulate the activity of these proteins. Many aspects of direct interactions between cytokine signalling and regulation of apoptosis remain elusive. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which cytokines, in particular Interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, promote cell survival and suppress apoptosis as models of how cytokine signalling and apoptotic pathways intersect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brumatti
- Children's Cancer Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Flemington Rd Parkville, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
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Interleukin-7 regulates Bim proapoptotic activity in peripheral T-cell survival. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 30:590-600. [PMID: 19933849 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01006-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is critical for T-cell development and peripheral T-cell homeostasis. The survival of pro-T cells and mature T cells requires IL-7. The survival function of IL-7 is accomplished partly through induction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibition of proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bad. We show here that the proapoptotic protein Bim, a BH3-only protein belonging to the Bcl-2 family, also plays a role in peripheral T-cell survival. Deletion of Bim partially protected an IL-7-dependent T-cell line and peripheral T cells, especially cells with an effector memory phenotype, from IL-7 deprivation. However, T-cell development in the thymus was not restored in IL-7(-/-) Rag2(-/-) mice reconstituted with Bim(-/-) bone marrow. IL-7 withdrawal altered neither the intracellular location of Bim, which was constitutively mitochondrial, nor its association with Bcl-2; however, a reduction in its association with the prosurvival protein Mcl-1 was observed. IL-7 withdrawal did not increase Bim mRNA or protein expression but did induce changes in the isoelectric point of Bim(EL) and its reactivity with an antiphosphoserine antibody. Our findings suggest that the maintenance of peripheral T cells by IL-7 occurs partly through inhibition of Bim activity at the posttranslational level.
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Jailwala P, Waukau J, Glisic S, Jana S, Ehlenbach S, Hessner M, Alemzadeh R, Matsuyama S, Laud P, Wang X, Ghosh S. Apoptosis of CD4+ CD25(high) T cells in type 1 diabetes may be partially mediated by IL-2 deprivation. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6527. [PMID: 19654878 PMCID: PMC2716541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease targeting the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Naturally occurring FOXP3+CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in dominant tolerance, suppressing autoreactive CD4+ effector T cell activity. Previously, in both recent-onset T1D patients and β cell antibody-positive at-risk individuals, we observed increased apoptosis and decreased function of polyclonal Tregs in the periphery. Our objective here was to elucidate the genes and signaling pathways triggering apoptosis in Tregs from T1D subjects. Principal Findings Gene expression profiles of unstimulated Tregs from recent-onset T1D (n = 12) and healthy control subjects (n = 15) were generated. Statistical analysis was performed using a Bayesian approach that is highly efficient in determining differentially expressed genes with low number of replicate samples in each of the two phenotypic groups. Microarray analysis showed that several cytokine/chemokine receptor genes, HLA genes, GIMAP family genes and cell adhesion genes were downregulated in Tregs from T1D subjects, relative to control subjects. Several downstream target genes of the AKT and p53 pathways were also upregulated in T1D subjects, relative to controls. Further, expression signatures and increased apoptosis in Tregs from T1D subjects partially mirrored the response of healthy Tregs under conditions of IL-2 deprivation. CD4+ effector T-cells from T1D subjects showed a marked reduction in IL-2 secretion. This could indicate that prior to and during the onset of disease, Tregs in T1D may be caught up in a relatively deficient cytokine milieu. Conclusions In summary, expression signatures in Tregs from T1D subjects reflect a cellular response that leads to increased sensitivity to apoptosis, partially due to cytokine deprivation. Further characterization of these signaling cascades should enable the detection of genes that can be targeted for restoring Treg function in subjects predisposed to T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthav Jailwala
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes and The Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jill Waukau
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes and The Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sanja Glisic
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes and The Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Srikanta Jana
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes and The Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ehlenbach
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes and The Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Martin Hessner
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes and The Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ramin Alemzadeh
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Diabetes Center, Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shigemi Matsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Purushottam Laud
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xujing Wang
- Department of Physics & the Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes and The Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Regulation of IL-2 expression by transcription factor BACH2 in umbilical cord blood CD4+ T cells. Leukemia 2008; 22:2201-7. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Umbilical cord blood regulatory T-cell expansion and functional effects of tumor necrosis factor receptor family members OX40 and 4-1BB expressed on artificial antigen-presenting cells. Blood 2008; 112:2847-57. [PMID: 18645038 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-132951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that human umbilical cord blood (UCB) regulatory T cells (Tregs) could be expanded approximately 100-fold using anti-CD3/28 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-coated beads to provide T-cell receptor and costimulatory signals. Because Treg numbers from a single UCB unit are limited, we explored the use of cell-based artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) preloaded with anti-CD3/28 mAbs to achieve higher levels of Treg expansion. Compared with beads, aAPCs had similar expansion properties while significantly increasing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) secretion and the potency of Treg suppressor function. aAPCs modified to coexpress OX40L or 4-1BBL expanded UCB Tregs to a significantly greater extent than bead- or nonmodified aAPC cultures, reaching mean expansion levels exceeding 1250-fold. Despite the high expansion and in contrast to studies using other Treg sources, neither OX40 nor 4-1BB signaling of UCB Tregs reduced in vitro suppression. UCB Tregs expanded with 4-1BBL expressing aAPCs had decreased levels of proapoptotic bim. UCB Tregs expanded with nonmodified or modified aAPCs versus beads resulted in higher survival associated with increased Treg persistence in a xeno-geneic graft-versus-host disease lethality model. These data offer a novel approach for UCB Treg expansion using aAPCs, including those coexpressing OX40L or 4-1BBL.
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16
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Bosque A, Aguiló JI, del Rey M, Paz-Artal E, Allende LM, Naval J, Anel A. Cell cycle regulation by FasL and Apo2L/TRAIL in human T-cell blasts. Implications for autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndromes. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:488-98. [PMID: 18483205 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0108043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fas-FasL pathway plays an important role in the homeostasis of mature lymphocytes, with defects causing autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndromes (ALPS). Human T-cell blasts are not sensitive to FasL or Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis unless they get reactivated, but either of those ligands inhibits their growth in the absence of cell death induction due to a cell cycle arrest in S-G2/M. In the present work, we have studied the mechanism(s) by which FasL or Apo2L/TRAIL regulate T-cell blast cell cycle in healthy donors and in two types of ALPS patients. Our data indicate that in human CD8+ T-cell blasts, Fas ligation, and especially Apo2L/TRAIL induce the p53-dependent decrease in cyclin-B1 levels. However, the induction of the negative cell cycle regulator p21WAF1 by FasL or Apo2L/TRAIL in either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell blasts seems to be the main regulatory mechanism. This mechanism is dependent on caspase activation and on H2O2 generation. The increase in p21 levels by FasL or Apo2L/TRAIL is concomitant with p53 increases only in CD8+ T-cell blasts, with p21 levels maintained high for longer times than p53 levels. In CD4+ T-cell blasts p21 levels are controlled through a transient and p53-independent mechanism. The present results suggest that the etiology of ALP syndromes could be related not only to defects in apoptosis induction, but also in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bosque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
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Bosque A, Aguiló JI, Alava MA, Paz-Artal E, Naval J, Allende LM, Anel A. The induction of Bim expression in human T-cell blasts is dependent on nonapoptotic Fas/CD95 signaling. Blood 2006; 109:1627-35. [PMID: 17062728 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-022319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only protein Bim is required for maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system, since Bim regulates the down-modulation of T-cell responses, mainly through cytokine deprivation. Using T-cell blasts from healthy donors and also from patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndromes (ALPSs) due to homozygous loss-of-function mutation of FasL (ALPS-Ic) or heterozygous mutation in the Fas/CD95 death domain (ALPS-Ia), it is shown that the induction of Bim expression during the process of human T-cell blast generation is strictly dependent on FasL/Fas-mediated signaling. The main pathway by which Fas signaling regulates the levels of Bim expression in human T-cell blasts is the death-domain- and caspase-independent generation of discrete levels of H2O2, which results in the net increase of Foxo3a levels. The present results connect the 2 main pathways described until the moment for the control of T-cell responses: death receptor-mediated activation-induced cell death and apoptosis by cytokine deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bosque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, and Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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