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Fang S, Tang H, Li HL, Han TC, Li ZJ, Yin ZS, Chu JJ. CCL2 Knockdown Attenuates Inflammatory Response After Spinal Cord Injury Through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway: Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1433-1447. [PMID: 37721689 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common clinical problem in orthopedics with a lack of effective treatments and drug targets. In the present study, we performed bioinformatic analysis of SCI datasets GSE464 and GSE45006 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database and experimentally validated CCL2 expression in an animal model of SCI. This was followed by stimulation of PC-12 cells using hydrogen peroxide to construct a cellular model of SCI. CCL2 expression was knocked down using small interfering RNA (si-CCL2), and PI3K signaling pathway inhibitors and activators were used to validate and observe the changes in downstream inflammation. Through data mining, we found that the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways after SCI expression were significantly increased, and after peroxide stimulation of PC-12 cells with CCL2 knockdown, their downstream cellular inflammatory factor levels were decreased. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was blocked by PI3K inhibitors, and the downstream inflammatory response was suppressed. In contrast, when PI3K activators were used, the inflammatory response was enhanced, indicating that the CCL2-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. This study revealed that the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 can regulate the inflammatory response of PC-12 cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and blocking the expression of the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of secondary injury after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Ti-Chao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Linquan County People's Hospital, 109 Tong Yang Road, Fuyang, Anhui Province, 236400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Linquan County People's Hospital, 109 Tong Yang Road, Fuyang, Anhui Province, 236400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China.
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2
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Conte JG, Tellechea ML, Park B, Ballerini MG, Jaita G, Peluffo MC. Interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 in the ovulatory cascade. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1161813. [PMID: 37082622 PMCID: PMC10110862 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1161813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is one of the main pathways responsible for propagating the luteinizing hormone (LH) signal throughout the cumulus cells and the oocyte. Recently, we have proposed the C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and its main ligand (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP1) as novel mediators of the ovulatory cascade. Our previous results demonstrate that the gonadotropins (GNT), amphiregulin (AREG), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulation of periovulatory gene mRNA levels occurs, at least in part, through the CCR2/MCP1 pathway, proposing the CCR2 receptor as a novel mediator of the ovulatory cascade in a feline model. For that purpose, feline cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in the presence or absence of an EGFR inhibitor, recombinant chemokine MCP1, and gonadotropins [as an inducer of cumulus-oocyte expansion (C-OE), and oocyte maturation] to further assess the mRNA expression of periovulatory key genes, C-OE, oocyte nuclear maturation, and steroid hormone production. We observed that MCP1 was able to revert the inhibition of AREG mRNA expression by an EGFR inhibitor within the feline COC. In accordance, the confocal analysis showed that the GNT-stimulated hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis, blocked by the EGFR inhibitor, was recovered by the addition of recombinant MCP1 in the C-OE culture media. Also, MCP1 was able to revert the inhibition of progesterone (P4) production by EGFR inhibitor in the C-OE culture media. Regarding oocyte nuclear maturation, recombinant MCP1 could also revert the inhibition triggered by the EGFR inhibitor, leading to a recovery in the percentage of metaphase II (MII)-stage oocytes. In conclusion, our results confirm the chemokine receptor CCR2 as a novel intermediate in the ovulatory cascade and demonstrate that the EGFR/AREG and the CCR2/MCP1 signaling pathways play critical roles in regulating feline C-OE and oocyte nuclear maturation, with CCR2/MCP1 signaling pathway being downstream EGFR/AREG pathway within the ovulatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Conte
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), CONICET—FEI—División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. L. Tellechea
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), CONICET—FEI—División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Park
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - M. G. Ballerini
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), CONICET—FEI—División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G. Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. C. Peluffo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), CONICET—FEI—División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: M. C. Peluffo,
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Al Abadey A, Connor B, Flamme ACL, Robichon K. Clozapine reduces chemokine-mediated migration of lymphocytes by targeting NF-κB and AKT phosphorylation. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110449. [PMID: 36031090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterised by demyelination of axons in the central nervous system. The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine has been shown to attenuate disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model that is useful for the study of multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanism of action by which clozapine reduces disease in EAE is poorly understood. To better understand how clozapine exerts its protective effects, we investigated the underlying signalling pathways by which clozapine may reduce immune cell migration by evaluating chemokine and dopamine receptor-associated signalling pathways. We found that clozapine inhibits migration of immune cells by reducing chemokine production in microglia cells by targeting NF-κB phosphorylation and promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, clozapine directly targets immune cell migration by changing Ca2+ levels within immune cells and reduces the phosphorylation of signalling protein AKT. Linking these pathways to the antagonising effect of clozapine on dopamine and serotonin receptors, we provide insight into how clozapine alters immune cells migration by directly targeting the underlying migration-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Al Abadey
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne Camille La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Katharina Robichon
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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4
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Gao X, Leung TF, Wong GWK, Ko WH, Cai M, He EJ, Chu IMT, Tsang MSM, Chan BCL, Ling J, Fan X, Lu L, Lam CWK, Wong CK. Meteorin-β/Meteorin like/IL-41 attenuates airway inflammation in house dust mite-induced allergic asthma. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:245-259. [PMID: 34848868 PMCID: PMC8803866 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to examine the regulatory effect of Meteorin-β (Metrnβ)/Meteorin like (Metrnl)/IL-41 on lung inflammation in allergic asthma. We found that Metrnβ was elevated significantly in asthmatic patients and in mice with allergic asthma induced by house dust mite (HDM) extract. Upon exposure to HDM, Metrnβ was secreted predominantly by airway epithelial cells and inflammatory cells, including macrophages and eosinophils. The increased Metrnβ effectively blocked the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and decreased inflammatory cell airway infiltration and type 2 cytokine production, which was associated with downregulated DC-mediated adaptive immune responses. Moreover, Metrnβ impaired the maturation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Asthmatic mice adoptively transferred with dendritic cells isolated from Metrnβ-treated allergic mice displayed decreased AHR, airway inflammation, and lung injury. Metrnβ also displayed anti-inflammatory properties in immunodeficient SCID mice with allergic asthma and in in vitro 3D ALI airway models. Moreover, blockade of Metrnβ by anti-Metrnβ antibody treatment promoted the development of allergic asthma. These results revealed the unappreciated protective roles of Metrnβ in alleviating DC-mediated Th2 inflammation in allergic asthma, providing the novel treatment strategy of therapeutic targeting of Metrnβ in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gao
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting-Fan Leung
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Wing-Kin Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hung Ko
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyun Cai
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ellie Jiayi He
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Ida Miu-Ting Chu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Ling
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Fei L, Ren X, Yu H, Zhan Y. Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy: One Stone, Three Birds? Front Immunol 2021; 12:771210. [PMID: 34804061 PMCID: PMC8596464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2 is predominantly expressed by monocytes/macrophages with strong proinflammatory functions, prompting the development of CCR2 antagonists to dampen unwanted immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, CCR2-expressing monocytes/macrophages, particularly in tumor microenvironments, can be strongly immunosuppressive. Thus, targeting the recruitment of immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages to tumors by CCR2 antagonism has recently been investigated as a strategy to modify the tumor microenvironment and enhance anti-tumor immunity. We present here that beneficial effects of CCR2 antagonism in the tumor setting extend beyond blocking chemotaxis of suppressive myeloid cells. Signaling within the CCL2/CCR2 axis shows underappreciated effects on myeloid cell survival and function polarization. Apart from myeloid cells, T cells are also known to express CCR2. Nevertheless, tissue homing of Treg cells among T cell populations is preferentially affected by CCR2 deficiency. Further, CCR2 signaling also directly enhances Treg functional potency. Thus, although Tregs are not the sole type of T cells expressing CCR2, the net outcome of CCR2 antagonism in T cells favors the anti-tumor arm of immune responses. Finally, the CCL2/CCR2 axis directly contributes to survival/growth and invasion/metastasis of many types of tumors bearing CCR2. Together, CCR2 links to two main types of suppressive immune cells by multiple mechanisms. Such a CCR2-assoicated immunosuppressive network is further entangled with paracrine and autocrine CCR2 signaling of tumor cells. Strategies to target CCL2/CCR2 axis as cancer therapy in the view of three types of CCR2-expessing cells in tumor microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Fei
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
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6
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Jaworski JP, Urrutia M, Dascal E, Jaita G, Peluffo MC. C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 as a novel intermediate in the ovulatory cascade. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:289-300. [PMID: 32159806 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of immune function genes within follicle cells has been reported in ovaries from many species. Recent work from our laboratory showed a direct effect of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 system within the feline cumulus oocyte complex, by increasing the mRNA levels of key genes involved in the ovulatory cascade in vitro. Studies were designed to evaluate if C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 acts as a novel mediator of the ovulatory cascade in vitro. Therefore, feline cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in the presence or absence of a highly selective C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist together with known inducers of cumulus-oocyte expansion and/or oocyte maturation to assess mRNA expression of key genes related to periovulatory events in other species as well as oocyte maturation. Also, the effects of recombinant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 on spontaneous or gonadotrophin-induced oocyte maturation were assessed. This is an in vitro system using isolated cumulus oocyte complexes from feline ovaries. The present study reveals the modulation of several key ovulatory genes by a highly selective C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist. However, this antagonist was not enough to block the oocyte maturation induced by gonadotropins or amphiregulin. Nonetheless, recombinant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 had a significant effect on spontaneous oocyte maturation, increasing the percentage of metaphase II stage oocytes in comparison to the control. This is the first study in any species to establish C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 as a mediator of some actions of the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jaworski
- Instituto de Virología, INTA (National Institute of Agricultural Technology-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria)-CONICET, Argentina. Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros 10 s/n, Castelar, Argentina
| | - M Urrutia
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Dascal
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Peluffo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Eiger DS, Boldizsar N, Honeycutt CC, Gardner J, Rajagopal S. Biased agonism at chemokine receptors. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109862. [PMID: 33249087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the human chemokine system, interactions between the approximately 50 known endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 known chemokine receptors (CKRs) regulate a wide range of cellular functions and biological processes including immune cell activation and homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and neuromodulation. CKRs are a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which represent the most common and versatile class of receptors in the human genome and the targets of approximately one third of all Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Chemokines and CKRs bind with significant promiscuity, as most CKRs can be activated by multiple chemokines and most chemokines can activate multiple CKRs. While these ligand-receptor interactions were previously regarded as redundant, it is now appreciated that many chemokine:CKR interactions display biased agonism, the phenomenon in which different ligands binding to the same receptor signal through different pathways with different efficacies, leading to distinct biological effects. Notably, these biased responses can be modulated through changes in ligand, receptor, and or the specific cellular context (system). In this review, we explore the biochemical mechanisms, functional consequences, and therapeutic potential of biased agonism in the chemokine system. An enhanced understanding of biased agonism in the chemokine system may prove transformative in the understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of biased signaling across all GPCR subtypes and aid in the development of biased pharmaceuticals with increased therapeutic efficacy and safer side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Boldizsar
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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8
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Wu G, Zhang X, Chen X, Wang J, Yang J, Wang L, Sun S, Qi Y, Wang H, Yin Y, Xu W. Streptococcus pneumoniae aminopeptidase N regulates dendritic cells that attenuates type-2 airway inflammation in murine allergic asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5063-5077. [PMID: 32726465 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that microbial exposure in early childhood is linked with reduced risk to suffer asthma. Thus microbial components with immunoregulatory capabilities might serve as a preventive strategy for allergic asthma. Recently, it was identified that Streptococcus pneumoniae aminopeptidase N (PepN) could suppress T cell effector function. We sought to investigate the effect of PepN on murine allergic asthma and elucidate the underlying mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of intranasal administration of PepN during or before sensitization were examined in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine allergic asthma. The roles of CD11b+ dendritic cells in PepN treated OVA-induced allergic asthma were evaluated by flow cytometry, cytokines detection and adoptive transfer. Moreover, the numbers of lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were also detected. KEY RESULTS Administration of PepN during or before sensitization attenuated type-2 airway inflammation (eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, Th2 cytokines production and IgE production) in allergic asthma mice. PepN reduced lung accumulation of CD11b+ dendritic cells, which was accompanied by diminished dendritic cell-attracting chemokine CCL20 production as well as CCL17 and CCL22, which are Th2-cell chemokines predominantly produced by CD11b+ dendritic cells. Adoptive transfer of BM-derived CD11b+ dendritic cells abolished the inhibitory effect of PepN on OVA-induced type-2 airway inflammation. The numbers of lung ILC2s were decreased in asthmatic mice receiving PepN. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PepN alleviated type-2 inflammation in OVA-induced allergic asthma mice, which was mediated by regulation of lung CD11b+ dendritic cells. Our study provides a novel strategy for the prevention of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Sun
- The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Xu R, Li Y, Liu Y, Qu J, Cao W, Zhang E, He J, Cai Z. How are MCPIP1 and cytokines mutually regulated in cancer-related immunity? Protein Cell 2020; 11:881-893. [PMID: 32548715 PMCID: PMC7719135 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are secreted by various cell types and act as critical mediators in many physiological processes, including immune response and tumor progression. Cytokines production is precisely and timely regulated by multiple mechanisms at different levels, ranging from transcriptional to post-transcriptional and posttranslational processes. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), a potent immunosuppressive protein, was first described as a transcription factor in monocytes treated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and subsequently found to possess intrinsic RNase and deubiquitinase activities. MCPIP1 tightly regulates cytokines expression via various functions. Furthermore, cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) and MCP-1 and inflammatory cytokines inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS) strongly induce MCPIP1 expression. Mutually regulated MCPIP1 and cytokines form a complicated network in the tumor environment. In this review, we summarize how MCPIP1 and cytokines reciprocally interact and elucidate the effect of the network formed by these components in cancer-related immunity with aim of exploring potential clinical benefits of their mutual regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jianwei Qu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Institution of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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10
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Robichon K, Patel V, Connor B, La Flamme AC. Clozapine reduces infiltration into the CNS by targeting migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:53. [PMID: 32050980 PMCID: PMC7014621 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical antipsychotic agents, such as clozapine, are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders by a mechanism that is believed to involve modulating the immune system. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated neurological disease, and recently, clozapine was shown to reduce disease severity in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mode of action by which clozapine reduces disease in this model is poorly understood. Methods Because the mode of action by which clozapine reduces neuroinflammation is poorly understood, we used the EAE model to elucidate the in vivo and in vitro effects of clozapine. Results In this study, we report that clozapine treatment reduced the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) and that this correlated with reduced expression of the chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 transcripts in the brain and spinal cord. We assessed to what extent immune cell populations were affected by clozapine treatment and we found that clozapine targets the expression of chemokines by macrophages and primary microglia. Furthermore, in addition to decreasing CNS infiltration by reducing chemokine expression, we found that clozapine directly inhibits chemokine-induced migration of immune cells. This direct target on the immune cells was not mediated by a change in receptor expression on the immune cell surface but by decreasing downstream signaling via these receptors leading to a reduced migration. Conclusions Taken together, our study indicates that clozapine protects against EAE by two different mechanisms; first, by reducing the chemoattractant proteins in the CNS; and second, by direct targeting the migration potential of peripheral immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Robichon
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Vimal Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne Camille La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
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11
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Shinko Y, Otsuka I, Okazaki S, Horai T, Boku S, Takahashi M, Ueno Y, Sora I, Hishimoto A. Chemokine alterations in the postmortem brains of suicide completers. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 120:29-33. [PMID: 31629996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major health problem in the modern world. However, its physiological mechanisms have not been well elucidated yet. Immunological disturbances have been reported in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BP), and schizophrenia. Some studies have also suggested an association between immunological alterations especially neuroinflammation, and suicide. Chemokines play important roles in inflammation, and studies investigating chemokines in psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, MDD, and BP have reported chemokine dysregulations. However, there have been very few studies on the association between chemokines and suicide. We studied chemokine alterations in the postmortem brains of suicide completers and compared them to those of controls. We obtained brain tissue samples of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from 16 suicide completers and 23 controls. We examined the concentrations of chemokines and related substances in the brain tissue from these two groups using the Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Chemokine Panel 40-Plex. We performed multiple regression analysis with covariates. The levels of CCL1, CCL8, CCL13, CCL15, CCL17, CCL19, CCL20, CXCL11, and IL-10 were significantly decreased, whereas the IL-16 levels were significantly increased in the suicide completers after adjustment with the Benjamini-Hochberg method to control for type Ⅰ errors (Q < 0.05). The observed chemokine alterations might suggest the presence of suicide-specific immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shinko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motonori Takahashi
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Social Health Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueno
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Social Health Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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12
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Pei M, Liu X, Zhao C, Gao F, Tao Y, Zhang M. Chemokine and Adhesion Molecule Profiles in Aqueous Humor of Clinically Quiescent Uveitic Cataracts. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:194-199. [PMID: 30288998 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1532012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the chemokine and adhesion molecule profiles in aqueous humor (AH) of eyes with inactive uveitis and their correlations with inflammation relapse after cataract surgery. METHODS Patients with inactive uveitis who underwent cataract surgery between July 2014 and January 2016 at our center were included. Undiluted AH samples (100-120 µl) were obtained through lateral corneal incisions during surgery, and concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) were measured by cytometric bead array (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA). AH levels of these inflammatory factors were compared between different uveitis entities and non-inflammatory control. Risk factors for postoperative inflammation relapse were also analysed in uveitic eyes. RESULTS As compared with the control group, the panuveitis group had significantly higher aqueous concentrations of MCP-1, IL-8, sVCAM, sICAM; the anterior uveitis group had significantly higher concentrations of MCP-1, MIP-1, sVCAM. Uveitic cataracts with postoperative inflammation relapse had significantly higher levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 in AH than those without. And multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that high AH levels of MCP-1 was an independent predictor for postoperative inflammation relapse. CONCLUSIONS Clinically quiescent uveitic eyes have elevated levels of chemokines and soluble adhesion molecules in AH, of which MCP-1 is associate with inflammation relapses after cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghang Pei
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Xinshu Liu
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Chan Zhao
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Gao
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yong Tao
- c Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Meifen Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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13
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Xu W, Wei Q, Han M, Zhou B, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang Q, Sun J, Feng L, Wang S, Ye Y, Wang X, Zhou J, Jin H. CCL2-SQSTM1 positive feedback loop suppresses autophagy to promote chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1054-1066. [PMID: 29989092 PMCID: PMC6036739 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most important approaches for the treatment of various cancers. However, tumor cells often develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. The tumor microenvironment reconstituted by various cytokines secreted from immune cells was recently found to play important roles in affecting therapeutic response of tumor cells. Herein, we reported that tumor cells can secrete autocrine cytokines to confer chemoresistance by inactivating proapoptotic autophagy. Through cytokine screening, we found that drug resistant cancer cells secreted more CCL2 than drug sensitive cells. Such secreted CCL2 could not only maintain chemoresistance in drug-resistant cancer cells but also confer drug resistance to drug-sensitive cancer cells. CCL2 attenuated drug-induced cytotoxicity by activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling to inhibit proapoptotic autophagy and increase SQSTM1 expression. CCL2 expression in primary carcinoma tissues also correlated well with SQSTM1 expression. Either CCL2 knock-down or autophagy induction successfully reversed drug resistance of tumor cells. Moreover, increased expression of SQSTM1 in turn activated CCL2 transcription via NF-κB signal pathway, representing a positive feedback loop to maintain drug resistance. Therefore, our results provided a new insight to understand drug resistance, and indicated the potential value of CCL2 as a biomarker and intervention target for chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Xu
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Mengjiao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Bingluo Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, China
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14
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Huang H, Liu B, Wu G, Xu G, Sun BD, Gao YQ. Hematological Risk Factors for High-Altitude Headache in Chinese Men Following Acute Exposure at 3,700 m. Front Physiol 2017; 8:801. [PMID: 29089901 PMCID: PMC5651045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-altitude headache (HAH) is a notably common disorder affecting the daily life of travelers ascending to high altitude. Hematological parameters are important clinical examinations for various diseases. Today, hematological characteristics of HAH remain unrevealed. Above all, we aimed to ascertain hematological characteristics and independent risk factors/predictors associated with HAH before and after exposure at 3,700 m. Methods: Forty five healthy men were enrolled in present study. Demographic and clinical data, physiological and hematological parameters were collected 3 days before the ascent and after acute exposure at 3,700 m. Results: HAH patients featured significantly lower white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU#) and percentage (NEU%), and higher percentage of lymphocyte (LYM%) at 3,700 m and significantly lower NEU#, reticulocyte count (RET#) and percentage (RET%) at sea level (all P < 0.05). HAH severity was significantly and negatively associated with WBC, NEU#, and NEU% at 3,700 m and RET# at sea level, whereas was positively associated with LYM% at 3,700 m (all P < 0.05). Moreover, we have found that RET# at sea level and NEU% at 3,700 m was an independent predictor and risk factor for HAH, respectively. Conclusion: The present study is the first to examine the hematological characteristics of HAH. Furthermore, lower RET# at sea level and lower NEU% at 3,700 m is a novel independent predictor and risk factor for HAH, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.,The 12th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kashi Xinjiang, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing-Da Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
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15
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Liu B, Chen J, Zhang L, Gao Y, Cui J, Zhang E, Xu G, Liang Y, Liang Y, Wang J, Gao Y. IL-10 Dysregulation in Acute Mountain Sickness Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:628. [PMID: 28611780 PMCID: PMC5447681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute mountain sickness (AMS), which may progress to life-threatening high-altitude cerebral edema, is a major threat to millions of people who live in or travel to high altitude. Although studies have revealed the risk factors and pathophysiology theories of AMS, the molecular mechanisms of it do not comprehensively illustrate. Here, we used a system-level methodology, RNA sequencing, to explore the molecular mechanisms of AMS at genome-wide level in 10 individuals. After exposure to high altitude, a total of 1,164 and 1,322 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in AMS and non-AMS groups, respectively. Among them, only 328 common transcripts presented between the two groups. Immune and inflammatory responses were overrepresented in participants with AMS, but not in non-AMS individuals. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 and inflammation cytokines IF17F and CCL8 exhibited significantly different genetic connectivity in AMS compared to that of non-AMS individuals based on network analysis. IL10 was downregulated and both IF17F and CCL8 were upregulated in AMS individuals. Moreover, the serum concentration of IL10 significantly decreased in AMS patients after exposure to high altitude (p = 0.001) in another population (n = 22). There was a large negative correlation between the changes in IL10 concentration, r(22) = −0.52, p = 0.013, and Lake Louise Score. Taken together, our analysis provides unprecedented characterization of AMS transcriptome and identifies that genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses were disturbed in AMS individuals by high-altitude exposure. The reduction of IL10 after exposure to high altitude was associated with AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yixing Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Cui
- Research Center of PLA for Prevention and Treatment of High Mountain Sickness, The 18th Hospital of PLA, Xinjiang, China
| | - Erlong Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | - Yuqi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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16
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Yuan J, Ren HY, Shi YJ, Liu W. In vitro immunological effects of blocking CCR5 on T cells. Inflammation 2015; 38:902-10. [PMID: 25380845 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) by maraviroc may induce immunological changes independent of its antiviral effects and may have immunoregulation properties. This study was designed to determine the effects of blocking CCR5 on human activated T cells in vitro and investigate the potential immunological mechanisms. Human CD3+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and then activated by cytokines. We tested the surface expressions and relative messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, and CXCR3, chemotaxis toward their cognate ligands, internalization of chemokine receptors, and production of cytokines. In conclusion, blocking CCR5 by maraviroc not only can block CCR5 and CCR2 internalization processes induced by CCL5 and CCL2, but also inhibit T cell chemotactic activities toward their cognate ligands, respectively. Moreover, blocking CCR5 with maraviroc at high doses tends to decrease the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ. In addition, there might be a form of cross talk between CCR5 and CCR2, and this may offer a novel immunological effect for blockade of CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China
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17
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Felouzis V, Hermand P, de Laissardière GT, Combadière C, Deterre P. Comprehensive analysis of chemokine-induced cAMP-inhibitory responses using a real-time luminescent biosensor. Cell Signal 2015; 28:120-9. [PMID: 26515128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family coupled to members of the Gi class, whose primary function is to inhibit the cellular adenylate cyclase. We used a cAMP-related and PKA-based luminescent biosensor (GloSensor™ F-22) to monitor the real-time downstream response of chemokine receptors, especially CX3CR1 and CXCR4, after activation with their cognate ligands CX3CL1 and CXCL12. We found that the amplitudes and kinetic profiles of the chemokine responses were conserved in various cell types and were independent of the nature and concentration of the molecules used for cAMP prestimulation, including either the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin or ligands mediating Gs-mediated responses like prostaglandin E2 or beta-adrenergic agonist. We conclude that the cAMP chemokine response is robustly conserved in various inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the cAMP-related luminescent biosensor appears as a valuable tool to analyze the details of Gi-mediated cAMP-inhibitory cellular responses, even in native conditions and could help to decipher their precise role in cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Felouzis
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Hermand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Guy Trambly de Laissardière
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise, CNRS, UMR 8089, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, 2 Avenue A. Chauvin, F-95302 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Christophe Combadière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Deterre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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18
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Yuan J, Ren HY, Shi YJ, Liu W. Prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease by CCR5 blockade combined with cyclosporine A in a murine model. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:137-44. [PMID: 25556580 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One characteristic feature of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is lymphocytes' trafficking and recruitment to target tissues, and CCR5 plays a key role in the process. Thus, blockade of lymphocytes' chemotaxis may attenuate GVHD. METHODS We tested the effects of CCR5 blockade using an established murine model. The mean survival time, body weight change, and clinical GVHD scores were assessed. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines, the CCR5, CXCR3, and CCR7 expressions on T lymphocytes, and histological changes of visceral organs were also evaluated. Additionally, we assessed the immunophenotype of infiltration cells in liver and intestine. RESULTS Mice undergoing total body irradiation and allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) developed typical GVHD. MVC increased CCR5 expression whereas CCR7 and CXCR3 expression were unaffected. MVC also increased plasma levels of the ligands of CCR5. A combination of MVC with CsA significantly alleviated the degree of visceral injuries and prolonged survival time. CONCLUSION MVC has a synergistic effect with CsA. It can attenuate the severity of GVHD and increase survival rate of mice in our murine model. This may offer a novel therapeutic perspective for clinical GVHD after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
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19
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Li H, Li X, Smerin SE, Zhang L, Jia M, Xing G, Su YA, Wen J, Benedek D, Ursano R. Mitochondrial Gene Expression Profiles and Metabolic Pathways in the Amygdala Associated with Exaggerated Fear in an Animal Model of PTSD. Front Neurol 2014; 5:164. [PMID: 25295026 PMCID: PMC4172054 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic mechanisms underlying the development of exaggerated fear in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not well defined. In the present study, alteration in the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial function in the amygdala of an animal model of PTSD was determined. Amygdala tissue samples were excised from 10 non-stressed control rats and 10 stressed rats, 14 days post-stress treatment. Total RNA was isolated, cDNA was synthesized, and gene expression levels were determined using a cDNA microarray. During the development of the exaggerated fear associated with PTSD, 48 genes were found to be significantly upregulated and 37 were significantly downregulated in the amygdala complex based on stringent criteria (p < 0.01). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed up- or downregulation in the amygdala complex of four signaling networks – one associated with inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, one with immune mediators and metabolism, one with transcriptional factors, and one with chromatin remodeling. Thus, informatics of a neuronal gene array allowed us to determine the expression profile of mitochondrial genes in the amygdala complex of an animal model of PTSD. The result is a further understanding of the metabolic and neuronal signaling mechanisms associated with delayed and exaggerated fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Stanley E Smerin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Guoqiang Xing
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Yan A Su
- Department of Gene and Protein Biomarkers, GenProMarkers , Rockville, MD , USA
| | - Jillian Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - David Benedek
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Robert Ursano
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Zhao L, Yang W, Yang X, Lin Y, Lv J, Dou X, Luo Q, Dong J, Chen Z, Chu Y, He R. Chemerin suppresses murine allergic asthma by inhibiting CCL2 production and subsequent airway recruitment of inflammatory dendritic cells. Allergy 2014; 69:763-74. [PMID: 24758146 DOI: 10.1111/all.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemerin has been implicated to play opposing roles, either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, in various tissue inflammation processes primarily through the regulation of tissue recruitment of immune cells. However, the effect of chemerin in allergic asthma has not yet been explored. We sought to investigate the role of chemerin in the murine model of allergic asthma and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS We examined the effect of intranasal (i.n.) administration of chemerin during antigen challenge in murine models of asthma. Moreover, we examined whether administration of CCL2 or bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) transfer reversed the effects of chemerin on ovalbumin-induced asthma. We finally examined the effect of chemerin on CCL2 expression in activated lung epithelial cells in vitro. RESULTS The administration of chemerin attenuated allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity during antigen challenge. Chemerin treatment caused significant decreases in BALF CD4(+) T-cell accumulation and mRNA expression of Th2-attracting chemokines, CCL17 and CCL22, which was accompanied by significantly decreased BALF CD11c(+) CD11b(+) inflammatory DC accumulation and CCL2 production. Furthermore, airway administration of exogenous CCL2 or adoptive transfer of CD11c(+) CD11b(+) BMDCs abrogated the suppressive effects of chemerin on allergic asthma. Finally, in vitro study showed that chemerin inhibited CCL2 secretion by low-dose LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells, which led to decreased chemotaxis of BMDCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that chemerin plays a protective role in allergic asthma by suppressing airway recruitment of inflammatory CD11c(+) CD11b(+) DCs through the inhibition of CCL2 secretion by active lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health; Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - W. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health; Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - X. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health; Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Y. Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health; Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - J. Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health; Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - X. Dou
- Department of Dermatology; Huashan Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Q. Luo
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine; Huashan Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - J. Dong
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine; Huashan Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Z. Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Disease; Zhongshan Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Y. Chu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health; Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - R. He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health; Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Bias in chemokine receptor signalling. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:243-52. [PMID: 24679437 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are widely expressed on a variety of immune cells and play a crucial role in normal physiology as well as in inflammatory and infectious diseases. The existence of 23 chemokine receptors and 48 chemokine ligands guarantees a tight control and fine-tuning of the immune system. Here, we discuss the multiple regulatory mechanisms of chemokine signalling at a systemic, cellular, and molecular level. In particular, we focus on the impact of biased signalling at the receptor level; an emerging concept in molecular pharmacology. An improved understanding of these mechanisms may provide a framework for more effective drug discovery and development at a target class that is so relevant for immune function.
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Sierra-Filardi E, Nieto C, Domínguez-Soto A, Barroso R, Sánchez-Mateos P, Puig-Kroger A, López-Bravo M, Joven J, Ardavín C, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Sánchez-Torres C, Mellado M, Corbí AL. CCL2 shapes macrophage polarization by GM-CSF and M-CSF: identification of CCL2/CCR2-dependent gene expression profile. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3858-67. [PMID: 24639350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The CCL2 chemokine mediates monocyte egress from bone marrow and recruitment into inflamed tissues through interaction with the CCR2 chemokine receptor, and its expression is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Analysis of the gene expression profile in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-polarized macrophages revealed that a high CCL2 expression characterizes macrophages generated under the influence of M-CSF, whereas CCR2 is expressed only by GM-CSF-polarized macrophages. Analysis of the factors responsible for this differential expression identified activin A as a critical factor controlling the expression of the CCL2/CCR2 pair in macrophages, as activin A increased CCR2 expression but inhibited the acquisition of CCL2 expression by M-CSF-polarized macrophages. CCL2 and CCR2 were found to determine the extent of macrophage polarization because CCL2 enhances the LPS-induced production of IL-10, whereas CCL2 blockade leads to enhanced expression of M1 polarization-associated genes and cytokines, and diminished expression of M2-associated markers in human macrophages. Along the same line, Ccr2-deficient bone marrow-derived murine macrophages displayed an M1-skewed polarization profile at the transcriptomic level and exhibited a significantly higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in response to LPS. Therefore, the CCL2-CCR2 axis regulates macrophage polarization by influencing the expression of functionally relevant and polarization-associated genes and downmodulating proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sierra-Filardi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Shen Y, Wang D, Wang X. Role of CCR2 and IL-8 in acute lung injury: a new mechanism and therapeutic target. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 5:107-14. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis: the short-term and long-term effects on the patients' individual gene expression in peripheral blood. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:737-56. [PMID: 23636981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapy with interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is a mainstay in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), with proven long-term effectiveness and safety. Much has been learned about the molecular mechanisms of action of IFN-beta in the past years. Previous studies described more than a hundred genes to be modulated in expression in blood cells in response to the therapy. However, for many of these genes, the precise temporal expression pattern and the therapeutic relevance are unclear. We used Affymetrix microarrays to investigate in more detail the gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients receiving subcutaneous IFN-beta-1a. The blood samples were obtained longitudinally at five different time points up to 2 years after the start of therapy, and the patients were clinically followed up for 5 years. We examined the functions of the genes that were upregulated or downregulated at the transcript level after short-term or long-term treatment. Moreover, we analyzed their mutual interactions and their regulation by transcription factors. Compared to pretreatment levels, 96 genes were identified as highly differentially expressed, many of them already after the first IFN-beta injection. The interactions between these genes form a large network with multiple feedback loops, indicating the complex crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses during therapy. We discuss the genes and biological processes that might be important to reduce disease activity by attenuating the proliferation of autoreactive immune cells and their migration into the central nervous system. In summary, we present novel insights that extend the current knowledge on the early and late pharmacodynamic effects of IFN-beta therapy and describe gene expression differences between the individual patients that reflect clinical heterogeneity.
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Abstract
Chemokines represent a class of cytokines that control the migration of leucocytes. The human chemokine system comprises 44 ligands and 21 receptors that have evolved to control leucocyte migration. Although chemokines are an attractive therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory intervention, clinical trials of small molecule receptor antagonists have failed to demonstrate efficacy. One often cited explanation for this is the apparent redundancy within the chemokine system, wherein several ligands bind and activate each receptor. The work of Scholten et al. and Nedjai et al. reported in this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology demonstrates that this redundancy does not exist at the molecular level and provides a powerful insight into the complex nature of chemokine receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme O'Boyle
- Applied Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Chemokine receptor CXCR3 agonist prevents human T-cell migration in a humanized model of arthritic inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:4598-603. [PMID: 22392992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of T lymphocytes during diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis is regulated by stimulation of the chemokine receptors expressed by these cells. This study was designed to assess the potential of a CXCR3-specific small-molecule agonist to inhibit the migration of activated human T cells toward multiple chemokines. Further experiments defined the molecular mechanism for this anti-inflammatory activity. Analysis in vitro demonstrated agonist induced internalization of both CXCR3 and other chemokine receptors coexpressed by CXCR3(+) T cells. Unlike chemokine receptor-specific antagonists, the CXCR3 agonist inhibited migration of activated T cells toward the chemokine mixture in synovial fluid from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. A humanized mouse air-pouch model showed that intravenous treatment with the CXCR3 agonist prevented inflammatory migration of activated human T cells toward this synovial fluid. A potential mechanism for this action was defined by demonstration that the CXCR3 agonist induces receptor cross-phosphorylation within CXCR3-CCR5 heterodimers on the surface of activated T cells. This study shows that generalized chemokine receptor desensitization can be induced by specific stimulation of a single chemokine receptor on the surface of activated human T cells. A humanized mouse model was used to demonstrate that this receptor desensitization inhibits the inflammatory response that is normally produced by the chemokines present in synovial fluid from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.
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Stowe AM, Wacker BK, Cravens PD, Perfater JL, Li MK, Hu R, Freie AB, Stüve O, Gidday JM. CCL2 upregulation triggers hypoxic preconditioning-induced protection from stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:33. [PMID: 22340958 PMCID: PMC3298779 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A brief exposure to systemic hypoxia (i.e., hypoxic preconditioning; HPC) prior to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) reduces infarct volume, blood-brain barrier disruption, and leukocyte migration. CCL2 (MCP-1), typically regarded as a leukocyte-derived pro-inflammatory chemokine, can also be directly upregulated by hypoxia-induced transcription. We hypothesized that such a hypoxia-induced upregulation of CCL2 is required for HPC-induced ischemic tolerance. Methods Adult male SW/ND4, CCL2-null, and wild-type mice were used in these studies. Cortical CCL2/CCR2 message, protein, and cell-type specific immunoreactivity were determined following HPC (4 h, 8% O2) or room air control (21% O2) from 6 h through 2 weeks following HPC. Circulating leukocyte subsets were determined by multi-parameter flow cytometry in naïve mice and 12 h after HPC. CCL2-null and wild-type mice were exposed to HPC 2 days prior to tMCAo, with immunoneutralization of CCL2 during HPC achieved by a monoclonal CCL2 antibody. Results Cortical CCL2 mRNA and protein expression peaked at 12 h after HPC (both p < 0.01), predominantly in cortical neurons, and returned to baseline by 2 days. A delayed cerebral endothelial CCL2 message expression (p < 0.05) occurred 2 days after HPC. The levels of circulating monocytes (p < 0.0001), T lymphocytes (p < 0.0001), and granulocytes were decreased 12 h after HPC, and those of B lymphocytes were increased (p < 0.0001), but the magnitude of these respective changes did not differ between wild-type and CCL2-null mice. HPC did decrease the number of circulating CCR2+ monocytes (p < 0.0001) in a CCL2-dependent manner, but immunohistochemical analyses at this 12 h timepoint indicated that this leukocyte subpopulation did not move into the CNS. While HPC reduced infarct volumes by 27% (p < 0.01) in wild-type mice, CCL2-null mice subjected to tMCAo were not protected by HPC. Moreover, administration of a CCL2 immunoneutralizing antibody prior to HPC completely blocked (p < 0.0001 vs. HPC-treated mice) the development of ischemic tolerance. Conclusions The early expression of CCL2 in neurons, the delayed expression of CCL2 in cerebral endothelial cells, and CCL2-mediated actions on circulating CCR2+ monocytes, appear to be required to establish ischemic tolerance to focal stroke in response to HPC, and thus represent a novel role for this chemokine in endogenous neurovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S, Euclid Ave,, Box 8057, St, Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Gilbert DC, Chandler I, Summersgill B, McIntyre A, Missiaglia E, Goddard NC, Huddart RA, Shipley J. Genomic gain and over expression of CCL2 correlate with vascular invasion in stage I non-seminomatous testicular germ-cell tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e114-21; discussion e121. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Berchiche YA, Gravel S, Pelletier ME, St-Onge G, Heveker N. Different effects of the different natural CC chemokine receptor 2b ligands on beta-arrestin recruitment, Gαi signaling, and receptor internalization. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:488-98. [PMID: 21088225 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.068486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR2, which has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune, and cardiovascular conditions, binds several natural chemokine ligands. Here, we assessed the recruitment of β-arrestin to CCR2 in response to these ligands using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technology. Compared with CCL2, which was considered as a full agonist, other CCR2 ligands were partial agonists with reduced efficacy and potency. Agonist potencies were not a function of their affinity for CCR2. Efficacy of arrestin recruitment matched that of agonist-induced CCR2 internalization. Although the potency and efficacy rank orders of the ligands in arrestin recruitment were similar to those observed for Gα(i1) activation, arrestin recruitment was at least in part resistant to Gα(i/o)-inactivating pertussis toxin, suggesting partial independence from Gα(i/o). The degree of pertussis toxin resistance of arrestin recruitment was different between the chemokines. Moreover, qualitative differences between the arrestin responses to the different ligands were identified in the stability of the response: although CCL7-induced arrestin recruitment had a half-life of less than 15 min, CCL8 and CCL13 induced stable CCR2-arrestin interactions. Finally, the ligands stabilized different conformations of the CCR2 homodimer. Our results support the validity of models for receptor-ligand interactions in which different ligands stabilize different receptor conformations also for endogenous receptor ligands, with corresponding implications for drug development targeting CCR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina A Berchiche
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Cifuentes RA, Cruz-Tapias P, Rojas-Villarraga A, Anaya JM. ZC3H12A (MCPIP1): molecular characteristics and clinical implications. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1862-8. [PMID: 20807520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZC3H12A is a gene whose absence is related to autoimmune disorders and to other phenotypical alterations. METHODS A comprehensive review of the structure, molecular functions and regulation of ZC3H12A gene and its protein MCPIP1 is done in order to understand their clinical implications. RESULTS ZC3H12A, at 1p34.3, has 9860bp, six exons and 61 described SNPs. Eleven are non-synonymous thus leading to changes in MCPIP1, the protein encoded by ZC3H12A. MCPIP1 is induced by MCP-1 and IL-1 whose signals are transduced through the NF-kβ and MAPkinase pathways. This protein acts as an RNAse by degrading chemokine transcripts such as IL-1 as well as its own mRNA and as a transcription factor by reducing the expression of other chemokines induced by NF-kβ such as MCP-1. It also up-regulates genes involved in several differentiation processes and apoptosis. Therefore, ZC3H12A is an equilibrium gatekeeper that not only regulates its own inducers but also controls the regulation by degrading its own mRNA. CONCLUSION Understanding ZC3H12A gives a comprehensive panorama that promises to improve our understanding of processes in which this gene is involved including autoimmune, infectious and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cifuentes
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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31
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An integrated systems analysis implicates EGR1 downregulation in simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis-induced neural dysfunction. J Neurosci 2009; 29:12467-76. [PMID: 19812322 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3180-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia (HAD) is a syndrome occurring in HIV-infected patients with advanced disease that likely develops as a result of macrophage and microglial activation as well as other immune events triggered by virus in the central nervous system. The most relevant experimental model of HAD, rhesus macaques exhibiting simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) encephalitis (SIVE), closely reproduces the human disease and has been successfully used to advance our understanding of mechanisms underlying HAD. In this study we integrate gene expression data from uninfected and SIV-infected hippocampus with a human protein interaction network and discover modules of genes whose expression patterns distinguish these two states, to facilitate identification of neuronal genes that may contribute to SIVE/HIV cognitive deficits. Using this approach we identify several downregulated candidate genes and select one, EGR1, a key molecule in hippocampus-related learning and memory, for further study. We show that EGR1 is downregulated in SIV-infected hippocampus and that it can be downregulated in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells by treatment with CCL8, a product of activated microglia. Integration of expression data with protein interaction data to discover discriminatory modules of interacting proteins can be usefully used to prioritize differentially expressed genes for further study. Investigation of EGR1, selected in this manner, indicates that its downregulation in SIVE may occur as a consequence of the host response to infection, leading to deficits in cognition.
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Becerra A, Warke RV, Martin K, Xhaja K, de Bosch N, Rothman AL, Bosch I. Gene expression profiling of dengue infected human primary cells identifies secreted mediators in vivo. J Med Virol 2009; 81:1403-11. [PMID: 19551822 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We used gene expression profiling of human primary cells infected in vitro with dengue virus (DENV) as a tool to identify secreted mediators induced in response to the infection. Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of human primary monocytes, B cells and dendritic cells infected with DENV in vitro showed strong induction of monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP-2/CCL8), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/TNFSF10). The expression of these genes was confirmed in dendritic cells infected with DENV in vitro at mRNA and protein levels. A prospectively enrolled cohort of DENV-infected Venezuelan patients was used to measure the levels of these proteins in serum during three different periods of the disease. Results showed significant increase of MCP-2, IP-10, and TRAIL levels in patients infected with DENV during the febrile period, when compared to healthy donors and patients with other febrile illnesses. MCP-2 and IP-10 levels were still elevated during the post-febrile period while TRAIL levels dropped close to normal after defervescense. Patients with primary infections had higher TRAIL levels than patients with secondary infections during the febrile period of the disease. Increased levels of IP-10, TRAIL and MCP-2 in acute DENV infections suggest a role for these mediators in the immune response to the infection. MCP-2 was identified in this work as a new unreported and important dengue-related protein and IP-10 was confirmed as a novel and strong pro-inflammatory marker in acute disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniuska Becerra
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01655, USA
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O'Boyle G, Mellor P, Kirby JA, Ali S. Anti-inflammatory therapy by intravenous delivery of non-heparan sulfate-binding CXCL12. FASEB J 2009; 23:3906-16. [PMID: 19667120 PMCID: PMC2791779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-134643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between chemokines and heparan sulfate (HS) is essential for leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Previous studies have shown that a non-HS-binding mutant form of the inflammatory chemokine CCL7 can block inflammation produced by wild-type chemokines. This study examined the anti-inflammatory mechanism of a non-HS-binding mutant of the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12. Initial experiments demonstrated that mutant CXCL12 was an effective CXCR4 agonist. However, this mutant chemokine failed to promote transendothelial migration in vitro and inhibited the haptotactic response to wild-type CCL7, CXCL12, and CXCL8, and naturally occurring chemoattractants in synovial fluid from the rheumatoid synovium, including CCL2, CCL7, and CXCL8. Notably, intravenous administration of mutant CXCL12 also inhibited the recruitment of leukocytes to murine air pouches filled with wild-type CXCL12. Following intravenous administration, wild-type CXCL12 was cleared from the circulation rapidly, while the mutant chemokine persisted for >24 h. Chronic exposure to mutant CXCL12 in the circulation reduced leukocyte-surface expression of CXCR4, reduced the chemotactic response of these cells to CXCL12, and inhibited normal chemokine-mediated induction of adhesion between the alpha4beta1 integrin, VLA-4, and VCAM-1. These data demonstrate that systemic administration of non-HS-binding variants of CXCL12 can mediate a powerful anti-inflammatory effect through chemokine receptor desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme O'Boyle
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
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Spagnolo P, Sato H, Grunewald J, Brynedal B, Hillert J, Mañá J, Wells AU, Eklund A, Welsh KI, du Bois RM. A common haplotype of the C-C chemokine receptor 2 gene and HLA-DRB1*0301 are independent genetic risk factors for Löfgren's syndrome. J Intern Med 2008; 264:433-41. [PMID: 18513341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disorder with a strong genetic influence. Genetic factors are also thought to influence disease severity and outcome. We sought to determine whether polymorphisms within CCR2 gene predispose to Löfgren's syndrome--a clinically and genetically distinct sarcoidosis phenotype--and, importantly, whether this association is independent of the known association with the HLA-DRB1*0301 allele. METHODS We investigated 5 CCR2 variants and HLA-DRB1*0301 by sequence-specific primer (SSP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 176 Spanish (76 Löfgren's syndrome, 100 controls) and 387 Swedish subjects (126 Löfgren's syndrome, 77 non-Löfgren sarcoidosis, 184 controls). RESULTS One of the deduced haplotypes (CCR2 haplotype 2) was associated with Löfgren's syndrome in both Spanish (OR: 2.03, uncorrected P = 0.02; permuted P = 0.041 vs. controls) and Swedish patients (OR: 3.02, uncorrected P = 0.0007; permuted P = 0.0027 vs. non-Löfgren sarcoidosis; OR: 2.46, uncorrected P = 0.0005; permuted P = 0.0031 vs. controls). HLA-DRB1*0301 allele frequency was also increased in Spanish (OR: 3.52, P = 0.0004 vs. controls) and Swedish patients with Löfgren's syndrome (OR: 10.98, P < 0.0001 vs. non-Löfgren sarcoidosis, OR: 7.71, P < 0.0001 vs. controls). Finally, multivariate analysis revealed that the CCR2 association was independent of HLA-DRB1*0301 in both Spanish (P = 0.02 vs. controls) and Swedish cohorts (P = 0.002 vs. non-Löfgren sarcoidosis, P = 0.001 vs. controls). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that CCR2 haplotype 2 and HLA-DRB1*0301 are independent genetic risk factors for Löfgren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spagnolo
- The Clinical Genomic Group, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Roca H, Varsos Z, Pienta KJ. CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-dependent survivin up-regulation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:25057-73. [PMID: 18611860 PMCID: PMC2529129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801073200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Autophagy is a survival mechanism activated in response to nutrient deprivation; however, excessive autophagy will ultimately induce cell death in a nonapoptotic manner. The present study demonstrates that CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death, allowing prolonged survival in serum-free conditions. Upon serum starvation, CCL2 induced survivin up-regulation in PC3, DU 145, and C4-2B prostate cancer cells. Both cell survival and survivin expression were stunted in CCL2-stimulated PC3 cells when treated either with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (2 microm) or the Akt-specific inhibitor-X (Akti-X; 2.5 microm). Furthermore, CCL2 significantly reduced light chain 3-II (LC3-II) in serum-starved PC3; in contrast, treatment with LY294002 or Akti-X reversed the effect of CCL2 on LC3-II levels, suggesting that CCL2 signaling limits autophagy in these cells. Upon serum deprivation, the analysis of LC3 localization by immunofluorescence revealed a remarkable reduction in LC3 punctate after CCL2 stimulation. CCL2 treatment also resulted in a higher sustained mTORC1 activity as measured by an increase in phospho-p70S6 kinase (Thr389). Rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy, both down-regulated survivin and decreased PC3 cell viability in serum-deprived conditions. Treatment with CCL2, however, allowed cells to partially resist rapamycin-induced death, which correlated with survivin protein levels. In two stable transfectants expressing survivin-specific short hairpin RNA, generated from PC3, survivin protein levels controlled both cell viability and LC3 localization in response to CCL2 treatment. Altogether, these findings indicate that CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/survivin pathway and reveal survivin as a critical molecule in this survival mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Roca
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Vyshkina T, Sylvester A, Sadiq S, Bonilla E, Perl A, Kalman B. CCL genes in multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 200:145-52. [PMID: 18602166 PMCID: PMC5301077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This follow up study aims to refine the roles of previously suggested candidate genes (CC chemokine ligands or CCLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS), and to test these markers in another autoimmune disorder, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). After stringent correction for multiple testing, we reject the importance of previously suggested borderline associations with CCLs in MS. A new finding is the differential distribution of CCL8 marker alleles and a haplotype in extreme severity subgroups of MS. In SLE, this study reveals strong associations with a marker and a haplotype encompassing the CCL14 gene, which suggests that a lupus relevant variant may lie within or in the proximity of this haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vyshkina
- VAMC Research, 800. Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Andrew Sylvester
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521. West 57th Street, New York, NY 10019, United States
| | - Saud Sadiq
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521. West 57th Street, New York, NY 10019, United States
| | - Eduardo Bonilla
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Medicine, 750. East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Andras Perl
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Medicine, 750. East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Bernadette Kalman
- VAMC Research, 800. Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Neurology, 750. East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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Shahrara S, Proudfoot AEI, Park CC, Volin MV, Haines GK, Woods JM, Aikens CH, Handel TM, Pope RM. Inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ameliorates rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:3447-56. [PMID: 18292571 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, including RANTES/CCL5 and MCP-1/CCL2, are highly expressed in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and they promote leukocyte migration into the synovial tissue. This study was conducted to determine whether the inhibition of RANTES and MCP-1 therapeutically was capable of ameliorating rat of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Postonset treatment of AIA using a novel inhibitor for endogenous MCP-1 (P8A-MCP-1) improved clinical signs of arthritis and histological scores measuring joint destruction, synovial lining, macrophage infiltration, and bone erosion. Using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis, we defined joint inflammation, bony erosion, monocyte migration, proinflammatory cytokines, and bone markers, and p-p38 levels were reduced in rat AIA treated with P8A-MCP-1. In contrast, neither the dominant-negative inhibitor for endogenous RANTES (44AANA47-RANTES) nor the CCR1/CCR5 receptor antagonist, methionylated-RANTES, had an effect on clinical signs of arthritis when administered after disease onset. Additionally, therapy with the combination of 44AANA47-RANTES plus P8A-MCP-1 did not ameliorate AIA beyond the effect observed using P8A-MCP-1 alone. Treatment with P8A-MCP-1 reduced joint TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels. P8A-MCP-1 also decreased p38 MAPK activation in the joint. Our results indicate that inhibition of MCP-1 with P8A-MCP-1 after the onset of clinically detectable disease ameliorates AIA and decreases macrophage accumulation, cytokine expression, and p38 MAPK activation within the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shahrara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Tepsuporn S, Horwitt JN, Cobb GW, Stranford SA. MAIDS resistance-associated gene expression patterns in secondary lymphoid organs. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:485-94. [PMID: 18612634 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) is caused by exposure to murine leukemia virus and serves as a model to study human AIDS. In MAIDS-susceptible C57BL/6 mice, virus exposure leads to progressive immune deficiency, while resistant strains such as BALB/c recover from infection and develop protective immunity. The goal of this study was to identify early gene expression patterns that may be important in establishing this strain-specific differential response. Total RNA was isolated from spleens and pooled lymph nodes of both mouse strains at 3 and 7 days post virus infection. The complementary DNA generated from this RNA was hybridized to mouse oligonucleotide DNA microarrays using a strategy that controlled for inherent variability and highlighted only virus-induced changes. Fluorescent intensities were normalized and analyzed for statistically significant differential expression between strains across both time points and lymphoid organs. The majority of the resistance-associated genes was identified at day 3 post-infection and demonstrated the highest fold differences between strains, while more susceptibility-associated sequences were seen at 7 days post-infection. Among the most highly differentially expressed sequences seen at the earlier time point were genes related to protein metabolism, especially serine proteases. Differential patterns of chemokine-related genes were observed at the later time point. The overall pattern of expression suggests strain-specific differences in proteases and chemokines within secondary lymphoid organs shortly after infection influence the likelihood of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprawee Tepsuporn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
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Roca H, Varsos Z, Pienta KJ. CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-dependent survivin up-regulation. J Biol Chem 2008. [PMID: 18611860 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801073200)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Autophagy is a survival mechanism activated in response to nutrient deprivation; however, excessive autophagy will ultimately induce cell death in a nonapoptotic manner. The present study demonstrates that CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death, allowing prolonged survival in serum-free conditions. Upon serum starvation, CCL2 induced survivin up-regulation in PC3, DU 145, and C4-2B prostate cancer cells. Both cell survival and survivin expression were stunted in CCL2-stimulated PC3 cells when treated either with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (2 microm) or the Akt-specific inhibitor-X (Akti-X; 2.5 microm). Furthermore, CCL2 significantly reduced light chain 3-II (LC3-II) in serum-starved PC3; in contrast, treatment with LY294002 or Akti-X reversed the effect of CCL2 on LC3-II levels, suggesting that CCL2 signaling limits autophagy in these cells. Upon serum deprivation, the analysis of LC3 localization by immunofluorescence revealed a remarkable reduction in LC3 punctate after CCL2 stimulation. CCL2 treatment also resulted in a higher sustained mTORC1 activity as measured by an increase in phospho-p70S6 kinase (Thr389). Rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy, both down-regulated survivin and decreased PC3 cell viability in serum-deprived conditions. Treatment with CCL2, however, allowed cells to partially resist rapamycin-induced death, which correlated with survivin protein levels. In two stable transfectants expressing survivin-specific short hairpin RNA, generated from PC3, survivin protein levels controlled both cell viability and LC3 localization in response to CCL2 treatment. Altogether, these findings indicate that CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/survivin pathway and reveal survivin as a critical molecule in this survival mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Roca
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Sawa Y, Tsuruga E, Iwasawa K, Ishikawa H, Yoshida S. Leukocyte adhesion molecule and chemokine production through lipoteichoic acid recognition by toll-like receptor 2 in cultured human lymphatic endothelium. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 333:237-52. [PMID: 18523807 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported that the human lymphatic endothelium has toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated lipopolysaccharide recognition mechanisms that induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Although ligand engagement with TLR2 enables activation of the MyD88-dependent pathway similarly to TLR4, whether TLR2 ligands such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) trigger the activation of lymphatic endothelium remains unclear. This study has been designed to investigate the expression dynamics of LTA-induced leukocyte adhesion molecules and chemokines in cultured human lymphatic endothelium (LEC). Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR analyses have shown that LEC usually expresses TLR2 and increases TLR2 gene expression on LTA treatment. Indeed, LTA-treated LEC increases the expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 but does not alter the gene expression of ICAM-2, ICAM-3, junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1), JAM-3, or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). The expression of LTA-induced E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in LEC is suppressed by anti-TLR2 but not by anti-TLR4 and is also suppressed by TLR2-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) but not by siRNA for TLR4. The expression of CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 (Cys-Cys motif chemokines) and of CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL8 (Cys-X-Cys motif chemokines) was induced in LEC with LTA. These data suggest that the human lymphatic endothelial phenotype has TLR2-mediated LTA-recognition mechanisms, resulting in increased expression of inflammatory leukocyte adhesion molecules and phagocyte-attractive chemokines. The human lymphatic endothelium may thus function to collect leukocytes from tissues into lymphatic vessels by means of immunologically functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Sawa Y, Tsuruga E. The expression of E-selectin and chemokines in the cultured human lymphatic endothelium with lipopolysaccharides. J Anat 2008; 212:654-63. [PMID: 18410313 PMCID: PMC2409092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of selectins and chemokines in cultured human lymphatic endothelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. In microarray, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expressions in the lymphatic endothelium with lipopolysaccharides did not change at 0.5 h but increased two- to three-fold at 12 h, whereas E-selectin increased 10-fold at 0.5 h and 68-fold at 12 h compared with untreated cells. The E-selectin mRNA and protein increased in the lymphatic endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides at more than two-fold levels compared with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Induction of Cys-Cys chemokine ligand 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 20 mRNAs in the lymphatic endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides was detected in microarray and real-time PCR. The Cys-Cys chemokine ligand 2, 5 and 20 mRNA amounts in cells with high concentration lipopolysaccharides were larger in the lymphatic endothelial cells than in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The Cys-Cys chemokine ligand 3 and 8 mRNAs were not detected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Induction of Cys-X-Cys chemokine ligand 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 mRNAs was detected in the lymphatic endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides. The Cys-X-Cys chemokine ligand 3, 5 and 8 mRNA amounts in cells with high concentration lipopolysaccharides were larger in the lymphatic endothelial cells than in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the cultured human lymphatic endothelial cells express E-selectin and phagocyte-attractive chemokine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Japan.
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Chapter 14 Advances in the Discovery of CC Chemokine Receptor 2 Antagonists. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(07)42014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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