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Lohova E, Pilmane M. Expression of MUC-2, MUC-6, NAPE-PLD, IL-6 and IL-13 in Healthy and Metaplastic Bronchial Epithelium. Diseases 2022; 11:diseases11010005. [PMID: 36648870 PMCID: PMC9844475 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The normal tissue structure of the respiratory system is necessary to provide adequate protection of the airways and lungs. Prolonged exposure to trigger factors can result in adaptive mechanism activation and lead to the development of chronic pulmonary diseases or even dysplastic changes. Materials and methods: Respiratory system material with a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium was obtained from 12 patients (aged 16 to 95), and material with a stratified squamosa epithelium was obtained from six patients (aged 23 to 93). Routine staining was performed, and an immunohistochemistry was conducted for MUC-2, MUC-6, NAPE-PLD, IL-6 and IL-13. Results: Inflammatory processes were not detected in any of the specimens. A number of correlations were identified, with the most important being a strong positive correlation for IL-13 between the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages and a strong positive correlation for IL-6 between the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages in the stratified squamous epithelium group. We also detected a statistically significant difference in IL-6 in alveolar macrophages. Conclusions: There were no signs of dysplastic changes in either group. Increased secretion of IL-13 in the stratified squamous epithelium group shows its involvement in metaplastic changes in the bronchial epithelium. The secretion of atypical factors by hyaline cartilage demonstrates its plasticity and adaptability.
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Interleukin-13 promotes cellular senescence through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in IgG4-related sialadenitis. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:29. [PMID: 35718799 PMCID: PMC9207030 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disease and the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the cellular senescence during the progress of IgG4-RS. We found that the expression of IL-13 and IL-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1) as well as the number of senescent cells were significantly higher in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of IgG4-RS patients. IL-13 directly induced senescence as shown by the elevated activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), the decreased cell proliferation, and the upregulation of senescence markers (p53 and p16) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors (IL-1β and IL-6) in SMG-C6 cells. Mechanistically, IL-13 increased the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (p-STAT6) and mitochondrial-reactive oxygen species (mtROS), while decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, and the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Notably, the IL-13-induced cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction could be inhibited by pretreatment with either STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 or mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger MitoTEMPO. Moreover, IL-13 increased the interaction between p-STAT6 and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) and decreased the transcriptional activity of CREB on SOD2. Taken together, our findings revealed a critical role of IL-13 in the induction of salivary gland epithelial cell senescence through the elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress in a STAT6–CREB–SOD2-dependent pathway in IgG4-RS.
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Tezcan D, Sivrikaya A, Ergün D, Özer H, Eryavuz Onmaz D, Körez MK, Akdağ T, Gülcemal S, Limon M, Yılmaz S. Evaluation of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-13, and IL-17 levels and computed tomography finding in interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease patients. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4713-4724. [PMID: 34181129 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most severe complications which is associated with connective tissue disease (CTD) and causes to morbidity and mortality. So, we aimed to determine serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-13, and IL-17, to investigate whether these cytokines are related to CTD-ILD, and to find their possible contribution to determining the prognosis of the disease. METHODS A total of 150 participants, 80 patients diagnosed with CTD-ILD (mean age, 58.21 ± 12.36) and 70 healthy controls (mean age, 57.07 ± 9.60) were recruited from the rheumatology department between January 2016 and June 2019 in the study. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings were scored as similarly to previous studies. Serum IL-6, IL 13, and IL-17 levels were measured by ELISA test kits. RESULTS The levels of IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17 in CTD patients were significantly higher than the healthy individuals (p < 001), but the HRCT score's relation were not determined. IL-6 was associated with disease duration and disease activity scores of DAS28, ESDAII, and dSSc. There was a significant relation between dSSc, HCRT fibrosis, and total score.CRP, hemoglobin, and platelets were associated with the HRCT inflammation pattern. CONCLUSION At the study, it has been observed that serum IL-13, IL-6 and IL-17 levels are increased in patients with CTD-ILD. Besides, IL-6 was associated with disease activity scores of DAS28, ESDAII, and dSSc. Also, HRCT fibrosis score is associated with dSSc. Further and comprehensive studies are needed to understand better the complex intersection of lung disease with systemic autoimmunity. Key Points • Serum IL-13, IL-6, and IL-17 levels are increased in patients with CTD-ILD. • IL-6 was associated with disease activity scores of DAS28, ESDAII, and diffuse skin involvement. • HRCT fibrosis score is associated with diffuse skin involvement in patients with SSc-ILD. • HRCT inflammation score is associated with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Tezcan
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Division of Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ergün
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Halil Özer
- Division of Radiology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Division of Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muslu Kazım Körez
- Division of Biostatistics, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Turan Akdağ
- Division of Biochemistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Vocational School, Konya, Turkey
| | - Semral Gülcemal
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Limon
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sema Yılmaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
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Lio CT, Dhanda SK, Bose T. Cluster Analysis of Dry Eye Disease Models Based on Immune Cell Parameters - New Insight Into Therapeutic Perspective. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1930. [PMID: 33133058 PMCID: PMC7550429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) can be represented as a display of disease in the mucosal part of the eye. It is quite distinct from the retinal side of the eye which connects with the neurons and thus represents the neuroimmunological disease. DED can occur either by the internal damage of the T cells inside the body or by microbial infections. Here we summarize the most common animal model systems used for DED relating to immune factors. We aimed to identify the most important immune cell/cytokine among the animal models of the disease. We also show the essential immune factors which are being tested for DED treatment. In our results, both the mechanism and the treatment of its animal models indicate the involvement of Th1 cells and the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) related to the Th1-cells. The study is intended to increase the knowledge of the animal models in the field of the ocular surface along with the opening of a dimension of thoughts while designing a new animal model or treatment paradigm for ocular surface inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tong Lio
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tanima Bose
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Nayar S, Campos J, Smith CG, Iannizzotto V, Gardner DH, Mourcin F, Roulois D, Turner J, Sylvestre M, Asam S, Glaysher B, Bowman SJ, Fearon DT, Filer A, Tarte K, Luther SA, Fisher BA, Buckley CD, Coles MC, Barone F. Immunofibroblasts are pivotal drivers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation and local pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13490-13497. [PMID: 31213547 PMCID: PMC6613169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905301116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident fibroblasts at sites of infection, chronic inflammation, or cancer undergo phenotypic and functional changes to support leukocyte migration and, in some cases, aggregation into tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). The molecular programming that shapes these changes and the functional requirements of this population in TLS development are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that external triggers at mucosal sites are able to induce the progressive differentiation of a population of podoplanin (pdpn)-positive stromal cells into a network of immunofibroblasts that are able to support the earliest phases of TLS establishment. This program of events, that precedes lymphocyte infiltration in the tissue, is mediated by paracrine and autocrine signals mainly regulated by IL13. This initial fibroblast network is expanded and stabilized, once lymphocytes are recruited, by the local production of the cytokines IL22 and lymphotoxin. Interfering with this regulated program of events or depleting the immunofibroblasts in vivo results in abrogation of local pathology, demonstrating the functional role of immunofibroblasts in supporting TLS maintenance in the tissue and suggesting novel therapeutic targets in TLS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Nayar
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Charlotte G Smith
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Valentina Iannizzotto
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Frédéric Mourcin
- UMR INSERM U1236, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - David Roulois
- UMR INSERM U1236, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Jason Turner
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marvin Sylvestre
- UMR INSERM U1236, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Saba Asam
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bridget Glaysher
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas T Fearon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0RE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR INSERM U1236, Université Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark C Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom;
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2WB Birmingham, United Kingdom;
- bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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Mao YM, Zhao CN, Leng J, Leng RX, Ye DQ, Zheng SG, Pan HF. Interleukin-13: A promising therapeutic target for autoimmune disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:9-23. [PMID: 30581068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) was previously thought to be a redundant presence of IL-4, but in recent years its role in immunity, inflammation, fibrosis, and allergic diseases has become increasingly prominent. IL-13 can regulate several subtypes of T helper (Th) cells and affect their transformation, including Th1, Th2, T17, etc., thus it may play an important role in immune system. Previous studies have revealed that IL-13 is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), ulcerative colitis (UC), type 1 diabetes (T1D), sjogren's syndrome (SS), etc. In this review, we will briefly discuss the biological features of IL-13 and summarize recent advances in the role of IL-13 in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This information may provide new perspectives and suggestions for the selection of therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Chan-Na Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, 15 Yonghong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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7
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Clinical and immunological parameters of Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1053-1064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhou J, Yu Q. Anti-IL-7 receptor-α treatment ameliorates newly established Sjögren's-like exocrinopathy in non-obese diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2438-2447. [PMID: 29680668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The levels of interleukin (IL)-7 and its receptor are elevated in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Our previous study indicates that IL-7 plays a critical pathogenic role in the development and onset of SS in a mouse model of this disease. The present study aims at determining whether IL-7 also plays a role in sustaining SS pathologies after the disease onset, by using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) model. Intraperitoneal administration of a blocking antibody against the IL-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) to female NOD mice aged 10 weeks, which exhibited newly onset clinical SS, for the duration of 3 weeks significantly ameliorated characteristic SS pathologies including hyposalivation and leukocyte infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in IFN-γ-producing CD4 T- and CD8 T cells, B cells, and lymphocyte chemoattractants CXCL9, -10, -11 and -13 in the SMGs. Anti-IL-7Rα treatment markedly diminished the amount of TNF-α in the SMGs and increased the level of claudin-1 and aquaporin 5, two molecules critical for normal salivary secretion. Furthermore, neutralization of IFN-γ and TNF-α, individually or in combination, considerably improved salivary secretion, reduced leukocyte infiltration and down-regulated CXCL9 and -13 expression in the SMGs. Collectively, the results indicate that endogenous IL-7R signals promote Th1 and Tc1 responses and IFN-γ- and TNF-α production to sustain the persistence of SS-like sialadenitis in NOD mice. These findings suggest that IL-7 and Th1 cytokines could serve as promising therapeutic targets for this prevalent autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qing Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115..
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Li X, Yu D, Yu N, Wang X, Li X, Harris DCH, Wang Y. B7-H4 deficiency in salivary gland of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome impairs the regulatory effect on T cells. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:474-480. [PMID: 28217953 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our previous study confirmed the defect of B7-H4 expression in peripheral blood and salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the deficit expression of B7-H4 on CD4+ T cells. METHODS CD4+ T cells were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting MACS. The proliferation and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells co-cultured with purified salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) from pSS or non-SS sicca syndrome were detected. RESULTS By co-culturing the gland cells with CD4+ T cells, we found the proliferation of CD4+ T cells was significantly suppressed. The effect was weaker when SGECs from pSS patients were used compared to that from non-pSS sicca syndrome controls. Simultaneously, the productions of cytokines interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-6 in supernatant were reduced and also SGECs from pSS patients decreased them less than that from non-SS controls. CONCLUSIONS The decrease of B7-H4 expression in salivary glands of SS patients contributes to the defect of negatively regulating the inflammation caused by CD4+ T cells, thereby providing new insights into the role of B7-H4 in the inflammatory process of salivary glands in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Daliang Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui.,Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Ximei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Xiangpei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Dry eye disease and uveitis: A closer look at immune mechanisms in animal models of two ocular autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1181-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Crispín JC, Rosetti F, Hernández-Molina G. Lessons from Sjögren’s syndrome etiopathogenesis: Novel cellular and molecular targets. World J Immunol 2015; 5:152-159. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects primarily the lacrimal and salivary glands. In addition to a systemic autoimmune response directed against ubiquitous antigens (such as Ro and La antigens), patients with SS mount a localized response that affects the epithelial component of exocrine glands leading to the establishment of a destructive inflammatory infiltrate comprised of activated T and B cells. Local chemokine and cytokine production drive the recruitment and local activation of immune cells that cause injury to acinar cells. CD4 T cells with different functional differentiation programs including Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-13, IL-4) and Th17 (IL-17, IL-21, IL-22) as well as diverse cytokine signaling pathways, are involved at the initiation, perpetuation, and progression of the disease. Which factors initiate this response and allow it to become chronic are unknown. Proposed mechanisms include viral infections and acinar cell apoptosis. Moreover risk-conferring genetic variants, probably through the facilitation of innate and adaptive immune activation, most certainly contribute to the creation of an underlying environment that fosters tolerance loss and facilitates perpetuation of the autoimmune response. In this review, we describe the mechanisms through which the immune response causes SS and emphasize the pathways that are amenable of being targeted with therapeutic purposes.
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Belle I, Mahlios J, McKenzie A, Zhuang Y. Aberrant production of IL-13 by T cells promotes exocrinopathy in Id3 knockout mice. Cytokine 2014; 69:226-33. [PMID: 25010390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the cytokine IL-13 has been found to be associated with autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's Syndrome. However, whether IL-13 plays a causative role in disease development is not known and cannot be easily studied in humans. Our previous work has shown that levels of IL-13 are elevated in Id3 knockout mice, which has been established as a model for primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Here, we utilized an IL-13 reporter to determine the source of the elevated IL-13 levels observed in Id3 knockout mice and assess its contribution to SS pathology. Our results indicate that T cells, notably CD4 and γδ T cells, in Id3 knockout mice acquire IL-13 competency at an elevated rate well before disease symptoms become apparent. We also show that T cells developing early in life are more predisposed to produce IL-13. Finally, analysis of Id3 and IL-13 double deficient mice demonstrated that IL-13 plays an essential role in the deterioration of gland function. Our study provides crucial genetic evidence that enhanced IL-13 production by T cells can play a causative role in the exocrinopathy observed in Id3 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Belle
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Josh Mahlios
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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13
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A functionally significant polymorphism in ID3 is associated with human coronary pathology. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90222. [PMID: 24603695 PMCID: PMC3946163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We previously identified association between the ID3 SNP rs11574 and carotid intima-media thickness in the Diabetes Heart Study, a predominantly White diabetic population. The nonsynonymous SNP rs11574 results in an amino acid substitution in the C-terminal region of ID3, attenuating the dominant negative function of ID3 as an inhibitor of basic HLH factor E12-mediated transcription. In the current investigation, we characterize the association between the functionally significant polymorphism in ID3, rs11574, with human coronary pathology. Methods and Results The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a longitudinal study of subclinical cardiovascular disease, including non-Hispanic White (n = 2,588), African American (n = 2,560) and Hispanic (n = 2,130) participants with data on coronary artery calcium (CAC). The Coronary Assessment in Virginia cohort (CAVA) included 71 patients aged 30–80 years, undergoing a medically necessary cardiac catheterization and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at the University of Virginia. ID3 SNP rs11574 risk allele was associated with the presence of CAC in MESA Whites (P = 0.017). In addition, the risk allele was associated with greater atheroma burden and stenosis in the CAVA cohort (P = 0.003, P = 0.04 respectively). The risk allele remained predictive of atheroma burden in multivariate analysis (Model 1: covariates age, gender, and LDL, regression coefficient = 9.578, SE = 3.657, p = 0.0110; Model 2: covariates Model 1, presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes, regression coefficient = 8.389, SE = 4.788, p = 0.0163). Conclusions We present additional cohorts that demonstrate association of ID3 SNP rs11574 directly with human coronary artery pathology as measured by CAC and IVUS: one a multiethnic, relatively healthy population with low levels of diabetes and the second a predominantly White population with a higher incidence of T2DM referred for cardiac catheterization.
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Abstract
The family of inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins is a group of evolutionarily conserved molecules, which play important regulatory roles in organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans. Id proteins are small polypeptides harboring a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif, which are best known to mediate dimerization with other basic HLH proteins, primarily E proteins. Because Id proteins do not possess the basic amino acids adjacent to the HLH motif necessary for DNA binding, Id proteins inhibit the function of E protein homodimers, as well as heterodimers between E proteins and tissue-specific bHLH proteins. However, Id proteins have also been shown to have E protein-independent functions. The Id genes are broadly but differentially expressed in a variety of cell types. Transcription of the Id genes is controlled by transcription factors such as C/EBPβ and Egr as well as by signaling pathways triggered by different stimuli, which include bone morphogenic proteins, cytokines, and ligands of T cell receptors. In general, Id proteins are capable of inhibiting the differentiation of progenitors of different cell types, promoting cell-cycle progression, delaying cellular senescence, and facilitating cell migration. These properties of Id proteins enable them to play significant roles in stem cell maintenance, vasculogenesis, tumorigenesis and metastasis, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. In this review, we intend to highlight the current understanding of the function of Id proteins and discuss gaps in our knowledge about the mechanisms whereby Id proteins exert their diverse effects in multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ling
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bin Kang
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Abstract
As members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors, E proteins function in the immune system by directing and maintaining a vast transcriptional network that regulates cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function. Proper activity of this network is essential to the functionality of the immune system. Aberrations in E protein expression or function can cause numerous defects, ranging from impaired lymphocyte development and immunodeficiency to aberrant function, cancer, and autoimmunity. Additionally, disruption of inhibitor of DNA-binding (Id) proteins, natural inhibitors of E proteins, can induce additional defects in development and function. Although E proteins have been investigated for several decades, their study continues to yield novel and exciting insights into the workings of the immune system. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the various classical roles of E proteins in lymphocyte development and highlight new and ongoing research into how these roles, if compromised, can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Belle
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina, USA.
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily targets salivary and lacrimal glands. SjS affects 2-4 million people in the US alone and greatly affects the life quality of the afflicted individuals. Autoreactive effector T cells are central executors and orchestrators in the pathogenic processes of SjS by mediating target organ inflammation and destruction and by facilitating B cell responses and autoantibody production. A variety of cytokines that are produced by effector T cells or capable of directly affecting effector T cells are elevated in the target organs and circulations of SjS patients. The recent advancement in the understanding about the functions of these cytokines, achieved by using both human samples and mouse disease models, has generated great insights into the cytokine control of autoimmune responses in the SjS disease setting. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on the expression and functions of cytokines in this disease, with specific focus on those derived from T cells and/or directly affecting T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-O Jin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA
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