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Ruiz Luque J, Cevey ÁC, Pieralisi AV, Poncini C, Erra Díaz F, Azevedo Reis MV, Donato M, Mirkin GA, Goren NB, Penas FN. Fenofibrate Induces a Resolving Profile in Heart Macrophage Subsets and Attenuates Acute Chagas Myocarditis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1793-1807. [PMID: 38648355 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, stands as the primary cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in the Americas. Macrophages play a crucial role in the heart's response to infection. Given their functional and phenotypic adaptability, manipulating specific macrophage subsets could be vital in aiding essential cardiovascular functions including tissue repair and defense against infection. PPARα are ligand-dependent transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation regulation. However, the role of fenofibrate, a PPARα ligand, in the activation profile of cardiac macrophages as well as its effect on the early inflammatory and fibrotic response in the heart remains unexplored. The present study demonstrates that fenofibrate significantly reduces not only the serum activity of tissue damage biomarker enzymes (LDH and GOT) but also the circulating proportions of pro-inflammatory monocytes (CD11b+ LY6Chigh). Furthermore, both CD11b+ Ly6Clow F4/80high macrophages (MΦ) and recently differentiated CD11b+ Ly6Chigh F4/80high monocyte-derived macrophages (MdMΦ) shift toward a resolving phenotype (CD206high) in the hearts of fenofibrate-treated mice. This shift correlates with a reduction in fibrosis, inflammation, and restoration of ventricular function in the early stages of Chagas disease. These findings encourage the repositioning of fenofibrate as a potential ancillary immunotherapy adjunct to antiparasitic drugs, addressing inflammation to mitigate Chagas disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz Luque
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Ágata Carolina Cevey
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Azul Victoria Pieralisi
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Carolina Poncini
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Fernando Erra Díaz
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Marcus Vinicius Azevedo Reis
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Martin Donato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Ariel Mirkin
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Nora Beatriz Goren
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
| | - Federico Nicolás Penas
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
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Gutierrez BC, Lammel E, González-Cappa SM, Poncini CV. Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:768566. [PMID: 34900754 PMCID: PMC8656353 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.768566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that affects millions of people in Latin America. Infection occurs by vectorial transmission or by transfusion or transplacental route. Immune events occurring immediately after the parasite entrance are poorly explored. Dendritic cells (DCs) are target for the parasite immune evasion mechanisms. Recently, we have demonstrated that two different populations of DCs display variable activation after interaction with the two infective forms of the parasite: metacyclic or blood trypomastigotes (mTp or bTp) in vitro. The skin constitutes a complex network with several populations of antigen-presenting cells. Previously, we have demonstrated T. cruzi conditioning the repertoire of cells recruited into the site of infection. In the present work, we observed that mTp and bTp inoculation displayed differences in cell recruitment to the site of infection and in the activation status of APCs in draining lymph nodes and spleen during acute infection. Animals inoculated with mTp exhibited 100% of survival with no detectable parasitemia, in contrast with those injected with bTp that displayed high mortality and high parasite load. Animals infected with mTp and challenged with a lethal dose of bTp 15 days after primary infection showed no mortality and incremented DC activation in secondary lymphoid organs compared with controls injected only with bTp or non-infected mice. These animals also displayed a smaller number of amastigote nests in cardiac tissue and more CD8 T cells than mice infected with bTp. All the results suggest that both Tp infective stages induce an unequal immune response since the beginning of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Celeste Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela Lammel
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella Maris González-Cappa
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Verónica Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gutierrez BC, Lammel E, Ramirez MI, González-Cappa SM, Poncini CV. Modulatory Effect of Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages in Different Dendritic Cell Populations in vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:20. [PMID: 32175284 PMCID: PMC7057235 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that infects at least 7 million persons in the world (OMS, 2019). In endemic areas, infection normally occurs by vectorial transmission; however, outside, it normally happens by blood and includes congenital transmission. The persistence of T. cruzi during infection suggests the presence of immune evasion mechanisms and the modulation of the anti-parasite response to a profile incapable of eradicating the parasite. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that patrol tissues with a key role in mediating the interface between the innate and adaptive immune response. Previous results from our lab and other groups have demonstrated that T. cruzi modulates the functional properties of DCs, in vitro and in vivo. During vectorial transmission, metacyclic (m) trypomastigotes (Tps) eliminated along with the insect feces reach the mucous membranes or injured skin. When transmission occurs by the hematic route, the parasite stage involved in the infection is the circulating or blood (b) Tp. Here, we studied in vitro the effect of both infective mTp and bTp in two different populations of DCs, bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) and XS106, a cell line derived from epidermal DCs. Results demonstrated that the interaction of both Tps imparts a different effect in the functionality of these two populations of DCs, suggesting that the stage of T. cruzi and DC maturation status could define the immune response from the beginning of the ingress of the parasite, conditioning the course of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Celeste Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela Lammel
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Stella Maris González-Cappa
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Verónica Poncini
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gibaldi D, Vilar-Pereira G, Pereira IR, Silva AA, Barrios LC, Ramos IP, Mata Dos Santos HA, Gazzinelli R, Lannes-Vieira J. CCL3/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α Is Dually Involved in Parasite Persistence and Induction of a TNF- and IFNγ-Enriched Inflammatory Milieu in Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Chronic Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:306. [PMID: 32194558 PMCID: PMC7063958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL3, a member of the CC-chemokine family, has been associated with macrophage recruitment to heart tissue and parasite control in the acute infection of mouse with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Here, we approached the participation of CCL3 in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), the main clinical form of Chagas disease. We induced CCC in C57BL/6 (ccl3+/+) and CCL3-deficient (ccl3−/−) mice by infection with the Colombian Type I strain. In ccl3+/+ mice, high levels of CCL3 mRNA and protein were detected in the heart tissue during the acute and chronic infection. Survival was not affected by CCL3 deficiency. In comparison with ccl3+/+, chronically infected ccl3−/− mice presented reduced cardiac parasitism and inflammation due to CD8+ cells and macrophages. Leukocytosis was decreased in infected ccl3−/− mice, paralleling the accumulation of CD8+ T cells devoid of activated CCR5+ LFA-1+ cells in the spleen. Further, T. cruzi-infected ccl3−/−mice presented reduced frequency of interferon-gamma (IFNγ)+ cells and numbers of parasite-specific IFNγ-producing cells, while the T. cruzi antigen-specific cytotoxic activity was increased. Stimulation of CCL3-deficient macrophages with IFNγ improved parasite control, in a milieu with reduced nitric oxide (NOx) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but similar interleukin-10 (IL-10), concentrations. In comparison with chronically T. cruzi-infected ccl3+/+ counterparts, ccl3−/− mice did not show enlarged heart, loss of left ventricular ejection fraction, QTc prolongation and elevated CK-MB activity. Compared with ccl3+/+, infected ccl3−/− mice showed reduced concentrations of TNF, while IL-10 levels were not affected, in the heart milieu. In spleen of ccl3+/+ NI controls, most of the CD8+ T-cells expressing the CCL3 receptors CCR1 or CCR5 were IL-10+, while in infected mice these cells were mainly TNF+. Lastly, selective blockage of CCR1/CCR5 (Met-RANTES therapy) in chronically infected ccl3+/+ mice reversed pivotal electrical abnormalities (bradycardia, prolonged PR, and QTc interval), in correlation with reduced TNF and, mainly, CCL3 levels in the heart tissue. Therefore, in the chronic T. cruzi infection CCL3 takes part in parasite persistence and contributes to form a CD8+ T-cell and macrophage-enriched cardiac inflammation. Further, increased levels of CCL3 create a scenario with abundant IFNγ and TNF, associated with cardiomyocyte injury, heart dysfunction and QTc prolongation, biomarkers of severity of Chagas' heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Alice Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leda Castaño Barrios
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Gazzinelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mingomataj EÇ, Bakiri AH. Regulator Versus Effector Paradigm: Interleukin-10 as Indicator of the Switching Response. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 50:97-113. [PMID: 26450621 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-10 (IL-10) is generally considered as the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties and one of the key cytokines preventing inflammation-mediated tissue damage. In this respect, IL-10 producing cells play a crucial role in the outcome of infections, allergy, autoimmune reactions, tumor development, and transplant tolerance. Based on recent findings with regard to the mentioned clinical conditions, this review attempts to shed some light on the IL-10 functions, considering this cytokine as inherent inducer of the switching immunity. While acute infections and vaccinations are associated by IL-10 enhanced during few weeks, chronic parasitoses, tumor diseases, allergen-specific immunotherapy, transplants, and use of immune-suppressor drugs show an increased IL-10 level along months or years. With regard to autoimmune pathologies, the IL-10 increase is prevalently observed during early stages, whereas the successive stages are characterized by reaching of immune equilibrium independently to disease's activity. Together, these findings indicate that IL-10 is mainly produced during transient immune conditions and the persistent IL-10-related effect is the indication/prediction (and maybe effectuation) of the switching immunity. Actual knowledge emphasizes that any manipulation of the IL-10 response for treatment purposes should be considered very cautiously due to its potential hazards to the immune system. Probably, the IL-10 as potential switcher of immunity response should be used in association with co-stimulatory immune effectors that are necessary to determine the appropriate deviation during treatment of respective pathologies. Hopefully, further findings would open new avenues to study the biology of this "master switch" cytokine and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Ç Mingomataj
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, "Mother Theresa" School of Medicine, Tirana, Albania. .,Faculty of Technical Medical Sciences, Department of Preclinical Disciplines, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Alketa H Bakiri
- Hygeia Hospital Tirana, Outpatients Service, Allergology Consulting Room, Tirana, Albania.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Albanian University, Tirana, Albania
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Doxycycline and Benznidazole Reduce the Profile of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Cardiac Tissue from Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Dogs. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3694714. [PMID: 27688600 PMCID: PMC5023831 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3694714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines (CKs) and chemokine receptors (CKR) promote leukocyte recruitment into cardiac tissue infected by the Trypanosoma cruzi. This study investigated the long-term treatment with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline (Dox) in association, or not, with benznidazole (Bz) on the expression of CK and CKR in cardiac tissue. Thirty mongrel dogs were infected, or not, with the Berenice-78 strain of T. cruzi and grouped according their treatments: (i) two months after infection, Dox (50 mg/kg) 2x/day for 12 months; (ii) nine months after infection, Bz (3,5 mg/kg) 2x/day for 60 days; (iii) Dox + Bz; and (iv) vehicle. After 14 months of infection, hearts were excised and processed for qPCR analysis of Th1 (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL11), Th2 (CCL1, CCL17, CCL24, and CCL26), Th17 (CCL20) CKs, Th1 (CCR5, CCR6, and CXCR3), and Th2/Th17 (CCR3, CCR4, and CCR8) CKR, as well as IL-17. T. cruzi infection increases CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL10, and CCR5 expression in the heart. Dox, Bz, or Dox + Bz treatments cause a reversal of CK and CKR and reduce the expression of CCL20, IL-17, CCR6, and CXCR3. Our data reveal an immune modulatory effect of Dox with Bz, during the chronic phase of infection suggesting a promising therapy for cardiac protection.
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de Oliveira AP, Ayo CM, Bestetti RB, Brandão de Mattos CC, Cavasini CE, de Mattos LC. The role of CCR5 in Chagas disease - a systematic review. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:132-137. [PMID: 27539514 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The clinical manifestations result from the chronic forms of the disease: indeterminate, cardiac, digestive or mixed. The pathogenesis of this disease is related to the genetic variability of both the parasite and the host with polymorphisms of genes involved in immune response possibly being involved in the variable clinical course. Cytokines play a key role in regulating immune response, in particular chemokines exert a crucial role in the control of leukocyte migration during the host's response to infectious processes. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in the generation of inflammatory infiltrates and tissue damage. The involvement of the CC Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) in leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation has been elucidated and this receptor has been investigated in Chagas disease. Here we review the role of CCR5 in T. cruzi infection as well as its importance in the pathogenesis of the Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane M Ayo
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Bestetti
- Departamento de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinara C Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Cavasini
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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TGF-β receptor type II costameric localization in cardiomyocytes and host cell TGF-β response is disrupted by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Parasitology 2016; 143:704-15. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYTransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) cytokine is involved in Chagas disease establishment and progression. Since Trypanosoma cruzi can modulate host cell receptors, we analysed the TGF-β receptor type II (TβRII) expression and distribution during T. cruzi – cardiomyocyte interaction. TβRII immunofluorescent staining revealed a striated organization in cardiomyocytes, which was co-localized with vinculin costameres and enhanced (38%) after TGF-β treatment. Cytochalasin D induced a decrease of 45·3% in the ratio of cardiomyocytes presenting TβRII striations, demonstrating an association of TβRII with the cytoskeleton. Western blot analysis showed that cytochalasin D significantly inhibited Smad 2 phosphorylation and fibronectin stimulation after TGF-β treatment in cardiomyocytes. Trypanosoma cruzi infection elicited a decrease of 79·8% in the frequency of cardiomyocytes presenting TβRII striations, but did not interfere significantly in its expression. In addition, T. cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes present a lower response to exogenous TGF-β, showing no enhancement of TβRII striations and a reduction of phosphorylated Smad 2, with no significant difference in TβRII expression when compared to uninfected cells. Together, these results suggest that the co-localization of TβRII with costameres is important in activating the TGF-β signalling cascade, and that T. cruzi-derived cytoskeleton disorganization could result in altered or low TGF-β response in infected cardiomyocytes.
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Luz PR, Miyazaki MI, Chiminacio Neto N, Padeski MC, Barros ACM, Boldt ABW, Messias-Reason IJ. Genetically Determined MBL Deficiency Is Associated with Protection against Chronic Cardiomyopathy in Chagas Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004257. [PMID: 26745156 PMCID: PMC4706301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose sugar moieties are recognized by mannan binding lectin (MBL), a soluble pattern-recognition molecule that activates the lectin pathway of complement. MBL levels and protein activity are affected by polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene. We sequenced the MBL2 promoter and exon 1 in 196 chronic CD patients and 202 controls. The MBL2*C allele, which causes MBL deficiency, was associated with protection against CD (P = 0.007, OR = 0.32). Compared with controls, genotypes with this allele were completely absent in patients with the cardiac form of the disease (P = 0.003). Furthermore, cardiac patients with genotypes causing MBL deficiency presented less heart damage (P = 0.003, OR = 0.23), compared with cardiac patients having the XA haplotype causing low MBL levels, but fully capable of activating complement (P = 0.005, OR = 7.07). Among the patients, those with alleles causing MBL deficiency presented lower levels of cytokines and chemokines possibly implicated in symptom development (IL9, p = 0.013; PDGFB, p = 0.036 and RANTES, p = 0.031). These findings suggest a protective effect of genetically determined MBL deficiency against the development and progression of chronic CD cardiomyopathy. Chagas disease is considered an important neglected tropical disease, affecting approximately ten million people in Latin America. Although most infected individuals remain asymptomatic, one third of patients develop a chronic heart disease, with progressive inflammation, increase of myocardium, arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency and heart failure. To date, there is no available marker to indicate the progression neither to determinate the severity of heart damage. Mannan binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the immune system able to recognize specific regions on the microorganism surfaces (including Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease) which activate the complement system, a crucial mechanism of the effector immunity. MBL levels and protein activity are affected by genetic differences, named polymorphisms, in the MBL2 gene. This is the first Brazilian study with MBL2 polymorphisms in chronic Chagas disease. We sequenced two regions of MBL2 gene in 196 patients and 202 controls. We found that a polymorphism associated with deficient complement activation protects against Chagas disease and patients with deficiency-associated genotypes presented less echocardiographic alterations. Among the patients, those with alleles causing MBL deficiency presented lower levels of cytokines and chemokines possibly implicated in symptom development (IL9, p = 0.013; PDGFB, p = 0.036 and RANTES, p = 0.031). These findings lead us to suggest that genetically determined MBL deficiency plays a protective role against the development and progression of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rosa Luz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Márcia I. Miyazaki
- Ambulatório de Atenção ao Paciente Chagásico—Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Nelson Chiminacio Neto
- Serviço de Ecocardiografia—Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Marcela C. Padeski
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia M. Barros
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Angelica B. W. Boldt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana–Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Iara J. Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Robinson RT. IL12Rβ1: the cytokine receptor that we used to know. Cytokine 2014; 71:348-59. [PMID: 25516297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human IL12RB1 encodes IL12Rβ1, a type I transmembrane receptor that is an essential component of the IL12- and IL23-signaling complex. IL12RB1 is well-established as being a promoter of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), the immunological reaction that limits tuberculosis. However, recent data demonstrate that in addition to promoting DTH, IL12RB1 also promotes autoimmunity. The contradictory roles of IL12RB1 in human health raises the question, what are the factors governing IL12RB1 function in a given individual, and how is inter-individual variability in IL12RB1 function introduced? Here we review recent data that demonstrate individual variability in IL12RB1 function is introduced at the epigenetic, genomic polymorphism, and mRNA splicing levels. Where and how these differences contribute to disease susceptibility and outcome are also reviewed. Collectively, recent data support a model wherein IL12RB1 sequence variability - whether introduced at the genomic or post-transcriptional level - contributes to disease, and that human IL12RB1 is not as simple a gene as we once believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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