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Ganesan M, Wang W, Mathews S, Makarov E, New-Aaron M, Dagur RS, Malo A, Protzer U, Kharbanda KK, Casey CA, Poluektova LY, Osna NA. Ethanol attenuates presentation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes on hepatocytes of HBV-infected humanized mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:40-51. [PMID: 34773268 PMCID: PMC8799491 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Approximately 3.5% of the global population is chronically infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), which puts them at high risk of end-stage liver disease, with the risk of persistent infection potentiated by alcohol consumption. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of alcohol on HBV persistence remain unclear. Here, we aimed to establish in vivo/ex vivo evidence that alcohol suppresses HBV peptides-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen display on primary human hepatocytes (PHH), which diminishes the recognition and clearance of HBV-infected hepatocytes by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). METHODS We used fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)-/-, Rag2-/-, common cytokine receptor gamma chain knock-out (FRG-KO) humanized mice transplanted with human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-positive hepatocytes. The mice were HBV-infected and fed control and alcohol diets. Isolated hepatocytes were exposed ex vivo to HBV 18-27-HLA-A2-restricted CTLs to quantify cytotoxicity. For mechanistic studies, we measured proteasome activities, unfolded protein response (UPR), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hepatocytes from HBV-infected humanized mouse livers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We found that alcohol feeding attenuated HBV core 18-27-HLA-A2 complex presentation on infected hepatocytes due to the suppression of proteasome function and ER stress induction, which diminished both the processing of HBV peptides and trafficking of HBV-MHC class I complexes to the hepatocyte surface. This alcohol-mediated decrease in MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation of the CTL epitope on target hepatocytes reduced the CTL-specific elimination of infected cells, potentially leading to HBV-infection persistence, which promotes end-stage liver disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Edward Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Toxicology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Raghubendra Singh Dagur
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Antje Malo
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Hamburg, and Heidelberg partner sites, Germany
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Larisa Y. Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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2
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Li N, Zhan X. Integrated genomic analysis of proteasome alterations across 11,057 patients with 33 cancer types: clinically relevant outcomes in framework of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:605-627. [PMID: 34956426 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Relevance Proteasome, a cylindrical complex containing 19S regulatory particle lid, 19S regulatory particle base, and 20S core particle, acted as a major mechanism to regulate the levels of intracellular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins, which involved in many cellular processes, and played important roles in cancer biological processes. Elucidation of proteasome alterations across multiple cancer types will directly contribute to cancer medical services in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3P medicine). Purpose This study aimed to investigate proteasome gene alterations across 33 cancer types for discovery of effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the framework of PPPM practice in cancers. Methods Proteasome gene data, including gene expression RNAseq, somatic mutation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), copy number variant (CNV), microsatellite instability (MSI) score, clinical characteristics, immune phenotype, 22 immune cells, cancer stemness index, drug sensitivity, and related pathways, were systematically analyzed with publically available database and bioinformatics across 11,057 patients with 33 cancer types. Results Differentially expressed proteasome genes were extensively found between tumor and control tissues. PSMB4 occurred the top mutation event among proteasome genes, and those proteasome genes were significantly associated with TMB and MSI score. Most of proteasome genes were positively related to CNV among single deletion, control copy number, and single gain. Kaplan-Meier curves and COX regression survival analysis showed proteasome genes were significantly associated with patient survival rate across 33 cancer types. Furthermore, the expressions of proteasome genes were significantly different among different clinical stages and immune subtypes. The expressions of proteasome genes were correlated with immune-related scores (ImmuneScore, StromalScore, and ESTIMATEScore), 22 immune cells, and cancer stemness. The sensitivities of multiple drugs were closely related to proteasome gene expressions. The identified proteasome and proteasome-interacted proteins were significantly enriched in various cancer-related pathways. Conclusions This study provided the first landscape of proteasome alterations across 11,057 patients with 33 cancer types and revealed that proteasome played a significant and wide functional role in cancer biological processes. These findings are the precious scientific data to reveal the common and specific alterations of proteasome genes among 33 cancer types, which benefits the research and practice of PPPM in cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-021-00256-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People's Republic of China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People's Republic of China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People's Republic of China.,Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong First Medical University, 38 Wuying Shan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250031 People's Republic of China
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3
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Lee C, Day J, Goodman SM, Pedrono M, Besnard G, Frantz L, Taylor PJ, Herrera MJ, Gongora J. Genetic origins and diversity of bushpigs from Madagascar (Potamochoerus larvatus, family Suidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:20629. [PMID: 33244111 PMCID: PMC7693328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The island of Madagascar, situated off the southeast coast of Africa, shows the first evidence of human presence ~ 10,000 years ago; however, other archaeological data indicates a settlement of the modern peoples of the island distinctly more recent, perhaps > 1500 years ago. Bushpigs of the genus Potamochoerus (family Suidae), are today widely distributed in Madagascar and presumed to have been introduced from Africa at some stage by human immigrants to the island. However, disparities about their origins in Madagascar have been presented in the literature, including the possibility of endemic subspecies, and few empirical data are available. Furthermore, the separation of bushpigs in Madagascar from their mainland relatives may have favoured the evolution of a different repertoire of immune genes first due to a founder effect and then as a response to distinct pathogens compared to their ancestors. Molecular analysis confirmed the species status of the bushpig in Madagascar as P. larvatus, likely introduced from the central region of southern Africa, with no genetic evidence for the recognition of eastern and western subspecies as suggested from previous cranial morphology examination. Investigation of the immunologically important SLA-DQB1 peptide-binding region showed a different immune repertoire of bushpigs in Madagascar compared to those on the African mainland, with seventeen exon-2 haplotypes unique to bushpigs in Madagascar (2/28 haplotypes shared). This suggests that the MHC diversity of the Madagascar populations may have enabled Malagasy bushpigs to adapt to new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Lee
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jenna Day
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
- Association Vahatra, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- UMR ASTRE, INRAE, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS, UPS, IRD, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Frantz
- Palaeogenomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa
- Afromontane Research Unit and Zoology Department, University of the Free State, Qwa Qwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Michael J Herrera
- Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jaime Gongora
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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4
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Mediani L, Galli V, Carrà AD, Bigi I, Vinet J, Ganassi M, Antoniani F, Tiago T, Cimino M, Mateju D, Cereda C, Pansarasa O, Alberti S, Mandrioli J, Carra S. BAG3 and BAG6 differentially affect the dynamics of stress granules by targeting distinct subsets of defective polypeptides released from ribosomes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:1045-1058. [PMID: 32696179 PMCID: PMC7591658 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic ribonucleoprotein granules induced by environmental stresses. They play an important role in the stress response by integrating mRNA stability, translation, and signaling pathways. Recent work has connected SG dysfunction to neurodegenerative diseases. In these diseases, SG dynamics are impaired because of mutations in SG proteins or protein quality control factors. Impaired SG dynamics and delayed SG dissolution have also been observed for SGs that accumulate misfolding-prone defective ribosomal products (DRiPs). DRiP accumulation inside SGs is controlled by a surveillance system referred to as granulostasis and encompasses the molecular chaperones VCP and the HSPB8-BAG3-HSP70 complex. BAG3 is a member of the BAG family of proteins, which includes five additional members. One of these proteins, BAG6, is functionally related to BAG3 and able to assist degradation of DRiPs. However, whether BAG6 is involved in granulostasis is unknown. We report that BAG6 is not recruited into SGs induced by different types of stress, nor does it affect SG dynamics. BAG6 also does not replace BAG3's function in SG granulostasis. We show that BAG3 and BAG6 target different subsets of DRiPs, and BAG3 binding to DRiPs is mediated by HSPB8 and HSP70. Our data support the idea that SGs are sensitive to BAG3-HSP70-bound DRiPs but not to BAG6-bound DRiPs. Additionally, only BAG3 is strongly upregulated in the stress recovery phase, when SGs dissolve. These data exclude a role for BAG6 in granulostasis and point to a more specialized function in the clearance of a specific subset of DRiPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mediani
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Galli
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Arianna Dorotea Carrà
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bigi
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Vinet
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Ganassi
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoniani
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tatiana Tiago
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Cimino
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel Mateju
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, St. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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5
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Ganesan M, Mathews S, Makarov E, Petrosyan A, Kharbanda KK, Kidambi S, Poluektova LY, Casey CA, Osna NA. Acetaldehyde suppresses HBV-MHC class I complex presentation on hepatocytes via induction of ER stress and Golgi fragmentation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G432-G442. [PMID: 32755306 PMCID: PMC7654643 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00109.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption worsens hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection pathogenesis. We have recently reported that acetaldehyde suppressed HBV peptide-major histocompatibility complex I (MHC class I) complex display on hepatocytes, limiting recognition and subsequent removal of the infected hepatocytes by HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This suppression was attributed to impaired processing of antigenic peptides by the proteasome. However, in addition to proteasome dysfunction, alcohol may induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Golgi fragmentation in HBV-infected liver cells to reduce uploading of viral peptides to MHC class I and/or trafficking of this complex to the hepatocyte surface. Hence, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether alcohol-induced ER stress and Golgi fragmentation affect HBV peptide-MHC class I complex presentation on HBV+ hepatocytes. Here, we demonstrate that, while both acetaldehyde and HBV independently cause ER stress and Golgi fragmentation, the combined exposure provided an additive effect. Thus we observed an activation of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X-box binding protein 1 and activation transcription factor (ATF)6α, but not the phospho PKR-like ER kinase-phospho eukaryotic initiation factor 2α-ATF4-C/EBP homologous protein arms of ER stress in HBV-transfected cells treated with acetaldehyde-generating system (AGS). In addition, Golgi proteins trans-Golgi network 46, GM130, and Giantin revealed punctate distribution, indicating Golgi fragmentation upon AGS exposure. Furthermore, the effects of acetaldehyde were reproduced by treatment with ER stress inducers, thapsigargin and tunicamycin, which also decreased the display of this complex and MHC class I turnover in HepG2.2.15 cells and HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes. Taken together, alcohol-induced ER stress and Golgi fragmentation contribute to the suppression of HBV peptide-MHC class I complex presentation on HBV+ hepatocytes, which may diminish their recognition by CTLs and promote persistence of HBV infection in hepatocytes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our current findings show that acetaldehyde accelerates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating the unfolded protein response arms inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X-box binding protein 1 and activation transcription factor (ATF)6α but not phospho PKR-like ER kinase-p eukaryotic initiation factor 2α-ATF4-C/EBP homologous protein in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells. It also potentiates Golgi fragmentation, as evident by punctate distribution of Golgi proteins, GM130, trans-Golgi network 46, and Giantin. While concomitantly increasing HBV DNA and HBV surface antigen titers, acetaldehyde-induced ER stress suppresses the presentation of HBV peptide-major histocompatibility complex I complexes on hepatocyte surfaces, thereby promoting the persistence of HBV infection in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Edward Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Nebraska
| | | | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Ganesan M, Krutik VM, Makarov E, Mathews S, Kharbanda KK, Poluektova LY, Casey CA, Osna NA. Acetaldehyde suppresses the display of HBV-MHC class I complexes on HBV-expressing hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G127-G140. [PMID: 31141391 PMCID: PMC6734374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00064.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and alcoholism are major public health problems worldwide, contributing to the development of end-stage liver disease. Alcohol intake affects HBV infection pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in HBV clearance. Many previous studies have focused on alcohol-induced impairments of the immune response. However, it is not clear whether alcohol alters the presentation of HBV peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complexes on infected hepatocytes resulting in escape of its recognition by CTLs. Hence, the focus of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which ethanol metabolism affects the presentation of CTL epitope on HBV-infected hepatocytes. As demonstrated here, although continuous cell exposure to acetaldehyde-generating system (AGS) increased HBV load in HepG2.2.15 cells, it decreased the expression of HBV core peptide 18-27-human leukocyte antigen-A2complex (CTL epitope) on the cell surface. Moreover, we observed AGS-induced suppression of chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like proteasome activities necessary for peptide processing by proteasome as well as a decline in IFNγ-stimulated immunoproteasome (IPR) function and expression of PA28 activator and immunoproteasome subunits LMP7 and LMP2. Furthermore, IFNγ-induced activation of peptide-loading complex (PLC) components, such as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1) and tapasin, were suppressed by AGS. The attenuation of IPR and PLC activation was attributed to AGS-triggered impairment of IFNγ signaling in HepG2.2.15 cells. Collectively, all these downstream events reduced the display of HBV peptide-MHC class I complexes on the hepatocyte surface, which may suppress CTL activation and the recognition of CTL epitopes on HBV-expressing hepatocytes by immune cells, thereby leading to persistence of liver inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that in HBV-expressing HepG2.2.15 cells, acetaldehyde alters HBV peptide processing by suppressing chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like proteasome activities and decreases IFNγ-stimulated immunoproteasome function and expression of PA28 activator and immunoproteasome subunits. It also suppresses IFNγ-induced activation of peptide-loading complex (PLC) components due to impairment of IFNγ signaling via the JAK-STAT1 pathway. These acetaldehyde-induced dysfunctions reduced the display of HBV peptide-MHC class I complexes on the hepatocyte surface, thereby leading to persistence of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Vjaceslav M Krutik
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Edward Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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7
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Huang X, Li S, Zhan A. Genome-Wide Identification and Evaluation of New Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis Under Temperature and Salinity Stresses in Ciona savignyi. Front Genet 2019; 10:71. [PMID: 30809246 PMCID: PMC6380166 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid adaptation/accommodation to changing environments largely contributes to maximal survival of invaders during biological invasions, usually leading to success in crossing multiple barriers and finally in varied environments in recipient habitats. Gene expression is one of the most important and rapid ways during responses to environmental stresses. Selection of proper reference genes is the crucial prerequisite for gene expression analysis using the common approach, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Here we identified eight candidate novel reference genes from the RNA-Seq data in an invasive model ascidian Ciona savignyi under temperature and salinity stresses. Subsequently, the expression stability of these eight novel reference genes, as well as other six traditionally used reference genes, was evaluated using RT-qPCR and comprehensive tool RefFinder. Under the temperature stress, two traditional reference genes, ribosomal proteins S15 and L17 (RPS15, RPL17), and one novel gene Ras homolog A (RhoA), were recommended as the top three stable genes, which can be used to normalize target genes with a high and moderate expression level, respectively. Under the salinity stress, transmembrane 9 superfamily member (TMN), MOB kinase activator 1A-like gene (MOB) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBQ2) were suggested as the top three stable genes. On the other hand, several commonly used reference genes such as α-tubulin (TubA), β-tubulin (TubB) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) showed unstable expressions, thus these genes should not be used as internal controls for gene expression analysis. We also tested the expression level of an important stress response gene, large proline-rich protein bag6-like gene (BAG) using different reference genes. As expected, we observed different results and conclusions when using different normalization methods, thus suggesting the importance of selection of proper reference genes and associated normalization methods. Our results provide a valuable reference gene resource for the normalization of gene expression in the study of environmental adaptation/accommodation during biological invasions using C. savignyi as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aibin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Hutt DM, Mishra SK, Roth DM, Larsen MB, Angles F, Frizzell RA, Balch WE. Silencing of the Hsp70-specific nucleotide-exchange factor BAG3 corrects the F508del-CFTR variant by restoring autophagy. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13682-13695. [PMID: 29986884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein chaperones heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and Hsp90 are required for de novo folding of proteins and protect against misfolding-related cellular stresses by directing misfolded or slowly folding proteins to the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) or autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathways. Here, we examined the role of the Bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG) family of Hsp70-specific nucleotide-exchange factors in the biogenesis and functional correction of genetic variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) whose mutations cause cystic fibrosis (CF). We show that siRNA-mediated silencing of BAG1 and -3, two BAG members linked to the clearance of misfolded proteins via the UPS and autophagy pathways, respectively, leads to functional correction of F508del-CFTR and other disease-associated CFTR variants. BAG3 silencing was the most effective, leading to improved F508del-CFTR stability, trafficking, and restoration of cell-surface function, both alone and in combination with the FDA-approved CFTR corrector, VX-809. We also found that the BAG3 silencing-mediated correction of F508del-CFTR restores the autophagy pathway, which is defective in F508del-CFTR-expressing cells, likely because of the maladaptive stress response in CF pathophysiology. These results highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the cellular chaperone system to improve the functional folding of CFTR variants contributing to CF and possibly other protein-misfolding-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Hutt
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Sanjay Kumar Mishra
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Daniela Martino Roth
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Mads Breum Larsen
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Frédéric Angles
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Raymond A Frizzell
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - William E Balch
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037 and
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Valečka J, Almeida CR, Su B, Pierre P, Gatti E. Autophagy and MHC-restricted antigen presentation. Mol Immunol 2018; 99:163-170. [PMID: 29787980 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptide antigens to T lymphocytes and initiate immune responses. The peptides loaded onto MHC class I or MHC class II molecules can be derived from cytosolic proteins, both self and foreign. A variety of cellular processes, including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, and autophagy, play critical roles in presentation of these antigens. We discuss the role of autophagy, a major intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes in both MHC class I and II-restricted antigen presentation. We propose the new term "Type 2 cross-presentation" (CP2) to define the autophagy-dependent processes leading to MHC II-restricted presentation of intracellular antigens by professional antigen presenting cells. A better understanding of Type 2 cross-presentation may guide future efforts to control the immune system through autophagy manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Valečka
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IBiMed) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IBiMed) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IBiMed) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Elimination of a signal sequence-uncleaved form of defective HLA protein through BAG6. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14545. [PMID: 29109525 PMCID: PMC5674028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A portion of newly synthesized transmembrane domain proteins tend to fail to assemble correctly in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, thus resulting in the production of a signal sequence-uncleaved form of the defective species. Although the efficient degradation of these mistargeted polypeptides is crucial, the molecular mechanism of their elimination pathway has not been adequately characterized. In this study, we focused on one such cryptic portion of a defective transmembrane domain protein, HLA-A, and show that a part of HLA-A is produced as a signal sequence-uncleaved labile species that is immediately targeted to the degradation pathway. We found that both BAG6 and proteasomes are indispensable for elimination of mislocalized HLA-A species. Furthermore, defective HLA-A is subjected to BAG6-dependent solubilization in the cytoplasm. These observations suggest that BAG6 acts as a critical factor for proteasome-mediated degradation of mislocalized HLA-A with a non-cleaved signal sequence at its N-terminus.
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Argüello RJ, Reverendo M, Gatti E, Pierre P. Regulation of protein synthesis and autophagy in activated dendritic cells: implications for antigen processing and presentation. Immunol Rev 2016; 272:28-38. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Argüello
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix Marseille Université UM2; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1104; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7280; Marseille France
| | - Marisa Reverendo
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix Marseille Université UM2; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1104; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7280; Marseille France
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix Marseille Université UM2; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1104; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7280; Marseille France
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED), Aveiro; Health Sciences Program; University of Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix Marseille Université UM2; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1104; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7280; Marseille France
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED), Aveiro; Health Sciences Program; University of Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
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