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Balboa RF, Bertola LD, Brüniche-Olsen A, Rasmussen MS, Liu X, Besnard G, Salmona J, Santander CG, He S, Zinner D, Pedrono M, Muwanika V, Masembe C, Schubert M, Kuja J, Quinn L, Garcia-Erill G, Stæger FF, Rakotoarivony R, Henrique M, Lin L, Wang X, Heaton MP, Smith TPL, Hanghøj K, Sinding MHS, Atickem A, Chikhi L, Roos C, Gaubert P, Siegismund HR, Moltke I, Albrechtsen A, Heller R. African bushpigs exhibit porous species boundaries and appeared in Madagascar concurrently with human arrival. Nat Commun 2024; 15:172. [PMID: 38172616 PMCID: PMC10764920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Several African mammals exhibit a phylogeographic pattern where closely related taxa are split between West/Central and East/Southern Africa, but their evolutionary relationships and histories remain controversial. Bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) and red river hogs (P. porcus) are recognised as separate species due to morphological distinctions, a perceived lack of interbreeding at contact, and putatively old divergence times, but historically, they were considered conspecific. Moreover, the presence of Malagasy bushpigs as the sole large terrestrial mammal shared with the African mainland raises intriguing questions about its origin and arrival in Madagascar. Analyses of 67 whole genomes revealed a genetic continuum between the two species, with putative signatures of historical gene flow, variable FST values, and a recent divergence time (<500,000 years). Thus, our study challenges key arguments for splitting Potamochoerus into two species and suggests their speciation might be incomplete. Our findings also indicate that Malagasy bushpigs diverged from southern African populations and underwent a limited bottleneck 1000-5000 years ago, concurrent with human arrival in Madagascar. These results shed light on the evolutionary history of an iconic and widespread African mammal and provide insight into the longstanding biogeographic puzzle surrounding the bushpig's presence in Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo F Balboa
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura D Bertola
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Jordi Salmona
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Cindy G Santander
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shixu He
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ecology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Primate Cognition, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Muwanika
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mikkel Schubert
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josiah Kuja
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liam Quinn
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Long Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kristian Hanghøj
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anagaw Atickem
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lounès Chikhi
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philippe Gaubert
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hans R Siegismund
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Moltke
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Rasmus Heller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Rakotoarivony R, Molia S, Rakotomalala E, Ramy-Ratiarison R, Jori F, Pedrono M. Bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) Hunting in Rural Areas of Madagascar and Its Health and Socioeconomic Implications. Front Conserv Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.732626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushmeat consumption and trade plays a relevant role in many tropical countries as a source of protein and income for rural populations. In Madagascar, rural populations depend heavily on natural resources and wildlife as source of income and protein. The bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) is the largest mammal available in the island and regularly hunted. However, little is known about the importance and characteristics of this activity and its implication as a potential source of pathogens for both humans and domestic animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014–2015 in five different regions of rural Madagascar suspected to have significant bushpig populations to (i) quantify and characterize the importance of bushpig hunting, (ii) assess the socioeconomic impact of bushpig trade, (iii) evaluate the potential pathogen transmission between bushpigs, domestic pigs and humans. A total of 77 hunters, 10 butchers and 95 pig farmers were individually interviewed. Hunting seasonality and the perception of local hunters with regards to the dynamics of bushpig populations in the last decade differed between the tropical dry and tropical sub-arid climatic zones. The top reason for hunting bushpigs was crop protection but personal consumption and selling of meat were also common. Hunting efficacy was largely dependent on the technique used. Snares and traps, the most widely used techniques, allowed the majority of hunters to catch from one to 10 bushpigs per year. Limited commercial bushpig trade was observed with only 0.8 bushpig sold in average per year and per hunter, representing a 16 USD income. The average price per kilo sold was USD 0.8 and the average profit received by each butcher/collector after the sale of a carcass was USD 11.9. No perception of disease risks nor precautions were taken to prevent potential pathogen transmission from bushpig to humans or pigs. Most of the hunters (68%) indicated that they had never seen a diseased bushpig. Bushpig hunting in our study areas in Madagascar was basically a small-scale subsistence hunting, very different from commercial bushmeat hunting described in areas of Central Africa or the Amazon Basin. More research is needed to verify the sustainability of bushpig hunting and its potential role in terms of reducing pressure on other endemic wildlife species and transmitting pathogens to humans and pigs.
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Phelan R, Baumgartner B, Brand S, Brister E, Burgiel SW, Charo RA, Coche I, Cofrancesco A, Delborne JA, Edwards O, Fisher JP, Gaywood M, Gordon DR, Howald G, Hunter ME, Kareiva P, Mankad A, Marvier M, Moseby K, Newhouse AE, Novak BJ, Ohrstrom G, Olson S, Palmer MJ, Palumbi S, Patterson N, Pedrono M, Pelegri F, Rohwer Y, Ryder OA, Saah JR, Scheller RM, Seddon PJ, Shaffer HB, Shapiro B, Sweeney M, Tercek MR, Thizy D, Tilt W, Weber M, Wegrzyn RD, Whitelaw B, Winkler M, Wodak J, Zimring M, Robbins P. Intended consequences statement. Conservat Sci and Prac 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evelyn Brister
- Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York USA
| | | | - R. Alta Charo
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | - Al Cofrancesco
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg Mississippi USA
| | - Jason A. Delborne
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Owain Edwards
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Floreat Western Australia Australia
| | | | | | - Doria R. Gordon
- Environmental Defense Fund Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Gregg Howald
- Advanced Conservation Strategies Williamsburg Virginia USA
| | - Margaret E. Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Aditi Mankad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Floreat Western Australia Australia
| | - Michelle Marvier
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences Santa Clara University Santa Clara California USA
| | | | - Andrew E. Newhouse
- State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse New York USA
| | | | | | - Steven Olson
- Association of Zoos and Aquariums Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | | | - Stephen Palumbi
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Neil Patterson
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Center for Native Peoples & the Environment Syracuse New York USA
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD, UMR ASTRE) Montpellier France
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Yasha Rohwer
- Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath Falls Oregon USA
| | | | | | - Robert M. Scheller
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - H. Bradley Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Mike Sweeney
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco California USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Midlothian UK
| | | | - Josh Wodak
- Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney University Parramatta New South Wales Australia
| | - Mark Zimring
- The Nature Conservancy San Francisco California USA
| | - Paul Robbins
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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Lee C, Day J, Goodman SM, Pedrono M, Besnard G, Frantz L, Taylor PJ, Herrera MJ, Gongora J. Genetic origins and diversity of bushpigs from Madagascar (Potamochoerus larvatus, family Suidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:20629. [PMID: 33244111 PMCID: PMC7693328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The island of Madagascar, situated off the southeast coast of Africa, shows the first evidence of human presence ~ 10,000 years ago; however, other archaeological data indicates a settlement of the modern peoples of the island distinctly more recent, perhaps > 1500 years ago. Bushpigs of the genus Potamochoerus (family Suidae), are today widely distributed in Madagascar and presumed to have been introduced from Africa at some stage by human immigrants to the island. However, disparities about their origins in Madagascar have been presented in the literature, including the possibility of endemic subspecies, and few empirical data are available. Furthermore, the separation of bushpigs in Madagascar from their mainland relatives may have favoured the evolution of a different repertoire of immune genes first due to a founder effect and then as a response to distinct pathogens compared to their ancestors. Molecular analysis confirmed the species status of the bushpig in Madagascar as P. larvatus, likely introduced from the central region of southern Africa, with no genetic evidence for the recognition of eastern and western subspecies as suggested from previous cranial morphology examination. Investigation of the immunologically important SLA-DQB1 peptide-binding region showed a different immune repertoire of bushpigs in Madagascar compared to those on the African mainland, with seventeen exon-2 haplotypes unique to bushpigs in Madagascar (2/28 haplotypes shared). This suggests that the MHC diversity of the Madagascar populations may have enabled Malagasy bushpigs to adapt to new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Lee
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jenna Day
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
- Association Vahatra, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- UMR ASTRE, INRAE, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS, UPS, IRD, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Frantz
- Palaeogenomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa
- Afromontane Research Unit and Zoology Department, University of the Free State, Qwa Qwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Michael J Herrera
- Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jaime Gongora
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Chevalier V, Marsot M, Molia S, Rasamoelina H, Rakotondravao R, Pedrono M, Lowenski S, Durand B, Lecollinet S, Beck C. Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17061998. [PMID: 32197367 PMCID: PMC7142923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and mosquitoes, mainly from the Culex genus. We retrospectively analyzed sera from domestic and wild birds sampled in 2008 in two wetlands, namely the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and the Lake Alaotra area, Madagascar. Sera were first tested using a commercial ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA kit. Then, positive sera and sera with insufficient volume for testing with ELISA were tested with a Microneutralization Test. In Mali, the observed seroprevalence in domestic birds was 28.5% [24.5; 32.8] 95%CI, 3.1 % [1.8; 5.2] 95%CI, 6.2% [3.4; 10.2] 95%CI and 9.8 % [7.3; 12.8] 95%CI, for West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), undetermined flavivirus, and WNV/USUV respectively. Regarding domestic birds of Madagascar, the observed seroprevalence was 4.4 % [2.1; 7.9]95%CI for WNV, 0.9% [0.1; 3.1] 95%CI for USUV, 1.3% [0.5; 2.8] 95%CI for undetermined flavivirus, and null for WNV/USUV. Among the 150 wild birds sampled in Madagascar, two fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) were positive for WNV and two for an undetermined flavivirus. One white-faced whistling-duck (Dendrocygna viduata) and one Hottentot teal (Spatula hottentota) were tested positive for USUV. African and European wetlands are linked by wild bird migrations. This first detection of USUV—as well as the confirmed circulation of WNV in domestic birds of two wetlands of Mali and Madagascar—emphasizes the need to improve the surveillance, knowledge of epidemiological patterns, and phylogenetic characteristics of flavivirus in Africa, particularly in areas prone to sustained, intense flavivirus transmission such as wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Chevalier
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh PO Box 983, Cambodia
| | - Maud Marsot
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Molia
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Centre Régional de Santé Animale, Parc Sotuba, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Miguel Pedrono
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- FOFIFA-DRZV, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Steve Lowenski
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Beck
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Pedrono M, Mir O, Chaltiel L, Brahmi M, Italiano A, Decanter G, Rouquette PB, Ropars M, Bompas E, Firmin N, Isambert N, Valentin T, Duffaud F, Gantzer J, Thyss A, Guillemet C, Blay JY, Cesne AL, Chevreau C, Perrin C. Outcome of 98 patients with epithelioid sarcoma treated in curative intent: A retrospective study from the French Sarcoma Group (GSF-GETO). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz283.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Besnard G, Thèves C, Mata X, Holota H, Rakotozafy LMA, Pedrono M. Shotgun sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of the Aldabra giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 27:4543-4544. [PMID: 27159683 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Aldabra giant tortoise [Aldabrachelys gigantea (Schweigger, 1812): Reptilia, Testudines, Testudinidae] was sequenced using a shotgun approach on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). This genome was 16 467 bp long and presents the typical organization found in vertebrates. The mean coverage of sequencing was 116×. A phylogenetic analysis of the Testudinidae confirms the placement of Aldabrachelys in an Indian Ocean group (including Madagascar). This mitogenome constitutes a reference for ancient DNA analyses of the extinct Madagascan lineages of Aldabrachelys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Thèves
- b Laboratoire AMIS , UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse/CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Xavier Mata
- b Laboratoire AMIS , UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse/CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Hélène Holota
- a Laboratoire EDB , UMR5174, CNRS-UPS-ENFA , Toulouse , France
| | - Lucien M A Rakotozafy
- c Laboratoire de Zooarchéologie , Institut des Civilisations, Musée d'Art et d'Archéologie de l'Université d'Antananarivo , Antananarivo , Madagascar
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- d CIRAD, UPR AGIRs , Antananarivo , Madagascar.,e CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, Campus International de Baillarguet , Montpellier , France
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Roger F, Caron A, Morand S, Pedrono M, de Garine-Wichatitsky M, Chevalier V, Tran A, Gaidet N, Figuié M, de Visscher MN, Binot A. One Health and EcoHealth: the same wine in different bottles? Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:30978. [PMID: 26899935 PMCID: PMC4761681 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.30978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Goutard FL, Binot A, Duboz R, Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Pedrono M, Holl D, Peyre MI, Cappelle J, Chevalier V, Figuié M, Molia S, Roger FL. How to reach the poor? Surveillance in low-income countries, lessons from experiences in Cambodia and Madagascar. Prev Vet Med 2015; 120:12-26. [PMID: 25842000 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of animal diseases in developing countries faces many constraints. Innovative tools and methods to enhance surveillance in remote and neglected areas should be defined, assessed and applied in close connection with local farmers, national stakeholders and international agencies. The authors performed a narrative synthesis of their own publications about surveillance in Madagascar and Cambodia. They analysed the data in light of their fieldwork experiences in the two countries' very challenging environments. The burden of animal and zoonotic diseases (e.g. avian influenza, African swine fever, Newcastle disease, Rift Valley fever) is huge in both countries which are among the poorest in the world. Being poor countries implies a lack of human and financial means to ensure effective surveillance of emerging and endemic diseases. Several recent projects have shown that new approaches can be proposed and tested in the field. Several advanced participatory approaches are promising and could be part of an innovative method for improving the dialogue among different actors in a surveillance system. Thus, participatory modelling, developed for natural resources management involving local stakeholders, could be applied to health management, including surveillance. Data transmission could benefit from the large mobile-phone coverage in these countries. Ecological studies and advances in the field of livestock surveillance should guide methods for enhancing wildlife monitoring and surveillance. Under the umbrella of the One Health paradigm, and in the framework of a risk-based surveillance concept, a combination of participatory methods and modern technologies could help to overcome the constraints present in low-income countries. These unconventional approaches should be merged in order to optimise surveillance of emerging and endemic diseases in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Goutard
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - A Binot
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R Duboz
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; AIT, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - M Pedrono
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; FOFIFA, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - D Holl
- NaVRI, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - M I Peyre
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; NIVR, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - J Cappelle
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - V Chevalier
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France
| | - M Figuié
- Cirad, MOISA Research Unit, Montpellier, France
| | - S Molia
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - F L Roger
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rouillé A, Pedrono M, Rakotomalala E, Grosbois V, Ramy-Ratiarison R, Roger F. Abondance du potamochère, Potamochoerus larvatus, dans les savanes du Nord-Ouest de Madagascar et risques épidémiologiques associés. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.19182/bft2014.320.a20546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Le potamochère, Potamochoerus larva- tus, est un réservoir sauvage potentiel de maladies enzootiques à Madagascar. Parmi celles-ci, la peste porcine africaine (Ppa) est une des plus inquiétantes. Diag- nostiquée dans ce pays depuis 1998, cette maladie virale majeure d’un point de vue socio-économique est inféodée aux suidés et y est encore aujourd’hui très répandue. La caractérisation des voies de transmission du virus entre pota- mochères et porcs domestiques est une étape préliminaire indispensable à la mise en œuvre d’une prophylaxie sani- taire contre la Ppa. Cette étude a pour objectif de préciser le risque de transmis- sion de la maladie entre potamochères et porcs domestiques dans les savanes périphériques du Parc national de l’Anka- rafantsika, dans le Nord-Ouest de Mada- gascar, où sont présents de nombreux élevages porcins. La méthode des Indices kilométriques d’abondance a permis de mettre en évidence une augmentation significative de l’abondance de ces sui- dés sauvages hors de la forêt durant la période de fructification de Strychnos spi- nosa. Le risque de transmission de la Ppa durant cette période apparaît donc plus élevé dans les sites où sont présents ces arbustes. Sur le plan épidémiologique, la maturité et l’occupation spatiale de S. spinosa peuvent servir d’indicateurs de présence du potamochère dans l’ouest de Madagascar. Son utilisation pour adapter les pratiques d’élevage dans une optique de réduction des contacts pourrait limiter le risque de contamination potentielle par le virus de la Ppa ou d’autres agents pathogènes transmis par les suidés sauvages.
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Andriantsaralaza S, Pedrono M, Tassin J, Roger E, Rakouth B, Danthu P. The role of extinct giant tortoises in the germination of extant baobabAdansonia rubrostipaseeds in Madagascar. Afr J Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seheno Andriantsaralaza
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales; Université d'Antananarivo; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
- DP “Forêts et Biodiversité”; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- DP “Forêts et Biodiversité”; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
- CIRAD; UPR AGIRs; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
| | | | - Edmond Roger
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales; Université d'Antananarivo; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
- DP “Forêts et Biodiversité”; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
| | - Bakolimalala Rakouth
- Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales; Université d'Antananarivo; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
- DP “Forêts et Biodiversité”; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
| | - Pascal Danthu
- DP “Forêts et Biodiversité”; Antananarivo 101 Madagascar
- CIRAD; UPR BSEF; 34398 Montpellier France
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Orozco-terWengel P, Chiari Y, Vieites D, Pedrono M, Louis Jr. E. Isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Malagasy spider tortoise, Pyxis arachnoides and cross-amplification in Pyxis planicauda. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00002866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pyxis arachnoides is a Critically Endangered Malagasy tortoise for which little data about its natural history and genetic variation are available. This lack of knowledge complicates undertaking conservation measures considering Pyxis genetic diversity. Here, we describe six new microsatellites for Pyxis arachnoides from wild specimens and several localities, and the cross amplification of two Astrochelys radiata microsatellites. Of these microsatellites, two are monomorphic among the three distinct subspecies and a closely related species, while the remaining six are polymorphic. Microsatellite data are needed for this species to study the inter- and intra-subspecies genetic diversity, especially for the highly endangered subspecies P. a. brygooi, which currently occurs only in remote localities. The availability of polymorphic microsatellites will allow identifying the population of origin of individuals and will aid in justifying their management as separate evolutionary lineages for conservation purposes. The rationale is to preserve both evolutionary processes and adaptive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Orozco-terWengel
- 1School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Biomedical Science Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Ylenia Chiari
- 2CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - David R. Vieites
- 2CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- 3Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- 4CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar and CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Edward Louis Jr.
- 5Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium’s Center for Conservation and Research, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Chouteau P, Jiang Z, Bravery BD, Cai J, Li Z, Pedrono M, Pays O. Local extinction in the bird assemblage in the greater Beijing area from 1877 to 2006. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39859. [PMID: 22768146 PMCID: PMC3387231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent growth in industrialization and the modernization of agricultural activities, combined with human population growth, has greatly modified China's natural environment, particularly in the vicinity of large cities. We compared avifauna checklists made between 1877 and 1938 with current checklists to determine the extent of local bird extinctions during the last century in the greater Beijing area. Our study shows that of the 411 bird species recorded from 1877-1938, 45 (10.9%) were no longer recorded from 2004-2006. Birds recorded as 'rare' in 1938 were more likely to have disappeared in subsequent years. Migrant status also influenced the probability of local bird extinction with winter migrants being the most affected class. Moreover, larger birds were more likely to have disappeared than smaller ones, potentially explained by differential ecological requirements and anthropogenic exploitation. Although our habitat descriptions and diet classification were not predictors of local bird extinction, the ecological processes driving local bird extinction are discussed in the light of historical changes that have impacted this region since the end of the 1930 s. Our results are of importance to the broader conservation of bird wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Cai
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Pays
- Université d’Angers, Groupe Ecologie et Conservation, Angers, France
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Smith LL, Pedrono M, Dorazio RM, Bishko J. Morphometrics, sexual dimorphism, and growth in the angonoka tortoise(Geochelone yniphora)of western Madagascar. AFR J HERPETOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2001.9635446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pedrono M, Smith LL, Sarovy A, Bourou R, Tiandray H. Reproductive Ecology of the Ploughshare Tortoise (Geochelone yniphora). J HERPETOL 2001. [DOI: 10.2307/1566041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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