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Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Weening K, De Meyer A, Van Houtte F, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 38140653 PMCID: PMC10748205 DOI: 10.3390/v15122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, viruses interact with cellular host factors, thereby influencing propagation, host range, cell tropism and pathogenesis. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus in which knowledge of the virus-host interaction network to date is limited. Here, two related high-throughput mammalian two-hybrid approaches (MAPPIT and KISS) were used to screen for HEV-interacting host proteins. Promising hits were examined on protein function, involved pathway(s), and their relation to other viruses. We identified 37 ORF2 hits, 187 for ORF3 and 91 for ORF4. Several hits had functions in the life cycle of distinct viruses. We focused on SHARPIN and RNF5 as candidate hits for ORF3, as they are involved in the RLR-MAVS pathway and interferon (IFN) induction during viral infections. Knocking out (KO) SHARPIN and RNF5 resulted in a different IFN response upon ORF3 transfection, compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, infection was increased in SHARPIN KO cells and decreased in RNF5 KO cells. In conclusion, MAPPIT and KISS are valuable tools to study virus-host interactions, providing insights into the poorly understood HEV life cycle. We further provide evidence for two identified hits as new host factors in the HEV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Pang F, Long Q, Wei M. Immune evasion strategies of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1282526. [PMID: 37900320 PMCID: PMC10613064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen that causes great economic losses in the global livestock industry. During the long-term interactions between BVDV and its hosts, the virus has evolved multiple strategies to evade the host's innate immunity and adaptive immunity, thereby promoting viral survival and replication. This review focuses on the most recent research on immune evasion strategies employed by BVDV, including evading type I IFN signaling pathway, evading host adaptive immunity, mediating NF-κB signaling pathway, mediating cell apoptosis and inducing autophagy. Unraveling BVDV's immune evasion strategies will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of BVDV and contribute to the development of more effective therapies for the prevention, control and eradication of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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3
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Wang L, Liang Q, Niu Y, Gu L, Wei Y, Li J. Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis Reveals Immune Response Process in Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-1-Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Vet Sci 2023; 10:596. [PMID: 37888548 PMCID: PMC10611041 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease, inflicting substantial economic losses upon the global cattle industry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the central hub for immune responses during host-virus infection and have been recognized as crucial targets for BVDV infection. In order to elucidate the dynamics of host-BVDV-1 interaction, this study harnessed RNA-seq and iTRAQ methods to acquire an extensive dataset of transcriptomics and proteomics data from samples of BVDV-1-infected PBMCs at the 12-h post-infection mark. When compared to mock-infected PBMCs, we identified 344 differentially expressed genes (DEGs: a total of 234 genes with downregulated expression and 110 genes with upregulated expression) and 446 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs: a total of 224 proteins with downregulated expression and 222 proteins with upregulated expression). Selected DEGs and DEPs were validated through quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and parallel reaction monitoring. Gene ontology annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis underscored the significant enrichment of DEGs and DEPs in various immunity-related signaling pathways, including antigen processing and presentation, complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, among others. Further analysis unveiled that those DEGs and DEPs with downregulated expression were predominantly associated with pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades, the interleukin-17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Conversely, upregulated DEGs and DEPs were chiefly linked to metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, complement and coagulation cascades, and the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. These altered genes and proteins shed light on the intense host-virus conflict within the immune realm. Our transcriptomics and proteomics data constitute a significant foundation for delving further into the interaction mechanism between BVDV and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yuhui Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Linlin Gu
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518100, China;
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Jianxi Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
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4
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Chen N, Bai T, Wang S, Wang H, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhu Z. New Insights into the Role and Therapeutic Potential of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1473. [PMID: 37374975 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-strand RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus in the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD). BVDV's unique virion structure, genome, and replication mechanism in the Flaviviridae family render it a useful alternative model for evaluating the effectiveness of antiviral drugs used against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). As one of the most abundant and typical heat shock proteins, HSP70 plays an important role in viral infection caused by the family Flaviviridae and is considered a logical target of viral regulation in the context of immune escape. However, the mechanism of HSP70 in BVDV infection and the latest insights have not been reported in sufficient detail. In this review, we focus on the role and mechanisms of HSP70 in BVDV-infected animals/cells to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein for antiviral therapy during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Tongtong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
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Zhang Z, Huang J, Zhao Z, Yuan X, Li C, Liu S, Cui Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. In Vivo and In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Phlorizin Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14841-14850. [PMID: 36384297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most serious pathogens affecting the cattle industry worldwide. Phlorizin, a kind of flavonoids extracted from apple tree roots, leaves, and fruits, has a variety of biological functions and has been widely used as a herbal supplement and food additive. Here, BALB/c mouse and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were used to explore the effect and mechanism of phlorizin against BVDV infection. The results showed that phlorizin significantly inhibited CP BVDV replication and improved the histopathological changes of duodenum and spleen in mice. In vitro studies also confirmed the activity of phlorizin against CP BVDV. Exploration on its potential mechanism suggested that phlorizin inhibited CP BVDV-induced beclin-1 level and the conversion rate of LC3B-I to LC3B-II. Interestingly, although phlorizin also showed a protective effect on MDBK cells, which were treated with 3-methyladenine A (3-MA), the effect was significantly weakened. Furthermore, phlorizin suppressed the stage of BVDV replication but showed no effect on stages of attachment and internalization. Our data further indicated that phlorizin promoted IFN-α and IFN-β levels, decreased IL-1β and IL-6 expression, and regulated RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3, and NLRP3 levels. Similar to CP BVDV results, in vivo and in vitro, phlorizin inhibited NCP BVDV (NY-1 and YNJG2020 strains) infection. These results were the first to be discovered that phlorizin might be used as a new dietary strategy for controlling BVDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xueying Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yueqi Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
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6
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Berbamine hydrochloride inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus replication via interfering in late-stage autophagy. Virus Res 2022; 321:198905. [PMID: 36064041 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a harmful pathogen that easily causes large-scale infections and huge economic losses to the cattle industry. Berbamine hydrochloride (BBH) is a natural product extracted from berberis and has a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, the antiviral effect of BBH against BVDV needs to be further elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activities of BBH against BVDV infection. We mainly used RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and TEM assays to assess the inhibitory activity of BBH against BVDV. The results showed that BBH had an inhibitory effect on BVDV and higher inhibitory activity in the viral attachment and release in MDBK cells. This study found that BVDV could induce and use autophagy to replicate itself. Further results showed that BBH inhibited BVDV infection by inhibiting autophagy integrity in BVDV-infected cells, which was proven by the detection of autophagy-related proteins. Our data show that in BBH-treated BVDV-infected cells, the expression of p62 and LC3 increased over time. After the addition of an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), and an autophagy promoter, rapamycin (Rapa), we found that promoting autophagy was beneficial to the replication of BVDV, while inhibiting autophagy could reduce the number of infections by BVDV, which was evidenced by the expression of the BVDV E2 protein. Furthermore, BBH blocked the normal binding of LC3 and LAMP1 in BVDV-infected cells. In conclusion, BBH inhibited BVDV infection by inhibiting BVDV-induced autophagy in cells, and its inhibitory effect was obvious in the viral attachment and release stages. Therefore, our study provides a new idea for exploring novel anti-BVDV drugs.
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La Polla R, Testard MC, Garcia O, Goumaidi A, Legras-Lachuer C, de Saint-Vis B. Involvement of the Wnt pathway in BVDV cytopathogenic strain replication in primary bovine cells. Virol J 2022; 19:134. [PMID: 35986298 PMCID: PMC9389679 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) of the pestivirus genus is an economically crippling virus in the cattle industry; this positive RNA virus causes mucosal disease resulting in reproductive losses and other disease syndromes. The pathogenesis mechanism of the disease caused by BVDV infection is not well understood; for a better understanding of in vivo host BVDV-1 interactions, we conducted a transcriptomic study of infected cells at different times post-infection.
Methods We compared the permissiveness and cellular response of a BVDV-1 cytopathogenic strain on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells (MDBK) and bovine lung primary cells, a model closer to in vivo infection. Then a RNAseq analysis was realized on the infected bovine lung primary cells, at 10 hpi and 30 hpi (hours post-infection), to identify transcriptomic signatures. Results RNAseq analysis on BVDV-1 infected bovine primary cells showed 2,759 and 5,376 differentially expressed genes at respectively 10 hpi and 30 hpi with an absolute Fold Change ≥ 2. Among the different pathways deregulated, data analysis revealed a deregulation of Wnt signaling pathway, a conserved process that play a critical role in embryogenesis, cellular proliferation, and differentiation as well as in viral responses against viruses such as Influenza or Hepatitis C. We demonstrated here that the deregulation of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway plays a role in viral replication of BVDV cp strain. Interestingly, we showed that the inhibition of this Wnt pathway using two inhibitors, FZM1 and iCRT14, induced a delay in onset of the establishment of a cytopathic effect of primary cells. Conclusions Thereby, this study highlighted a role of the Wnt signaling pathway in the BVDV-1 viral replication in bovine cells, suggesting an interesting option to explore as a new therapeutic target.
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Transcriptomic Analysis of MDBK Cells Infected with Cytopathic and Non-Cytopathic Strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). Viruses 2022; 14:v14061276. [PMID: 35746747 PMCID: PMC9228727 DOI: 10.3390/v14061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the Pestivirus genus. Infection with BVDV causes a disease with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, most often mild, although infections with this virus constitute a serious economic problem all over the world. The virus is characterized by a high genetic variability, while the accumulation of single mutations leads to the formation of its new variants. The aim of this study was to better understand the complicated pathogenesis of this disease at the molecular level via the analysis of the transcriptome of cells infected with this virus. The bovine kidney cell line (MDBK), the cytopathic (cp) reference strain, and two non-cytopathic (ncp) BVD virus field strains were used in transcriptomic studies. The cell transcriptome was tested 24 and 72 h after infection. The results of the microarray analysis revealed changes in the expression levels of numerous genes. Genes with changed expression as a result of infection with the cp strain caused changes in the expression levels of a large number of genes and enriched a number of pathways. Genes with increased expression levels were enriched among other pathways involved in the cell cycle, while genes with reduced expression levels enriched pathways mostly related to metabolism. Genes with increased expression levels as a result of infection with ncp strains enriched a much smaller number of pathways, among them, pathways related to signaling activity 24 h post-infection and serine biosynthetic pathways both 24 and 72 h post-infection. Pathways enriched by genes with reduced expression levels were related to the innate immune response (72 h post-infection) or metabolism (24 and 72 h post-infection). The results of microarray studies can help us to better understand the host’s response to BVDV infection.
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Identification of differentially expressed gene pathways between cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic BVDV-1 strains by analysis of the transcriptome of infected primary bovine cells. Virology 2021; 567:34-46. [PMID: 34953294 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), belonging to the Pestivirus genus, is characterized by the presence of two biotypes, cytopathogenic (cp) or non-cytopathogenic (ncp). For a better understanding of the host pathogen interactions, we set out to identify transcriptomic signatures of bovine lung primary cells (BPCs) infected with a cp or a ncp strain. For this, we used both a targeted approach by reverse transcription droplet digital PCR and whole genome approach using RNAseq. Data analysis showed 3571 differentially expressed transcripts over time (Fold Change >2) and revealed that the most deregulated pathways for cp strain are signaling pathways involved in responses to viral infection such as inflammatory response or apoptosis pathways. Interestingly, our data analysis revealed a deregulation of Wnt signaling pathway, a pathway described in embryogenesis, that was specifically seen with the BVDV-1 cp but not the ncp suggesting a role of this pathway in viral replication.
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Liu Y, Wu C, Chen N, Li Y, Fan C, Zhao S, Bai T, Zhao Z, Chen J, Su S, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. PD-1 Blockade Restores the Proliferation of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte and Inhibits Lymphocyte Apoptosis in a BALB/c Mouse Model of CP BVDV Acute Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727254. [PMID: 34552590 PMCID: PMC8450576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is associated with immune dysfunction and can cause peripheral blood lymphopenia and lymphocyte apoptosis. Our previous study has confirmed that programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade inhibits peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) apoptosis and restores proliferation and anti-viral immune functions of lymphocytes after BVDV infection in vitro. However, the situation in vivo remains to be further studied and confirmed. Therefore, in this study, we established a BALB/c mouse model of acute BVDV infection with cytopathic (CP) BVDV (strain NADL) and non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV (strain NY-1). Then, we examined the mRNA and protein levels of PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from BVDV-infected mice and analyzed the effects of PD-1 blockade on the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subsets, the apoptosis and proliferation of PBL, and the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. We found that leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia were developed in both CP and NCP BVDV-infected mice at day 7 of post-infection. The mRNA and protein expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were significantly upregulated in CP and NCP BVDV-infected mice. Moreover, PD-1/PD-L1 upregulation was accompanied by leukopenia and lymphopenia. Additionally, PD-1 blockade inhibited PBL apoptosis and virus replication, restored the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subsets, and increased IFN-γ production and p-ERK expression in BVDV-infected mice. However, blocking PD-1 did not significantly affect PBL proliferation and IL-2 production in NCP BVDV-infected mice. Our findings further confirmed the immunomodulatory role of PD-1 in peripheral blood lymphocytopenia in vivo and provided a scientific basis for exploring the molecular mechanism of immune dysfunction caused by acute BVDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chenhua Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Engineering, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chunling Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shangqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tongtong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Siyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Shan Y, Tong Z, Jinzhu M, Yu L, Zecai Z, Chenhua W, Wenjing H, Siyu L, Nannan C, Siyu S, Tongtong B, Jiang H, Biaohui B, Xin J, Yulong Z, Zhanbo Z. Bovine viral diarrhea virus NS4B protein interacts with 2CARD of MDA5 domain and negatively regulates the RLR-mediated IFN-β production. Virus Res 2021; 302:198471. [PMID: 34097933 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important member of the family Flaviviridae and often causes immunosuppression. Previous studies have suggested that BVDV envelope protein Erns and the nonstructural autoprotease Npro can inhibit host innate immune responses. Herein, we found that BVDV NS4B, as a nonstructural protein necessary for replication, is involved in antagonizing the main RNA virus sensing pathway. Overexpression of BVDV NS4B protein significantly inhibited Sendai virus (SeV)-induced interferon-β promoter activity, IFN-β mRNA and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation levels. We also discovered that BVDV NS4B protein significantly inhibited RIG-I like receptor (RLRs)-mediated interferon-β (IFN-β) promoter activity and endogenous MDA5 mRNA levels. In addition, the BVDV NS4B protein directly interacts with N-terminal CARDs of MDA5, and co-localized with MDA5 or MDA5-2CARD in the cytoplasm. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the BVDV NS4B protein acts as an interferon-β antagonist through inhibiting the MDA5-mediated signal transduction pathway. Our study provides an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BVDV evading the host's natural immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhao Tong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ma Jinzhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Liu Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhang Zecai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wu Chenhua
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Huang Wenjing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Liu Siyu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chen Nannan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Su Siyu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bai Tongtong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Huang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bai Biaohui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jin Xin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhou Yulong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhu Zhanbo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, China.
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12
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Xu Y, Zhang Z, Shi J, Liu X, Tang W. Recent developments of synthesis and biological activity of sultone scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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13
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14
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BVDV-1 induces interferon-beta gene expression through a pathway involving IRF1, IRF7, and NF-κB activation. Mol Immunol 2020; 128:33-40. [PMID: 33053462 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) is a pathogen with the capacity to modulate the interferon type I system. To further investigate the effects of BVDV-1 on the production of the immune response, the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was infected with the cytopathic CH001 field isolate of BVDV-1, and the IFNbeta expression profiles were analyzed. The results showed that cpBVDV-1 was able to induce the production of IFNbeta in a way similar to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, but with less intensity. Interestingly, all cpBVDV-1 activities were blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of the IRF-1, IRF-7, and NF-κB signaling pathway, and the level of IFNbeta decreased at the level of transcript and protein. These results, together with in silico analyses showing the presence of several regulatory consensus target motifs, suggest that cpBVDV-1 regulates IFNbeta expression in bovines through the activation of several key transcription factors. Collectively, the results suggest that during cpBVDV-1 infection, cross talk is evident between various signaling pathways involved in transcriptional activation of IFNbeta in cattle.
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15
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McClure RS, Wendler JP, Adkins JN, Swanstrom J, Baric R, Kaiser BLD, Oxford KL, Waters KM, McDermott JE. Unified feature association networks through integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007241. [PMID: 31527878 PMCID: PMC6748406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput multi-omics studies and corresponding network analyses of multi-omic data have rapidly expanded their impact over the last 10 years. As biological features of different types (e.g. transcripts, proteins, metabolites) interact within cellular systems, the greatest amount of knowledge can be gained from networks that incorporate multiple types of -omic data. However, biological and technical sources of variation diminish the ability to detect cross-type associations, yielding networks dominated by communities comprised of nodes of the same type. We describe here network building methods that can maximize edges between nodes of different data types leading to integrated networks, networks that have a large number of edges that link nodes of different-omic types (transcripts, proteins, lipids etc). We systematically rank several network inference methods and demonstrate that, in many cases, using a random forest method, GENIE3, produces the most integrated networks. This increase in integration does not come at the cost of accuracy as GENIE3 produces networks of approximately the same quality as the other network inference methods tested here. Using GENIE3, we also infer networks representing antibody-mediated Dengue virus cell invasion and receptor-mediated Dengue virus invasion. A number of functional pathways showed centrality differences between the two networks including genes responding to both GM-CSF and IL-4, which had a higher centrality value in an antibody-mediated vs. receptor-mediated Dengue network. Because a biological system involves the interplay of many different types of molecules, incorporating multiple data types into networks will improve their use as models of biological systems. The methods explored here are some of the first to specifically highlight and address the challenges associated with how such multi-omic networks can be assembled and how the greatest number of interactions can be inferred from different data types. The resulting networks can lead to the discovery of new host response patterns and interactions during viral infection, generate new hypotheses of pathogenic mechanisms and confirm mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, United States of America
| | - Jason P. Wendler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, United States of America
| | - Joshua N. Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, United States of America
| | - Jesica Swanstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Brooke L. Deatherage Kaiser
- Signatures Science and Technology Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, United States of America
| | - Kristie L. Oxford
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, United States of America
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, United States of America
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
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16
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Li W, Mao L, Shu X, Liu R, Hao F, Li J, Liu M, Yang L, Zhang W, Sun M, Zhong C, Jiang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals differential immune related genes expression in bovine viral diarrhea virus-2 infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:516. [PMID: 31226933 PMCID: PMC6588900 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important viral pathogen of domestic and wild ruminants. Apart from cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep) are also the susceptible hosts for BVDV. BVDV infection could interfere both of the innate and adaptive immunity of the host, while the genes and mechanisms responsible for these effects have not yet been fully understood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a pivotal role in the immune responses to viral infection, and these cells were the target of BVDV infection. In the present study, the transcriptome of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with BVDV-2 was explored by using RNA-Seq technology. Results Goat PBMCs were successfully infected by BVDV-2, as determined by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). RNA-Seq analysis results at 12 h post-infection (hpi) revealed 499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold-change ≥ ± 2, p < 0.05) between infected and mock-infected PBMCs. Of these genes, 97 were up-regulated and the remaining 352 genes were down-regulated. The identified DEGs were found to be significantly enriched for locomotion/ localization, immune response, inflammatory response, defense response, regulation of cytokine production, etc., under GO enrichment analysis. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, etc., were found to be significantly enriched in KEGG pathway database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated most of the DEGs related to innate or adaptive immune responses, inflammatory response, and cytokine/chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. TNF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12B, GM-CSF, ICAM1, EDN1, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL10, CCL2, MAPK11, MAPK13, CSF1R and LRRK1 were located in the core of the network and highly connected with other DGEs. Conclusions BVDV-2 infection of goat PBMCs causes the transcription changes of a series of DEGs related to host immune responses, including inflammation, defense response, cell locomotion, cytokine/chemokine-mediated signaling, etc. The results will be useful for exploring and further understanding the host responses to BVDV-2 infection in goats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5830-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxia Liu
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizong Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
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17
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Du J, Gao S, Tian Z, Guo Y, Kang D, Xing S, Zhang G, Liu G, Luo J, Chang H, Yin H. Transcriptome analysis of responses to bluetongue virus infection in Aedes albopictus cells. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:121. [PMID: 31182015 PMCID: PMC6558886 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes a disease among wild and domesticated ruminants which is not contagious, but which is transmitted by biting midges of the Culicoides species. BTV can induce an intense cytopathic effect (CPE) in mammalian cells after infection, although Culicoides- or mosquito-derived cell cultures cause non-lytic infection with BTV without CPE. However, little is known about the transcriptome changes in Aedes albopictus cells infected with BTV. Methods Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify the expression pattern of mRNA transcripts in A. albopictus cells infected with BTV, given the absence of the Culicoides genome sequence. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was utilized to validate the sequencing data. Results In total, 51,850,205 raw reads were generated from the BTV infection group and 51,852,293 from the control group. A total of 5769 unigenes were common to both groups; only 779 unigenes existed exclusively in the infection group and 607 in the control group. In total, 380 differentially expressed genes were identified, 362 of which were up-regulated and 18 of which were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes mainly participated in endocytosis, FoxO, MAPK, dorso-ventral axis formation, insulin resistance, Hippo, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Conclusion This study represents the first attempt to investigate transcriptome-wide dysregulation in A. albopictus cells infected with BTV. The understanding of BTV pathogenesis and virus–vector interaction will be improved by global transcriptome profiling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1498-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhang B, Chen X, Yue H, Ruan W, Qin S, Tang C. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that enterovirus F strain SWUN-AB001 infection activates JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in MDBK cells. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:395. [PMID: 30545363 PMCID: PMC6293526 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteroviruses (Picornaviridae family) have been widely detected in the feces from cattle with diarrhea. However, the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenicity of enteroviruses in cattle remain unclear. Recently, we isolated a novel EV-F7 strain called SWUN-AB001 from diarrheal yak (Bos grunniens) feces. To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of this novel virus, we used a transcriptomics approach to find genes with differential expression patterns in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells during infection with SWUN-AB001 over time. Results MDBK cells were sampled at 12 and 24 h post-infection (hpi) to represent the early and late stages of a SWUN-AB001 infection. Compared with the non-infected cells, 19 and 1050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12 and 24 hpi, respectively. These DEGs were associated with disease, signal transduction, cellular process and cytokine signaling categories. At 24 hpi, the pathway enrichment analysis revealed that signal pathways such as c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/ stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were associated with the interactions occurring between EV-F7 and MDBK cells. Our additional western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK proteins increased significantly in the MDBK cells at 24 hpi. The result indicated that infection with EV-F7 could activate JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK pathways in MDBK cells, and possibly trigger large-scale cytokine production. Conclusion Our transcriptome analysis provides useful initial data towards better understanding of the infection mechanisms used by EV-F7, while highlighting the potential molecular relationships occurring between the virus and the host’s cellular components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1721-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, No.16, South 4th Section 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Animal Disease Prevention and Control Innovation Team in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xinnuo Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, No.16, South 4th Section 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, No.16, South 4th Section 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Animal Disease Prevention and Control Innovation Team in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenqiang Ruan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, No.16, South 4th Section 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sinan Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, No.16, South 4th Section 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, No.16, South 4th Section 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Animal Disease Prevention and Control Innovation Team in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Liu Y, Liu S, He B, Wang T, Zhao S, Wu C, Yue S, Zhang S, He M, Wang L, Huang W, Shi T, Zhu Z. PD-1 blockade inhibits lymphocyte apoptosis and restores proliferation and anti-viral immune functions of lymphocyte after CP and NCP BVDV infection in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2018; 226:74-80. [PMID: 30389046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important virus that can cause extensive economic losses in both dairy and beef industry worldwide. Acute infection with BVDV results in peripheral blood lymphopenia, apoptosis and immunosuppression. Up-regulated programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression induces functional exhaustion of lymphocytes, inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes during acute and chronic viral infections, such as HIV and HCV. However, there are no reports showing the role of PD-1 in peripheral blood lymphopenia, apoptosis and immunosuppression after acute BVDV infection. Accordingly, we measured the mRNA and protein expression of PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with BVDV, and analyzed the effects of PD-1 blockade on immune-associated function and activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The results showed that both cytopathic (CP) BVDV (strain NADL) and non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV (strain KD) infection stimulated the mRNA and protein expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 significantly. The upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 was accompanied by the decreased PBLs proliferation and increased apoptosis. Additionally, PD-1 blockade restored proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, increased IFN-γ production and decreased BVDV load. Remarkably, the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction has a more substantial effect on the immunoregulation of inhibiting proliferation induced by CP BVDV infection. Our findings confirm that PD-1 plays a vital role in peripheral blood lymphopenia and apoptosis caused by acute BVDV infection, and provide new insights into exploring the immunopathological mechanisms of BVDV or other members of the Flaviviridae family, and a potential therapeutic strategy to control BVDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Science Research Institute of HeiLongJiang Province, Qiqihar, 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Boning He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shangqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Chenhua Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shan Yue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shixun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Mingrui He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Tongrui Shi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Science Research Institute of HeiLongJiang Province, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing, 163319, China.
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20
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Villalba M, Canales N, Maldonado N, Otth C, Fredericksen F, Garcés P, Stepke C, Arriagada V, Olavarría VH. Bovine A20 gene overexpression during bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 infection blocks NF-κB pathway in MDBK cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:23-29. [PMID: 28735964 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have developed cellular strategies to ensure progeny survival. One of the most interesting is immune camouflage, where the virus triggers a controlled-intensity immune response that prevents total destruction of the infected cell, thus "winning time" for the virus. This study explored the regulatory contexts of the bovine A20 gene during bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-1 infection, using IL-8 as an immune-response sentinel molecule. Assessments were conducted through RT-qPCR, Western blotting, gene silencing/overexpression, luciferase assays, and the use of pharmacological inhibitors, among other approaches. The results demonstrated that a) BVDV-1 increased A20 levels in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells, b) increased A20 led to decreased IL-8 expression, and c) the virus affected the NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, these data identify bovine A20 as a strong regulator of immune marker expression. In conclusion, this is the first report on BVDV-1 modulating bovine IL-8 activation through the NF-κB/A20 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Villalba
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nivia Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolas Maldonado
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carola Otth
- Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernanda Fredericksen
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Garcés
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristopher Stepke
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Valentina Arriagada
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Víctor H Olavarría
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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21
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Villalba M, Fredericksen F, Otth C, Olavarría VH. Molecular characterization of the bovine IER3 gene: Down-regulation of IL-8 by blocking NF-κB activity mediated by IER3 overexpression in MDBK cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus-1. Mol Immunol 2017; 92:169-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Ma Q, Li L, Tang Y, Fu Q, Liu S, Hu S, Qiao J, Chen C, Ni W. Analyses of long non-coding RNAs and mRNA profiling through RNA sequencing of MDBK cells at different stages of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:508-516. [PMID: 28968572 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection is a dynamic and complex process that leads to significant economic losses in the dairy and cattle industries. However, our understanding of the protective and pathological mechanism underlying host infection is limited. METHODS To determine whether BVDV regulates specific activities of the host cell, the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) during BVDV NADL infection was studied by deep sequencing. RESULTS A total of 1236 lncRNA transcripts and 3261 mRNA transcripts were differentially regulated at 2h, 6h, and 18h post-infection. The lncRNAs shared same characteristics with other mammals in terms of exon length, number, expression level, and conservation. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses showed that lncRNAs regulate immune reaction during BVDV infection. Thirteen differentially expressed genes in 18 hpi were selected and independently validated by reverse-transcription qPCR. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to provide insights into the biological connection of lncRNAs and BVDV, which can be further explored for the development of antiviral prevention strategies and in understanding persistent infection between viral and host components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiman Ma
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Liangyuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Animal Science and Technology Branch, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Changji, Xinjiang 831100, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Life Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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23
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Transcriptomic analysis of porcine PBMCs in response to FMDV infection. Acta Trop 2017; 173:69-75. [PMID: 28495401 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a significant zoonotic infectious disease. It has an important economic impact throughout the world. As well, it is a considerable threat to food security. At present, the molecular mechanism of FMDV infection is not clear to a large extent. Innate immune response is the first line of defense against infectious diseases. The systematic analysis of the host immune response to infection has an important role in understanding the pathogenesis of infection. However, there are few reports about effect of immune regulation on virus replication in the interaction of virus and host cellular. High-throughput RNA-seq technology as a powerful and efficient means for transcript analysis provides a new insight into FMDV study. In this study, RNA extracted from pig PBMCs infected with O subtype FMDV at 4 dpi. A total of 29942658 and 31452917 Illumina read pairs were obtained from the non-infected (NI) group and infected (I) group, respectively. The clean bases for all samples are 3.61G (NI group) and 3.79G (I group), respectively. The clean reads of the NI and I group that mapped to pig genome data were 47195073 (81.82%) and 46556714 (76.85%), respectively. Most of the clean reads were distributed in the exon region, followed by intron region and intergenic region. Differently expressed (DE) genes were analyzed using edgeR software. 451 genes were differentially expressed between the infected and the non-infected groups. According to the comparison analysis, more genes were down-regulated in the non-infected samples than in those infected with FMDV.66 out of 451 genes were down-regulated, 385 out of 451 genes were up-regulated following FMDV infection. For function classification and pathway analysis, among 17741 assembled unigenes, there are 349 genes which are different genes of GO notes. Moreover, 49 genes were down-regulated, 300 genes were up-regulated associate with GO term. 1621 were successfully annotated by GO assignments, belonging to one or more of the three categories: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. According to KEGG analysis,the main pathway was represented including protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, phagosome, cell cycle and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Some key DE genes related to immune process and signaling pathways were analyzed and quantified by RT-PCR. This is the first systematical transcriptome analysis of pig PBMCs infected by FMDV. These findings will help us better understand the host Cell-FMDV interaction and its relationship to pathogenesis, as well as contribute to the prevention and control of FMDV.
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Transcriptional profiling of host cell responses to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Virol J 2017; 14:45. [PMID: 28259172 PMCID: PMC5336634 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) has been discovered on pig farms worldwide and can cause myocarditis in piglets and reproductive failure in sows. However, little is known about the host transcriptional responses to infection and host-pathogen interactions. METHODS In this study, transcription profiling was performed by Illumina RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify EMCV induced differentially expressed genes in BHK-21 cells at serial time points (12, 24, and 30 h post infection (hpi)), using mock infected cells as control. RESULTS We identified 237, 241, and 207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) respectively, majority of which were up-regulated. A large number of DEGs clustered into host defense, cellular signaling and metabolism categories. Moreover, short time series expression analysis revealed that 12 hpi was an important time point for expression change, indicating host virus resistance. CONCLUSIONS This RNA-seq analysis provides the first data for understanding the network of virus host interactions under EMCV infection in vitro, and for identifying host components which involved in the virus infection course.
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25
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Zhao L, Tu J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang L, Wang W, Wu Z, Meng Q, Lin L. Transcriptomic analysis of the head kidney of Topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) infected with Flavobacterium columnare with an emphasis on phagosome pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:413-418. [PMID: 27601296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare (FC) has caused worldwide fish columnaris disease with high mortality and great economic losses in cultured fish, including Topmouth culter (Culter alburnus). However, the knowledge about the host factors involved in FC infection is little known. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of the head kidney from Topmouth culter with or without FC infection were obtained using HiSeq™ 2500 (Illumina). Totally 79,641 unigenes with high quality were obtained. Among them, 4037 differently expressed genes, including 1217 up-regulated and 2820 down-regulated genes, were identified and enriched using databases of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The differently expressed genes were mainly associated with pathways such as immune response, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Since phagocytosis is a central mechanism of innate immune response by host cells to defense against infectious agents, genes related to the phagosome pathway were scrutinized and 9 differently expressed phagosome-related genes were identified including 3 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated genes. Five of them were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This transcriptomic analysis of host genes in response to FC infection provides data towards understanding the infection mechanisms and will shed a new light on the prevention of columnaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Genetics and Breeding, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China; Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jiagang Tu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Genetics and Breeding, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Genetics and Breeding, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zaohe Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Genetics and Breeding, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
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