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Pandey VK, Premkumar K, Kundu P, Shankar BS. PGE2 induced miR365/IL-6/STAT3 signaling mediates dendritic cell dysfunction in cancer. Life Sci 2024; 350:122751. [PMID: 38797363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To understand the mechanism of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated immunosuppression in dendritic cells (DCs). MAIN METHODS In vivo experiments were conducted on 4T1 tumor bearing mice (TBM). In vitro experiments were performed in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), or spleen cells. Cytokines were monitored by ELISA/ELIspot. Gene expression was monitored by RT-PCR/flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS In silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments in 4T1 TBM revealed that PGE2 induced IL-6/pSTAT3 signaling through EP4 receptors in DCs, resulting in their dysfunction. These effects were reversed by EP4 antibody neutralization, EP4 antagonist, and STAT3 inhibitory peptides. PGE2 induced IL-6 was regulated by miR-365, as its mimic inhibited PGE2 induced IL-6 and the inhibitor increased lL-6 levels in DC. Bio-informatic analysis in human mammary cancers also revealed a strong compared co-relation between PGE2 and IL-6 (Correlation AnalyzeR) (R = 0.94). Mice bearing PTGS-2 KD 4T1 tumors had decreased tumor burden, PGE2, EP4, IL-6, and pSTAT3 signaling, along with improved DCs and T cell functions. Treatment of mice with a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor or EP4 antagonist decreased tumor burden, and this effect of EP4 antagonist was abrogated upon in vivo depletion of CD11c cells, indicating the crucial role of PGE2 signaling in DCs in tumor progression. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, our data highlights the importance of dendritic cells in mediating PGE2-mediated immunosuppression and the use of EP4 or STAT3 inhibitors or miR365 mimics can restore immunogenicity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul K Pandey
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Kavitha Premkumar
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Priya Kundu
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Bhavani S Shankar
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
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2
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Sezginer O, Unver N. Dissection of pro-tumoral macrophage subtypes and immunosuppressive cells participating in M2 polarization. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01907-3. [PMID: 38935134 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophage (M2) polarization can result in one of four subtypes based on cytokines and signaling pathways associated with macrophage activation: M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d macrophages. The majority of M2 subtypes are anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic, secreting growth factors (VEGF, PDGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9) which boost tumor growth, metastasis, and invasion. M2-polarized macrophages are associated with immune suppressor cells harboring Myeloid derived suppressor cells, Regulatory T cells (Tregs), Regulatory B cells as well as alternatively activated (N2) neutrophils. Treg cells selectively support the metabolic stability, mitochondrial integrity, and survival rate of M2-like TAMs in an indirect environment. Also, the contribution of Breg cells influences macrophage polarization towards the M2 direction. TAM is activated when TAN levels in the tumor microenvironment are insufficient or vice versa, suggesting that macrophage and its polarization are fine-tuned. Understanding the functions of immune suppressive cells, mediators, and signaling pathways involved with M2 polarization will allow us to identify potential strategies for targeting the TAM repolarization phenotype for innovative immunotherapy approaches. In this review, we have highlighted the critical factors for M2 macrophage polarization, differential cytokine/chemokine profiles of M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes, and other immune cells' impact on the polarization within the immunosuppressive niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onurcan Sezginer
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Türkiye
| | - Nese Unver
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Türkiye.
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3
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Luo M, He N, Xu Q, Wen Z, Wang Z, Zhao J, Liu Y. Roles of prostaglandins in immunosuppression. Clin Immunol 2024; 265:110298. [PMID: 38909972 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play a crucial and multifaceted role in various physiological processes such as intercellular signaling, inflammation regulation, neurotransmission, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and reproductive functions. The diversity and biological significance of these effects are contingent upon the specific types or subtypes of PGs, with each PG playing a crucial role in distinct physiological and pathological processes. Particularly within the immune system, PGs are essential in modulating the function of immune cells and the magnitude and orientation of immune responses. Hence, a comprehensive comprehension of the functions PG signaling pathways in immunosuppressive regulation holds substantial clinical relevance for disease prevention and treatment strategies. The manuscript provides a review of recent developments in PG signaling in immunosuppressive regulation. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications of PGs in immunosuppression are also discussed. While research into the immunosuppressive effects of PGs required further exploration, targeted therapies against their immunosuppressive pathways might open new avenues for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Nina He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongchi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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4
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Li Z, Duan D, Li L, Peng D, Ming Y, Ni R, Liu Y. Tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: recent research progress. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1382256. [PMID: 38957393 PMCID: PMC11217528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1382256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the cancers that seriously threaten human health. Immunotherapy serves as the mainstay of treatment for HCC patients by targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. However, the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is limited when HCC becomes drug-resistant. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important factor in the negative regulation of PD-1 antibody targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, as an emerging direction in cancer immunotherapy research for the treatment of HCC, it is crucial to elucidate the correlations and mechanisms between TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune tolerance. This paper summarizes the effects of TAMs on the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and their impact on HCC anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and further explores current potential therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in HCC, including eliminating TAMs in the TME, inhibiting TAMs recruitment to tumors and functionally repolarizing M2-TAMs (tumor-supportive) to M1-TAMs (antitumor type).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rui Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Armando F, Porcellato I, de Paolis L, Mecocci S, Passeri B, Ciurkiewicz M, Mechelli L, Grazia De Ciucis C, Pezzolato M, Fruscione F, Brachelente C, Montemurro V, Cappelli K, Puff C, Baumgärtner W, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. Vulvo-vaginal epithelial tumors in mares: A preliminary investigation on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor-immune microenvironment. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:366-381. [PMID: 37909398 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Vulvo-vaginal epithelial tumors are uncommon in mares, and data on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) are still lacking. This is a study investigating the equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection state as well as the EMT process and the tumor microenvironment in vulvo-vaginal preneoplastic/ benign (8/22) or malignant (14/22) epithelial lesions in mares. To do this, histopathological, immunohistochemical, transcriptomic, in situ hybridization, and correlation analyses were carried out. Immunohistochemistry quantification showed that cytoplasmic E-cadherin and β-catenin expression as well as nuclear β-catenin expression were features of malignant lesions, while benign/preneoplastic lesions were mainly characterized by membranous E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. Despite this, there were no differences between benign and malignant equine vulvo-vaginal lesions in the expression of downstream genes involved in the canonical and noncanonical wnt/β-catenin pathways. In addition, malignant lesions were characterized by a lower number of cells with cytoplasmic cytokeratin expression as well as a slightly higher cytoplasmic vimentin immunolabeling. The TIME of malignant lesions was characterized by more numerous CD204+ M2-polarized macrophages. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that some actors in TIME such as CD204+ M2-polarized macrophages may favor the EMT process in equine vulvo-vaginal malignant lesions providing new insights for future investigations in the field of equine EcPV2-induced genital neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia de Paolis
- University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Grazia De Ciucis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genova, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Vittoria Montemurro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Christina Puff
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genova, Italy
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6
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Zhang C, Hu Z, Pan Z, Ji Z, Cao X, Yu H, Qin X, Guan M. The arachidonic acid metabolome reveals elevation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in colorectal cancer. Analyst 2024; 149:1907-1920. [PMID: 38372525 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01723k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolites are a family of bioactive lipids derived from membrane phospholipids. They are involved in cancer progression, but arachidonic acid metabolite profiles and their related biosynthetic pathways remain uncertain in colorectal cancer (CRC). To compare the arachidonic acid metabolite profiles between CRC patients and healthy controls, quantification was performed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis of serum and tissue samples. Metabolomics analysis delineated the distinct oxidized lipids in CRC patients and healthy controls. Prostaglandin (PGE2)-derived metabolites were increased, suggesting that the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway was upregulated in CRC. The qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that the expression level of PGE2 synthases, the key protein of PGE2 biosynthesis, was upregulated in CRC and positively correlated with the CD68+ macrophage density and CRC development. Our study indicates that the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway is associated with macrophage infiltration and progression of CRC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zuojian Hu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ziyue Pan
- Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaodong Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Wang J, Peng J, Chen Y, Nasser MI, Qin H. The role of stromal cells in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and its therapeutic potential. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:13. [PMID: 38244071 PMCID: PMC10799841 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical tumor invasion and metastasis process. EMT enables tumor cells to migrate, detach from their original location, enter the circulation, circulate within it, and eventually exit from blood arteries to colonize in foreign sites, leading to the development of overt metastases, ultimately resulting in death. EMT is intimately tied to stromal cells around the tumor and is controlled by a range of cytokines secreted by stromal cells. This review summarizes recent research on stromal cell-mediated EMT in tumor invasion and metastasis. We also discuss the effects of various stromal cells on EMT induction and focus on the molecular mechanisms by which several significant stromal cells convert from foes to friends of cancer cells to fuel EMT processes via their secretions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As a result, a better knowledge of the role of stromal cells in cancer cells' EMT may pave the path to cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjing Wang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Peng
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - M I Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Qin
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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8
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Zhou Y, Qian M, Li J, Ruan L, Wang Y, Cai C, Gu S, Zhao X. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer: From mechanism to small molecule therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116014. [PMID: 38134634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the lung tumor microenvironment. TAMs recruited to the lung cancer can create a suitable microenvironment for the growth and metastasis of lung cancer by secreting tumor promoting factors and interfering with the function of T cells. Currently, numerous studies have reported that small molecular drugs affect lung cancer progression by selectively targeting TAMs. The main ways include blocking the recruitment of monocytes or eliminating existing TAMs in tumor tissue, reprogramming TAMs into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages or inhibiting M2 polarization of macrophages, interrupting the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages, and modulating immune function. Signaling pathways or cytokines such as CCL8, CCL2/CCR2, CSF-1/CSF-1R, STAT3, STAT6, MMPs, Caspase-8, AMPK α1, TLR3, CD47/SIRPα, have been reported to be involved in this process. Based on summarizing the role and mechanisms of TAMs in lung cancer progression, this paper particularly focuses on systematically reviewing the effects and mechanisms of small molecule drugs on lung cancer TAMs, and classified the small molecular drugs according to the way they affect TAMs. The study aims to provide new perspectives and potential therapeutic drugs for targeted macrophages treatment in lung cancer, which is of great significance and will provide more options for immunotherapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongnan Zhou
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Manqing Qian
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lanxi Ruan
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenyao Cai
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shengxian Gu
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhao
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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9
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Kovacs D, Flori E, Bastonini E, Mosca S, Migliano E, Cota C, Zaccarini M, Briganti S, Cardinali G. Targeting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Counteracts the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Keratinocyte-Derived Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17379. [PMID: 38139209 PMCID: PMC10743516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system regulates physiological processes, and the modulation of endogenous endocannabinoid (eCB) levels is an attractive tool to contrast the development of pathological skin conditions including cancers. Inhibiting FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase), the degradation enzyme of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) leads to the increase in AEA levels, thus enhancing its biological effects. Here, we evaluated the anticancer property of the FAAH inhibitor URB597, investigating its potential to counteract epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process crucially involved in tumor progression. The effects of the compound were determined in primary human keratinocytes, ex vivo skin explants, and the squamous carcinoma cell line A431. Our results demonstrate that URB597 is able to hinder the EMT process by downregulating mesenchymal markers and reducing migratory potential. These effects are associated with the dampening of the AKT/STAT3 signal pathways and reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumorigenic lipid species. The ability of URB597 to contrast the EMT process provides insight into effective approaches that may also include the use of FAAH inhibitors for the treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.K.); (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.K.); (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Emanuela Bastonini
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.K.); (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.K.); (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.K.); (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.K.); (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
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10
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Li H, Chen Z, Chen N, Fan Y, Xu Y, Xu X. Applications of lung cancer organoids in precision medicine: from bench to bedside. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:350. [PMID: 38057851 PMCID: PMC10698950 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, lung cancer continues to pose a menacing threat to human health worldwide. Lung cancer treatment options primarily rely on chemoradiotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Despite significant progress in research and treatment, the 5-year survival rate for lung cancer patients is only 10-20%. There is an urgent need to develop more reliable preclinical models and valid therapeutic approaches. Patient-derived organoids with highly reduced tumour heterogeneity have emerged as a promising model for high-throughput drug screening to guide treatment of lung cancer patients. Organoid technology offers a novel platform for disease modelling, biobanking and drug development. The expected benefit of organoids is for cancer patients as the subsequent precision medicine technology. Over the past few years, numerous basic and clinical studies have been conducted on lung cancer organoids, highlighting the significant contributions of this technique. This review comprehensively examines the current state-of-the-art technologies and applications relevant to the formation of lung cancer organoids, as well as the potential of organoids in precision medicine and drug testing. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, Guangzhou, 510535, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yun Fan
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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11
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Zhang W, Dong J. Suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal-transition blue light therapy for reducing macrophage-mediated cancerous pulmonary fibrosis: An in-vitro study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300253. [PMID: 37589213 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading killer among all types of cancer globally. As a key factor, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in pathological fibrosis and lung cancer metastasis. This study endeavors to investigate the effect of blue light at specific wavelengths of 405 nm and 415 nm (54 J/cm2 ) on EMT induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. The results revealed that the blue light irradiation reduced the morphological characteristics of EMT in the A549 cells, and cell-to-cell connections were weakened significantly. Molecular analysis showed upregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of EMT marker vimentin. Additionally, exposure to blue light irradiation at 405 nm and 415 nm significantly decelerated the ability of invasion and migration. Moreover, cell viability was also investigated. Based on these findings, blue light can serve as a useful therapeutic option for inhibiting EMT in cases of lung cancer and fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Dong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Gong X, Liu Y, Liang K, Chen Z, Ding K, Qiu L, Wei J, Du H. Cucurbitacin I Reverses Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization to Affect Cancer Cell Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15920. [PMID: 37958903 PMCID: PMC10650020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor progression and immune regulation. As one of the most important components of the tumor microenvironment, macrophages have become a new therapeutic target for inhibiting tumor progression. Despite the well-documented anticancer activity of cucurbitacin I, its effect on macrophages remains unclear. In this study, we established a coculture system of macrophages and cancer cells under hypoxic conditions to simulate the tumor-promoting environment mediated by M2-like macrophages. We determined whether cucurbitacin I modulates M2-like polarization in macrophages in vitro and conducted RNA sequencing to identify gene expression changes induced by cucurbitacin I in macrophages. The results indicated a remarkable inhibition of the M2-like polarization phenotype in macrophages following treatment with cucurbitacin I, which was accompanied by the significant downregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, we found that cucurbitacin I-treated macrophages reduced the migration of cancer cells by inhibiting the M2 polarization in vitro. These findings highlight the potential of cucurbitacin I as a therapeutic agent that targets M2-like macrophages to inhibit cancer cell metastasis. Our study provides novel insights into the intricate interplay among macrophage polarization, cucurbitacin I, and heme oxygenase-1, thereby opening new avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinfen Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, University Town Campus, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (K.L.); (Z.C.); (K.D.); (L.Q.)
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, University Town Campus, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.G.); (Y.L.); (K.L.); (Z.C.); (K.D.); (L.Q.)
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13
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Mai Y, Su J, Yang C, Xia C, Fu L. The strategies to cure cancer patients by eradicating cancer stem-like cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:171. [PMID: 37853413 PMCID: PMC10583358 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells, possess remarkable capability in proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. Their presence is recognized as a crucial factor contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. CSCs have garnered significant attention as a therapeutic focus and an etiologic root of treatment-resistant cells. Increasing evidence indicated that specific biomarkers, aberrant activated pathways, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunoevasion are considered the culprits in the occurrence of CSCs and the maintenance of CSCs properties including multi-directional differentiation. Targeting CSC biomarkers, stemness-associated pathways, TME, immunoevasion and inducing CSCs differentiation improve CSCs eradication and, therefore, cancer treatment. This review comprehensively summarized these targeted therapies, along with their current status in clinical trials. By exploring and implementing strategies aimed at eradicating CSCs, researchers aim to improve cancer treatment outcomes and overcome the challenges posed by CSC-mediated therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansui Mai
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Su
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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14
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Cao Y, Wu Y, Tu H, Gu Z, Yu F, Huang W, Shen L, Wang L, Li Y. (-)-Guaiol inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer via suppressing M2 macrophages mediated STAT3 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19817. [PMID: 37809930 PMCID: PMC10559221 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of cancer expansion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an essential role in driving invasion and metastasis potential of cancer cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-derived factors involved in the initiation and progression of EMT. We assess the role of M2 macrophage in suppressing lung tumors of a natural compound (-)-Guaiol by using macrophage depleted model. Bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) were extracted and induced to M2-like phenotype in vitro. The co-culture of M2 macrophage and lung cancer cells was established to observe that inhibition of lung tumor growth by (-)-Guaiol requires presence of macrophages. This suppressed effect of (-)-Guaiol was alleviated when mice macrophage was depleted. The expression of M2-like macrophages was strongly reduced by (-)-Guaiol treated mice, but not the changes of M1-like macrophages. In vitro studies, we demonstrated that (-)-Guaiol suppressed M2 polarization of BMDMs, as well as migration, invasion, and EMT of lung cancer cells in co-culture. M2 macrophage-derived interleukin 10 (IL-10) was investigated as a critical signaling molecule between M2 macrophage and lung cancer cells. We have also verified that the mechanism of (-)-Guaiol inhibiting the EMT process of lung cancer is related to the activation of IL-10-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These results suggested that the suppressive effect role of (-)-Guaiol in M2 macrophage promoting EMT of lung cancer, which was associated with inhibition of IL-10 mediated STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Cao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongbin Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan Gu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiling Huang
- Shanghai Jing 'an District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liping Shen
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
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15
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Haerinck J, Goossens S, Berx G. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity landscape: principles of design and mechanisms of regulation. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:590-609. [PMID: 37169858 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) enables cells to interconvert between several states across the epithelial-mesenchymal landscape, thereby acquiring hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypic features. This plasticity is crucial for embryonic development and wound healing, but also underlies the acquisition of several malignant traits during cancer progression. Recent research using systems biology and single-cell profiling methods has provided novel insights into the main forces that shape EMP, which include the microenvironment, lineage specification and cell identity, and the genome. Additionally, key roles have emerged for hysteresis (cell memory) and cellular noise, which can drive stochastic transitions between cell states. Here, we review these forces and the distinct but interwoven layers of regulatory control that stabilize EMP states or facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating the EMP landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Haerinck
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Translational Research in Oncology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Bioinformatic Analysis of the CXCR2 Ligands in Cancer Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13287. [PMID: 37686093 PMCID: PMC10487711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human CXCR2 has seven ligands, i.e., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, and CXCL8/IL-8-chemokines with nearly identical properties. However, no available study has compared the contribution of all CXCR2 ligands to cancer progression. That is why, in this study, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis using the GEPIA, UALCAN, and TIMER2.0 databases to investigate the role of CXCR2 ligands in 31 different types of cancer, including glioblastoma, melanoma, and colon, esophageal, gastric, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. We focused on the differences in the regulation of expression (using the Tfsitescan and miRDB databases) and analyzed mutation types in CXCR2 ligand genes in cancers (using the cBioPortal). The data showed that the effect of CXCR2 ligands on prognosis depends on the type of cancer. CXCR2 ligands were associated with EMT, angiogenesis, recruiting neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment, and the count of M1 macrophages. The regulation of the expression of each CXCR2 ligand was different and, thus, each analyzed chemokine may have a different function in cancer processes. Our findings suggest that each type of cancer has a unique pattern of CXCR2 ligand involvement in cancer progression, with each ligand having a unique regulation of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska Str. 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
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17
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Flori E, Mosca S, Cardinali G, Briganti S, Ottaviani M, Kovacs D, Manni I, Truglio M, Mastrofrancesco A, Zaccarini M, Cota C, Piaggio G, Picardo M. The Activation of PPARγ by (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic Acid Counteracts the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Process in Skin Carcinogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071007. [PMID: 37048080 PMCID: PMC10093137 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common UV-induced keratinocyte-derived cancer, and its progression is characterized by the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We previously demonstrated that PPARγ activation by 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (Octa) prevents cutaneous UV damage. We investigated the possible role of the PPARγ activators Octa and the new compound (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid (A02) in targeting keratinocyte-derived skin cancer. Like Octa, A02 exerted a protective effect against UVB-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in NHKs. In the squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells, A02 inhibited cell proliferation and increased differentiation markers’ expression. Moreover, Octa and even more A02 counteracted the TGF-β1-dependent increase in mesenchymal markers, intracellular ROS, the activation of EMT-related signal transduction pathways, and cells’ migratory capacity. Both compounds, especially A02, counterbalanced the TGF-β1-induced cell membrane lipid remodeling and the release of bioactive lipids involved in EMT. In vivo experiments on a murine model useful to study cell proliferation in adult animals showed the reduction of areas characterized by active cell proliferation in response to A02 topical treatment. In conclusion, targeting PPARγ may be useful for the prevention and treatment of keratinocyte-derived skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus International Medical University, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.P.)
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18
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Interleukin-6 and Hypoxia Synergistically Promote EMT-Mediated Invasion in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via the IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1 α Feedback Loop. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:8334881. [PMID: 36814597 PMCID: PMC9940980 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8334881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive peritoneal spread and capacity for distant metastasis account for the majority of mortality from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Accumulating evidence shows that interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes tumor invasion and migration in EOC, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Meanwhile, the hypoxic microenvironment has been recognized to cause metastasis by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several types of cancers. Here, we studied the synergy between IL-6 and hypoxia in inducing EMT in two EOC cell lines, A2780 cells and SKOV3 cells. Exogenous recombination of IL-6 and autocrine production of IL-6 regulated by plasmids both induced EMT phenotype in EOC cells characterized by downregulated E-cadherin as well as upregulated expression of vimentin and EMT-related transcription factors. The combined effects of IL-6 and hypoxia were more significant than those of either one treatment on EMT. Suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) before IL-6 treatment inhibited the EMT phenotype and invasion ability of EOC cells, indicating that HIF-1α occupies a key position in the regulatory pathway of EMT associated with IL-6. EMT score was found positively correlated with mRNA levels of IL-6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and HIF-1α, respectively, in 489 ovarian samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Next, blockade of the abovementioned molecules by chemical inhibitors reversed the alteration in the protein levels of EMT markers induced by either exogenous or endogenous IL-6. These findings indicate a positive feedback loop between IL-6 and HIF-1α, and induce and maintain EMT phenotype through STAT3 signaling, which might provide a novel rationale for prognostic prediction and therapeutic targets in EOC.
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19
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Saliakoura M, Konstantinidou G. Lipid Metabolic Alterations in KRAS Mutant Tumors: Unmasking New Vulnerabilities for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021793. [PMID: 36675307 PMCID: PMC9864058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most commonly mutated genes, an event that leads to development of highly aggressive and resistant to any type of available therapy tumors. Mutated KRAS drives a complex network of lipid metabolic rearrangements to support the adaptation of cancer cells to harsh environmental conditions and ensure their survival. Because there has been only a little success in the continuous efforts of effectively targeting KRAS-driven tumors, it is of outmost importance to delineate the exact mechanisms of how they get rewired, leading to this distinctive phenotype. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the available data acquired over the last years with regard to the lipid metabolic regulation of KRAS-driven tumors and elucidate their specific characteristics in an attempt to unravel novel therapeutic targets.
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20
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Zhang J, Hu Z, Horta CA, Yang J. Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by tumor microenvironmental signals and its implication in cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:46-66. [PMID: 36521737 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in various aspects of tumor development, including tumor invasion and metastasis, cancer stemness, and therapy resistance. Diverse stroma cell types along with biochemical and biophysical factors in the tumor microenvironment impinge on the EMT program to impact tumor progression. Here we provide an in-depth review of various tumor microenvironmental signals that regulate EMT in cancer. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of EMT in therapy resistance and highlight new therapeutic approaches targeting the tumor microenvironment to impact EMT and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhimin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Calista A Horta
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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21
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Macrophages as a Potential Immunotherapeutic Target in Solid Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010055. [PMID: 36679900 PMCID: PMC9863216 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolution in cancer immunotherapy over the last few decades has resulted in a paradigm shift in the clinical care of cancer. Most of the cancer immunotherapeutic regimens approved so far have relied on modulating the adaptive immune system. In recent years, strategies and approaches targeting the components of innate immunity have become widely recognized for their efficacy in targeting solid cancers. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system, which can play a crucial role in the generation of anti-tumor immunity through their ability to phagocytose cancer cells and present tumor antigens to the cells of adaptive immunity. However, the macrophages that are recruited to the tumor microenvironment predominantly play pro-tumorigenic roles. Several strategies targeting pro-tumorigenic functions and harnessing the anti-tumorigenic properties of macrophages have shown promising results in preclinical studies, and a few of them have also advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of TAMs and their role in the progression of solid malignancies. We discuss various mechanisms through which TAMs promote tumor progression, such as inflammation, genomic instability, tumor growth, cancer stem cell formation, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis, tissue remodeling, and immunosuppression, etc. In addition, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TAMs and explore how macrophages can be used as a tool for next-generation immunotherapy for the treatment of solid malignancies.
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22
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Yang C, Wang T, Zhu S, Zong Z, Luo C, Zhao Y, Liu J, Li T, Liu X, Liu C, Deng H. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase Remodeled Cell Metabolism and Aggravated Proinflammatory Responses by Activating STAT3/IL1β/PGE 2 Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37509-37519. [PMID: 36312432 PMCID: PMC9607676 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a cytosolic methyltransferase, catalyzing N-methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to form 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNAM), in which S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the methyl donor. It has been well documented that NNMT is elevated in multiple cancers and promotes tumor aggressiveness. In the present study, we investigated the effects of NNMT overexpression on cellular metabolism and proinflammatory responses. We found that NNMT overexpression reduced NAD+ and SAM levels, and activated the STAT3 signaling pathway. Consequently, STAT3 activation upregulated interleukin 1β (IL1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), leading to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) accumulation. On the other hand, NNMT downregulated 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) which catalyzes PGE2 into inactive molecules. Moreover, secretomic data indicated that NNMT promoted secretion of collagens, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins, confirming NNMT aggravated inflammatory responses to promote cell growth, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance. Taken together, we showed that NNMT played a pro-inflammatory role in cancer cells by activating the STAT3/IL1β/PGE2 axis and proposed that NNMT was a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmei Yang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chengting Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- Chao
Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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23
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Li X, Chen L, Peng X, Zhan X. Progress of tumor-associated macrophages in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911410. [PMID: 35965509 PMCID: PMC9366252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a significant public health problem with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, tumor is one of the major diseases endangering human life. Moreover, metastasis is the most important contributor to the death of tumor patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential biological process in developing primary tumors to metastasis. It underlies tumor progression and metastasis by inducing a series of alterations in tumor cells that confer the ability to move and migrate. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the primary infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and they play an indispensable role in the EMT process of tumor cells by interacting with tumor cells. With the increasing clarity of the relationship between TAMs and EMT and tumor metastasis, targeting TAMs and EMT processes is emerging as a promising target for developing new cancer therapies. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition and briefly discusses the current anti-tumor therapies targeting TAMs and EMT processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaobo Peng
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Peng, ; Xianbao Zhan,
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24
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Zhou X, Wang X, Sun Q, Zhang W, Liu C, Ma W, Sun C. Natural compounds: A new perspective on targeting polarization and infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113096. [PMID: 35567987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development in tumor immunology, people are gradually understanding the complexity and diversity of the tumor microenvironment immune status and its important effect on tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), an important part of the tumor immune microenvironment, have a double effect on tumor growth and metastasis. Many studies have focused on lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer and other "hot tumors" with typical inflammatory characteristics. The polarization and infiltration of TAMs is an important mechanism in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, such as lung cancer, and in the tumor immune microenvironment. Therapeutic drugs designed for these reasons are key to targeting TAMs in the treatment of lung cancer. A large number of reports have suggested that natural compounds have a strong potential of affecting immunity by targeting the polarization and infiltration of TAMs to improve the immune microenvironment of lung cancer and exert a natural antitumor effect. This paper discusses the infiltration and polarization effects of natural compounds on lung cancer TAMs, provides a detailed classification and systematic review of natural compounds, and summarizes the bias of different kinds of natural compounds by affecting their antitumor mechanism of TAMs, with the aim of providing new perspectives and potential therapeutic drugs for targeted macrophages in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China; College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.
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25
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Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092246. [PMID: 35565378 PMCID: PMC9100503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Researchers increasingly appreciate the tumor microenvironment (TME) for its role in the development and therapy resistance of cancers like esophageal adenocarcinoma. A better understanding of the TME fueling carcinogenesis is necessary for tailored prevention and therapies. Here, we highlight recent insights into tumor initiation, interactions with the immune system and possible novel preventative measures. Abstract Despite therapeutical advancements, and in contrast to other malignancies, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) prognosis remains dismal while the incidence has markedly increased worldwide over the past decades. EAC is a malignancy of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction with gastric cells expanding into the esophagus. Most EAC patients have a history of Barret’s esophagus (BE), a metaplastic adaption to chronic reflux, initially causing an inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, the immune system is highly involved early on in disease development and progression. Normally, anti-tumor immunity could prevent carcinogenesis but in rare cases BE still progresses over a dysplastic intermediate state to EAC. The inflammatory milieu during the initial esophagitis phase changes to a tolerogenic immune environment in BE, and back to pro-inflammatory conditions in dysplasia and finally to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in EAC. Consequently, there is a huge interest in understanding the underpinnings that lead to the inflammation driven stepwise progression of the disease. Since knowledge about the constellations of the various involved cells and signaling molecules is currently fragmentary, a comprehensive description of these changes is needed, allowing better preventative measures, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic targets.
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26
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Jiang J, Liu J, Gao P, Liu J. Effect of taking aspirin before diagnosis on the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and analysis of prognostic factors. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221089799. [PMID: 35400214 PMCID: PMC9006383 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221089799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The 5-year survival rate of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is very low. However, long-term aspirin use has been suggested to have an adjuvant therapeutic effect. We therefore investigated the effect of long-term aspirin use before ESCC diagnosis on postoperative patient survival. Methods We carried out a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent esophageal cancer resection in our hospital from 2008 to 2018. Patients were divided into an aspirin group (n = 79) and control group (n = 79), and were followed up until December 2019. We analyzed the clinicopathological and follow-up data of the patients during hospitalization, and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression levels by immunohistochemistry, and related these to postoperative survival. Results Patients who took aspirin had significantly lower survival rates than those who did not. COX-2-negative patients had better survival than patients with either low or high COX-2 expression levels. T stage was the only independent predictor of survival in patients who took aspirin. Conclusions Long-term regular use of aspirin before diagnosis had an adverse effect on postoperative survival in patients with ESCC. Different COX-2 protein expression levels were associated with significantly different postoperative survival rates, with COX-2-positive patients having the poorest survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Junying Liu
- Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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27
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Desind SZ, Iacona JR, Yu CY, Mitrofanova A, Lutz CS. PACER lncRNA regulates COX-2 expression in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2022; 13:291-306. [PMID: 35136486 PMCID: PMC8815784 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression; however, in many cases, the mechanism of this regulation is unknown. One novel lncRNA relevant to inflammation and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is the p50-associated COX-2 extragenic RNA (PACER). We focused our research on the regulation of PACER in lung cancer. While the function of PACER is not entirely understood, PACER is known to play a role in inflammation-associated conditions. Our data suggest that PACER is critically involved in COX-2 transcription and dysregulation in lung cancer cells. Our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) expression data revealed that PACER expression is significantly higher in lung adenocarcinomas than normal lung tissues. Additionally, we discovered that elevated PACER expression strongly correlates with COX-2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of PACER decreases COX-2 expression indicating a direct relationship. Additionally, we show that PACER expression is induced upon treatment with proinflammatory cytokines to mimic inflammation. Treatment with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces both PACER and COX-2 expression, suggesting a PGE2-mediated feedback loop. Inhibition of COX-2 with celecoxib decreased PACER expression, confirming this self-regulatory process. Significant overlap between the COX-2 promotor and the PACER promotor led us to investigate their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Treatment with pharmacologic inhibitors of NF-κB or AP-1 showed a modest effect on both PACER and COX-2 expression but did not eliminate expression. These data suggest that the regulation of expression of both PACER and COX-2 is complex and intricately linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Z. Desind
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Joseph R. Iacona
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christina Y. Yu
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07107, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07107, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Carol S. Lutz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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28
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Rodriguez E, Boelaars K, Brown K, Madunić K, van Ee T, Dijk F, Verheij J, Li RJE, Schetters STT, Meijer LL, Le Large TYS, Driehuis E, Clevers H, Bruijns SCM, O'Toole T, van Vliet SJ, Bijlsma MF, Wuhrer M, Kazemier G, Giovannetti E, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y. Analysis of the glyco-code in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies glycan-mediated immune regulatory circuits. Commun Biol 2022; 5:41. [PMID: 35017635 PMCID: PMC8752754 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Despite the fact that changes in glycosylation patterns during tumour progression have been reported, no systematic approach has been conducted to evaluate its potential for patient stratification. By analysing publicly available transcriptomic data of patient samples and cell lines, we identified here two specific glycan profiles in PDAC that correlated with progression, clinical outcome and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. These different glycan profiles, confirmed by glycomics, can be distinguished by the expression of O-glycan fucosylated structures, present only in epithelial cells and regulated by the expression of GALNT3. Moreover, these fucosylated glycans can serve as ligands for DC-SIGN positive tumour-associated macrophages, modulating their activation and inducing the production of IL-10. Our results show mechanisms by which the glyco-code contributes to the tolerogenic microenvironment in PDAC. Rodriguez et al. present a transcriptomic analysis of glycosylation associated gene profiles, including bulk patient sequencing, sc-RNA seq, cell lines and organoids, to examine glycosylation in PDAC. They find 2 specific glycan profiles correlating with progression, clinical outcome and EMT, and conclude that the glyco-code contributes to the tolerogenic microenvironment in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rodriguez
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Boelaars
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kari Brown
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Ee
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J Eveline Li
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Y S Le Large
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Else Driehuis
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sven C M Bruijns
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom O'Toole
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ye Y, Ge O, Zang C, Yu L, Eucker J, Chen Y. LINC01094 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Cancer and is Correlated With EMT and Macrophage Infiltration. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221080977. [PMID: 35254147 PMCID: PMC8905065 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01094 is often upregulated in renal cell carcinoma and glioma; however, its role in gastric cancer remains unclear. Here, we aim to demonstrate the relationship between LINC01094 and gastric cancer. Method: The gene expression (RNASeq) data of 375 patients with localized, locally advanced, and metastatic gastric cancer were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics and LINC01094 expression. Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to assess prognostic factors of gastric cancer. A nomogram based on Cox multivariate analysis was used to predict the impact of LINC01094 on gastric cancer prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify key LINC01094-associated signaling pathways. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to detect the location of LINC01094 in the tissue, and a competing endogenous (ce)RNA network was constructed to identify LINC01094-related genes. Spearman's rank correlation was used to elucidate the association between LINC01094 expression level and immune cell infiltration level. Result: LINC01094 expression was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and strongly associated with overall survival using univariate Cox regression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.476, 95% CI = 1.060-2.054, P = .021) and multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR = 1.535, 95% CI = 1.021-2.308, P = .039). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of LINC01094 was 0.910. GSEA showed a strong relationship between LINC01094 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. RNA-FISH demonstrated that LINC01094 localized in the cytoplasm. It was closely related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker SNAI2, according to ceRNA (R = 0.61, P < .001), and macrophage-related gene FCGR2A. Macrophages were also significantly positively correlated with LINC01094 expression (R = 0.747, P < .001). Conclusion: High LINC01094 expression predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer and is correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway and macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchun Ye
- 117894Department of Gastroenterology, Quanzhou First Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology Oncology and Tumor Immunity, Benjamin Franklin Campus, 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ouyang Ge
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanbing Zang
- Department of Hematology Oncology and Tumor Immunity, Benjamin Franklin Campus, 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leina Yu
- Department of Hematology Oncology and Tumor Immunity, Benjamin Franklin Campus, 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Eucker
- Department of Hematology Oncology and Tumor Immunity, Benjamin Franklin Campus, 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuling Chen
- 543160Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wang X, Wu Y, Gu J, Xu J. Tumor-associated macrophages in lung carcinoma: From mechanism to therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153747. [PMID: 34952424 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which could be classified into the classical (M1-like) and alternatively activated (M2-like) phenotype, were considered to be important tumor-promoting components in lung cancer microenvironment. Several studies reported that TAMs in lung tumor islet or stroma are usually correlated with poor prognosis. Further studies showed that TAMs could promote the initiation of tumor cells, inhibit antitumor immune responses, and stimulate tumor angiogenesis and subsequently tumor metastasis of lung carcinoma. Currently, TAMs have been considered as penitential targets of lung cancer. This review summarizes from the fundamental information of TAMs to the its role in metastasis and present evidence for TAMs as a potential target of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yining Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu L, Li Z, Liu Y, Xiao Y. MicroRNA-106a-5p promotes the proliferation, autophagy and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting LKB1/AMPK. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1422. [PMID: 34707704 PMCID: PMC8543179 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been reported that lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality rate worldwide; however, the pathogenesis underlying lung cancer has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present was primarily to assess the influence of microRNA (miR)-106a-5p on the biological behaviors of lung cancer cells. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze the expression characteristics of miR-106a-5p and its relationship with the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in The Cancer Genome Atlas. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the binding of miR-106a-5p and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). The Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation and Transwell assays were utilized to detect cell viability, proliferation and migration, respectively. Protein and RNA expression levels were examined by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis, respectively. It was observed that miR-106a-5p was highly expressed in LUAD and associated with poor prognosis. miR-106a-5p promoted the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells, and inhibited autophagy. By contrast, LKB1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, promoted autophagy and blocked the cancer-promoting effects of miR-106a-5p. Overexpression of miR-106a-5p inhibited the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tuberin (TSC2), and promoted the phosphorylation of mTOR. By contrast, overexpression of LKB1 blocked the promotion of mTOR phosphorylation, and the inhibition of AMPK and TSC2 phosphorylation caused by miR-106a-5p. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that miR-106a-5p regulated the phosphorylation of the AMPK pathway by targeting LKB1, and was involved in the proliferation, migration and autophagy of LUAD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
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32
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Sen’kova AV, Savin IA, Brenner EV, Zenkova MA, Markov AV. Core genes involved in the regulation of acute lung injury and their association with COVID-19 and tumor progression: A bioinformatics and experimental study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260450. [PMID: 34807957 PMCID: PMC8608348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a specific form of lung damage caused by different infectious and non-infectious agents, including SARS-CoV-2, leading to severe respiratory and systemic inflammation. To gain deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms behind ALI and to identify core elements of the regulatory network associated with this pathology, key genes involved in the regulation of the acute lung inflammatory response (Il6, Ccl2, Cat, Serpine1, Eln, Timp1, Ptx3, Socs3) were revealed using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of whole-genome microarray datasets, functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), reconstruction of protein-protein interaction networks and text mining. The bioinformatics data were validated using a murine model of LPS-induced ALI; changes in the gene expression patterns were assessed during ALI progression and prevention by anti-inflammatory therapy with dexamethasone and the semisynthetic triterpenoid soloxolone methyl (SM), two agents with different mechanisms of action. Analysis showed that 7 of 8 revealed ALI-related genes were susceptible to LPS challenge (up-regulation: Il6, Ccl2, Cat, Serpine1, Eln, Timp1, Socs3; down-regulation: Cat) and their expression was reversed by the pre-treatment of mice with both anti-inflammatory agents. Furthermore, ALI-associated nodal genes were analysed with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung cancers. The overlap with DEGs identified in postmortem lung tissues from COVID-19 patients revealed genes (Saa1, Rsad2, Ifi44, Rtp4, Mmp8) that (a) showed a high degree centrality in the COVID-19-related regulatory network, (b) were up-regulated in murine lungs after LPS administration, and (c) were susceptible to anti-inflammatory therapy. Analysis of ALI-associated key genes using The Cancer Genome Atlas showed their correlation with poor survival in patients with lung neoplasias (Ptx3, Timp1, Serpine1, Plaur). Taken together, a number of key genes playing a core function in the regulation of lung inflammation were found, which can serve both as promising therapeutic targets and molecular markers to control lung ailments, including COVID-19-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Innokenty A. Savin
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenyi V. Brenner
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Markov
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Tumour microenvironment: a non-negligible driver for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Med 2021; 23:e16. [PMID: 34758892 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide, and metastasis is still the major cause of treatment failure for cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in the metastasis cascade of epithelium-derived carcinoma. Tumour microenvironment (TME) refers to the local tissue environment in which tumour cells produce and live, including not only tumour cells themselves, but also fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells, glial cells and other cells around them, as well as intercellular stroma, micro vessels and infiltrated biomolecules from the nearby areas, which has been proved to widely participate in the occurrence and progress of cancer. Emerging and accumulating studies indicate that, on one hand, mesenchymal cells in TME can establish 'crosstalk' with tumour cells to regulate their EMT programme; on the other, EMT-tumour cells can create a favourable environment for their own growth via educating stromal cells. Recently, our group has conducted a series of studies on the interaction between tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in TME, confirming that the interaction between TAMs and CRC cells mediated by cytokines or exosomes can jointly promote the metastasis of CRC by regulating the EMT process of tumour cells and the M2-type polarisation process of TAMs. Herein, we present an overview to describe the current knowledge about EMT in cancer, summarise the important role of TME in EMT, and provide an update on the mechanisms of TME-induced EMT in CRC, aiming to provide new ideas for understanding and resisting tumour metastasis.
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Xin SL, Yang X, Zhang YP, Xu KS. Zhikang Capsule Ameliorates Inflammation, Drives Polarization to M2 Macrophages, and Inhibits Apoptosis in Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 Cells. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:1214-1224. [PMID: 34705217 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Zhikang capsule (ZKC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. METHODS Safe concentrations of ZKC (0.175, 0.35, and 0.7 mg/mL) were used after the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RAW264.7 cells was calculated through the CCK-8 assay. In addition, the optimal intervention duration of ZKC (0.7 mg/mL) on RAW264.7 cells was determined to be 6 h, since all proinflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inteleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)] had a decreasing tendency and relatively down-regulated mRNA expression levels as compared with other durations (4, 8, and 12 h). RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with ZKC at various concentrations (0.175, 0.35 and 0.7 mg/mL) for 6 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for an additional 12 h. RESULTS In terms of inflammation, ZKC could reverse LPS-induced upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, iNOS, and MCP-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In terms of the NF-κB signaling pathway, ZKC could reduce phosphorylated p65 and promote M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells under LPS stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ZKC exhibited a protective effect on macrophages from apoptosis. CONCLUSION ZKC exhibited obvious antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at the cellular level, and a weakened NF-κB signaling pathway may be a potential significant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Liang Xin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ke-Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Nam HH, Nan L, Choo BK. Anti-Inflammation and Protective Effects of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill Seeds) on Esophageal Mucosa Damages in Reflux Esophagitis-Induced Rats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102500. [PMID: 34681549 PMCID: PMC8535990 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anethum graveolens L. (dill seeds) are important medicinal and functional foods in Europe and central and south Asia, often used as a seasoning in daily diets. Anethum graveolens L. seeds (AGS) are used to treat indigestion and have shown physiological activities such as those against hypoglycemia and gastroesophageal disease. This study explored the protective effects of AGS extract on mucosal damages and inflammation in reflux esophagitis rats. AGS inhibited cellular inflammation including NO production and the expression of inflammatory proteins (iNOS and COX2 etc.), cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and nuclear transfer factor related to NF-κB signaling caused by LPS stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, reflux esophagitis-induced rats were used to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of AGS. Tissue staining and inflammation-related protein expression of rats with acute reflux esophagitis indicated that AGS improved this inflammatory response, such as COX-2 and TNF-α in mucosa. In conclusion, AGS have good physiological activity and the possibility of being used as a medicinal food and a functional resource for the prevention and therapy of gastroesophageal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Hwa Nam
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si 58245, Korea;
| | - Li Nan
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China;
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-2526
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Brabletz S, Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP. Dynamic EMT: a multi-tool for tumor progression. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108647. [PMID: 34459003 PMCID: PMC8441439 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental for embryonic morphogenesis. Cells undergoing it lose epithelial characteristics and integrity, acquire mesenchymal features, and become motile. In cancer, this program is hijacked to confer essential changes in morphology and motility that fuel invasion. In addition, EMT is increasingly understood to orchestrate a large variety of complementary cancer features, such as tumor cell stemness, tumorigenicity, resistance to therapy and adaptation to changes in the microenvironment. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to these various classical and non-classical functions, and introduce EMT as a true tumorigenic multi-tool, involved in many aspects of cancer. We suggest that therapeutic targeting of the EMT process will-if acknowledging these complexities-be a possibility to concurrently interfere with tumor progression on many levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Marc P. Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
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7S,15R-Dihydroxy-16S,17S-Epoxy-Docosapentaenoic Acid, a Novel DHA Epoxy Derivative, Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Stemness through Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Functions and the ROS/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091459. [PMID: 34573091 PMCID: PMC8470250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a highly malignant cancer that is inherently resistant to many chemotherapeutic drugs owing to the complicated tumor-supportive microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are known to mediate colorectal cancer metastasis and relapse and are therefore a promising therapeutic target. In the current study, we first confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA), a novel DHA dihydroxy derivative synthesized in our previous work. We found that diHEP-DPA significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokines secretion of THP1 macrophages, IL-6, and TNF-α. As expected, diHEP-DPA also modulated TAM polarization, as evidenced by decreased gene and protein expression of the TAM markers, CD206, CD163, VEGF, and TGF-β1. During the polarization process, diHEP-DPA treatment decreased the concentration of TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in culture supernatants via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, diHEP-DPA blocked immunosuppression by reducing the expression of SIRPα in TAMs and CD47 in colorectal cancer cells. Knowing that an inflammatory TME largely serves to support epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness, we tested whether diHEP-DPA acted through polarization of TAMs to regulate these processes. The intraperitoneally injected diHEP-DPA inhibited tumor growth when administered alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in vivo. We further found that diHEP-DPA effectively reversed TAM-conditioned medium (TCCM)-induced EMT and enhanced colorectal cancer stemness, as evidenced by its inhibition of colorectal cancer cell migration, invasion and expression of EMT markers, as well as cancer cell tumorspheres formation, without damaging colorectal cancer cells. DiHEP-DPA reduced the population of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive cells and expression of colorectal stemness marker proteins (CD133, CD44, and Sox2) by modulating TAM polarization. Additionally, diHEP-DPA directly inhibited cancer stemness by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These data collectively suggest that diHEP-DPA has the potential for development as an anticancer agent against colorectal cancer.
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He X, Smith SE, Chen S, Li H, Wu D, Meneses-Giles PI, Wang Y, Hembree M, Yi K, Zhao X, Guo F, Unruh JR, Maddera LE, Yu Z, Scott A, Perera A, Wang Y, Zhao C, Bae K, Box A, Haug JS, Tao F, Hu D, Hansen DM, Qian P, Saha S, Dixon D, Anant S, Zhang D, Lin EH, Sun W, Wiedemann LM, Li L. Tumor-initiating stem cell shapes its microenvironment into an immunosuppressive barrier and pro-tumorigenic niche. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109674. [PMID: 34496236 PMCID: PMC8451448 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating stem cells (TSCs) are critical for drug resistance and immune escape. However, the mutual regulations between TSC and tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. Using DNA-label retaining, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and other approaches, we investigated intestinal adenoma in response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT), thus identifying therapy-resistant TSCs (TrTSCs). We find bidirectional crosstalk between TSCs and TME using CellPhoneDB analysis. An intriguing finding is that TSCs shape TME into a landscape that favors TSCs for immunosuppression and propagation. Using adenoma-organoid co-cultures, niche-cell depletion, and lineaging tracing, we characterize a functional role of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2)-dependent signaling, predominantly occurring between tumor-associated monocytes and macrophages (TAMMs) and TrTSCs. We show that TAMMs promote TrTSC proliferation through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-PTGER4(EP4) signaling, which enhances β-catenin activity via AKT phosphorylation. Thus, our study shows that the bidirectional crosstalk between TrTSC and TME results in a pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive contexture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sarah E Smith
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Mark Hembree
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Kexi Yi
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Fengli Guo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Allison Scott
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Anoja Perera
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - KyeongMin Bae
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Andrew Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Haug
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Fang Tao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Deqing Hu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Darrick M Hansen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Cancer Biology/Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dan Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology/Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661607, USA
| | - Edward H Lin
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Weijing Sun
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
| | - Leanne M Wiedemann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661607, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661607, USA.
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Pang L, Shah H, Xu Y, Qian S. Delta-5-desaturase: A novel therapeutic target for cancer management. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101207. [PMID: 34438249 PMCID: PMC8390547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
D5D is an independent prognostic factor in cancer. D5D aggravates cancer progression via mediating AA/PGE2 production from DGLA. AA/PGE2 promotes cancer progression via regulating the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of D5D redirects COX-2 catalyzed DGLA peroxidation, producing 8-HOA. 8-HOA suppress cancer by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis.
Delta-5 desaturase (D5D) is a rate-limiting enzyme that introduces double-bonds to the delta-5 position of the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid chain. Since fatty acid metabolism is a vital factor in cancer development, several recent studies have revealed that D5D activity and expression could be an independent prognostic factor in cancers. However, the mechanistic basis of D5D in cancer progression is still controversial. The classical concept believes that D5D could aggravate cancer progression via mediating arachidonic acid (AA)/prostaglandin E2 production from dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), resulting in activation of EP receptors, inflammatory pathways, and immunosuppression. On the contrary, D5D may prevent cancer progression through activating ferroptosis, which is iron-dependent cell death. Suppression of D5D by RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitor has been identified as a promising anti-cancer strategy. Inhibition of D5D could shift DGLA peroxidation pattern from generating AA to a distinct anti-cancer free radical byproduct, 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid, resulting in activation of apoptosis pathway and simultaneously suppression of cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms of D5D on cancer may therefore facilitate the development of novel therapeutical applications. Given that D5D may serve as a promising target in cancer, in this review, we provide an updated summary of current knowledge on the role of D5D in cancer development and potentially useful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Sudro 108, 1401 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Harshit Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Sudro 108, 1401 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Sudro 108, 1401 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, USA
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Ge X, Peng X, Li M, Ji F, Chen J, Zhang D. OGT regulated O-GlcNacylation promotes migration and invasion by activating IL-6/STAT3 signaling in NSCLC cells. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153580. [PMID: 34391182 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT) is a key enzyme that regulates O-GlcNAc modification, which is significantly up-regulated and participates in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Although previous research indicated that OGT promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer, the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially within the tumor inflammatory microenvironment, require further elucidation. METHODS The role of the inflammatory signaling Interleukin 6/Signal Transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells A549 were confirmed by Transwell assay, Scratch wound healing assay, Western blot, Immunofluorescence staining, and Nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction experiment. Western blot detected OGT expression and whole protein O-GlcNacylation after IL-6 stimulation in NSCLCs cells. The biological effects and related mechanism of OGT in NSCLC cells were investigated by Western blot, Transwell assay, Immunofluorescence staining and Immunoprecipitation. The up-stream mechanism of OGT expression was explored by employing the specific chemical inhibitors, and the expression and distribution of OGT and phosphorylated STAT3 in NSCLC samples were confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS IL-6/STAT3 promoted the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. IL-6 stimulation elevated OGT expression and the total protein O-GlcNacylation in A549 cells. Silencing OGT by shRNA significantly inhibited the IL-6 induced EMT marker (N-cadherin and Slug) expression, migration and invasion in A549 cells. OGT interacted with and mediated O-GlcNacylation of STAT3, which promoted STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation in IL-6 treated NSCLC cells. OGT expression was positively regulated by NF-κB p65 signaling pathway after IL-6 stimulation, instead of STAT3 signaling. OGT and phosphorylated STAT3 had an obviously higher expression in human NSCLC tissues, and phosphorylated STAT3 was mainly expressed in the nucleus. CONCLUSION The above results showed that OGT regulated O-GlcNacylation promoted migration and invasion by activating IL-6/STAT3 signaling in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Department of Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ji
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China.
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The Role of the IL-6 Cytokine Family in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158334. [PMID: 34361105 PMCID: PMC8347315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) plays critical roles during embryonic development, wound repair, fibrosis, inflammation and cancer. During cancer progression, EMP results in heterogeneous and dynamic populations of cells with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics, which are required for local invasion and metastatic dissemination. Cancer development is associated with an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by the accumulation of multiple immune cells and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines from the interleukin 6 (IL-6) family play fundamental roles in mediating tumour-promoting inflammation within the tumour microenvironment, and have been associated with chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancer, where some members often act as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. All IL-6 family members signal through the Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and are able to activate a wide array of signalling pathways and transcription factors. In general, IL-6 cytokines activate EMP processes, fostering the acquisition of mesenchymal features in cancer cells. However, this effect may be highly context dependent. This review will summarise all the relevant literature related to all members of the IL-6 family and EMP, although it is mainly focused on IL-6 and oncostatin M (OSM), the family members that have been more extensively studied.
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Serini S, Cassano R, Bruni M, Servidio C, Calviello G, Trombino S. Characterization of a hyaluronic acid and folic acid-based hydrogel for cisplatin delivery: Antineoplastic effect in human ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120899. [PMID: 34324990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We successfully prepared and characterized a hyaluronic acid- and folic acid-based hydrogel for the delivery of cisplatin (GEL-CIS) with the aim to induce specific and efficient incorporation of CIS into ovarian cancer (OC) cells, improve its antineoplastic effect and avoid CIS-resistance. The slow and controlled release of the drug from the polymeric network and its swelling degree at physiologic pH suggested its suitability for CIS delivery in OC. We compared here the effects of pure CIS to that of GEL-CIS on human OC cell lines, either wild type or CIS-resistant, in basal conditions and in the presence of macrophage-derived conditioned medium, mimicking the action of tumor-associated macrophages in vivo. GEL-CIS inhibited OC cell growth and migration more efficiently than pure CIS and modulated the expression of proteins involved in the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, a process playing a key role in OC metastatic spread and resistance to CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Matilde Bruni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Camilla Servidio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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43
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Modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by melatonin. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174365. [PMID: 34302814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a number of non-cancerous cells that affect cancer cell survival. Although CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells suppress tumor growth through induction of cell death in cancer cells, there are various immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), etc., which drive cancer cell proliferation. These cells may also support tumor growth and metastasis by stimulating angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and resistance to apoptosis. Interactions between cancer cells and other cells, as well as molecules released into EMT, play a key role in tumor growth and suppression of antitumoral immunity. Melatonin is a natural hormone that may be found in certain foods and is also available as a drug. Melatonin has been demonstrated to modulate cell activity and the release of cytokines and growth factors in TME. The purpose of this review is to explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cancer cell resistance as a result of interactions with TME. Next, we explain how melatonin affects cells and interactions within the TME.
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Ramachandran S, Verma AK, Dev K, Goyal Y, Bhatt D, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Almatroodi SA, Alrumaihi F, Khan NA. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5563746. [PMID: 34336101 PMCID: PMC8313354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With over a million deaths every year around the world, lung cancer is found to be the most recurrent cancer among all types. Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) amounts to about 85% of the entire cases. The other 15% owes it to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Despite decades of research, the prognosis for NSCLC patients is poorly understood with treatment options limited. First, this article emphasises on the part that tumour microenvironment (TME) and its constituents play in lung cancer progression. This review also highlights the inflammatory (pro- or anti-) roles of different cytokines (ILs, TGF-β, and TNF-α) and chemokine (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) families in the lung TME, provoking tumour growth and subsequent metastasis. The write-up also pinpoints recent developments in the field of chemokine biology. Additionally, it covers the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as alternate carriers of cytokines and chemokines. This allows the cytokines/chemokines to modulate the EVs for their secretion, trafficking, and aid in cancer proliferation. In the end, this review also stresses on the role of these factors as prognostic biomarkers for lung immunotherapy, apart from focusing on inflammatory actions of these chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ramachandran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Main Campus, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Trauma and Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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45
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Gómez-Valenzuela F, Escobar E, Pérez-Tomás R, Montecinos VP. The Inflammatory Profile of the Tumor Microenvironment, Orchestrated by Cyclooxygenase-2, Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686792. [PMID: 34178680 PMCID: PMC8222670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) corresponds to a complex and dynamic interconnection between the extracellular matrix and malignant cells and their surrounding stroma composed of immune and mesenchymal cells. The TME has constant cellular communication through cytokines that sustain an inflammatory profile, which favors tumor progression, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis. Although the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a relevant metastasis-initiating event that promotes an invasive phenotype in malignant epithelial cells, its relationship with the inflammatory profile of the TME is poorly understood. Previous evidence strongly suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression, a pro-inflammatory enzyme related to chronic unresolved inflammation, is associated with common EMT-signaling pathways. This review article summarizes how COX-2 overexpression, within the context of the TME, orchestrates the EMT process and promotes initial metastatic-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernán Gómez-Valenzuela
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrico Escobar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy - Bellvitge, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viviana P Montecinos
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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46
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Liu X, He M, Li L, Wang X, Han S, Zhao J, Dong Y, Ahmad M, Li L, Zhang X, Huo J, Liu Y, Pan C, Wang C. EMT and Cancer Cell Stemness Associated With Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Esophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672222. [PMID: 34150636 PMCID: PMC8209423 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance often occurs after chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients, leading to cancer metastasis and recurrence. However, the relationship among cancer cell migration, recurrence and drug resistance in esophageal cancer drug-resistant cells has not been clearly explained. In this study, we constructed paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant esophageal cancer cells to explore the causes of drug resistance and poor prognosis after chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. Colony formation assay was used to evaluate the difference of colony formation between parental cells and drug resistance cells. Microsphere formation assay was used to examine the phenotype of stem cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the migration ability of drug-resistant cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to explore the mechanisms. Finally, we used nude mouse xenograft model to explore the tumor characteristics and the expression of relative proteins to verify our findings in vivo. Our study demonstrated that the cancer cell stemness characteristics exist in drug-resistant esophageal cancer cells, that expressed the biomarkers of stem cells and were prone to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results suggested that the expression of EMT biomarkers and stemness-related proteins increased in esophageal cancer cells after continuously using chemotherapeutic drugs for a period of time. This study indicated that simultaneously targeting EMT and stemness could be a better strategy for the treatment of esophageal cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiya Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leilei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunfan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengxue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
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47
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Hussain SM, Kansal RG, Alvarez MA, Hollingsworth TJ, Elahi A, Miranda-Carboni G, Hendrick LE, Pingili AK, Albritton LM, Dickson PV, Deneve JL, Yakoub D, Hayes DN, Kurosu M, Shibata D, Makowski L, Glazer ES. Role of TGF-β in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and PD-L1 expression. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:673-687. [PMID: 33694102 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays a paradoxical, context-dependent role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): a tumor-suppressive role in non-metastatic PDAC and a tumor-promotive role in metastatic PDAC. We hypothesize that non-SMAD-TGF-β signaling induces PDAC progression. METHODS We investigated the expression of non-SMAD-TGF-β signaling proteins (pMAPK14, PD-L1, pAkt and c-Myc) in patient-derived tissues, cell lines and an immunocompetent mouse model. Experimental models were complemented by comparing the signaling proteins in PDAC specimens from patients with various survival intervals. We manipulated models with TGF-β, gemcitabine (DNA synthesis inhibitor), galunisertib (TGF-β receptor inhibitor) and MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor) to investigate their effects on NF-κB, β-catenin, c-Myc and PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression was also investigated in cancer cells and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in a mouse model. RESULTS We found that tumors from patients with aggressive PDAC had higher levels of the non-SMAD-TGF-β signaling proteins pMAPK14, PD-L1, pAkt and c-Myc. In PDAC cells with high baseline β-catenin expression, TGF-β increased β-catenin expression while gemcitabine increased PD-L1 expression. Gemcitabine plus galunisertib decreased c-Myc and NF-κB expression, but induced PD-L1 expression in some cancer models. In mice, gemcitabine plus galunisertib treatment decreased metastases (p = 0.018), whereas galunisertib increased PD-L1 expression (p < 0.0001). In the mice, liver metastases contained more TAMs compared to the primary pancreatic tumors (p = 0.001), and TGF-β increased TAM PD-L1 expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In PDAC, the non-SMAD-TGF-β signaling pathway leads to more aggressive phenotypes, TAM-induced immunosuppression and PD-L1 expression. The divergent effects of TGF-β ligand versus receptor inhibition in tumor cells versus TAMs may explain the TGF-β paradox. Further evaluation of each mechanism is expected to lead to the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazher Hussain
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Rita G Kansal
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Marcus A Alvarez
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - T J Hollingsworth
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Abul Elahi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | | | - Leah E Hendrick
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | | | | | - Paxton V Dickson
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jeremiah L Deneve
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Danny Yakoub
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Evan S Glazer
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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48
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Yang X, Sun J, Sun H, Wen B, Zhang M, An H, Chen W, Zhao W, Zhong X, He C, Pang J, He S. MicroRNA-30a-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in MHCC-97H hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting COX-2. J Cancer 2021; 12:3945-3957. [PMID: 34093801 PMCID: PMC8176251 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs which can bind to target mRNAs and regulate gene expression. Increasing evidences suggest that miRNAs play an important role in driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by regulating tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of microRNA-30a-3p (miR-30a-3p) was reduced in HCC cell lines in comparison to immortalized liver cell line, LO2. Augmented miR-30a-3p level markedly inhibited MHCC-97H cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro. MiR-30a-3p was also found to inhibit tumor growth in vivo using tumor-bearing mice. Mechanismly, COX-2 was discovered to be a direct and functional target of miR-30a-3p in MHCC-97H cells. Raised miR-30a-3p expression reduced the transcriptional level of COX-2 in MHCC-97H cells, while genetically upregulated COX-2 expression was able to reverse the function of miR-30a-3p-mediated suppression of MHCC-97H cells growth, migration and invasion. In addition, we found that using a COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, could enhance the anti-metastatic role of miR-30a-3p in MHCC-97H cells. Lastly, we found that decreased COX-2 protein level affected PGE2 production, leading to lower Bcl-2, Caspase-3, MMP2 and MMP9 expression but higher Bax and E-cadherin expression, which in turn culminated in higher rates of cell death and lower rates of cell migration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that miR-30a-3p could be a target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueMei Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - JiaLing Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - HaiTao Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Air Force Hospital Of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - MingJia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - HaiYan An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - WeiCong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - WenTing Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - XiaoDan Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ChunYu He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - SongQi He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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49
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Wang X, Sheng W, Xu T, Xu J, Gao R, Zhang Z. CircRNA hsa_circ_0110102 inhibited macrophage activation and hepatocellular carcinoma progression via miR-580-5p/PPARα/CCL2 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11969-11987. [PMID: 33891564 PMCID: PMC8109088 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have critical regulatory roles in tumor biology. However, their contributions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remain enigmatic. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of hsa_circ_0110102 in the occurrence and development of HCC. The expression level of hsa_circ_0110102 was significantly downregulated in HCC cell lines and tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown hsa_circ_0110102 significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, the interaction between hsa_circ_0110102 and miR-580-5p was predicted and verified by luciferase assay and RNA pull-down. The findings indicated that hsa_circ_0110102 functioned as a sponge for miR-580-5p. Moreover, miR-580-5p directly bound to the 3' UTR of PPARα, which decreased the production and release of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in HCC cells. CCL2 could activate the cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) pathway in macrophage via FoxO1 in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Furthermore, the Δ256 mutant of FoxO1 showed no activation effect. These results concluded that hsa_circ_0110102 acted as a sponge for miR-580-5p and inhibited CCL2 secretion into tumor microenvironment by decrease the expression of PPARα in HCC cells, then inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine release from macrophages by regulating the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0110102 served as a potential prognostic predictor or therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
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50
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Zhang X, Zhu M, Hong Z, Chen C. Co-culturing polarized M2 Thp-1-derived macrophages enhance stemness of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:709. [PMID: 33987407 PMCID: PMC8106048 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly associated with cancer stem cells, and affects tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of induction of A549 cancer cell stemness by THP-1-derived macrophages. Method The Hedgehog inhibitor (Vismodegib), Notch inhibitor Gamma Secretase Inhibitor (GSI), and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor Cucurbitacin I (JSI-124) were added separately into the co-culture system of A549 cancer cell with THP-1-derived macrophages. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and the Cell-IQ continuous surveillance system were used to examine the cell growth and morphological changes of A549 cells. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of stem cell markers were respectively analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, and the activity of Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the activation and differentiation of macrophages. Results Results showed that the proliferation and stemness of A549 cells were significantly enhanced by co-culturing with THP-1-derived macrophages. The expression levels of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages were notably increased after co-culturing with A549 cells. Meanwhile, co-culturing with A549 cells induced the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. Moreover, the inhibitors could reduce the proliferation and stemness of the co-culture system, and decrease the expression of TGF-β and IL-6. Conclusions These results suggested that co-culturing A549 cells with THP-1-derived macrophages could induce the stemness of A549 cells via multiple pro-tumorigenic pathways. Thus, inhibition of the interaction between macrophages and lung cancer stem cells may be a viable target for lung cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zipu Hong
- Department of Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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