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Saisorn W, Santiworakul C, Phuengmaung P, Siripen N, Rianthavorn P, Leelahavanichkul A. Extracellular traps in peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23177. [PMID: 39369134 PMCID: PMC11455886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the role of low-density granulocytes (LDGs), neutrophils in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in assessing lupus disease severity is acknowledged, data specific to childhood-onset lupus remains scarce. This study analyzed 46 patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (82.6% females, mean age 14.5 ± 0.3 years), including 26 cases with normal complement levels and 20 with low complement levels, along with 20 healthy adult volunteers. Key parameters that distinguished healthy volunteers from lupus patients and differentiated between lupus patients with low and normal complement were serum interferon (IFN)-α, serum citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3), and extracellular traps (ETs) in LDGs. However, NETs (assessed by nuclear staining morphology), LDG abundance, and other parameters (such as endotoxemia, cytokines, and double-stranded (ds) DNA) did not show such differentiation. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to LDGs in the PBMC fraction, it induced ETs in both low and normal complement groups, indicating the inducible nature of ETs. In adult healthy volunteers, activation by recombinant IFN-α or dsDNA in isolated neutrophils induced LDGs and NETs (identified using immunofluorescent staining for CitH3, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil elastase) at 45 min and 3 h post-stimulation, respectively. Additionally, approximately half of the LDGs underwent late apoptosis at 3 h post-stimulation, as determined by flow cytometry analysis. Activation by IFN-α or dsDNA in LDGs also led to a more pronounced expression of CD66b, an adhesion molecule, compared to regular-density neutrophils, suggesting higher activity in LDGs. In conclusion, IFN-α and/or dsDNA in serum may transform regular-density neutrophils into LDGs before progressing to NETosis and apoptosis, potentially exacerbating lupus severity through cell death-induced self-antigens. Therefore, LDGs and ETs in LDGs could provide deeper insights into the pathophysiology of childhood-onset lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilasinee Saisorn
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 King Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanunya Santiworakul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 King Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuanpan Siripen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Rianthavorn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 King Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Jayaraman A, Walachowski S, Bosmann M. The complement system: A key player in the host response to infections. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350814. [PMID: 39188171 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Infections are one of the most significant healthcare and economic burdens across the world as underscored by the recent coronavirus pandemic. Moreover, with the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand host-pathogen interactions to design effective treatment strategies. The complement system is a key arsenal of the host defense response to pathogens and bridges both innate and adaptive immunity. However, in the contest between pathogens and host defense mechanisms, the host is not always victorious. Pathogens have evolved several approaches, including co-opting the host complement regulators to evade complement-mediated killing. Furthermore, deficiencies in the complement proteins, both genetic and therapeutic, can lead to an inefficient complement-mediated pathogen eradication, rendering the host more susceptible to certain infections. On the other hand, overwhelming infection can provoke fulminant complement activation with uncontrolled inflammation and potentially fatal tissue and organ damage. This review presents an overview of critical aspects of the complement-pathogen interactions during infection and discusses perspectives on designing therapies to mitigate complement dysfunction and limit tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jayaraman
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Walachowski
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Liu H, Jiang M, Chen Z, Li C, Yin X, Zhang X, Wu M. The Role of the Complement System in Synaptic Pruning after Stroke. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0373. [PMID: 39012667 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a serious disease that can lead to local neurological dysfunction and cause great harm to the patient's health due to blood cerebral circulation disorder. Synaptic pruning is critical for the normal development of the human brain, which makes the synaptic circuit completer and more efficient by removing redundant synapses. The complement system is considered a key player in synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative disease. After stroke, the complement system is over-activated, and complement proteins can be labeled on synapses. Microglia and astrocytes can recognize and engulf synapses through corresponding complement receptors. Complement-mediated excessive synaptic pruning can cause post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and secondary brain damage. This review summarizes the latest progress of complement-mediated synaptic pruning after stroke and the potential mechanisms. Targeting complement-mediated synaptic pruning may be essential for exploring therapeutic strategies for secondary brain injury (SBI) and neurological dysfunction after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
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Burg N, Malpass R, Alex L, Tran M, Englebrecht E, Kuo A, Pannelini T, Minett M, Athukorala K, Worgall T, Faust HJ, Goodman S, Mehta B, Brenner M, Vestweber D, Wei K, Blobel C, Hla T, Salmon JE. Endothelial cell sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 restrains VE-cadherin cleavage and attenuates experimental inflammatory arthritis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171467. [PMID: 38855867 PMCID: PMC11382883 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory mediators extravasate from blood into joints via gaps between endothelial cells (ECs), but the contribution of ECs is not known. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), widely expressed on ECs, maintains the vascular barrier. Here, we assessed the contribution of vascular integrity and EC S1PR1 signaling to joint damage in mice exposed to serum-induced arthritis (SIA). EC-specific deletion of S1PR1 or pharmacological blockade of S1PR1 promoted vascular leak and amplified SIA, whereas overexpression of EC S1PR1 or treatment with an S1PR1 agonist delayed SIA. Blockade of EC S1PR1 induced membrane metalloproteinase-dependent cleavage of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), a principal adhesion molecule that maintains EC junctional integrity. We identified a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) as the principal VE-cadherin "sheddase." Mice expressing a stabilized VE-cadherin construct had decreased extravascular VE-cadherin and vascular leakage in response to S1PR1 blockade, and they were protected from SIA. Importantly, patients with active rheumatoid arthritis had decreased circulating S1P and microvascular expression of S1PR1, suggesting a dysregulated S1P/S1PR1 axis favoring vascular permeability and vulnerability. We present a model in which EC S1PR1 signaling maintains homeostatic vascular barrier function by limiting VE-cadherin shedding mediated by ADAM10 and suggest this signaling axis as a therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Burg
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Malpass
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda Alex
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miles Tran
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Englebrecht
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tilla Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heather J Faust
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bella Mehta
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl Blobel
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Uriarte SM, Hajishengallis G. Neutrophils in the periodontium: Interactions with pathogens and roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:93-110. [PMID: 36271881 PMCID: PMC10049968 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are of key importance in periodontal health and disease. In their absence or when they are functionally defective, as occurs in certain congenital disorders, affected individuals develop severe forms of periodontitis in early age. These observations imply that the presence of immune-competent neutrophils is essential to homeostasis. However, the presence of supernumerary or hyper-responsive neutrophils, either because of systemic priming or innate immune training, leads to imbalanced host-microbe interactions in the periodontium that culminate in dysbiosis and inflammatory tissue breakdown. These disease-provoking imbalanced interactions are further exacerbated by periodontal pathogens capable of subverting neutrophil responses to their microbial community's benefit and the host's detriment. This review attempts a synthesis of these findings for an integrated view of the neutrophils' ambivalent role in periodontal disease and, moreover, discusses how some of these concepts underpin the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Linde IL, Prestwood TR, Qiu J, Pilarowski G, Linde MH, Zhang X, Shen L, Reticker-Flynn NE, Chiu DKC, Sheu LY, Van Deursen S, Tolentino LL, Song WC, Engleman EG. Neutrophil-activating therapy for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:356-372.e10. [PMID: 36706760 PMCID: PMC9968410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite their cytotoxic capacity, neutrophils are often co-opted by cancers to promote immunosuppression, tumor growth, and metastasis. Consequently, these cells have received little attention as potential cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models that neutrophils can be harnessed to induce eradication of tumors and reduce metastatic seeding through the combined actions of tumor necrosis factor, CD40 agonist, and tumor-binding antibody. The same combination activates human neutrophils in vitro, enabling their lysis of human tumor cells. Mechanistically, this therapy induces rapid mobilization and tumor infiltration of neutrophils along with complement activation in tumors. Complement component C5a activates neutrophils to produce leukotriene B4, which stimulates reactive oxygen species production via xanthine oxidase, resulting in oxidative damage and T cell-independent clearance of multiple tumor types. These data establish neutrophils as potent anti-tumor immune mediators and define an inflammatory pathway that can be harnessed to drive neutrophil-mediated eradication of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Genay Pilarowski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miles H Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Y Sheu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simon Van Deursen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lorna L Tolentino
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Wan Y, Holste KG, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Brain edema formation and therapy after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105948. [PMID: 36481437 PMCID: PMC10013956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for about 10% of all strokes in the United States of America causing a high degree of disability and mortality. There is initial (primary) brain injury due to the mechanical disruption caused by the hematoma. There is then secondary injury, triggered by the initial injury but also the release of various clot-derived factors (e.g., thrombin and hemoglobin). ICH alters brain fluid homeostasis. Apart from the initial hematoma mass, ICH causes blood-brain barrier disruption and parenchymal cell swelling, which result in brain edema and intracranial hypertension affecting patient prognosis. Reducing brain edema is a critical part of post-ICH care. However, there are limited effective treatment methods for reducing perihematomal cerebral edema and intracranial pressure in ICH. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying perihematomal brain edema formation, the effects of sex and age, as well as how edema is resolved. It examines progress in pharmacotherapy, particularly focusing on drugs which have been or are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Tang X, Li D, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Li A, Qi F, Liu J. Natural cell based biomimetic cellular transformers for targeted therapy of digestive system cancer. Theranostics 2022; 12:7080-7107. [PMID: 36276645 PMCID: PMC9576611 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the world. Although cancer treatment options are increasingly diversified, the mortality rate of malignant cancer of the digestive system remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to explore effective cancer treatment methods. Recently, biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems based on natural cells that organically integrate the low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, cancer targeting, and controllable, versatile functionality of smart nanocarrier design with natural cells have been expected to break through the bottleneck of tumor targeted therapy. In this review, we focus on the dynamic changes and complex cellular communications that occur in vivo in natural cells based vehicles. Recent studies on the development of advanced targeted drug delivery systems using the dynamic behaviors such as specific surface protein affinity, morphological changes, and phenotypic polarization of natural cells are summarized. In addition to drug delivery mediated by dynamic behavior, functional "delivery" based on the natural cell themselves is also involved. Aiming to make the best use of the functions of cells, providing clues for the development of advanced drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aixue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Fu Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai 201315, China
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Zheng Y, Fan L, Xia S, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Chen H, Zeng H, Fu X, Peng Y, Xu C, Yu K, Liu F, Cao S. Role of complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling in brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage and the effect of minocycline treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919444. [PMID: 36189326 PMCID: PMC9520460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimThe complement cascade is activated and may play an important pathophysiologic role in brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the exact mechanism of specific complement components has not been well studied. This study determined the role of complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling in brain injury after ICH in mice. The effect of minocycline on C1q/C3-CR3 signaling-induced brain damage was also examined.MethodsThere were three parts to the study. First, the natural time course of C1q and CR3 expression was determined within 7 days after ICH. Second, mice had an ICH with CR3 agonists, LA-1 or vehicle. Behavioral score, neuronal cell death, hematoma volume, and oxidative stress response were assessed at 7 days after ICH. Third, the effect of minocycline on C1q/C3-CR3 signaling and brain damage was examined.ResultsThere were increased numbers of C1q-positive and CR3-positive cells after ICH. Almost all perihematomal C1q-positive and CR3-positive cells were microglia/macrophages. CR3 agonist LA-1 aggravated neurological dysfunction, neuronal cell death, and oxidative stress response on day 7 after ICH, as well as enhancing the expression of the CD163/HO-1 pathway and accelerating hematoma resolution. Minocycline treatment exerted neuroprotective effects on brain injury following ICH, partly due to the inhibition of C1q/C3-CR3 signaling, and that could be reversed by LA-1.ConclusionsThe complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling is upregulated after ICH. The activation of C1q/C3-CR3 signaling by LA-1 aggravates brain injury following ICH. The neuroprotection of minocycline, at least partly, is involved with the repression of the C1q/C3-CR3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fuyi Liu
- *Correspondence: Fuyi Liu, ; Shenglong Cao,
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Activation of C3 and C5 May Be Involved in the Inflammatory Progression of PCM and GM. Inflammation 2022; 45:739-752. [PMID: 34997873 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) and granulomatous mastitis (GM) are the most common inflammatory diseases constituting nonbacterial mastitis (NBM). However, the pathogenesis of NBM remains unclear. In this study, risk factors for NBM were assessed, as well as the pathological features of PCM and GM. The levels of C3/C3a-C3aR and C5/C5a-C5aR1 of tissues were detected by IHC and WB. Exosomes were isolated from serum and identified by transmission electron microscopy. Then, C3 and C5 levels were detected in peripheral blood, and exosomes were assessed by flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy. Obesity and prolonged lactation were risk factors for NBM. The infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes around the dilated catheter in PCM and the formation of granulomatous structures in GM were the respective pathological features. C3/C3a-C3aR and C5/C5a-C5aR1 levels were elevated in PCM and GM tissue samples. There were no differences in peripheral blood levels of C3 and C5, while C3a and C5a were highly expressed in exosomes. These results suggest that the complement family is activated in PCM and GM, exosomes enrich C3a and C5a, and mediate the spread of inflammation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PCM and GM and identify therapeutic targets.
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Anaphylatoxins orchestrate Th17 response via interactions between CD16+ monocytes and pleural mesothelial cells in tuberculous pleural effusion. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009508. [PMID: 34237073 PMCID: PMC8291687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is activated in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), with increased levels of the anaphylatoxins stimulating pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) to secrete chemokines, which recruit nonclassical monocytes to the pleural cavity. The differentiation and recruitment of naive CD4+ T cells are induced by pleural cytokines and PMC-produced chemokines in TPE. However, it is unclear whether anaphylatoxins orchestrate CD4+ T cell response via interactions between PMCs and monocytes in TPE. In this study, CD16+ and CD16- monocytes isolated from TPE patients were cocultured with PMCs pretreated with anaphylatoxins. After removing the PMCs, the conditioned monocytes were cocultured with CD4+ T cells. The levels of the cytokines were measured in PMCs and monocyte subsets treated separately with anaphylatoxins. The costimulatory molecules were assessed in conditioned monocyte subsets. Furthermore, CD4+ T cell response was evaluated in different coculture systems. The results indicated that anaphylatoxins induced PMCs and CD16+ monocytes to secrete abundant cytokines capable of only inducing Th17 expansion, but Th1 was feeble. In addition, costimulatory molecules were more highly expressed in CD16+ than in CD16− monocytes isolated from TPE. The interactions between monocytes and PMCs enhanced the ability of PMCs and monocytes to produce cytokines and that of monocytes to express HLA-DR, CD40, CD80 and CD86, which synergistically induced Th17 expansion. In the above process, anaphylatoxins enhanced the interactions between monocytes and PMCs by increasing the level of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and upregulating the phenotype of CD40 and CD80 in CD16+ monocytes. Collectively, these data indicate that anaphylatoxins play a central role in orchestrating Th17 response mainly via interactions between CD16+ monocytes and PMCs in TPE. Tuberculous pleural effusion is characterized by intense chronic accumulations of fluid and lymphocyte cells and monocytes/macrophages in the pleural space. Complement mediators play important roles in providing protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our results demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induced the amplification of complement activation in TPE. Complement activation produces anaphylatoxins that induce PMCs and CD16+ monocytes to secrete abundant cytokines capable of only inducing Th17 expansion, but Th1 was feeble. In addition, costimulatory molecules were more highly expressed in CD16+ than in CD16− monocytes isolated from TPE. The interactions between monocytes and PMCs enhanced the ability of PMCs and monocytes to produce cytokines and that of monocytes to express HLA-DR, CD40, CD80 and CD86, which synergistically induced Th17 expansion. In the above process, anaphylatoxins enhanced the interactions between monocytes and PMCs by increasing the level of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and upregulating the phenotype of CD40 and CD80 in CD16+ monocytes. In summary, these data highlighted the importance of anaphylatoxins and the innate immune system in eliciting pathogenic T cell responses in TPE and suggested that monocytes, especially the CD16+ subset, might be an efficient target for controlling inflammation.
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De Sanctis JB, García AH, Moreno D, Hajduch M. Coronavirus infection: An immunologists' perspective. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13043. [PMID: 33783027 PMCID: PMC8250184 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus infections are frequent viral infections in several species. As soon as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) appeared in the early 2000s, most of the research focused on pulmonary disease. However, disorders in immune response and organ dysfunctions have been documented. Elderly individuals with comorbidities exhibit worse outcomes in all the coronavirus that cause SARS. Disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to severe inflammation and tissue injury, and effective immune response against the virus is still under analysis. ACE2 receptor expression and polymorphism, age, gender and immune genetics are factors that also play an essential role in patients' clinical features and immune responses and have been partially discussed. The present report aims to review the physiopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose new research topics to understand the complex mechanisms of viral infection and viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational MedicineFaculty of Medicine and DentistryPalacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
- Institute of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversidad Central de VenezuelaCaracasVenezuela
| | - Alexis Hipólito García
- Institute of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversidad Central de VenezuelaCaracasVenezuela
| | - Dolores Moreno
- Chair of General Pathology and PathophysiologyFaculty of MedicineCentral University of VenezuelaCaracasVenezuela
| | - Marián Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational MedicineFaculty of Medicine and DentistryPalacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
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The role of complement in brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage: A review. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113654. [PMID: 33617886 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant cause of death and disability and current treatment is limited to supportive measures to reduce brain edema and secondary hematoma expansion. Current evidence suggests that the complement cascade is activated early after hemorrhage and contributes to brain edema/injury in multiple ways. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent literature about the role of the complement cascade after ICH. Primary literature demonstrating complement mediated brain edema and neurologic injury through the membrane attack complex (MAC) as well as C3a and C5a are reviewed. Further, attenuation of brain edema and improved functional outcomes are demonstrated after inhibition of specific components of the complement cascade. Conversely, complement also plays a significant role in neurologic recovery after ICH and in other neurologic disorders. We conclude that the role of complement after ICH is complex. Understanding the role of complement after ICH is essential and may elucidate possible interventions to reduce brain edema and injury.
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High-mobility group box protein-1 induces acute pancreatitis through activation of neutrophil extracellular trap and subsequent production of IL-1β. Life Sci 2021; 286:119231. [PMID: 33600865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate acute pancreatitis (AP)-associated NET activation mediated by a novel inflammatory mediator (high-mobility group box protein-1 [HMGB1]) and proinflammatory cytokine responses. METHODS In this study, primary neutrophils, monocytes, and monocytic cell line Thp-1-derived macrophages were isolated and treated with HMGB1, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and ATP + ATP inhibitor. The effects of HMGB1, ATP, and deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) were then examined for their in vivo effects using a newly established AP mouse model. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of inflammasome and interleukin IL-1β in cells, blood, and pancreatic tissues were examined. Within-cell nuclear DNA signal, cell-free DNA concentration, and pancreatic tissue damage were investigated. Our study showed that HMGB1 triggers NET formation in neutrophils and promotes the activation of inflammasome complexes (the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3, and NLRP3; ASC; and caspase-1); therefore, the production of IL-1β is induced in human monocytes/macrophages. HMGB1 and NET cooperatively stimulate IL-1β processing in macrophages. Furthermore, the AP mouse model confirmed these HMGB1-mediated molecular mechanisms in vivo and indicated that HMGB1 is required for NET activation. CONCLUSIONS We found that NET inhibition reverses HMGB1-stimulated inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. HMGB1 thus leads to pancreatic injury through the activation of NET and subsequently induces IL-1β processing from neutrophils to pancreatic tissues. These findings demonstrate that HMGB1 and NET are new therapeutic targets for inflammation suppression in severe AP.
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16
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Modeling the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Dissemination in an Organotypic Culture of the Human Peritoneal Cavity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:75-94. [PMID: 34339031 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of ovarian cancer patients present clinically with wide-spread metastases throughout the peritoneal cavity, metastasizing to the mesothelium-lined peritoneum and visceral adipose depots within the abdomen. This unique metastatic tumor microenvironment is comprised of multiple cell types, including mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Modeling advancements, including complex 3D systems and organoids, coupled with 2D cocultures, in vivo mouse models, and ex vivo human tissue cultures have greatly enhanced our understanding of the tumor-stroma interactions that are required for successful metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. However, advanced multifaceted model systems that incorporate frequency and spatial distribution of all cell types present in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer are needed to enhance our knowledge of ovarian cancer biology in order to identify methods for preventing and treating metastatic disease. This review highlights the utility of recently developed modeling approaches, summarizes some of the resulting progress using these techniques, and suggests how these strategies may be implemented to elucidate signaling processes among cell types of the tumor microenvironment that promote ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Bashant KR, Aponte AM, Randazzo D, Rezvan Sangsari P, Wood AJ, Bibby JA, West EE, Vassallo A, Manna ZG, Playford MP, Jordan N, Hasni S, Gucek M, Kemper C, Conway Morris A, Morgan NY, Toepfner N, Guck J, Mehta NN, Chilvers ER, Summers C, Kaplan MJ. Proteomic, biomechanical and functional analyses define neutrophil heterogeneity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 80:209-218. [PMID: 32988843 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are a distinct subset of proinflammatory and vasculopathic neutrophils expanded in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neutrophil trafficking and immune function are intimately linked to cellular biophysical properties. This study used proteomic, biomechanical and functional analyses to further define neutrophil heterogeneity in the context of SLE. METHODS Proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses were performed in healthy control (HC) normal density neutrophils (NDNs), SLE NDNs and autologous SLE LDGs. The biophysical properties of these neutrophil subsets were analysed by real-time deformability cytometry and lattice light-sheet microscopy. A two-dimensional endothelial flow system and a three-dimensional microfluidic microvasculature mimetic (MMM) were used to decouple the contributions of cell surface mediators and biophysical properties to neutrophil trafficking, respectively. RESULTS Proteomic and phosphoproteomic differences were detected between HC and SLE neutrophils and between SLE NDNs and LDGs. Increased abundance of type 1 interferon-regulated proteins and differential phosphorylation of proteins associated with cytoskeletal organisation were identified in SLE LDGs relative to SLE NDNs. The cell surface of SLE LDGs was rougher than in SLE and HC NDNs, suggesting membrane perturbances. While SLE LDGs did not display increased binding to endothelial cells in the two-dimensional assay, they were increasingly retained/trapped in the narrow channels of the lung MMM. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of the neutrophil proteome and distinct changes in biophysical properties are observed alongside differences in neutrophil trafficking. SLE LDGs may be increasingly retained in microvasculature networks, which has important pathogenic implications in the context of lupus organ damage and small vessel vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bashant
- NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Angel M Aponte
- NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Davide Randazzo
- NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Alexander Jt Wood
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jack A Bibby
- NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin E West
- NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arlette Vassallo
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Zerai G Manna
- NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Natasha Jordan
- Rheumatology Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjan Gucek
- NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Nicole Y Morgan
- NIBIB, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole Toepfner
- Department of Pediatrics/Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biological Optomechanics Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Charlotte Summers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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18
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Bhakta SB, Moran JA, Mercer F. Neutrophil interactions with the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis: implications for immunity and pathogenesis. Open Biol 2020; 10:200192. [PMID: 32873151 PMCID: PMC7536067 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the third most common sexually transmitted infection in humans and is caused by the protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv). Pathogenic outcomes are more common in women and generally include mild vaginitis or cervicitis. However, more serious effects associated with trichomoniasis include adverse reproductive outcomes. Like other infectious agents, pathogenesis from Tv infection is predicted to be the result of both parasite and host factors. At the site of infection, neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells present and probably play key roles in both parasite clearance and inflammatory pathology. Here, we discuss the evidence that neutrophils home to the site of Tv infection, kill the parasite, and that in some circumstances, parasites possibly evade neutrophil-directed killing. In vitro, the parasite is killed by neutrophils using a novel antimicrobial mechanism called trogocytosis, which probably involves both innate and adaptive immunity. While mechanisms of evasion are mostly conjecture at present, the persistence of Tv infections in patients argues strongly for their existence. Additionally, many strains of Tv harbour microbial symbionts Mycoplasma hominis or Trichomonasvirus, which are both predicted to impact neutrophil responses against the parasite. Novel research tools, especially animal models, will help to reveal the true outcomes of many factors involved in neutrophil-Tv interactions during trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frances Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
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19
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Mollnes TE, Huber-Lang M. Complement in sepsis-when science meets clinics. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2621-2632. [PMID: 32621378 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by microorganisms represents a dreadful challenge for the immune system. The role of the complement system as major column of innate immunity has been extensively studied in various sepsis models, but its translational value remains in the dark. Complement activation products, such as C3a and C5a, and their corresponding receptors provide useful diagnostic tools and promising targets to improve organ function and outcome. However, a monotherapeutic complement intervention irrespective of the current immune function seems insufficient to reverse the complex sepsis mechanisms. Indeed, sepsis-induced disturbances of cross talking complement, coagulation, and fibrinolytic cascades lead to systemic 'thromboinflammation', ultimately followed by multiple-organ failure. We propose to reliably monitor the complement function in the patient and to re-establish the immune balance by patient-tailored combined therapies, such as complement and Toll-like receptor inhibition. Our working hypothesis aims at blocking the 'explosive' innate immune recognition systems early on before downstream mediators are released and the inflammatory response becomes irreversible, a strategy that we name 'upstream approach'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, Bodø, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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