Electro-magneto-hydrodynamic peristaltic pumping of couple stress biofluids through a complex wavy micro-channel

EDL Induced Electro-magnetized Modified Hybrid Nano-blood Circulation in an Endoscopic Fatty Charged Arterial Indented Tract

PURPOSE

The electrokinetic process for streaming fluids in magnetic environments is emerging due to its immense applications in medical and biochemical industrial domains. In this context, our proposed model seeks to inquire into the hemodynamic characteristics of electro-magnetized blood blended with trihybrid nanoparticles circulation induced by electro-osmotic forces in an endoscopic charged arterial annular indented tract. This steaming model also invokes the consequences of variable Lorentz attractive force, buoyancy force, heat source, viscous and Joule warming, arterial wall properties, and sliding phenomena for featuring more realistic problems in blood flows. Different shapes of suspended trihybrid nanoparticles, such as spheres, bricks, cylinders, and platelets, are included in the model formation. Electro-magnetized modified hybrid nano-blood is an electro-conductive solution comprising blood as base fluid and magnetized trihybrid nanoparticles (copper, gold, and alumina).

METHODS

Closed-form solution in terms of Bessel's functions is gotten for electro-osmotic potential due to the electric double layer (EDL). The homotopy perturbation methodology is implemented in order to track down the convergent series solutions of non-linear coupled flow equations being elicited. The physical attributes of distinct evolving parameters on the different dimensionless hemodynamic profiles and quantities of interest are elucidated evocatively via a sort of graphs and charts.

RESULTS

The ancillary outcomes proved that the Debye-Hückel parameter and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity have a dual impact on the ionized bloodstream. The bloodstream rapidity is alleviated/boosted for the assisting/opposing electroosmosis process. Cooling of ionized blood in the endoscopic arterial conduit is achieved with lower Hartmann numbers. Copper-gold-alumina/blood exhibits a superior heat transmission rate across the arterial wall than copper-gold-blood, copper-blood, and pure blood. Additionally, the contour topology for the bloodstream in the flow domain is briefly elaborated. The contour distribution is significantly amended due to the variant of the Debye-Hückel parameter.

CONCLUSION

The model's new findings may be invaluable in electro-magneto-endoscopic operation, electro-magneto-treatment for cancer, surgical process, etc.

Peristaltic pumping of Boron Nitride-Ethylene Glycol nanofluid through a complex wavy micro-channel under the effect of induced magnetic field and double diffusive

The main objective of this work is to present a comprehensive study that scrutinize the influence of DD convection and induced magnetic field on peristaltic pumping of Boron Nitride-Ethylene Glycol nanofluid flow through a vertical complex irregular microchannel. Experimental study showed that the nanofluid created by suspending Boron Nitride particles in a combination of Ethylene Glycol exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics. Further, the Carreau's fluid model provides accurate predictions about the rheological properties of BN-EG nanofluid. In order to imitate complicated peristaltic wave propagation conditions, sophisticated waveforms are forced at the walls. The essential properties of Brownian motion and thermophoresis phenomena are also included in simulating of heat equation as well as viscous dissipation. Mathematical simulation is performed by utilizing the lubrication approach. The resulting nonlinear coupled differential equation system is solved numerically using the built-in command (ND Solve function) in the Mathematica program. Numerical and pictorial evidence is used to illustrate the importance of various physiological features of flow quantities. The major findings demonstrated that the thermal resistance is observed to rise as the Soret and Dufour numbers increase, while the dissolvent concentration and nanoparticles volume fraction have the opposite effect.

Endoscopy applications for the second law analysis in hydromagnetic peristaltic nanomaterial rheology

In current study, analysis is presented for peristaltic motion of applied magnetic field and entropy generation within couple stress (Cu/H2O) nanofluid through an endoscope. An endoscope contains two coaxial cylindrical tubes in which the internal tube is nonflexible while the external tube has sinusoidal wave passing through the boundary. Influences of mixed convection along with applied magnetic field are encountered as well. Formulated governing model is fabricated introducing long wavelength and creeping Stokesian flow approximation which are then analyzed numerically by utilizing Adams Bashforth method. For a physical insight, results are demonstrated to examine the behaviors of flow profiles and entropy generation number for emerging flow parameters with the help of graphs, bar-charts and tables.

Ascendancy of electromagnetic force and Hall currents on blood flow carrying Cu-Au NPs in a non-uniform endoscopic annulus having wall slip

This article aims to outline the characteristics of the blood flow conveying copper (Cu) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) through a non-uniform endoscopic annulus with wall slip under the action of electromagnetic force and Hall currents. The flow of blood with the suspension of hybrid nanoparticles in the annulus is induced by the peristaltic pumping. The governing equations are modeled and then simplified with the postulate of lubrication theory. The resulting non-dimensional momentum equation after simplification is solved analytically by employing the He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM) with the computational software Mathematica program (version 11). The influential role of emerging physical parameters on the physiological features related to the blood flow is inferred graphically and physically. The analytical outcomes reveal that Hall parameter has a diminishing behavior on the blood flow while the inverse impact is endured for mounting Hartmann number. Electromagnetic field and Hall currents offer a superlative mode for regulating blood flow at the time of surgery. An increment in the volume fraction of nanoparticles causes a drop in the blood temperature profile. The trapping phenomenon is also explored with the help of contours. An expansion in Hartmann number reduces the size of entrapped bolus and ultimately vanishes when Hartmann number is very large. This prospective model may be applicable in electromagnetic micro-pumps, medical simulation devices, heart-lung machine (HLM), drug carrying and drug transport systems, cancer diagnosis, tumor selective photothermal therapy, etc.

Peristaltic activity for electro-kinetic complex driven cilia transportation through a non-uniform channel

MOTIVATIONS

Now-a-days in medical science, the transport study of biological fluids through non-uniform vessels are going to increase due to their close relation to the reality. Motivated through such type of complex transportation, the current study is presented of cilia hydro-dynamics of an aqueous electrolytic viscous fluid through a non-uniform channel under an applied axial electric field. Mathematical Formulations: Because of the complexity shape and nature of flow channel, we have used curvilinear coordinates in the derivation of continuity and momentum equationsin a fixed frame of reference. A linear transformation is used to renovate the flow system of equations from fixed (laboratory) to moving (wave) frame. For further simplification, the dimensionless variables are introduced to make the flow system of equations into the dimensionless form and at last convert these equations in term of stream function by using the mathematical terminologies of streamlines. The whole analysis is performed under (low Reynolds number) creeping phenomena and long wavelength approximation, respectively. Additionally, small ionic Peclet number and Debye-Huckel linearization are used to simplify the Nernst-Planck and Poisson-Boltzmann equations. The BVP4C technique is used to obtain the numerical solution for velocity distribution, pressure gradient, pressure rise and stream function through MATLAB.

MAIN OUTCOMES

The amplitude of velocity distribution is increased (decreased) at larger values of non-uniform parameter (cilia length). The non-uniform parameter played a vital role not only in the enhancement of circulation at the upper half of the channel but also the length of bolus increased. Results of straight channel are gained for larger value of the dimensionless radius of curvature parameter as well as cilia length.

A theoretical analysis of Biorheological fluid flowing through a complex wavy convergent channel under porosity and electro-magneto-hydrodynamics Effects

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Flow generated via peristaltic waves in naturally occurring physical phenomenon inside human body. Its combination with electric and magnetic forces makes it even more versatile in biomedical engineering applications. The results presented in this article are useful in designing artificial tubes, lab-on-a-chip devices for cell manipulation, drug design, flow amalgamation, micro-scale pumps and micro-bots which can be externally controlled by electric and magnetic sensors. Motivated by the aforesaid facts the current investigation is based on the transportation of a couple stress bio-fluid by peristalsis through a convergent channel under the postulates of creeping phenomena and long wavelength, respectively METHODS: A closed form solution is acquired for the axial velocity profile, volumetric flow rate and streamlines, respectively. The physical influence of involved parameters on the rheological characteristics are argued analytically with the help of Mathematica software 12.0.1 in detail. Additionally, the flow system is considered to take place under the both porosity and electro-magneto-hydrodynamics effects, respectively. The amplitude of axial velocity across one wavelength is strongly affected at the larger values of numerous embedded parameters: Darcy number, Hartmann number, Electro-osmotic velocity parameter and non-Newtonian (couple stress) parameter.

RESULTS

We have observed remarkable effects of embedded parameters on velocity distribution, flow rate and trapping phenomena under porous and electro-osmotic (combination of both magnetic and electric) effects. The circulation of boluses and number of streamlines are reduced/enhanced for larger Hartmann number/Darcy number due strong magnetic/porosity effects. This research study additionally tells us how to control the transportation phenomena of biological fluids by appropriate adjusting the porosity effects (the effects of porous media) and electro-osmotic influences. Moreover, in order to enhance the performance of a peristaltic pump at the micro-scale level, we have used complex peristaltic wave scenario in the boundary walls of the convergent micro-channel.

Bio-inspired propulsion of micro-swimmers within a passive cervix filled with couple stress mucus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The swimming mechanism of self-propelling organisms has been imitated by biomedical engineers to design the mechanical micro bots. The interaction of these swimmers with surrounding environment is another important aspect. The present swimming problem integrates Taylor sheet model with couple stress fluid model. The thin passage containing micro-swimmers and mucus is approximated as a rigid (passive) two-dimensional channel. The spermatozoa forms a pack quite similar as a complex wavy sheet.

METHODS

Swimming problem with couple stress cervical liquid (at low Reynolds number) leads to a linear sixth order differential equation. The boundary value problem (BVP) is solved analytically with two unknowns i.e. speed of complex wavy sheet and flow rate of couple stress mucus. After utilizing this solution into equilibrium conditions these unknowns can be computed via Newton-Raphson algorithm. Furthermore, the pairs of numerically calculated organism speed and flow rate are utilized in the expression of power dissipation.

RESULTS

This work describes that the speed of micro-swimmers can be enhanced by suitable rheology of the surrounding liquid. The usage of couple stress fluid as compared to Newtonian fluid enhances the energy dissipation and reduces the flow rate. On the other hand complex wavy surface also aids the organisms to swim faster.

Entropy Analysis of an MHD Synthetic Cilia Assisted Transport in a Microchannel Enclosure with Velocity and Thermal Slippage Effects

The magnitude of shear stress at the ciliated wall is considered as the measure of efficiency of cilia beatings as it describes the momentum transfer between the medium and the cilia. Under high shear rate, some non-Newtonian fluids behave as visco-inelastic fluids. We consider here a ciliated channel coated with Prandtl fluid, a visco-inelastic fluid, with Hartmann layer under momentum and thermal slip effects. The flow in the channel is produced due to beatings of cilia that obey an elliptic path of motion in the flow direction. An entropy analysis of the flow is also conducted in wave frame. After introducing lubrication approximations in the governing equation, the perturbation solutions are calculated. The data for pressure rise per metachronal wavelength and frictional force at the ciliated wall are obtained by numerical integration. The analysis reveals that the higher values of cilia length and velocity slip parameters support fluid flow near the channel wall surface. Fluid temperature is an increasing function of thermal slip but a decreasing function of cilia length and slip parameters. Entropy in the channel can be minimized with an increase in cilia length and slip effect at the boundary. The magnitude of the heat transfer coefficient decreases by taking the substantial slippage and tiny cilia in length at the microchannel wall.

Morphological Transformation between Flat and Tube Structures by Coordinated Motions of Soft Pneumatic Microactuators

Microactuators are the most distinctive and challenging microdevices among micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) relative to microsensors or electronic circuits. Soft and flexible microactuators have been achieved by introducing polymers as structural materials in addition to conventional materials. Expanding the application of MEMS to the biomedical field requires particular features, such as softness and small devices. It is important to address small and fragile biological objects while satisfying the demand for minimally invasive medicine. Both MEMS and biomedical applications require three-dimensional microstructures for higher-order functions. In general, microactuators are limited to simple motions such as bending. Our group has developed an openable artificial small intestinal tract system. An array of pneumatic balloon actuators (PBAs) transforms a flat structure into a tube structure representing the small intestine. Coordination of the bending motions of the PBAs enables the formation of a three-dimensional tube structure. Each PBA is 400 μm × 1800 μm × 100 μm. The diameter of the tube structure is 1 mm. Additional higher-order functions of the artificial small intestine, such as peristaltic motion, are currently of interest for us. This paper describes the morphological transformation of a soft microstructure and further potential possibilities of coordinated motions of soft microactuators.

Numerical Simulation and Mathematical Modeling of Electro-Osmotic Couette–Poiseuille Flow of MHD Power-Law Nanofluid with Entropy Generation

The basic motivation of this investigation is to develop an innovative mathematical model for electro-osmotic flow of Couette–Poiseuille nanofluids. The power-law model is treated as the base fluid suspended with nano-sized particles of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The uniform speed of the upper wall in the axial path generates flow, whereas the lower wall is kept fixed. An analytic solution for nonlinear flow dynamics is obtained. The ramifications of entropy generation, magnetic field, and a constant pressure gradient are appraised. Moreover, the physical features of most noteworthy substantial factors such as the electro-osmotic parameter, magnetic parameter, power law fluid parameter, skin friction, Nusselt number, Brinkman number, volume fraction, and concentration are adequately delineated through various graphs and tables. The convergence analysis of the obtained solutions has been discussed explicitly. Recurrence formulae in each case are also presented.

Computational study of unsteady couple stress magnetic nanofluid flow from a stretching sheet with Ohmic dissipation

To provide a deeper insight of the transport phenomena inherent to the manufacturing of magnetic nano-polymer materials, in the present work a mathematical model is developed for time-dependent hydromagnetic rheological nano-polymer boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet in the presence of a transverse static magnetic field. Joule heating (Ohmic dissipation) and viscous heating effects are included since these phenomena arise frequently in magnetic materials processing. Stokes’ couple stress model is deployed to simulate non-Newtonian microstructural characteristics. The Tiwari–Das nanoscale model is adopted which permits different nanoparticles to be simulated (in this article, both copper–water and aluminium oxide–water nanofluids are considered). Similarity transformations are utilized to convert the governing partial differential conservation equations into a system of coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations with appropriate wall and free stream boundary conditions. The shooting technique is used to solve the reduced non-linear coupled ordinary differential boundary value problem via MATLAB symbolic software. Validation with published results from the literature is included for the special cases of non-dissipative and Newtonian nanofluid flows. Fluid velocity and temperature profiles for both copper and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids are observed to be enhanced with greater non-Newtonian couple stress parameter and magnetic parameter, whereas the opposite trend is computed with greater values of unsteadiness parameter. The boundary layer flow is accelerated with increasing buoyancy parameter, elastic sheet stretching parameter and convection parameter. Temperatures are generally increased with greater couple stress rheological parameter and are consistently higher for the aluminium oxide nanoparticle case. Temperatures are also boosted with magnetic parameter and exhibit an overshoot near the wall when magnetic parameter exceeds unity (magnetic force exceeds viscous force). A decrease in temperatures is induced with increasing sheet stretching parameter. Increasing Eckert number elevates temperatures considerably. With greater nanoparticle volume fraction, both skin friction and Nusselt number are elevated, and copper nanoparticles achieve higher magnitudes than aluminium oxide.

The Sustainable Characteristic of Bio-Bi-Phase Flow of Peristaltic Transport of MHD Jeffrey Fluid in the Human Body

This study deals with the peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid with uniformly distributed identical rigid particles in a rectangular duct. The effects of a magnetohydrodynamics bio-bi-phase flow are taken into account. The governing equations for mass and momentum are simplified using the fact that wavelength is much greater than the amplitude and small Reynolds number. A closed-form solution for velocity is obtained by means of the eigenfunction expansion method whereby pressure rise is numerically calculated. The results are graphically presented to observe the effects of different physical parameters and the suitability of the method. The results for hydrodynamic, Newtonian fluid, and single-phase problems can be respectively obtained by taking the Hartmann number (M = 0), relaxation time (λ1=0), and volume fraction (C = 0) as special cases of this problem.

The impact of impinging TiO2 nanoparticles in Prandtl nanofluid along with endoscopic and variable magnetic field effects on peristaltic blood flow

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the variable magnetic field and endoscope effects on peristaltic blood flow of nanofluid containing TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through a porous annulus. The Prandtl fluid model is taken into account for the present flow. The mathematical modelling comprises the temperature, continuity, NP concentration, and equations of motion which are further simplified by taking a long peristaltic wave and creeping flow regime.

Design/methodology/approach

After using the long wavelength approximation, the obtained highly non-linear partial differential equations are solved using the homotopy perturbation scheme. The inclusion of the pertinent parameters is discussed mathematically and graphically for the pressure rise, friction forces, temperature profile, and concentration profile. The trapping phenomenon is also investigated with the help of contours.

Findings

Results show that the maximum velocity distribution exists near the centre of the annulus, whereas the average time flow boosts the velocity profile. It has also been shown that flow can pass readily without enormous pressure gradient imposed on the endoscope tube unlike the case of the slim section of the problem.

Practical implications

The nanofluids containing titanium NPs are increasingly utilised since such type of NPs is used by several manufacturers in sunscreen blockers and different types of endoscopy. In endoscopy, the variable magnetic field is used at the tip in order to detect or treat diseases. The NPs are used since they acquire specific thermal properties as compared with base fluids. The present study provides qualitative results showing the effect of inner tube of annulus on the fluid flow, the effect of variable magnetic field, and the change in the temperature profile on the flow field.

Originality/value

A new model is introduced that shows the utmost pressure that works against the positive peristaltic pump. It studies the blood flow that results in extremely non-linear partial differential equations that are solved by the homotopy perturbation method. The titanium NPs are being used in blocking the rays that penetrate the epidermis causing skin burns and short ultraviolet ageing rays that cause visible wrinkles, and thus are used in the manufacturing of sunscreens that are partially absorbed through the skin.

A pressure-driven gas-diffusion/permeation micropump for self-activated sample transport in an extreme micro-environment

The pressure-driven gas-diffusion/permeation micropump is highlighted for stable microdroplet/liquid delivery under extreme conditions,e.g.high temperature, and a three-dimensional, long-distance and complex-topology microchannel.