1
|
Zhu X, Li H, Cai L, Wu Y, Wang J, Xu S, Wang S, Wang H, Wang D, Chen J. ZnO nanoparticles encapsulated cellulose-lignin film for antibacterial and biodegradable food packaging. iScience 2024; 27:110008. [PMID: 38989453 PMCID: PMC11233912 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness caused by consuming foods contaminated by pathogens remains threating to the public health. Despite considerable efforts of using renewable source materials, it is highly demanding to fabricate food packaging with multiple properties including eco-friendliness, bactericidal effect and biocompatibility. Here, sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were used as functional filler and structure components, respectively, on the cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)-based films, which endows the produced membrane (CNF/SL-ZnO) the UV-light blocking, antioxidant, and antimicrobial characteristics. Due to the interconnected polymeric structure, the prepared CNF/SL-ZnO films possessed considerable mechanical properties, thermal stability, and good moisture barrier capability. Moreover, the tested samples exhibited an improved shelf life in food packaging. Furthermore, metagenome analysis revealed superior biodegradability of obtained films with negligible side effect on the soil microenvironment. Therefore, the biocompatible, degradable, and antibacterial CNF/SL-ZnO film holds enormous potential for sustainable uses including food packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- The Affiliated Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Chongqing 400060, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Henghui Li
- The Affiliated Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Chongqing 400060, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ling Cai
- The Affiliated Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Chongqing 400060, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yixian Wu
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Affiliated Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Chongqing 400060, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- The Affiliated Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Shoulin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jin Chen
- The Affiliated Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Chongqing 400060, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mobredi K, Miranda-Valdez IY, Mäkinen T, Koivisto J, Alava MJ. A simple approach to produce hydrophobic biobased coatings using methylcellulose and organosolv lignin. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5607-5615. [PMID: 38976302 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Substituting plastics with circular and sustainable alternatives has increasingly become a priority. Protective coatings, crucial components in numerous industries, are now in demand for biodegradable options to replace their plastic-based counterparts. Being one of nature's most abundant components, lignin remains underutilized, and this study focuses on investigating its potential for the production of biobased coatings. The method used here involved formulating coating suspensions by mixing methylcellulose and organosolv lignin powders and adding water to the mixture. Glass wafers were coated with the formulated suspensions using spin-coating. The morphology of the coated surfaces was assessed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the wettability of the surfaces was examined through water contact angle experiments, and a numerical model was introduced to predict the water contact angle evolution over time. The results revealed that the sample coated with a 2.5 wt% lignin suspension exhibited the highest initial contact angle (114°), with a decreasing trend as the lignin fraction increases. Moreover, coatings with 3.5 wt% lignin and above exhibited lower surface coverage due to lignin particle aggregation and surface defects. By approximating the water droplet on the surface as a spherical cap, the introduced numerical model successfully predicted the time-dependent evolution of the water contact angle by showing strong alignment with experimental results. Taken altogether, we have showcased here a method for modifying coating properties-in a practical sense from water-absorbent to splash-proof-using readily available forest-based materials. This advancement is paving the way for sustainable protective packaging, aiming to replace styrofoam in the electronics and food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Mobredi
- Complex Systems and Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15600, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Isaac Y Miranda-Valdez
- Complex Systems and Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15600, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tero Mäkinen
- Complex Systems and Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15600, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Juha Koivisto
- Complex Systems and Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15600, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mikko J Alava
- Complex Systems and Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15600, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hararak B, Wijaranakul P, Wanmolee W, Kraithong W, Keeratipinit K, Kaewket S, Winotapun C, Rungseesantivanon W. Self-Formation of Lignin Particles Through Melt-Extrusion for Active Biodegradable Food Packaging. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24346-24355. [PMID: 38882124 PMCID: PMC11171092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a method for the self-formation of lignin particles within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix during melt-extrusion, eliminating the need for separation and drying steps typically associated with submicro-size lignin particles. This method effectively mitigates the problem of agglomeration often associated with the drying step. Softwood kraft lignin, guaiacyl lignin (GL-lignin), was dissolved in low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and was introduced into a twin-screw extruder using a liquid feeder. Lignin particles within a particle size range of 200-500 nm were observed in the extrudate of the PLA/PEG/GL-lignin composites. PLA/PEG/GL-lignin composite films were produced through blown film extrusion. These composite films demonstrated superior ultraviolet (UV)-barrier and antioxidant properties compared to neat PLA films, with optical and mechanical characteristics comparable to those of neat PLA. Moreover, migration values of the composite films in various food simulants were below regulatory limits, suggesting their potential for food packaging applications. This self-formation process offers a promising approach for utilizing lignin for PLA applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongkot Hararak
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pawarisa Wijaranakul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwitoo Wanmolee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wasawat Kraithong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kawin Keeratipinit
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sanya Kaewket
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Charinee Winotapun
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wuttipong Rungseesantivanon
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sosa FB, Abranches DO, da Costa Lopes AM, da Costa MC, Coutinho JAP. Role of Deep Eutectic Solvent Precursors as Hydrotropes: Unveiling Synergism/Antagonism for Enhanced Kraft Lignin Dissolution. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:8930-8940. [PMID: 38872955 PMCID: PMC11168089 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lignin holds significant potential as a feedstock for generating valuable aromatic compounds, fuels, and functional materials. However, achieving this potential requires the development of effective dissolution methods. Previous works have demonstrated the remarkable capability of hydrotropes to enhance the aqueous solubility of lignin, an amphiphilic macromolecule. Notably, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have exhibited hydrotropic behavior, significantly increasing the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic solutes, making them attractive options for lignin dissolution. This study aimed at exploring the influence of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) on the performance of DESs as hydrotropes for lignin dissolution, while possible dissolution mechanisms in different water/DES compositions were discussed. The capacity of six alcohols (glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol) and cholinium chloride to enhance the solubility of Kraft lignin in aqueous media was investigated. A correlation between solubility enhancement and the alkyl chain length of the alcohol was observed. This was rationalized upon the competition between hydrotrope-hydrotrope and solute-hydrotrope aggregates with the latter being maximized for 1,4-butanediol. Interestingly, the hydrotropic effect of DESs on lignin solubility is well represented by the independent sum of the dissolving contributions from the corresponding HBAs and HBDs in the diluted region. Conversely, in the concentrated region, the solubility of lignin for a certain hydrotrope concentration was always found to be higher for the pure hydrotropes rather than their combined HBA/HBD counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe
H. B. Sosa
- CICECO, Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dinis O. Abranches
- CICECO, Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André M. da Costa Lopes
- CICECO, Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CECOLAB—Collaborative
Laboratory Towards Circular Economy, R. Nossa Senhora da Conceição, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Mariana C. da Costa
- School of
Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University of
Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO, Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu F, Sun D, Wang Z, Li M, Yin X, Li H, Xu L, Zhao J, Bao X. Highly Efficient Production of Cellulosic Ethanol from Poplar Using an Optimal C6/C5 Co-Fermentation Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1174. [PMID: 38930556 PMCID: PMC11205669 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulosic ethanol is the key technology to alleviate the pressure of energy supply and climate change. However, the ethanol production process, which is close to industrial production and has a high saccharification rate and ethanol yield, still needs to be developed. This study demonstrates the effective conversion of poplar wood waste into fuel-grade ethanol. By employing a two-step pretreatment using sodium chlorite (SC)-dilute sulfuric acid (DSA), the raw material achieved a sugar conversion rate exceeding 85% of the theoretical value. Under optimized conditions, brewing yeast co-utilizing C6/C5 enabled a yield of 35 g/L ethanol from 10% solid loading delignified poplar hydrolysate. We increased the solid loading to enhance the final ethanol concentration and optimized both the hydrolysis and fermentation stages. With 20% solid loading delignified poplar hydrolysate, the final ethanol concentration reached 60 g/L, a 71.4% increase from the 10% solid loading. Our work incorporates the pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation stages to establish a simple, crude poplar waste fuel ethanol process, expanding the range of feedstocks for second-generation fuel ethanol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Letourneau DR, Marzullo BP, Alexandridou A, Barrow MP, O'Connor PB, Volmer DA. Characterizing lignins from various sources and treatment processes after optimized sample preparation techniques and analysis via ESI-HRMS and custom mass defect software tools. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6663-6675. [PMID: 37714972 PMCID: PMC10598097 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation of complex, natural mixtures such as lignin prior to mass spectrometry analysis, however minimal, is a critical step in ensuring accurate and interference-free results. Modern shotgun-MS techniques, where samples are directly injected into a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) with no prior separation, usually still require basic sample pretreatment such as filtration and appropriate solvents for full dissolution and compatibility with atmospheric pressure ionization interfaces. In this study, sample preparation protocols have been established for a unique sample set consisting of a wide variety of degraded lignin samples from numerous sources and treatment processes. The samples were analyzed via electrospray (ESI)-HRMS in negative and positive ionization modes. The resulting information-rich HRMS datasets were then transformed into the mass defect space with custom R scripts as well as the open-source Constellation software as an effective way to visualize changes between the samples due to the sample preparation and ionization conditions as well as a starting point for comprehensive characterization of these varied sample sets. Optimized conditions for the four investigated lignins are proposed for ESI-HRMS analysis for the first time, giving an excellent starting point for future studies seeking to better characterize and understand these complex mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dane R Letourneau
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bryan P Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alshammari S, Ameli A. Polylactic acid biocomposites with high loadings of melt-flowable organosolv lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125094. [PMID: 37245743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) was blended with a new type of organosolv lignin, called Bioleum (BL) using a melt extrusion method to obtain biocomposites with BL loadings as high as 40 wt%. Two plasticizers, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG) and triethyl citrate (TEC) were also introduced to the material system. Gel permeation chromatography, rheological analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing were performed to characterize the biocomposites. The results revealed that BL exhibits a melt-flowable characteristic. The biocomposites' tensile strength was found to be higher than most of the previously reported cases. Overall, the BL domain size increased as the BL content was increased, causing a drop in the strength and ductility. Even though the addition of both PEG and TEC improved the ductility, PEG proved to significantly outperform TEC. With the introduction of 5 wt% PEG, the elongation at break of PLA_BL20 was increased >9 times, even exceeding that of the neat PLA by several folds. Consequently, PLA_BL20_PEG5 produced a toughness that is twice as the of the neat PLA. The findings suggest a great promise of BL to develop scalable and melt processable composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shallal Alshammari
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Amir Ameli
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Ren H, Li B, Udin SM, Maarof H, Zhou W, Cheng F, Yang J, Liu Y, Alias H, Duan E. Mechanistic insights into the lignin dissolution behavior in amino acid based deep eutectic solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124829. [PMID: 37210053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed by amino acids (L-arginine, L-proline, L-alanine) as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and carboxylic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) were prepared and used for the dissolution of dealkaline lignin (DAL). The mechanism of lignin dissolution in DESs was explored at molecular level by combining the analysis of Kamlet-Taft (K-T) solvatochromic parameters, FTIR spectrum and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of DESs. Firstly, it was found that the formation of new hydrogen bonds between lignin and DESs mainly drove the dissolution of lignin, which were accompanied by the erosion of hydrogen bond networks in both lignin and DESs. The nature of hydrogen bond network within DESs was fundamentally determined by the type and number of functional groups in both HBA and HBD, which affected its ability to form hydrogen bond with lignin. One hydroxyl group and carboxyl group in HBDs provided active protons, which facilitated proton-catalyzed cleavage of β-O-4, thus enhancing the dissolution of DESs. The superfluous functional group resulted in more extensive and stronger hydrogen bond network in the DESs, thus decreasing the lignin dissolving ability. Moreover, it was found that lignin solubility had a closed positive correlation with the subtraction value of α and β (net hydrogen donating ability) of DESs. Among all the investigated DESs, L-alanine/formic acid (1:3) with the strong hydrogen-bond donating ability (acidity), weak hydrogen-bond accepting ability (basicity) and small steric-hindrance effect showed the best lignin dissolving ability (23.99 wt%, 60 °C). On top of that, the value of α and β of L-proline/carboxylic acids DESs showed some positive correlation with the global electrostatic potential (ESP) maxima and minima of the corresponding DESs respectively, indicating the analysis of ESP quantitative distributions of DESs could be an effective tool for DESs screening and design for lignin dissolution as well as other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Baochai Li
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Applied Chemistry, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei 0530002, China
| | - Syarah Mat Udin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasmerya Maarof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Zhou
- The State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Fengfei Cheng
- Hebei Pollutant Emission Rights Trading Service Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050026, China
| | - Jiaoruo Yang
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Yize Liu
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Hajar Alias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Erhong Duan
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodríguez-Fernández JE, Rojo M, Avilés-Moreno JR, Ocón P. Clean H 2 Production by Lignin-Assisted Electrolysis in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Flow Reactor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093525. [PMID: 37176407 PMCID: PMC10180452 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived products, such as lignin, are interesting resources for energetic purposes. Lignin is a natural polymer that, when added to the anode of an alkaline exchange membrane water electrolyser, enhances H2 production rates and efficiencies due to the substitution of the oxygen evolution reaction. Higher efficiencies are reported when different catalytic materials are employed for constructing the lignin anolyte, demonstrating that lower catalytic loadings for the anode improves the H2 production when compared to higher loadings. Furthermore, when a potential of -1.8 V is applied, higher gains are obtained than when -2.3 V is applied. An increase of 200% of H2 flow rates with respect to water electrolysis is reported when commercial lignin is used coupled with Pt-Ru at 0.09 mg cm-2 and E = -1.8 V is applied at the cathode. This article provides deep information about the oxidation process, as well as an optimisation of the method of the lignin electro-oxidation in a flow-reactor as a pre-step for an industrial implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José-Enrique Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rojo
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ocón
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hararak B, Wanmolee W, Wijaranakul P, Prakymoramas N, Winotapun C, Kraithong W, Nakason K. Physicochemical properties of lignin nanoparticles from softwood and their potential application in sustainable pre-harvest bagging as transparent UV-shielding films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:575-588. [PMID: 36592857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Technical lignin can be mainly obtained as a waste by-product from pulp industry, and it exhibits unique properties including ultraviolet adsorption, biodegradable, antibacterial, and antioxidant which can be utilized for bioplastic applications. However, common limitations of technical lignin for plastic applications are compatibility mainly due to poor interfacial adhesion, relatively large particle size and impurity. In this study lignin nanoparticles from softwood (S-LNPs) were successfully produced through a continuous-green-scalable antisolvent precipitation and the suitability of S-LNPs for fabrication of bio-composite polybutylene succinate (PBS) films using conventional blown film extrusion was examined. The attained S-LNPs showed lower ash content, higher phenolic content and higher lignin content compared to pristine softwood kraft lignin (S-lignin). Rheological property including shear viscosity and melt-flow index was determined. The obtained PBS/S-LNP composite films showed improved tensile modulus, higher water vapor transmission rate and excellent UV-shielding ability compared to neat PBS and PBS/S-lignin films. Accelerated weathering testing was conducted to replicate outdoor conditions. Degradation indices including carbonyl, vinyl and hydroxyl of the weathered PBS/lignin composites were evaluated for photo-oxidative stability. The S-LNPs as multifunctional bio-additives in biodegradable composite film exhibited superior performances of transparency, UV-absorption and stiffness with high photo-oxidative stability suitable for outdoor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongkot Hararak
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wanwitoo Wanmolee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pawarisa Wijaranakul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Natcha Prakymoramas
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Charinee Winotapun
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wasawat Kraithong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kamonwat Nakason
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paulsen Thoresen P, Lange H, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Role and importance of solvents for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128447. [PMID: 36496118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most important renewable materials to replace carbon-based fossil resources. Solvent-based fractionation is a promising route for fractionation of biomass into its major components. Processing is governed by the employed solvent-systems properties. This review sheds light on the factors governing both dissolution and potential reactivities of the chemical structures present in lignocellulose, highlighting how proper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interactions between solute and solvent help to choose proper systems for specific fractionation needs. Structural and chemical differences between the carbohydrate-based structural polymers and lignin require very different solvents capabilities in terms of causing and eventually stabilizing conformational changes and consequent activation of bonds to be cleaved by other active components in the. A consideration of potential depolymerization events during dissolution and energetic aspects of the dissolution process considering the contribution of polymer functionalities allow for a mapping of solvent suitability for biomass fractionation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lange
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Effect of Water Content on Lignin Solubilization in Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Yuan H, Cai S, He H, Yang P, Hu A, Zhang W, Wang D. Fractionation, molecular composition, and biological effects of organic matter in bio-stabilization sludge with implication to land utilization. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107601. [PMID: 36332493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive organic compounds (BOCs) contained in bio-stabilized products of waste activated sludge (WAS) have attracted considerable attention, as they can enhance the fertilizing effect of WAS in land applications. This study investigated the molecular composition and plant-growth-promoting mechanisms of various BOCs in the bio-stabilized products of WAS. After stepwise fractionation, aerobic composting sludge (ACS) and anaerobic digestion sludge (ADS) were chemically fractioned into five subcomponents, namely dissolved organic matter (DOM) (C1), weakly interacted organic matter (OM) (C2), metal-bonded OM (C3), NaOH-extracted OM (C4), and strongly interacted OM (C5), in sequence. The results showed that fatty acids and carboxylic acid (CAs) present in ACS C2 promoted plant growth and enhanced the ability of plants against stresses by upregulating pathways related to "carbohydrate metabolism," "lipid metabolism," "amino acid metabolism," and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis." However, in ACS C4, plenty of amino acids could promote plant growth via upregulating "carbohydrate metabolism" and "amino acid metabolism" pathways. As an important precursor, aromatic amino acids inside ACS C4 also stimulated the production of indoleacetic acids. In ADS C1, amino sugar and phytohormone were the major BOCs causing the up-regulation of "carbohydrate metabolism" and AAA catabolism in "amino acid metabolism" pathways. CAs enriched in ADS C2 stimulated plant growth through "amino acid metabolism" pathway. In summary, alkali extraction can recycle a large proportion of BOCs with low environmental risk from the bio-stabilization products of WAS. The results from this study provide scientific guidance for safe and value-added resource utilization of bio-stabilization products of WAS in land applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Siying Cai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu Z, Peng K, Zhang Y, Wang M, Yong C, Chen L, Qu P, Huang H, Sun E, Pan M. Lignocellulose dissociation with biological pretreatment towards the biochemical platform: A review. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100445. [PMID: 36212906 PMCID: PMC9535326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose utilization has been gaining great attention worldwide due to its abundance, accessibility, renewability and recyclability. Destruction and dissociation of the cross-linked, hierarchical structure within cellulose hemicellulose and lignin is the key procedure during chemical utilization of lignocellulose. Of the pretreatments, biological treatment, which can effectively target the complex structures, is attractive due to its mild reaction conditions and environmentally friendly characteristics. Herein, we report a comprehensive review of the current biological pretreatments for lignocellulose dissociation and their corresponding degradation mechanisms. Firstly, we analyze the layered, hierarchical structure of cell wall, and the cross-linked network between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, then highlight that the cracking of β-aryl ether is considered the key to lignin degradation because of its dominant position. Secondly, we explore the effect of biological pretreatments, such as fungi, bacteria, microbial consortium, and enzymes, on substrate structure and degradation efficiency. Additionally, combining biological pretreatment with other methods (chemical methods and catalytic materials) may reduce the time necessary for the whole process, which also help to strengthen the lignocellulose dissociation efficiency. Thirdly, we summarize the related applications of lignocellulose, such as fuel production, chemicals platform, and bio-pulping, which could effectively alleviate the energy pressure through bioconversion into high value-added products. Based on reviewing of current progress of lignocellulose pretreatment, the challenges and future prospects are emphasized. Genetic engineering and other technologies to modify strains or enzymes for improved biotransformation efficiency will be the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengyou Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kun Peng
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cheng Yong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongying Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Enhui Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali DA, Mehanna MM. Role of lignin-based nanoparticles in anticancer drug delivery and bioimaging: An up-to-date review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:934-953. [PMID: 36089088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, an aromatic biopolymer, is the second most abundant naturally occurring one after cellulose that has drawn a great deal of interest over the years for its potential uses owing to the presence of high content of phenolic compounds, ecofriendly feature and cost-efficiency in comparison to the synthetic polymers. Nevertheless, with the intention of advancing its development, several efforts have been performed in the direction of utilizing lignin on the nanoscale due to its inimitable properties. The notable absorption capacity, fluorescence emission, biodegradability and non-toxicity of lignin nanoparticles permit its appropriateness as a vehicle for drugs and as a bioimaging material. Moreover, lignin nanoparticles have shown plausible therapeutic effects, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. The current review sheds light on the recent development in the formulation and anticancer applications of lignin nanoparticles as a drug carrier and as a diagnostic tool. The surface properties of the nanomaterial affect the end product characteristics, hence, factors namely; lignin source, isolation technique, purification and quantitation methods, are discussed in this review. This study represents original work that has not been published elsewhere and that has not been submitted simultaneously for publication elsewhere. The manuscript has been read, revised, and approved by the authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Ali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed M Mehanna
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang J, Zhang B, Shujaa Aldeen A, Mwenya S, Cheng H, Xu Z, Zhang H. Enhancing production of hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil from biomass via catalytic fast pyrolysis coupled with advanced oxidation process pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127450. [PMID: 35697262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to propose a method for upgrading biomass pyrolysis products based on the combination of sodium persulfate pretreatment and fast catalytic pyrolysis. Combined with the analysis of components and thermogravimetric analysis, the result showed that after pretreatment the biomass structure was gradually depolymerized, the contents of lignin, the reaction of activation energy and the crystallinity of cellulose decreased. Due to the destructive effect of persulfate radicals, in fast pyrolysis, the relative contents of acids and oxygen-containing substances decreased, and the relative content of phenols can significantly increase to 19.20%. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons and total hydrocarbons had a high value under the catalytic pyrolysis in the best performance which amount of yield reached 28.66% and 33.72%, respectively. Sodium persulfate pretreatment was beneficial in the production of hydrocarbon-rich bio-oils and high-value chemicals since the radicals can effectively depolymerize lignin which promoted the process of pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Awsan Shujaa Aldeen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Stephen Mwenya
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Haoqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Z, Valenzuela C, Wu J, Chen Y, Wang L, Feng W. Bioinspired Freeze-Tolerant Soft Materials: Design, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201597. [PMID: 35971186 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many biological organisms have developed the exceptional antifreezing ability to survive in extremely cold environments. Inspired by the freeze resistance of these organisms, researchers have devoted extensive efforts to develop advanced freeze-tolerant soft materials and explore their potential applications in diverse areas such as electronic skin, soft robotics, flexible energy, and biological science. Herein, a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement of freeze-tolerant soft materials and their emerging applications from the perspective of bioinspiration and advanced material engineering is provided. First, the mechanisms underlying the freeze tolerance of cold-enduring biological organisms are introduced. Then, engineering strategies for developing antifreezing soft materials are summarized. Thereafter, recent advances in freeze-tolerant soft materials for different technological applications such as smart sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage, and cryogenic medical applications are presented. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for the rapid development of bioinspired freeze-tolerant soft materials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rani BSJ, Venkatachalam S. Cleaner approach for the cascade production of nanocellulose, nanohemicellulose and nanolignin from Prosopis juliflora. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
One-Step Lignin Refining Process: The Influence of the Solvent Nature on the Properties and Quality of Fractions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122363. [PMID: 35745939 PMCID: PMC9227930 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of kraft lignin is one of the main limitations for the development of high-performance applications. Therefore, refining lignin using organic solvents is a promising strategy to obtain homogenous fractions with controlled quality in terms of structure and properties. In this work, one-step refining processes for hardwood kraft lignin using nine organic solvents of different chemical nature and polarity were carried out with the aim of investigating and understanding the effect of the type of organic solvent on the quality of resulting fractions. Structural features of both soluble and insoluble lignin fractions were assessed by GPC, Py-GC-MS, and FTIR linked to PCA analysis. Moreover, functional properties such as physical appearance, hygroscopicity, antioxidant capacity, and thermal properties were evaluated. The results evidenced the relationship between the nature and polarity of the solvents and the properties of the obtained soluble and insoluble fractions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma Y, Zheng H, Zheng L, Wei L, Cai T, Zheng F. Rheological Characterization of Mixed Aqueous Solutions of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin and Ionic Liquid. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchong Ma
- National Supercritical Fluid Dyeing Technology Research Center Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 China
| | - Huanda Zheng
- National Supercritical Fluid Dyeing Technology Research Center Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 China
| | - Laijiu Zheng
- National Supercritical Fluid Dyeing Technology Research Center Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 China
| | - Ligang Wei
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 China
| | - Tao Cai
- Shishi CTES Research Institute of Apparel and Accessories Industry Shishi 362700 China
| | - Fuer Zheng
- Shishi CTES Research Institute of Apparel and Accessories Industry Shishi 362700 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wood-Based Cellulose-Rich Ultrafiltration Membranes: Alkaline Coagulation Bath Introduction and Investigation of Its Effect over Membranes’ Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060581. [PMID: 35736287 PMCID: PMC9229157 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, wood-based cellulose-rich membranes were produced with a novel approach to casting procedure. Flat-sheet membranes were prepared from birch biomass pretreated with deep eutectic solvent and dissolved in ionic liquid-dimethylsulfoxide system via phase inversion method. Alkaline coagulation bath filled with sodium hydroxide solution was added to the process before a water coagulation bath and aimed to improve membranes’ performance. The effect of NaOH coagulation bath on the membrane was studied based on two NaOH concentrations and two different treatment times. The characterisation methods included measuring pure water permeabilities, polyethylene glycol 35 kDa model solution retentions, hydrophilicity, zeta potential, and chemical structure. Additionally, suitability of the membranes for removing residual phosphorous from a municipal wastewater treatment plant’s effluent was studied. The study revealed that introduction of the alkaline coagulation bath led to additional removal of lignin from membrane matrix and increase in the filtration capacity up to eight times. The resulting membranes can be characterised as very hydrophilic, with contact angle values 11.9–18.2°, negatively charged over a wide pH range. The membranes with the highest permeability, 380–450 L/m2·h·bar, showed approximately 70% phosphorus removal from purified wastewater, good removal of suspended solids, and low irreversible fouling tendency.
Collapse
|
22
|
Insight into the dual effect of water on lignin dissolution in ionic liquids. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:178-184. [PMID: 35182559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dual regulation of water on lignin in ionic liquids was studied at the molecular level by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that a small amount of water will destroy the ion association in ionic liquids, that is, it will produce more free anions and cations. The free ions around lignin are conducive to the dissolution of lignin. On the contrary, excess water will seriously solvate anions and cations. By changing the number of lignin clusters, it is more intuitive to observe that the dissolution of lignin in ILs containing a small amount of water is stronger than that in pure IL, however, the dissolution ability of lignin is reduced after adding a large amount of water in ILs. It is concluded that with the increase of water content, water changes from co-solvent to anti-solvent in the dissolution process. This study provides ideas for the design of IL-water system for economic pretreatment of biomass.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin H, Shi H, Jia W, Sun Y, Sheng X, Guo Y, Li H, Sun H. Green solvents-based molecular weight controllable fractionation process for industrial alkali lignin at room temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:531-540. [PMID: 35296437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight is one of the most important factors influencing the utilization of industrial lignin obtained from chemical pulping process. In this paper, a facile operative green solvent system was successfully developed for molecular weight-controllable fractionation of industrial alkali lignin (IAL) at room temperature. The results showed that through adjusting the ratio of water, ethanol and γ-Valerolactone (GVL), the industrial lignin was fractionated into six levels with molecular weight stepwise controllable from low to high. The fractionation is a physical process according to FTIR and 2D-HSQC NMR analysis, and the chemical structure of lignin has not changed. Additionally, the polydispersity of fractionated lignin with higher molecular weight tends to be narrower. The content of hydroxyl and carboxyl group is higher for the fractionated lignin with lower molecular weight, which would be beneficial for the chemical reactivity in the down-stream application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Haiqiang Shi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Wenchao Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanning Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xueru Sheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Haiming Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Haidong Sun
- Liaoning Zhenxing Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Panjin 124112, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Perez‐Arce J, Serrano A, Dauvergne J, Centeno‐Pedrazo A, Prieto‐Fernandez S, Palomo Del Barrio E, Garcia‐Suarez EJ. Sustainable lignin‐based polyols as promising thermal energy storage materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Perez‐Arce
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sustainable Chemistry Platform Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Angel Serrano
- Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Jean‐Luc Dauvergne
- Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Ander Centeno‐Pedrazo
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sustainable Chemistry Platform Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Soraya Prieto‐Fernandez
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sustainable Chemistry Platform Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Elena Palomo Del Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | - Eduardo J. Garcia‐Suarez
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sustainable Chemistry Platform Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mayr SA, Subagia R, Weiss R, Schwaiger N, Weber HK, Leitner J, Ribitsch D, Nyanhongo GS, Guebitz GM. Oxidation of Various Kraft Lignins with a Bacterial Laccase Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313161. [PMID: 34884966 PMCID: PMC8658217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of kraft lignin (KL), traditionally uses harsh and energy-demanding physical and chemical processes. In this study, the potential of the bacterial laccase CotA (spore coating protein A) for oxidation of KL under mild conditions was assessed. Thereby, the efficiency of CotA to oxidize both softwood and hardwood KL of varying purity at alkaline conditions was examined. For the respective type of wood, the highest oxidation activity by CotA was determined for the medium ash content softwood KL (MA_S) and the medium ash content hardwood KL (MA_H), respectively. By an up to 95% decrease in fluorescence and up to 65% in phenol content coupling of the structural lignin units was indicated. These results correlated with an increase in viscosity and molecular weight, which increased nearly 2 and 20-fold for MA_H and about 1.3 and 6.0-fold for MA_S, respectively. Thus, this study confirms that the CotA laccase can oxidize a variety of KL at alkaline conditions, while the origin and purity of KL were found to have a major impact on the efficiency of oxidation. Under the herein tested conditions, it was observed that the MA_H KL showed the highest susceptibility to CotA oxidation when compared to the other hardwood KLs and the softwood KLs. Therefore, this could be a viable method to produce sustainable resins and adhesives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Mayr
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (S.A.M.); (D.R.); (G.S.N.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Raditya Subagia
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Renate Weiss
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (S.A.M.); (D.R.); (G.S.N.); (G.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-47654-97486
| | - Nikolaus Schwaiger
- Sappi Paper Holding GmbH, Brucker Strasse 21, 8101 Gratkorn, Austria; (N.S.); (H.K.W.)
| | - Hedda K. Weber
- Sappi Paper Holding GmbH, Brucker Strasse 21, 8101 Gratkorn, Austria; (N.S.); (H.K.W.)
| | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (S.A.M.); (D.R.); (G.S.N.); (G.M.G.)
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Gibson S. Nyanhongo
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (S.A.M.); (D.R.); (G.S.N.); (G.M.G.)
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (S.A.M.); (D.R.); (G.S.N.); (G.M.G.)
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lignin enhances cellulose dissolution in cold alkali. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118661. [PMID: 34702480 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are extensively used as solvents for lignin in kraft pulping. These are also appealing systems for cellulose dissolution due to their inexpensiveness, ease to recycle and low toxicity. Cellulose dissolution occurs in a narrow concentration region and at low temperatures. Dissolution is often incomplete but additives, such as zinc oxide or urea, have been found to significantly improve cellulose dissolution. In this work, lignin was explored as a possible beneficial additive for cellulose dissolution. Lignin was found to improve cellulose dissolution in cold alkali, extending the NaOH concentration range to lower values. The regenerated cellulose material from the NaOH-lignin solvents was found to have a lower crystallinity and crystallite size than the samples prepared in the neat NaOH and NaOH-urea solvents. Beneficial lignin-cellulose interactions in solution state appear to be preserved under coagulation and regeneration, reducing the tendency of crystallization of cellulose.
Collapse
|
27
|
Figueiredo P, Lahtinen MH, Agustin MB, de Carvalho DM, Hirvonen S, Penttilä PA, Mikkonen KS. Green Fabrication Approaches of Lignin Nanoparticles from Different Technical Lignins: A Comparison Study. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4718-4730. [PMID: 34398512 PMCID: PMC8596756 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) has emerged as a way to overcome the highly variable and complex molecular structure of lignin. It can offer morphological control of the lignin polymer, allowing the formation of stable LNP dispersions in aqueous media, while increasing the potential of lignin for high-value applications. However, the polydispersity and morphology of LNPs varies depending on the lignin grade and preparation method, and a systematic comparison using different technical lignins is lacking. In this study, it was attempted to find a green fabrication method with a distinct solvent fractionation of lignin to prepare LNPs using three different technical lignins as starting polymers: BLN birch lignin (hardwood, BB), alkali Protobind 1000 (grass, PB), and kraft LignoBoost (softwood, LB). For that, three anti-solvent precipitation approaches to prepare LNPs were systematically compared: 70 % aqueous ethanol, acetone/water (3 : 1) and NaOH as the lignin solvent, and water/aqueous HCl as the anti-solvent. Among all these methods, the acetone/water (3 : 1) approach allowed production of homogeneous and monodisperse LNPs with a negative surface charge and also spherical and smooth surfaces. Overall, the results revealed that the acetone/water (3 : 1) method was the most effective approach tested to obtain homogenous, small, and spherical LNPs from the three technical lignins. These LNPs exhibited an improved stability at different ionic strengths and a wider pH range compared to the other preparation methods, which can greatly increase their application in many fields, such as pharmaceutical and food sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Figueiredo
- Department of Food and NutritionFaculty of Agriculture and ForestryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 6600014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Maarit H. Lahtinen
- Department of Food and NutritionFaculty of Agriculture and ForestryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 6600014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Melissa B. Agustin
- Department of Food and NutritionFaculty of Agriculture and ForestryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 6600014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Danila Morais de Carvalho
- Department of Food and NutritionFaculty of Agriculture and ForestryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 6600014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Sami‐Pekka Hirvonen
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Paavo A. Penttilä
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP.O. Box 1630000076AaltoFinland
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department of Food and NutritionFaculty of Agriculture and ForestryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 6600014HelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS)University of HelsinkiP.O. Box 6500014HelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang W, Lee DJ. Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment by deep eutectic solvents on lignin extraction and saccharification enhancement: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125587. [PMID: 34303094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass recalcitrance hinders efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, making pretreatment process a crucial step for successful biorefinery process. Pretreatment processes have been developed for processing biomass, while technical obstacles including intensive energy requirement, high operational cost, equipment corrosions resulted from currently applied techniques promote the development of new pretreatment process for biomass. The deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been recognized as a promising solvent for biomass pretreatment, although the DES application toward biomass is still in its nascent stage. This review summarized the current researches using DES for biomass pretreatment, focusing particularly on lignin extraction and saccharification enhancement of lignocellulosic biomass. The mechanisms for biomass fractionation using DES as agents are introduced. Prospect and challenge were outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Chemistry Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fan D, Xie X, Li C, Liu X, Zhong J, Ouyang X, Liu Q, Qiu X. Extraction of Noncondensed Lignin from Poplar Sawdusts with p-Toluenesulfonic Acid and Ethanol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10838-10847. [PMID: 34515475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The traditional pretreatment leads to the recalcitration of C-C bonds during lignin fractionation, thus hindering their depolymerization into aromatic monomers. It is essential to develop an applicable approach to extract noncondensed lignin for its high-value applications. In this work, noncondensed lignins were extracted from poplar sawdust using recyclable p-toluenesulfonic acid for cleaving lignin-carbohydrate complex bonds effectively and ethanol as a stabilization reagent to inhibit lignin condensation. Lignin yield of 83.74% was recovered by 3 mol/L acid in ethanol at 85 °C for 5 h, and carbohydrates were well preserved (retaining 98.97% cellulose and 50.01% hemicelluloses). During lignin fractionation, the acid concentration and extraction time were the major drivers of condensation. Ethanol reacted with lignin at the α-position to prevent the formation of the condensed structure. The extracted lignin depolymerized over the Pd/C catalysts gave a yield of 50.35% of aromatic monomers, suggesting that the novel extraction process provided a promising way for noncondensed lignin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Canxin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rodrigues JS, Lima V, Araújo LCP, Botaro VR. Lignin Fractionation Methods: Can Lignin Fractions Be Separated in a True Industrial Process? Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vitor Lima
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luísa C. P. Araújo
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vagner R. Botaro
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Qi L, Liu J, Peng J, Yang G, Li F, Xue Y, Chen J. The Dual Effect of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment on the Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp during Oxygen Delignification Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101600. [PMID: 34063495 PMCID: PMC8156748 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen delignification presents high efficiency but causes damage to cellulose, therefore leading to an undesired loss in pulp strength. The effect of ionic liquid pretreatment of [BMIM][HSO4] and [TEA][HSO4] on oxygen delignification of the eucalyptus kraft pulp was investigated at 10% IL loading and 10% pulp consistency, after which composition analysis, pulp and fiber characterizations, and the mechanism of lignin degradation were carried out. A possible dual effect of enhancing delignification and protecting fibers from oxidation damage occurred simultaneously. The proposed [TEA][HSO4] pretreatment facilitated lignin removal in oxygen delignification and provided fibers with improved DP, fiber length and width, and curl index, resulting in the enhanced physical strength of pulp. Particularly, its folding endurance improved by 110%. An unusual brightness reduction was identified, followed by detailed characterization on the pulps and extracted lignin with FTIR, UV, XPS, and HSQC. It was proposed that [TEA][HSO4] catalyzed the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds in lignin during the oxygen delignification, with the formation of Hibbert’s ketones and quinonoid compounds. The decomposed lignin dissolved and migrated to the fiber surface, where they facilitated the access of the oxidation agent and protected the fiber framework from oxidation damage. Therefore, it was concluded that ionic liquid pretreatment has a dual effect on oxygen delignification.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen K, Wang S, Qi Y, Guo H, Guo Y, Li H. State-of-the-Art: Applications and Industrialization of Lignin Micro/Nano Particles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1284-1294. [PMID: 33403798 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As a new product of high-value utilization of lignin, lignin micro/nano particles (LMNPs) have attracted the attention of researchers due to their non-toxicity, corrosion-resistance, UV resistance, and other excellent characteristics and potential application value. This article outlined the main preparation methods of LMNPs at the current stage, summarized and compared them from three perspectives of preparation technology, final product state and product composition. Subsequently, based on the different focuses of the properties of LMNPs, their application research progress as fillers, UV blockers, drug delivery carriers, among others, were introduced. Then a concise analysis of the technical and economic assessment and life cycle assessment of LMNPs in the process of industrialization was made. Finally, the main problems at present and the future development directions were analyzed and prospected to provide references for the deep processing of forest resources and the development of bio-based nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yungeng Qi
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Li
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fanjul-Mosteirín N, del Amo V. Organocatalytic transformations in deep eutectic solvents: Green methodologies made greener. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
34
|
Extraction of butanol and acetonitrile from aqueous solution using carboxylic acid based deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
35
|
Melro E, Valente AJM, Antunes FE, Romano A, Medronho B. Enhancing Lignin Dissolution and Extraction: The Effect of Surfactants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:714. [PMID: 33652842 PMCID: PMC7956272 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissolution and extraction of lignin from biomass represents a great challenge due to the complex structure of this natural phenolic biopolymer. In this work, several surfactants (i.e., non-ionic, anionic, and cationic) were used as additives to enhance the dissolution efficiency of model lignin (kraft) and to boost lignin extraction from pine sawdust residues. To the best of our knowledge, cationic surfactants have never been systematically used for lignin dissolution. It was found that ca. 20 wt.% of kraft lignin is completely solubilized using 1 mol L-1 octyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solution. A remarkable dissolution efficiency was also obtained using 0.5 mol L-1 polysorbate 20. Furthermore, all surfactants used increased the lignin extraction with formic acid, even at low concentrations, such as 0.01 and 0.1 mol L-1. Higher concentrations of cationic surfactants improve the extraction yield but the purity of extracted lignin decreases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Melro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.J.M.V.); (F.E.A.)
| | - Artur J. M. Valente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.J.M.V.); (F.E.A.)
| | - Filipe E. Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.J.M.V.); (F.E.A.)
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (A.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruno Medronho
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (A.R.); (B.M.)
- FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rashid T, Sher F, Rasheed T, Zafar F, Zhang S, Murugesan T. Evaluation of current and future solvents for selective lignin dissolution–A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
37
|
Xue B, Yang Y, Tang R, Xue D, Sun Y, Li X. Efficient dissolution of lignin in novel ternary deep eutectic solvents and its application in polyurethane. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:480-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Levulinic acid: A novel sustainable solvent for lignin dissolution. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3454-3461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
39
|
Ponnuchamy V, Gordobil O, Diaz RH, Sandak A, Sandak J. Fractionation of lignin using organic solvents: A combined experimental and theoretical study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:792-805. [PMID: 33242547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Refining of industrial lignin to produce homogeneous fractions is essential for high-value applications. However, the understanding of key interactions between a variety of solvents with lignin polymer is still uncertain. In this work, single-step fractionation of industrial hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) using organic solvents of different polarities - ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether and hexane - was investigated by combining an experimental and theoretical approach. Experimental results revealed that higher polarity solvents (ethanol and acetone) exhibited higher solubility yield compared to moderate and low polarity solvents. The chemical differences between lignin fractions were proven by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry and near infrared spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) results indicated that ethanol presented higher interaction energy followed by acetone, diethyl ether and hexane, which was consistent with experimental findings. Hydrogen bond and non-covalent interaction results from DFT demonstrated that the predominant interaction was found for high polarity of ethanol over other solvents and γ-OH in the lignin model is the key site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerapandian Ponnuchamy
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Titov trg 4, 6000 Koper, Slovenia.
| | | | - René Herrera Diaz
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Anna Sandak
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jakub Sandak
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Titov trg 4, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Lignin Separation from Lignocellulosic Biomass. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural polymer, one that has an abundant and renewable resource in biomass. Due to a tendency towards the use of biochemicals, the efficient utilization of lignin has gained wide attention. The delignification of lignocellulosic biomass makes its fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) susceptible to easier transformation to many different commodities like energy, chemicals, and materials that could be produced using the biorefinery concept. This review gives an overview of the field of lignin separation from lignocellulosic biomass and changes that occur in the biomass during this process, as well as taking a detailed look at the influence of parameters that lead the process of dissolution. According to recent studies, a number of ionic liquids (ILs) have shown a level of potential for industrial scale production in terms of the pretreatment of biomass. ILs are perspective green solvents for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. These properties in ILs enable one to disrupt the complex structure of lignocellulose. In addition, the physicochemical properties of aprotic and protic ionic liquids (PILs) are summarized, with those properties making them suitable solvents for lignocellulose pretreatment which, especially, target lignin. The aim of the paper is to focus on the separation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, by keeping all components susceptible for biorefinery processes. The discussion includes interaction mechanisms between lignocellulosic biomass subcomponents and ILs to increase the lignin yield. According to our research, certain PILs have potential for the cost reduction of LC biomass pretreatment on the feasible separation of lignin.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kubátová A, Andrianova AA, Hatton J, Kozliak EI. Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry as a tool for structural characterization of lignin. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8813. [PMID: 32285962 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lignin occurs in a broad range of forms, e.g., native as the main support for plant walls, and processed, for which its structure depends on the nature of the industrial isolation method, such as in paper production or in biorefineries. Due to the variety of lignin sources, there is no unified agreement on the structure of lignin or even its molecular weight (MW). METHODS The focus of this review is on the application of atmospheric pressure ionization methods to lignin analysis by mass spectrometry (MS), namely electrospray ionization (ESI) or direct analysis in real-time (DART). Specific parameters affecting ionization including electrolytes and solvents are discussed. RESULTS The main challenge for MW determination of lignin is its heteropolymer character as well as the mass range limitations of MS instrumentation. To date, only a few studies have successfully used the mass range above m/z 1500. We present the advantage of ESI in generating multiply charged ions, allowing for a further increase in the mass range of deconvoluted mass spectra. While some methods such as DART do not address the mass range problem, they may serve as excellent imaging tools suitable for structural characterization of lignin. CONCLUSIONS A literature review presents the recent accomplishments in lignin MS analysis by atmospheric pressure ionization techniques. Although significant breakthroughs have been made, it is essential to further improve the operating conditions and validate the methods for a broader range of feedstocks with the results being confirmed using other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Anastasia A Andrianova
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Joshua Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Evguenii I Kozliak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Effect of Solvents on Fe-Lignin Precursors for Production Graphene-Based Nanostructures. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092167. [PMID: 32384618 PMCID: PMC7248701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kraft lignin was catalytically graphitized to graphene-based nanostructures at high temperature under non-oxidative atmospheres. To obtain the best catalytic performance, a uniform catalyst–lignin mixture must be made by bonding transitional metal (M) ions to oxygen (O), sulfur (S) or nitrogen (N)-containing functional groups in kraft lignin. One of the strategies is to dissolve or disperse kraft lignin in a suitable solvent, whereby the polymer chains in the condensed lignin molecules will be detangled and stretched out while the functional groups are solvated, and when mixing lignin solution with catalyst metal solution, the solvated metal ions in an aqueous solution can diffuse and migrate onto lignin chains to form M-O, M-S, or M-N bonds during the mixing process. Therefore, solvent effects are important in preparing M–lignin mixture for production of graphene-based nanostructures. Fe–lignin precursors were prepared by dissolving lignin with different solvents, including water, methanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Solvent effects on the catalytic performance, size and morphology of graphene-based nanostructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and nitrogen sorption measurements. The sizes, morphologies, and catalytic properties of the products obtained from Fe–lignin precursors are greatly influenced by the solvents used. It was found that Fe–lignin (THF) had the highest iron dispersion and the smallest iron particle size. Furthermore, Fe–lignin (THF) exhibited the best catalytic performance for graphitization of kraft lignin while the graphitization degree decreased in the order: Fe–lignin(THF) > Fe–lignin(Acetone) > Fe–lignin(methanol) > Fe–lignin(water).
Collapse
|
43
|
Fast and Efficient Method to Evaluate the Potential of Eutectic Solvents to Dissolve Lignocellulosic Components. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of eutectic solvents (ESs) in lignocellulosic biomass fractionation has been demonstrated as a promising approach to accomplish efficient and environmentally friendly biomass valorization. In general, ESs are a combination of two components, a hydrogen-bonding donor and a hydrogen-bonding acceptor, in which the melting point of the mixture is lower than that of the individual components. However, there are plenty of possible combinations to form ESs with the potential to apply in biomass processing. Therefore, the development of fast and effective screening methods to find combinations capable to dissolve the main biomass components—namely cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin—is highly required. An accurate and simple technique based on optical microscopy with or without polarized lenses was used in this study to quickly screen and monitor the dissolution of cellulose, xylose (a monomer of hemicelluloses), and lignin in several ESs. The dissolution of these solutes were investigated in different choline-chloride-based ESs (ChCl:UREA, ChCl:PROP, ChCl:EtGLY, ChCl:OXA, ChCl:GLY, ChCl:LAC). Small amounts of solute and solvent with temperature control were applied and the dissolution process was monitored in real time. The results obtained in this study showed that cellulose was insoluble in these ESs, while lignin and xylose were progressively dissolved.
Collapse
|
44
|
Melro E, Filipe A, Sousa D, Valente AJ, Romano A, Antunes FE, Medronho B. Dissolution of kraft lignin in alkaline solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:688-695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Recent developments in modification of lignin using ionic liquids for the fabrication of advanced materials–A review. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Daniel D, Khachatryan L, Astete C, Asatryan R, Marculescu C, Boldor D. Sulfur contaminations inhibit depolymerization of Kraft lignin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
48
|
Rodriguez Quiroz N, Norton AM, Nguyen H, Vasileiadou E, Vlachos DG. Homogeneous Metal Salt Solutions for Biomass Upgrading and Other Select Organic Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rodriguez Quiroz
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Angela M. Norton
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Hannah Nguyen
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Efterpi Vasileiadou
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Roda A, Matias AA, Paiva A, Duarte ARC. Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050912. [PMID: 31117221 PMCID: PMC6572283 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The green and versatile character of deep eutectic solvents (DES) has turned them into significant tools in the development of green and sustainable technologies. For this purpose, their use in polymeric applications has been growing and expanding to new areas of development. The present review aims to summarize the progress in the field of DES applied to polymer science and engineering. It comprises fundamentals studies involving DES and polymers, recent applications of DES in polymer synthesis, extraction and modification, and the early developments on the formulation of DES–polymer products. The combination of DES and polymers is highly promising in the development of new and ‘greener’ materials. Still, there is plenty of room for future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Roda
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ana A Matias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita C Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu Z, Zhao X, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang F. Ethanol/1,4-dioxane/formic acid as synergistic solvents for the conversion of lignin into high-value added phenolic monomers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:187-194. [PMID: 30703636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mixture solvent of ethanol/1,4-dioxane/formic acid (FA) is firstly reported to efficaciously depolymerize industrial lignin to produce high-value added phenolic monomers, in which 1,4-dioxane acts as lignin solvent, ethanol acts as solvent, reactant and in situ hydrogen donor, and FA acts as acid catalyst and in situ hydrogen donor. The effects of solvent composition and reaction conditions on the lignin conversion and product yields were explored, resulting in a low residue yield of 6.57% and a high phenolic monomers yield of 22.4% at 300 °C for 2 h when Kraft lignin was depolymerized in the mixture solvent of ethanol/1,4-dioxane/FA (10:10:2, v/v). Moreover, possible reaction mechanism on lignin depolymerization in the mixture solvent was illustrated, suggesting a favorable synergistic effect among the three components of the mixture solvent. In addition, the satisfactory applicability of the mixture solvent was approved through the feedstock adaptability and recyclability experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xinxu Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|