1
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Dalapati R, Hunter M, Sk M, Yang X, Zang L. Fluorescence Turn-on Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) by Perylene Diimide-Based Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32344-32356. [PMID: 38718353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel, water-stable, perylene diimide (PDI) based metal-organic framework (MOF), namely, U-1, has been synthesized for selective and sensitive detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in mixed aqueous solutions. The MOF shows highly selective fluorescence turn-on detection via the formation of a PFOA-MOF complex. This PFOA-MOF complex formation was confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. The detection limit of the MOF for PFOA was found to be 1.68 μM in an aqueous suspension. Upon coating onto cellulose paper, the MOF demonstrated a significantly lower detection limit, down to 3.1 nM, which is mainly due to the concentrative effect of solid phase extraction (SPE). This detection limit is lower than the fluorescence sensors based on MOFs previously reported for PFAS detection. The MOF sensor is regenerable and capable of detecting PFOA in drinking and tap water samples. The PDI-MOF-based sensor reported herein represents a novel approach, relying on fluorescence turn-on response, that has not yet been thoroughly investigated for detecting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Dalapati
- Nano Institute of Utah, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew Hunter
- Nano Institute of Utah, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mostakim Sk
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Nano Institute of Utah, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ling Zang
- Nano Institute of Utah, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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2
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Jiang Z, Denisov S, Adjei D, Mostafavi M, Ma J. Overlooked Activation Role of Sulfite in Accelerating Hydrated Electron Treatment of Perfluorosulfonates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9427-9435. [PMID: 38747404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of sulfite (SO32-) is often used to generate hydrated electrons (eaq-) in processes to degrade perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Conventional consensus discourages the utilization of SO32- concentrations exceeding 10 mM for effective defluorination. This has hindered our understanding of SO32- chemistry beyond its electron photogeneration properties. In contrast, the radiation-chemical study presented here, directly producing eaq- through water radiolysis, suggests that SO32- plays a previously overlooked activation role in the defluorination. Quantitative 60Co gamma irradiation experiments indicate that the increased SO32- concentration from 0.1 to 1 M enhances the defluorination rate by a remarkable 15-fold, especially for short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSA). Furthermore, during the treatment of long-chain PFSA (C8F17-SO3-) with a higher concentration of SO32-, the intermediates of C8H17-SO3- and C3F7-COO- were observed, which are absent without SO32-. These observations highlight that a higher concentration of SO32- facilitates both reaction pathways: chain shortening and H/F exchange. Pulse radiolysis measurements show that elevated SO32- concentrations accelerate the bimolecular reaction between eaq- and PFSA by 2 orders of magnitude. 19F NMR measurements and theoretical simulations reveal the noncovalent interactions between SO32- and F atoms, which exceptionally reduce the C-F bond dissociation energy by nearly 40%. As a result, our study offers a more effective strategy for degrading highly persistent PFSA contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Jiang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Institute de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Sergey Denisov
- Institute de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Daniel Adjei
- Institute de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Mehran Mostafavi
- Institute de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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3
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Calvillo Solís JJ, Sandoval-Pauker C, Bai D, Yin S, Senftle TP, Villagrán D. Electrochemical Reduction of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA): An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10687-10698. [PMID: 38578843 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an artificial chemical of global concern due to its high environmental persistence and potential human health risk. Electrochemical methods are promising technologies for water treatment because they are efficient, cheap, and scalable. The electrochemical reduction of PFOA is one of the current methodologies. This process leads to defluorination of the carbon chain to hydrogenated products. Here, we describe a mechanistic study of the electrochemical reduction of PFOA in gold electrodes. By using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), an E0' of -1.80 V vs Ag/AgCl was estimated. Using a scan rate diagnosis, we determined an electron-transfer coefficient (αexp) of 0.37, corresponding to a concerted mechanism. The strong adsorption of PFOA into the gold surface is confirmed by the Langmuir-like isotherm in the absence (KA = 1.89 × 1012 cm3 mol-1) and presence of a negative potential (KA = 3.94 × 107 cm3 mol-1, at -1.40 V vs Ag/AgCl). Based on Marcus-Hush's theory, calculations show a solvent reorganization energy (λ0) of 0.9 eV, suggesting a large electrostatic repulsion between the perfluorinated chain and water. The estimated free energy of the transition state of the electron transfer (ΔG‡ = 2.42 eV) suggests that it is thermodynamically the reaction-limiting step. 19F - 1H NMR, UV-vis, and mass spectrometry studies confirm the displacement of fluorine atoms by hydrogen. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also support the concerted mechanism for the reductive defluorination of PFOA, in agreement with the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Calvillo Solís
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Christian Sandoval-Pauker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - David Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Sheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Thomas P Senftle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 770052, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Dino Villagrán
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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4
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Yu H, Zhang P, Chen H, Yao Y, Zhao L, Zhao M, Zhu L, Sun H. Porous polypyrrole with a vesicle-like structure for efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water: Crucial role of porosity and morphology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132748. [PMID: 37839383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a vesicle-like and porous polypyrrole (pPPy) was fabricated by in suit self-template method to efficiently capture per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the important role of porosity and morphology in PFAS removal was explored. Compared to solid PPy (sPPy), the porosity and vesicle-like morphology of pPPy endowed it with excellent properties such as large specific surface area (108.9 m2/g vs. 22.3 m2/g), suitable pore sizes (17.4 nm), dispersity, and high hydrophilicity, which facilitated mass transfer and enhanced PFAS sorption performance. The estimated sorption capacities of pPPy for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were 509 mg/g and 532 mg/g, respectively, which were ∼2 times higher than sPPy. Furthermore, pPPy demonstrated PFAS removal of ≥ 90% across a wide pH range (3-9) and varying humic acid concentrations (0-50 mg/L). In actual water matrices, pPPy efficiently removed 12 short-chain (C-F number: 3-6) and long-chain PFASs (>90% removal for major PFASs), outperforming sPPy by ∼1.2-2.5 times. Notably, the enlarged porosity and regular morphology of pPPy significantly enhanced the removal of short-chain PFASs by ∼2 times. The spent pPPy could be regenerated and reused over 5 times. This research provides valuable insights for designing efficient PFAS sorbents by emphasizing control over porosity and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Maoshen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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5
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Sahu O. Remediation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with nano ceramic clay: Synthesis, characterization, scale-up and regenerations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121241. [PMID: 36764378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the ecosystem, resulting from industrial effluent and water bodies, has attracted greater concern. An economical treatment is in demand to optimize the current issue. In this research work, Perfluorooctanoic Acid was treated from drinking water sources with nano-ceramic clay. The ceramic clay was synthesized and characterized with Fourier infrared transformation, scanning electron micrograph, transmission electron micrograph, x-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. An adsorption process was performed in batch and continuous modes for the effective conditions for maximum removal. In batch mode 82 ± 12 nm ceramic clay particle size; 3.0 initial pH; 210 rpm agitation 1.2 mg/L PFOA concentration; 100 mg/L clay dosage; 27 °C temperature, and 20hrs experimental time shows maximum 99.15% adsorption. The experimental data is well fitted with kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics calculated data. In fixed bed, continuous column study 10 h treatment time, 10 cm of bed height, and 2 ml/min were adsorbed 99.99% of PFOA. The experimental data from the fixed bed adsorption equipment was correlated using a number of different mathematical models, including the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson, and Clark models. Overall nano ceramic clay was found to potential adsorbent for Perfluorooctanoic acid removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
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6
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Tan X, Jiang Z, Ding W, Zhang M, Huang Y. Multiple interactions steered high affinity toward PFAS on ultrathin layered rare-earth hydroxide nanosheets: Remediation performance and molecular-level insights. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119558. [PMID: 36603309 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic systems has raised concerns about their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Adsorption is a promising technique for the remediation of PFAS, yet effective adsorbents with rapid uptake kinetics and high adsorption capacity are still in high demand, and molecular-level understanding of the interfacial adsorption mechanisms is lacking. In this study, we developed a superior layered rare-earth hydroxide (LRH) adsorbent, ultrathin Y2(OH)4.86Cl1.44·1·07H2O (namely YOHCl) nanosheets, to achieve the effective removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). YOHCl nanosheets exhibited ultra-high adsorption capacity toward PFOA (up to 957.1 mg/g), which is 1.9 times and 9.3 times higher than the state-of-the-art layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDH) and benchmark granular activated carbon (GAC) under the same conditions, respectively. Furthermore, YOHCl nanosheets pose stable performance on the removal of PFOA under various water matrices with robust reusability. We also developed YOHCl-based continuous-flow column, demonstrating its promise in simultaneously removing multiple PFAS with wide range of chain lengths at environmentally relevant concentrations. With the molecular-level investigations, we have revealed that multi-mechanism, including ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and bidentate/bridging coordination, contributed to the strong PFOA-YOHCl affinity, leading to the ultra-high adsorption capacity of PFOA. We have provided emerging LRHs-based adsorbents for the effective remediation of PFAS with molecular-level insights on the interfacial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Tan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenying Jiang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Ding
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingkun Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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7
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Investigation of the Binding Behavior of PAMAMs-NH2 Dendrimers with Ofloxacin via NMR Studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Liu X, Zhu C, Yin J, Li J, Zhang Z, Li J, Shui F, You Z, Shi Z, Li B, Bu XH, Nafady A, Ma S. Installation of synergistic binding sites onto porous organic polymers for efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2132. [PMID: 35440580 PMCID: PMC9019033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a strategy to construct highly efficient perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) adsorbents by installing synergistic electrostatic/hydrophobic sites onto porous organic polymers (POPs). The constructed model material of PAF-1-NDMB (NDMB = N,N-dimethyl-butylamine) demonstrates an exceptionally high PFOA uptake capacity over 2000 mg g-1, which is 14.8 times enhancement compared with its parent material of PAF-1. And it is 32.0 and 24.1 times higher than benchmark materials of DFB-CDP (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-based polymer network) and activated carbon under the same conditions. Furthermore, PAF-1-NDMB exhibits the highest k2 value of 24,000 g mg-1 h-1 among all reported PFOA sorbents. And it can remove 99.99% PFOA from 1000 ppb to <70 ppt within 2 min, which is lower than the advisory level of Environmental Protection Agency of United States. This work thus not only provides a generic approach for constructing PFOA adsorbents, but also develops POPs as a platform for PFOA capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Changjia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Feng Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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9
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Gao X, Ma M, Pedersen CM, Liu R, Zhang Z, Chang H, Qiao Y, Wang Y. Interactions between PAMAM-NH 2 and 6-Mercaptopurine: Qualitative and Quantitative NMR studies. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3658-3663. [PMID: 34494362 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite being used as an anti-leukemic drug, the poor solubility of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) limits its use in topical and parenteral applications. Dendrimers are commonly used as drug carriers to improve their solubility in aqueous solution. In this work, the interactions between 6-MP and the amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM-NH2 ) were investigated by various NMR technology. The chemical shift titrations disclosed that the 6-MP interacted with the surface of PAMAM-NH2 mainly through electrostatics. The determination of diffusion coefficient and relaxation measurements further confirmed the presence of interactions in 6-MP/PAMAM-NH2 complexes. In addition, the encapsulation of 6-MP within the cavity of PAMAM-NH2 was revealed through nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy and Saturation Transfer Double Difference analysis. Finally, the binding strength (H-8 is 100% and H-2 is 70%) of 6-MP to PAMAM-NH2 was quantitatively expressed using epitope maps. This study provides a systematic methodology for qualitative and quantitative studies of the interactions between dendrimers and drug molecules in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Christian Marcus Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Honghong Chang
- Shanxi Xuanran Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Jinzhong, 030600, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Anaraki MT, Lysak DH, Downey K, Kock FVC, You X, Majumdar RD, Barison A, Lião LM, Ferreira AG, Decker V, Goerling B, Spraul M, Godejohann M, Helm PA, Kleywegt S, Jobst K, Soong R, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. NMR spectroscopy of wastewater: A review, case study, and future potential. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:121-180. [PMID: 34852923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for the study of molecular structures and interactions, and is increasingly being applied to environmental research, such as the study of wastewater. With over 97% of the planet's water being saltwater, and two thirds of freshwater being frozen in the ice caps and glaciers, there is a significant need to maintain and reuse the remaining 1%, which is a precious resource, critical to the sustainability of most life on Earth. Sanitation and reutilization of wastewater is an important method of water conservation, especially in arid regions, making the understanding of wastewater itself, and of its treatment processes, a highly relevant area of environmental research. Here, the benefits, challenges and subtleties of using NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of wastewater are considered. First, the techniques available to overcome the specific challenges arising from the nature of wastewater (which is a complex and dilute matrix), including an examination of sample preparation and NMR techniques (such as solvent suppression), in both the solid and solution states, are discussed. Then, the arsenal of available NMR techniques for both structure elucidation (e.g., heteronuclear, multidimensional NMR, homonuclear scalar coupling-based experiments) and the study of intermolecular interactions (e.g., diffusion, nuclear Overhauser and saturation transfer-based techniques) in wastewater are examined. Examples of wastewater NMR studies from the literature are reviewed and potential areas for future research are identified. Organized by nucleus, this review includes the common heteronuclei (13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si) as well as other environmentally relevant nuclei and metals such as 27Al, 51V, 207Pb and 113Cd, among others. Further, the potential of additional NMR methods such as comprehensive multiphase NMR, NMR microscopy and hyphenated techniques (for example, LC-SPE-NMR-MS) for advancing the current understanding of wastewater are discussed. In addition, a case study that combines natural abundance (i.e. non-concentrated), targeted and non-targeted NMR to characterize wastewater, along with in vivo based NMR to understand its toxicity, is included. The study demonstrates that, when applied comprehensively, NMR can provide unique insights into not just the structure, but also potential impacts, of wastewater and wastewater treatment processes. Finally, low-field NMR, which holds considerable future potential for on-site wastewater monitoring, is briefly discussed. In summary, NMR spectroscopy is one of the most versatile tools in modern science, with abilities to study all phases (gases, liquids, gels and solids), chemical structures, interactions, interfaces, toxicity and much more. The authors hope this review will inspire more scientists to embrace NMR, given its huge potential for both wastewater analysis in particular and environmental research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Xiang You
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Rudraksha D Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- NMR Center, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Venita Decker
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada.
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11
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Ma M, Gao X, Guo Z, Qiao Y. New Insights into the Binding Site and Affinity of the Interaction between Biotin and PAMAMs-NH 2 via NMR Studies. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4076-4085. [PMID: 33876645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-dendrimer conjugates (such as biotin-PAMAMs-NH2) are important macromolecules in the field of host-guest chemistry and widely used systems for delivery. The similar chemical structures of the inner and outer layers of PAMAM-NH2 make it difficult to illuminate the interaction and the binding affinity of biotin-PAMAMs-NH2. By utilizing NMR techniques including 1H NMR titration, CSSF-TOCSY, STDD methods, and 2D DOSY analysis, we demonstrate a method to sort out these interactions. The methylene protons of the inner and outer layers of PAMAM-NH2 are successfully identified and accurately positioned so that the carboxylic acid groups of biotins are having ionic interactions with the outermost amine groups of PAMAM-NH2. The inner PAMAM-NH2 is protonated when reaching the isoelectric point of PAMAM-NH2, increasing the hydrodynamic radius. On the basis of the NMR experiments, a model is proposed, where the carboxylic acid groups and heterocyclic skeleton of biotin arched over the outer layers of PAMAM-NH2 like a bridge. Furthermore, using STDD epitope mapping, the binding affinity between biotin and PAMAM-NH2 was quantified. The diffusion behavior of biotin-G5 PAMAM-NH2 complex is more complicated than that of biotin-G3 PAMAM-NH2 complex due to steric hindrance. The results provide a theoretical basis for understanding these complicated drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan 030001, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan 030001, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan 030001, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan 030001, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Fedorenko M, Alesio J, Fedorenko A, Slitt A, Bothun GD. Dominant entropic binding of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to albumin protein revealed by 19F NMR. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128083. [PMID: 33297081 PMCID: PMC8479757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic insight into protein binding by poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is critical to understanding how PFASs distribute and accumulate within the body and to developing predictive models within and across classes of PFASs. Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F NMR) has proven to be a powerful, yet underutilized tool to study PFAS binding; chemical shifts of each fluorine group reflect the local environment along the length of the PFAS molecule. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA), we report dissociation constants, Kd, for four common PFASs well below reported critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) - perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) - as a function of temperature in phosphate buffered saline. Kd values were determined based on the difluoroethyl group adjacent to the anionic headgroups and the terminal trifluoromethyl groups. Our results indicate that the hydrophobic tails exhibit greater binding affinity relative to the headgroup, and that the binding affinities are generally consistent with previous results showing that greater PFAS hydrophobicity leads to greater protein binding. However, the binding mechanism was dominated by entropic hydrophobic interactions attributed to desolvation of the PFAS tails within the hydrophobic cavities of the protein and on the surface of the protein. In addition, PFNA appears to form hemimicelles on the protein surfaces below reported CMC values. This work provides a renewed approach to utilizing 19F NMR for PFAS-protein binding studies and a new perspective on the role of solvent entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fedorenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Jessica Alesio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Anatoliy Fedorenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Angela Slitt
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Bothun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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13
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Heerah K, Waclawek S, Konzuk J, Longstaffe JG. Benchtop 19 F NMR spectroscopy as a practical tool for testing of remedial technologies for the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid, a persistent organic pollutant. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:1160-1167. [PMID: 31997392 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective remedial technologies for the destruction of environmental pollutants requires the ability to clearly monitor degradation processes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for understanding reaction progress; however, practical considerations often restrict the application of NMR spectroscopy as a tool to better understand the degradation of environmental pollutants. Chief among these restrictions is the limited access smaller environmental research labs and remediation companies have to suitable NMR facilities. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy is a low-cost and user-friendly approach to acquire much of the same information as conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, albeit with reduced sensitivity and resolution. This paper explores the practical application of benchtop NMR spectroscopy to understand the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid using sodium persulfate, a common reagent for the destruction of groundwater contaminants. It is found that Benchtop 19 F NMR spectroscopy is able to monitor the complete degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid into fluoride; however, the observation of intermediate degradation products formed, which can be observed using a conventional NMR spectrometer, cannot be readily distinguished from the parent compound when measurements are performed using the benchtop instrument. Under certain reaction conditions, the formation of fluorinated structures that are resistant to further degradation is readily observed. Overall, it is shown that benchtop 19 F NMR spectroscopy has potential as a quick and reliable tool to assist in the development of remedial technologies for the degradation of fluorinated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavi Heerah
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stanislaw Waclawek
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Konzuk
- Geosyntec Consultants International, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James G Longstaffe
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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14
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Xiang L, Chen XT, Yu PF, Li XH, Zhao HM, Feng NX, Li YW, Li H, Cai QY, Mo CH, Li QX. Oxalic Acid in Root Exudates Enhances Accumulation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Lettuce. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13046-13055. [PMID: 33030897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is bioaccumulative in crops. PFOA bioaccumulation potential varies largely among crop varieties. Root exudates are found to be associated with such variations. Concentrations of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in root exudates from a PFOA-high-accumulation lettuce variety are observed significantly higher than those from PFOA-low-accumulation lettuce variety (p < 0.05). Root exudates and their LMWOAs components exert great influences on the linear sorption-desorption isotherms of PFOA in soils, thus activating PFOA and enhancing its bioavailability. Among root exudate components, oxalic acid is identified to play a key role in activating PFOA uptake, with >80% attribution. Oxalic acid at rhizospheric concentrations (0.02-0.5 mM) can effectively inhibit PFOA sorption to soils by decreasing hydrophobic force, electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and cation-bridge effect. Oxalic acid enhances dissolution of metallic ions, iron/aluminum oxides, and organic matters from soils and forms oxalate-metal complexes, based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, ultraviolet spectra, and analyses of metal ions, iron/aluminum organometallic complexes, and dissolved organic carbon. The findings not only reveal the activation process of PFOA in soils by root exudates, particularly oxalic acid at rhizospheric concentrations, but also give an insight into the mechanism of enhancing PFOA accumulation in lettuce varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Xiao-Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin-Hong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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15
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Fulong CRP, Guardian MGE, Aga DS, Cook TR. A Self-Assembled Iron(II) Metallacage as a Trap for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6697-6708. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cressa Ria P. Fulong
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mary Grace E. Guardian
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Diana S. Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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