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Okrasa L, Włodarska M, Kisiel M, Mossety-Leszczak B. Modification of the Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Organic Frameworks Based on Nonterminal Epoxy Liquid Crystal with Silicon Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1320. [PMID: 38794513 PMCID: PMC11125083 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A nonterminal liquid crystal epoxy monomer is used to create an epoxy-amine network with a typical diamine 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane. The plain matrix is compared to matrices modified with inorganic fillers: TiO2 or SiO2. Conditions of the curing reaction and glass transition temperatures in the cured products are determined through differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The curing process is also followed through optical and electrical observations. The dielectric response of all investigated networks reveals a segmental α-process related to structural reorientation (connected to the glass transition). In all products, a similar process associated with molecular motions of polar groups also appears. The matrix modified with TiO2 exhibits two secondary relaxation processes (β and γ). Similar processes were observed in the pure monomer. An advantage of the network with the TiO2 filler is a shorter time or lower temperature required for optimal curing conditions. The physical properties of cured matrices depend on the presence of a nematic phase in the monomer and nonterminal functional groups in the aliphatic chains. In effect, such cured matrices can have more flexibility and internal order than classical resins. Additional modifiers used in this work shift the glass transition above room temperature and influence the fragility index in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Okrasa
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Włodarska
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 217/221, 93-005 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kisiel
- Department of Industrial and Materials Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.K.); (B.M.-L.)
| | - Beata Mossety-Leszczak
- Department of Industrial and Materials Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.K.); (B.M.-L.)
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2
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Senthil Rathi B, Ewe LS, S S, S S, Yew WK, R B, Tiong SK. Recent trends and advancement in metal oxide nanoparticles for the degradation of dyes: synthesis, mechanism, types and its application. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:272-298. [PMID: 38821108 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2349304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic dyes play a crucial role in our daily lives, especially in clothing, leather accessories, and furniture manufacturing. Unfortunately, these potentially carcinogenic substances are significantly impacting our water systems due to their widespread use. Dyes from various sources pose a serious environmental threat owing to their persistence and toxicity. Regulations underscore the urgency in addressing this problem. In response to this challenge, metal oxide nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe3O4) have emerged as intriguing options for dye degradation due to their unique characteristics and production methods. This paper aims to explore the types of nanoparticles suitable for dye degradation, various synthesis methods, and the properties of nanoparticles. The study elaborates on the photocatalytic and adsorption-desorption activities of metal oxide nanoparticles, elucidating their role in dye degradation and their application potential. Factors influencing degradation, including nanoparticle properties and environmental conditions, are discussed. Furthermore, the paper provides relevant case studies, practical applications in water treatment, and effluent treatment specifically in the textile sector. Challenges such as agglomeration, toxicity concerns, and cost-effectiveness are acknowledged. Future advancements in nanomaterial synthesis, their integration with other materials, and their impact on environmental regulations are potential areas for development. In conclusion, metal oxide nanoparticles possess immense potential in reducing dye pollution, and further research and development are essential to define their role in long-term environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Senthil Rathi
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay Sheng Ewe
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay S
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Sujatha S
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Weng Kean Yew
- School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Sieh Kiong Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Oropesa WGC, Nascimento ES, Vieira AP. Mean-field model for a mixture of biaxial nematogens and dipolar nanoparticles. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054701. [PMID: 38907419 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We analyze a mean-field model for mixtures involving biaxial nematogens and dipolar nanoparticles, taking into account not only orientational and isotropic pair interactions between nematogens but also orientational nematogen-nanoparticle interactions. We determine bulk equilibrium phase diagrams for a wide range of interaction strengths, identifying in each case the effect of the nanoparticles on the stability of nematic phases and on the appearance of multicritical points. Special attention is given to the limit of a low concentration of nanoparticles, in which their effect on the temperatures of both the first-order uniaxial-isotropic and the continuous biaxial-uniaxial transitions is investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G C Oropesa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Fisica, Rua do Matao, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Doutor Bento Teobaldo Ferraz 271, 01140-070 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Nascimento
- Departamento de Física, PUC-Rio, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André P Vieira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Fisica, Rua do Matao, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Iqbal A, Urbanska M, Dąbrowski RS, Kumar S, Dhar R. Impact of carbon quantum dots on self-assembly and dielectric relaxation modes of a room temperature tri-component fluorinated antiferroelectric liquid crystal mixture. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9293-9307. [PMID: 38009790 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01226c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) of sizes ∼2-5 nm in a room temperature tri-component fluorinated antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) mixture. The synthesised CQDs have been characterised by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. An increase in the transition temperature and enthalpy to the isotropic liquid phase indicates stabilization of the AFLC mixture in the presence of CQDs. The dielectric studies have been carried out in the frequency range of 1 Hz-40 MHz under the planar anchoring conditions of the molecules. An appreciable increase in the permittivity, dielectric strength, and conductivity has been observed owing to the existence of sp2/sp3 hybridization in the CQDs which form a strong coupling and develop a dipolar ordering in the systems. Various relaxation frequencies were increased with the incarceration of CQDs in the AFLC mixture. Overall, the different studies suggest that the doped CQDs are very well settled in between the host molecules without disturbing the molecular ordering of the hosts. Such results are encouraging and reveal the potential applicability of the CQD doped systems to produce highly efficient tuneable optical devices and other multifaceted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Iqbal
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India.
| | - Magdalena Urbanska
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw 00-908, Poland
| | - Roman S Dąbrowski
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw 00-908, Poland
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bengaluru 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Ravindra Dhar
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India.
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5
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Lal A, Verma H, Chirra S, Dhar R, Dabrowski R, Pandey KL. Gold Nanorod-Induced Effects in a Mesogenic Compound 4-( trans-4- n-Hexylcyclohexyl) isothiocyanatobenzene. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29012-29024. [PMID: 37599970 PMCID: PMC10433484 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (GNRs) have a capsule-like structure with different optical properties than spherical gold nanoparticles due to surface plasmon resonance. Liquid crystals (LCs) are mesogenic compounds having crystal-like orientation and liquid-like fluidity. They are important materials from a technological point of view. Both GNRs and LC compounds are anisotropic in shape and properties. Different nano entities show interesting results when dispersed in different liquid crystalline materials which are instrumental from the application point of view. In the present work, GNRs have been dispersed in nematic liquid crystalline materials, namely 4-(trans-4-n-hexylcyclohexyl) isothiocyanatobenzene (6CHBT). Calorimetric, texture, spectroscopic, and dielectric studies were carried out for a pure 6CHBT and its composites with GNRs. Different calorimetric and dielectric parameters such as transition temperature, enthalpy, heat flow, permittivity, dielectric strength, dielectric anisotropy, and relaxation frequency have been determined, and the effect of GNRs has been explored. This article gives an insight into the influence of GNRs on the morphology and anisotropic physical properties of the nematic liquid crystalline material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Lal
- Department
of Chemistry, Ewing Christian College, University
of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211003, India
- Centre
of Material Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Centre
of Material Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Saikumar Chirra
- Centre
of Material Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
- Department
of Physics, Ewing Christian College, University
of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211003, India
| | - Ravindra Dhar
- Centre
of Material Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Roman Dabrowski
- Department
of Applied Sciences and Chemistry, Military
University of Technology, Warsaw 00-908, Poland
| | - Kusum Lata Pandey
- Department
of Physics, Ewing Christian College, University
of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211003, India
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6
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Singh PK, Dhar R, Dabrowski R. Enhancement of dielectric and electro-optical characteristics of liquid crystalline material 4'-octyl-4-cyano-biphenyl with dispersed functionalized and nonfunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044704. [PMID: 37198864 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
For recent applications, liquid crystal-carbon nanotube based nanocomposite systems have been proven to be highly attractive. In this paper, we give a thorough analysis of a nanocomposite system made of both functionalized and nonfunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes that are disseminated in a 4'-octyl-4-cyano-biphenyl liquid crystal medium. Thermodynamic study reveals a decrease in the nanocomposites' transition temperatures. In contrast to nonfunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersed systems, the enthalpy of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersed systems has increased. In comparison to the pure sample, the dispersed nanocomposites have a smaller optical band gap. A rise in the longitudinal component of permittivity and, consequently, the dielectric anisotropy of the dispersed nanocomposites has been observed by dielectric studies. When compared to the pure sample, the conductivity of both dispersed nanocomposite materials has increased by two orders of magnitude. For the system with dispersed functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the threshold voltage, splay elastic constant, and rotational viscosity all decreased. For the dispersed nanocomposite of nonfunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the value of the threshold voltage is somewhat decreased but the rotational viscosity and splay elastic constant both are enhanced. These findings show the applicability of the liquid crystal nanocomposites for display and electro-optical systems with appropriate tuning of the parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Singh
- Centre of Material Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India
| | - Ravindra Dhar
- Centre of Material Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India
| | - Roman Dabrowski
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw 00-908, Poland
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7
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Alharshan GA, Aboraia AM, Uosif MAM, Sharaf IM, Shaaban ER, Saad M, ALMohiy H, Elsenety MM. Optical Band Gap Tuning, DFT Understandings, and Photocatalysis Performance of ZnO Nanoparticle-Doped Fe Compounds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2676. [PMID: 37048969 PMCID: PMC10096406 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron-doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles were produced by the sol-gel combustion method. This study aims to see how iron doping affects the structural, optical, and photocatalytic characteristics of ZnO composites. XRD examined all samples to detect the structural properties and proved that all active materials are a single hexagonal phase. The morphology and particle size were investigated by TEM. Computational Density functional theory (DFT) calculation of the band structure, density of state, and charge distributions for ZnO were investigated in comparison with ZnO dope iron. We reported the application results of ZnO doped Fe for Methylene blue dye removal under photocatalytic degradation effect. The iron concentrations affect the active material's band gap, producing higher photocatalytic performance. The acquired results could be employed to enhance the photocatalytic properties of ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gharam A. Alharshan
- Physics Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz Mohamed Aboraia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71542, Egypt
- Energy Storage Research Laboratory (ESRL), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71542, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. M. Uosif
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Sharaf
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71542, Egypt
- Energy Storage Research Laboratory (ESRL), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71542, Egypt
| | - Essam R. Shaaban
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71542, Egypt
- Energy Storage Research Laboratory (ESRL), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71542, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saad
- Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hussain ALMohiy
- Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Elsenety
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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8
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Metal oxide alumina nanowire-induced polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composites for low power consumption and smart windows. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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9
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Chauhan G, Malik P, Deep A. Morphological, dielectric, electro-optic and photoluminescence properties of titanium oxide nanoparticles enriched polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal composites. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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10
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Han J, Yang L, Li J, Song Z, Wang T, Zhu J. Advanced liquid crystal-based switchable optical devices for light protection applications: principles and strategies. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 36593244 PMCID: PMC9807646 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the development of optical technologies, transparent materials that provide protection from light have received considerable attention from scholars. As important channels for external light, windows play a vital role in the regulation of light in buildings, vehicles, and aircrafts. There is a need for windows with switchable optical properties to prevent or attenuate damage or interference to the human eye and light-sensitive instruments by inappropriate optical radiation. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs), owing to their rich responsiveness and unique optical properties, have been considered among the best candidates for advanced light protection materials. In this review, we provide an overview of advances in research on LC-based methods for protection against light. First, we introduce the characteristics of different light sources and their protection requirements. Second, we introduce several classes of light modulation principles based on liquid crystal materials and demonstrate the feasibility of using them for light protection. In addition, we discuss current light protection strategies based on liquid crystal materials for different applications. Finally, we discuss the problems and shortcomings of current strategies. We propose several suggestions for the development of liquid crystal materials in the field of light protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zicheng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Energy Science & Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk T, Tomašovičová N, Timko M, Zakutanska K, Miakota D, Kopčanský P, Shevchuk O, Garbovskiy Y. Dielectric and electrical properties of nematic liquid crystals 6CB doped with iron oxide nanoparticles. The combined effect of nanodopant concentration and cell thickness. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Anu, Varshney D, Yadav K, Prakash J, Meena H, Singh G. Tunable dielectric and memory features of ferroelectric layered perovskite Bi4Ti3O12 nanoparticles doped nematic liquid crystal composite. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Choi SH, Kim JA, Heo GS, Park HG. Electro-optical characteristics of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal containing copper (II) phthalocyanine as a function of UV irradiation time. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Huang HB, Weng GQ, Liang AH, Jiang ZL. Liquid crystal 5CB-loaded nanogold as new nanocatalyst combined with aptamer to determine small organic pollutants by Cu2O resonance Rayleigh scattering probe. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Poryvai A, Šmahel M, Švecová M, Nemati A, Shadpour S, Ulbrich P, Ogolla T, Liu J, Novotná V, Veverka M, Vejpravová J, Hegmann T, Kohout M. Chiral, Magnetic, and Photosensitive Liquid Crystalline Nanocomposites Based on Multifunctional Nanoparticles and Achiral Liquid Crystals. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11833-11841. [PMID: 35867644 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles serving as a multifunctional and multiaddressable dopant to modify the properties of liquid crystalline matrices are developed by combining cobalt ferrite nanocrystals with organic ligands featuring a robust photosensitive unit and a source of chirality from the natural pool. These nanoparticles provide a stable nanocomposite when dispersed in achiral liquid crystals, giving rise to chiral supramolecular structures that can respond to UV-light illumination, and, at the same time, the formed nanocomposite possesses strong magnetic response. We report on a nanocomposite that shows three additional functionalities (chirality and responsiveness to UV light and magnetic field) upon the introduction of a single dopant into achiral liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poryvai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šmahel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Švecová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ahlam Nemati
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Sasan Shadpour
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Pavel Ulbrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy Ogolla
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Jiao Liu
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Vladimíra Novotná
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Veverka
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vejpravová
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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17
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Vidakis N, Petousis M, Michailidis N, Papadakis V, Korlos A, Mountakis N, Argyros A. Multi-Functional 3D-Printed Vat Photopolymerization Biomedical-Grade Resin Reinforced with Binary Nano Inclusions: The Effect of Cellulose Nanofibers and Antimicrobial Nanoparticle Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091903. [PMID: 35567072 PMCID: PMC9100280 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduced binary nanoparticle (NP) inclusions into a biomedical-grade photosensitive resin (Biomed Clear-BC). Multi-functional, three-dimensional (3D) printed objects were manufactured via the vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as one dimensional (1D) nanomaterial have been utilized for the mechanical reinforcement of the resin, while three different spherical NPs, namely copper NPs (nCu), copper oxide NPs (nCuO), and a commercial antimicrobial powder (nAP), endowed the antimicrobial character. The nanoparticle loading was kept constant at 1.0 wt.% to elucidate any synergistic effects as a function of the filler loading. Raman, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the chemical/spectroscopic and thermal properties of the different manufactured samples. Scanning electron microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed the morphology of the samples. Mechanical properties revealed the reinforcement mechanisms, namely that BC/CNF (1.0 wt.%) exhibited a 102% and 154% enhancement in strength and modulus, respectively, while BC/CNF(1.0 wt.%)/AP(1.0 wt.%) exhibited a 95% and 101% enhancement, as well as an antibacterial property, which was studied using a screening agar well diffusion method. This study opens the route towards novel, multi-functional materials for vat photopolymerization 3D printing biomedical applications, where mechanical reinforcement and antibacterial performance are typically required in the operational environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Markos Petousis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810379227
| | - Nikolaos Michailidis
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B’, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Korlos
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, International Hellenic University, 14th km Thessaloniki—N. Moudania, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Apostolos Argyros
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B’, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Parveen A, Prakash J, Singh G. Impact of strontium titanate nanoparticles on the dielectric, electro-optical and electrical response of a nematic liquid crystal. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Rajesh R, Gangwar LK, Mishra SK, Choudhary A, Biradar AM, Sumana G. Technological Advancements in Bio‐recognition using Liquid Crystals: Techniques, Applications, and Performance. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35347826 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The application of liquid crystal (LC) materials has undergone a modern-day renaissance from its classical use in electronics industry as display devices to new-fangled techniques for optically detecting biological and chemical analytes. This review article deals with the emergence of LC materials as invaluable material for their use as label-free sensing elements in the development of optical, electro-optical and electrochemical biosensors. The property of LC molecules to change their orientation on perturbation by any external stimuli or on interaction with bioanalytes or chemical species has been utilized by many researches for the fabrication of high sensitive LC-biosensors. In this review article we categorized LC-biosensor based on biomolecular reaction mechanism viz. enzymatic, nucleotides and immunoreaction in conjunction with operating principle at different LC interface namely LC-solid, LC-aqueous and LC-droplets. Based on bimolecular reaction mechanism, the application of LC has been delineated with recent progress made in designing of LC-interface for the detection of bio and chemical analytes of proteins, virus, bacteria, clinically relevant compounds, heavy metal ions and environmental pollutants. The review briefly describes the experimental set-ups, sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection and linear range of various viable and conspicuous LC-based biosensor platforms with associated advantages and disadvantages therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Rajesh
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | - Lokesh K. Gangwar
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | | | - Amit Choudhary
- Physics Department Deshbandhu College (University of Delhi) Kalkaji New Delhi India
| | - Ashok M. Biradar
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | - Gajjala Sumana
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
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20
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Lacková V, Schroer MA, Honecker D, Hähsler M, Vargová H, Zakutanská K, Behrens S, Kováč J, Svergun DI, Kopčanský P, Tomašovičová N. Clustering in ferronematics-The effect of magnetic collective ordering. iScience 2021; 24:103493. [PMID: 34927029 PMCID: PMC8649803 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles can dramatically change their collective magnetic properties, and it consequently may influence their performance in biomedical and technological applications. Owing to tailored surface modification of magnetic particles such composites represent stable systems. Here, we report ferronematic mixtures that contain anisotropic clusters of mesogen-hybridized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in liquid crystal host studied by different experimental methods-magnetization measurements, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and capacitance measurements. These measurements reveal non-monotonic dependencies of magnetization curves and the Fréedericksz transition on the magnetic nanoparticles concentration. This can be explained by the formation of clusters, whose structures were determined by SAXS measurements. Complementary to the magnetization measurements, SANS measurements of the samples were performed for different magnetic field strengths to obtain information on the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. We demonstrated that such hybrid materials offer new avenues for tunable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lacková
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Nanoparticle Process Technology University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Honecker
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Hähsler
- Institut für Katalyseforschung und -technologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hana Vargová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Zakutanská
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institut für Katalyseforschung und -technologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jozef Kováč
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kopčanský
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Natália Tomašovičová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
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21
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Mahmoud ERI, Almohamadi H, Aljabri A, Khan SZ, Saquib AN, Farhan M, Elkotb MAG. Fabrication and Characterization of Steel-Base Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by Yttria Nanoparticles through Friction Stir Processing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247611. [PMID: 34947206 PMCID: PMC8705687 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Friction Stir Processing (FSP) was used to fabricate metal matrix composite, based on steel and reinforced with nano-sized yttrium oxide powder. The powder was packed in a narrow longitudinal groove of 2 mm depth and 1 mm width cut in the steel plate’s rear surface. Different rotation speeds of 500–1500 rpm were used, at a fixed traveling speed of 50 mm·min−1. Single-pass and two passes, with the same conditions, were applied. The direction of the second pass was opposite to that of the first pass. After the first pass, complete nugget zones were obtained when the rotation speeds were more than 700 rpm with some particles agglomeration. The added particles showed as narrow elliptical bands, with a band pitch equal to the rotation speed over traveling speed. Performing the second FSP pass in the opposite direction resulted in better particles distributions. Almost defect-free composite materials, with homogenously distributed yttria nano-sized particles, were obtained after two passes when rotation speeds more than 700 rpm were used. The resulting steel matrix grains were refined from ~60 μm of the base metal to less than 3 μm of the processed nugget zone matrix. The hardness and the tensile strength of the fabricated materials improved almost two-fold over the base metal. Uniform microhardness values within the nugget areas were observed at higher rotational speeds. The ductility and toughness of the fabricated composites were reduced compared to the base metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam R. I. Mahmoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.Z.K.); (A.N.S.); (M.F.)
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo 11421, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5438-76061
| | - Hamad Almohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Aljabri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.Z.K.); (A.N.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Sohaib Z. Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.Z.K.); (A.N.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Ahmad N. Saquib
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.Z.K.); (A.N.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Mohammed Farhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.Z.K.); (A.N.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Mohammed Abdel-Ghani Elkotb
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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22
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Azhar S, Ahmad KS, Abrahams I, Lin W, Gupta RK, Mazhar M, Ali D. Phyto-inspired Cu/Bi oxide-based nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization, and energy relevant investigation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30510-30519. [PMID: 35479863 PMCID: PMC9041097 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A modified and sustainable approach is reported in this research for the synthesis of a spherical-shaped CuO–Bi2O3 electrode material for electrochemical studies. Aqueous extract derived from the plant Amaranthus viridis L. (Amaranthaceae) (AVL) was used as a reducing agent for morphological control of the synthesis of CuO–Bi2O3 nanocomposites. The modified nanomaterial revealed an average crystal size of 49 ± 2 nm, which matches very well with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings. Furthermore, the synthesized material was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission SEM and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The optical band gap energy of 3.45 eV was calculated using a Tauc plot. Finally, the bioorganic framework-derived CuO–Bi2O3 electrode was tested for energy generating and storage applications and the results revealed a capacitance of 389 F g−1 by cyclic voltammetry, with a maximum energy density of 12 W h kg−1 and power density of 5 kW kg−1. Hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction studies showed good potential of CuO–Bi2O3 as an electrocatalyst for water splitting, with maximum efficiency of the electrode up to 16.5 hours. Spherical-shaped CuO–Bi2O3 electrode material and its electrochemical studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Azhar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Isaac Abrahams
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Wang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA
| | - Ram K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA
| | - Muhammad Mazhar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology H12 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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23
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Hamon C, Beaudoin E, Launois P, Paineau E. Doping Liquid Crystals of Colloidal Inorganic Nanotubes by Additive-Free Metal Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5052-5058. [PMID: 34019414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Doping liquid-crystal phases with nanoparticles is a fast-growing field with potential breakthroughs due to the combination of the properties brought by the two components. One of the main challenges remains the long-term stability of the hybrid system, requiring complex functionalization of the nanoparticles at the expense of their self-assembly properties. Here we demonstrate the successful synthesis of additive-free noble-metal nanoparticles at the surface of charged inorganic nanotubes. Transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy confirm the stabilization of metallic nanoparticles on nanotubes. Meanwhile, the spontaneous formation of liquid-crystals phases induced by the nanotubes is observed, even after surface modification with metallic nanoparticles. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments reveal that the average interparticle distance in the resulting hybrids can be easily modulated by controlling electrostatic interactions. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for the preparation of homogeneous transparent hybrid films with a high degree of alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Hamon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaudoin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Pascale Launois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Erwan Paineau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
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24
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Wang Z, Xu T, Noel A, Chen YC, Liu T. Applications of liquid crystals in biosensing. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4675-4702. [PMID: 33978639 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02088e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs), as a promising branch of highly-sensitive, quick-response, and low-cost materials, are widely applied to the detection of weak external stimuli and have attracted significant attention. Over the past decade, many research groups have been devoted to developing LC-based biosensors due to their self-assembly potential and functional diversity. In this paper, recent investigations on the design and application of LC-based biosensors are reviewed, based on the phenomenon that the orientation of LCs can be directly influenced by the interactions between biomolecules and LC molecules. The sensing principle of LC-based biosensors, as well as their signal detection by probing interfacial interactions, is described to convert, amplify, and quantify the information from targets into optical and electrical parameters. Furthermore, commonly-used LC biosensing targets are introduced, including glucose, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, cells, microorganisms, ions, and other micromolecules that are critical to human health. Due to their self-assembly potential, chemical diversity, and high sensitivity, it has been reported that tunable stimuli-responsive LC biosensors show bright perspectives and high superiorities in biological applications. Finally, challenges and future prospects are discussed for the fabrication and application of LC biosensors to both enhance their performance and to realize their promise in the biosensing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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25
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Barrera A, Binet C, Dubois F, Hébert PA, Supiot P, Foissac C, Maschke U. Dielectric Spectroscopy Analysis of Liquid Crystals Recovered from End-of-Life Liquid Crystal Displays. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102873. [PMID: 34066236 PMCID: PMC8150612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the dielectric properties of recycled liquid crystals (LCs) (non-purified, purified, and doped with diamond nanoparticles at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 wt%) were investigated. The studied LC mixtures were obtained from industrial recycling of end-of-life LC displays presenting mainly nematic phases. Dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature on a frequency range from 0.1 to 106 Hz using an impedance analyzer. The amplitude of the oscillating voltage was fixed at 1 V using cells with homogeneous and homeotropic alignments. Results show that the dielectric anisotropy of all purified samples presents positive values and decreases after the addition of diamond nanoparticles to the LC mixtures. DC conductivity values were obtained by applying the universal law of dielectric response proposed by Jonscher. In addition, conductivity of the doped LC mixtures is lower than that of the undoped and non-purified LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barrera
- CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207—UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.B.); (P.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Corinne Binet
- CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207—UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.B.); (P.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Frédéric Dubois
- UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59 379 Dunkerque, France;
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Hébert
- UR 4491, LISIC, Laboratoire d’Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d’Opale, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59 379 Dunkerque, France;
| | - Philippe Supiot
- CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207—UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.B.); (P.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Corinne Foissac
- CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207—UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.B.); (P.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207—UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.B.); (P.S.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-20-33-63-81
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26
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Lee D, Hsu MY, Tang YL, Liu SJ. Manufacture of Binary Nanofeatured Polymeric Films Using Nanosphere Lithography and Ultraviolet Roller Imprinting. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071669. [PMID: 33805269 PMCID: PMC8037049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the manufacture of binary nanostructured films utilizing nanosphere lithography and ultraviolet (UV) roller imprinting. To manufacture the binary nanofeatured template, polystyrene nanocolloids of two distinct dimensions (900 and 300 nm) were primarily self-assembly spun coated on a silicon substrate. A roller imprinting facility equipped with polydimethylsiloxane molds and ultraviolet radiation was employed. During the imprinting procedure, the roller was steered by a motor and compressed the ultraviolet-curable polymeric layer against the glass substrate, where the nanofeatured layer was cured by the UV light source. Binary nanofeatured films were thus obtained. The influence of distinct processing variables on the imprinting of nanofeatured films was investigated. The empirical data suggested that with appropriate processing conditions, binary nanofeatured plastic films can be satisfactorily manufactured. It also demonstrated that roller imprinting combined with ultraviolet radiation can offer an easy yet effective method to prepare binary nanofeatured films, with a miniatured processing time and enhanced part quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demei Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8166; Fax: +886-3-211-8558
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27
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Garbovskiy Y. Conventional and unconventional ionic phenomena in tunable soft materials made of liquid crystals and nanoparticles. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abe652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A great variety of tunable multifunctional materials can be produced by combining nanoparticles and liquid crystals. Typically, the tunability of such soft nanocomposites is achieved via external electric fields resulting in the field-induced reorientation of liquid crystals. This reorientation can be altered by ions normally present in liquid crystals in small quantities. In addition, nanomaterials dispersed in liquid crystals can also affect the behavior of ions. Therefore, an understanding of ionic phenomena in liquid crystals doped with nanoparticles is essential for future advances in liquid crystal-aided nanoscience and nanotechnology. This paper provides an overview of the ionic effects observed in liquid crystals doped with nanomaterials. An introduction to liquid crystals is followed by a brief overview of nanomaterials in liquid crystals. After giving a basic description of ions in liquid crystals and experimental methods to measure them, a wide range of ionic phenomena in liquid crystals doped with different types of nanomaterials is discussed. After that, both existing and emerging applications of tunable soft materials made of liquid crystals and nanodopants are presented with an emphasis on the role of ionic effects in such systems. Finally, the discussion of unsolved problems and future research directions completes the review.
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28
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Synthesis and characterization of new bent-core liquid crystal with a ferroelectric-like switching / modified magnetite nanocomposite. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Enhanced electrochemical and electro-optical properties of nematic liquid crystal doped with Ni:ZnCdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Eskalen H, Uruş S, Özgan Ş. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Mushrooms Like MWCNT/SiO2@ZnO Nanocomposite: Influence on Nematic Liquid Crystal E7 and Highly Effective Photocatalytic Activity in Degradation of Methyl Blue. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Enhanced charge carrier conduction and other characteristic parameters of hexagonal plastic columnar phase of a discotic liquid crystalline material due to functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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On the Analogy between Electrolytes and Ion-Generating Nanomaterials in Liquid Crystals. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030403. [PMID: 32106491 PMCID: PMC7152844 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials in liquid crystals are a hot topic of contemporary liquid crystal research. An understanding of the possible effects of nanodopants on the properties of liquid crystals is critical for the development of novel mesogenic materials with improved functionalities. This paper focuses on the electrical behavior of contaminated nanoparticles in liquid crystals. More specifically, an analogy between electrolytes and ion-generating nanomaterials in liquid crystals is established. The physical consequences of this analogy are analyzed. Under comparable conditions, the number of ions generated by nanomaterials in liquid crystals can be substantially greater than the number of ions generated by electrolytes of similar concentration.
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