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Yılmaz M, Ceyhan AA, Baytar O. Catalytic effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles from Lupinus Albus extract on green synthesis and photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue: kinetics and mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1970-1980. [PMID: 38949210 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2371914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanomaterials is advancing due to their ease of synthesis, cheapness, nontoxicity, and renewability. An environmentally friendly biogenic method has been developed for the green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using phytochemical-rich bioextract. They are rich in bioextract phenolics, flavonoids, and berberine. These phytochemicals successfully reduce and stabilize NiNO3 into NiO NPs. In this study, NiO NPs were synthesized by the green synthesis method from Lupinus Albus. Characterization of NiO NPs was carried out by TEM, XRD, SEM, UV, XRF, BET, and EDX analyses. According to XRD analysis, TEM results also support this, where the NiO NPs particle size diameter is 5 nm. It was determined by the Tauc equation that the band energy gap of NiO NPs is 1.69 eV. It was determined that the BET surface area of NiO NPs was 49.6 m2/g. NiO nanoparticles synthesized from Lupinus Albus extract by the green synthesis method were used as catalysts in the photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue with NaBH4. In the photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue with NaBH4, it was determined that there was no color change in 48 h without a catalyst, and in the presence of NiO nanoparticle catalyst, methylene blue was reduced by 97% in 8 min. The kinetics of the photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue with NaBH4 is a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the kinetic rate constant is determined as 0.66 min-1, indicating that the catalytic effect of NiO NPs is very high at this value. NiO NPs were used five times in the photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue with NaBH4 and it was determined that the reduction of methylene blue was over 90% in each use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Yılmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - A Abdullah Ceyhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Orhan Baytar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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Abd Ali AAkool W, Kashanian S, Hadidi S. Molecular interaction of antiviral drug penciclovir with DNA and HSA insights from experimental and docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38263739 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2303382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
One approach to accelerate the availability of new cancer drugs is to test drugs approved for other conditions as anticancer agents. During recent decades, penciclovir (PNV) has been frequently utilized as a potent antiviral drug, in particular against infections caused by herpes viruses. Many antivirals interact with DNA and change their expression level, so determining the binding mode is of great importance. In our laboratory, we have focused our attention to design improved drugs that target cellular DNA, to understand the mechanism of action at the molecular level, and also to investigate the effect of antiviral drugs as anticancer agents. The results of ct-DNA-PNV interactions at physiological pH using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and molecular modeling reveal this drug binds well to ct-DNA through groove binding. The circular dichroism measurements displayed that PNV caused a slight change in the DNA structure which affirmed that the binding of PNV with the DNA occurs through the groove mode. Besides, multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking were used to evaluate how PNV interacts with human serum albumin under physiological conditions. The findings of fluorescence quenching suggested that static quenching was involved in the spontaneous development of HSA-PNV complex through hydrophobic force. The docking simulation results validated the findings of spectroscopic techniques.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saba Hadidi
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Chormey DS, Zaman BT, Borahan Kustanto T, Erarpat Bodur S, Bodur S, Tekin Z, Nejati O, Bakırdere S. Biogenic synthesis of novel nanomaterials and their applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19423-19447. [PMID: 38018389 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03843b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the many benefits derived from the unique features and practicality of nanoparticles, the release of their toxic by-products or products from the synthesis stage into the environment could negatively impact natural resources and organisms. The physical and chemical methods for nanoparticle synthesis involve high energy consumption and the use of hazardous chemicals, respectively, going against the principles of green chemistry. Biological methods of synthesis that rely on extracts from a broad range of natural plants, and microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, algae, and yeast, have emerged as viable alternatives to the physical and chemical methods. Nanoparticles synthesized through biogenic pathways are particularly useful for biological applications that have high concerns about contamination. Herein, we review the physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle synthesis and present a detailed overview of the biogenic methods used for the synthesis of different nanoparticles. The major points discussed in this study are the following: (1) the fundamentals of the physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle syntheses, (2) the use of different biological precursors (microorganisms and plant extracts) to synthesize gold, silver, selenium, iron, and other metal nanoparticles, and (3) the applications of biogenic nanoparticles in diverse fields of study, including the environment, health, material science, and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dotse Selali Chormey
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Neutec Pharmaceutical, Yıldız Technical University Teknopark, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Buse Tuğba Zaman
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Tülay Borahan Kustanto
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Neutec Pharmaceutical, Yıldız Technical University Teknopark, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sezin Erarpat Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
- İstinye University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 34010 İstanbul, Türkiye
- İstinye University, Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, 34010 İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Tekin
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Neutec Pharmaceutical, Yıldız Technical University Teknopark, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Omid Nejati
- İstinye University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, 34010, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, 06670, Çankaya, 06670, Ankara, Türkiye
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4
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Panchal S, Sehrawat H, Sharma N, Chandra R. Biochemical interaction of human hemoglobin with ionic liquids of noscapinoids: Spectroscopic and computational approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124227. [PMID: 37003390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed noscapine based ionic liquids i.e., Noscapine (MeNOS) and 9-Bromonoscapine (MeBrNOS) as cation supported with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (NTf2-) as anion. We have reported the mechanism of binding interaction between noscapine based ILs and human hemoglobin (Hb) using various spectroscopic and computational techniques. The corresponding thermodynamics studies showed that the binding is exothermic in nature and major forces responsible for binding are Van der waals and hydrogen bonding interaction. The fluorescence spectra showed that the intensity of Hb decreases in the presence of [MeNOS]NTf2 and [MeBrNOS]NTf2 both shows static quenching. The secondary structural changes in Hb were observed and calculated by using CD spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies revealed that both the ILs show strong binding in β1 fragment of the tetrameric structure of Hb, but the binding of [MeNOS]NTf2 is relatively stronger than [MeBrNOS]NTf2 and the results are supported by MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Panchal
- Drug Discovery and Development Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hitesh Sehrawat
- Drug Discovery and Development Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Neera Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery and Development Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Dr B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Institute of Nanomedical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Vice-chancellor, Maharaja Surajmal Brij University, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 321201, India.
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5
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El-Khawaga AM, Zidan A, El-Mageed AIAA. Preparation methods of different nanomaterials for various potential applications: A Review. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Sharifi M, Farahani MK, Salehi M, Atashi A, Alizadeh M, Kheradmandi R, Molzemi S. Exploring the Physicochemical, Electroactive, and Biodelivery Properties of Metal Nanoparticles on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:106-138. [PMID: 36545927 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in the regeneration/rehabilitation field of damaged tissues, the functional recovery of peripheral nerves (PNs), especially in a long gap injury, is considered a great medical challenge. Recent progress in nanomedicine has provided great hope for PN regeneration through the strategy of controlling cell behavior by metal nanoparticles individually or loaded on scaffolds/conduits. Despite the confirmed toxicity of metal nanoparticles due to long-term accumulation in nontarget tissues, they play a role in the damaged PN regeneration based on the topography modification of scaffolds/conduits, enhancing neurotrophic factor secretion, the ion flow improvement, and the regulation of electrical signals. Determining the fate of neural progenitor cells would be a major achievement in PN regeneration, which seems to be achievable by metal nanoparticles through altering cell vital approaches and controlling their functions. Therefore, in this literature, an attempt was made to provide an overview of the effective activities of metal nanoparticles on the PN regeneration, until the vital clues of the PN regeneration and how they are changed by metal nanoparticles are revealed to the researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalabadi Farahani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Rasoul Kheradmandi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Sahar Molzemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
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Sapmaz H, Erkmen C, Kabır MZ, Tayyab H, Mohamad SB, Uslu B. Spectrofluorometric and computational approaches for the interaction studies of aclonifen and bifenox with human serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121772. [PMID: 36030670 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of two broadly used herbicides, aclonifen (ACF) and bifenox (BIF) with the major transporter in human circulation, human serum albumin (HSA) were examined using fluorescence and absorption spectral measurements combined with in silico analyses. Assessment of the fluorescence and absorption spectral results affirmed the complexation between ACF/BIF and HSA. Increase in the KSV value with temperature characterized the ACF/BIF-induced quenching of the protein fluorescence as dynamic quenching. The moderate binding affinities (Kf = 1.74×104 - 1.95×106 M-1 for ACF-HSA complex; Kf = 2.00×103 - 1.02×106 M-1 for BIF-HSA complex) were pointed out between ACF/BIF and HSA, showing a relatively higher binding constant values with increasing temperatures. Quantitative evaluation of thermodynamic data (ΔS = +0.86 kJ mol-1 K-1 and ΔH = +225.43 kJ mol-1 for ACF-HSA complex; ΔS = +1.11 kJ mol-1 K-1 and ΔH = +304.63 kJ mol-1 for BIF-HSA complex) predicted the contribution of hydrophobic interactions in the ACF-HSA and BIF-HSA association processes, which were well supported by our molecular docking results. In silico analyses were made to acquire insight details into the ACF and BIF binding to HSA at the binding sites and suggested the locations of ACF and BIF binding sites as both subdomain IIA (site I) and subdomain IIIA (site II) of HSA, showing more preference toward site I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Sapmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, The Graduate School of Health Sciences, Forensic Pharmacy, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Erkmen
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Md Zahirul Kabır
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hafsa Tayyab
- Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saharuddin B Mohamad
- Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics for Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
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8
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Abid N, Khan AM, Shujait S, Chaudhary K, Ikram M, Imran M, Haider J, Khan M, Khan Q, Maqbool M. Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102597. [PMID: 34979471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the dominant factors in the use of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields is the synthesis and growth mechanism of nanostructures and nanomaterials. A nanostructured material may have been a good candidate in one application but could be more useful in a different application if synthesized by a different mechanism and technique. Similarly, the structure and morphology of a nanomaterial also depend upon the method of growth and synthesis. For example, it is easy to grow and synthesize amorphous nanostructured thin film using the plasma magnetron sputtering technique, but it may be difficult to obtain a similar structure using the thermal evaporation process due to the nature of the technique itself. In this study, the Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials are reviewed, compared, and analyzed. Both approaches are critically analyzed, and the influencing factors on the synthesis of different nanomaterials, the advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are reported. This review also provides a step-by-step analysis of the choice of method for the synthesis of namomaterials for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Abid
- Physics Department, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aqib Muhammad Khan
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University, 14 Ali Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shujait
- Physics Department, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kainat Chaudhary
- Physics Department, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Application Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Engineering Centre for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Maaz Khan
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Khan
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Muhammad Maqbool
- Department of Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Health Physics Program, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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Nickel oxide nanoparticles increase α-synuclein amyloid formation and relevant overexpression of inflammatory mediators in microglia as a marker of Parkinson's disease. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Ahmadabad LE, Kalantari FS, Liu H, Hasan A, Gamasaee NA, Edis Z, Attar F, Ale-Ebrahim M, Rouhollah F, Babadaei MMN, Sharifi M, Shahpasand K, Akhtari K, Falahati M, Cai Y. Hydrothermal method-based synthesized tin oxide nanoparticles: Albumin binding and antiproliferative activity against K562 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111649. [PMID: 33321685 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nanoparticles with protein and cells may provide important information regarding their biomedical implementations. Herein, after synthesis of tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles by hydrothermal method, their interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated by multispectroscopic and molecular docking (MD) approaches. Furthermore, the selective antiproliferative impact of SnO2 nanoparticles against leukemia K562 cells was assessed by different cellular assays, whereas lymphocytes were used as control cells. TEM, DLS, zeta potential and XRD techniques showed that crystalline SnO2 nanoparticles have a size of less than 50 nm with a good colloidal stability. Fluorescence and CD spectroscopy analysis indicated that the HSA undergoes some slight conformational changes after interaction with SnO2 nanoparticles, whereas the secondary structure of HSA remains intact. Moreover, MD outcomes revealed that the charged residues of HSA preferentially bind to SnO2 nanoclusters in the binding pocket. Antiproliferative examinations displayed that SnO2 nanoparticles can selectively cause the mortality of K562 cells through induction of cell membrane leakage, activation of caspase-9, -8, -3, down regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA, the elevation of ROS level, S phase arrest, and apoptosis. In conclusion, this data may indicate that SnO2 nanoparticles can be used as promising particles to be integrated into therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ebrahimi Ahmadabad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Samia Kalantari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Niusha Abbasi Gamasaee
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zehra Edis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Food Toxicology, Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ale-Ebrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi Babadaei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (RI-SCBT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Akhtari
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Cancer Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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