Experimental and DFT theoretical study for understanding the adsorption mechanism of toxic dye onto innovative material Fb-HAp based on fishbone powder

Removal of food dyes using biological materials via adsorption: A review

It is alarming that synthetic food dyes (FD) are widely used in various industries and that these facilities discharge their wastewater into the environment without treating it. FDs mixed into industrial wastewater pose a threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, removing FDs from wastewater is very important. This review explores the burgeoning field of FD removal from wastewater through adsorption using biological materials (BMs). By synthesizing a wealth of research findings, this comprehensive review elucidates the diverse array of BMs employed, ranging from algae and fungi to agricultural residues and microbial biomass. Furthermore, this review investigates challenges in practical applications, such as process optimization and scalability, offering insights into bridging the gap between laboratory successes and real-world implementations. Harnessing the remarkable adsorptive potential of BMs, this review presents a roadmap toward transformative solutions for FD removal, promising cleaner and safer production practices in the food and beverage industry.

High efficiency of treated-phengite clay by sodium hydroxide for the Congo red dye adsorption: Optimization, cost estimation, and mechanism study

Wastewater textile dye treatment is a challenge that requires the development of eco-friendly technology to avoid the alarming problems associated with water scarcity and health-environment. This study investigated the potential of phengite clay as naturally low-cost abundant clay from Tamgroute, Morocco (TMG) that was activated with a 0.1 M NaOH base (TMGB) after calcination at 850 °C for 3 h (TMGC) before its application in the Congo red (CR) anionic dye from the aqueous solution. The effect of various key operational parameters: adsorbent dose, contact time, dye concentration, pH, temperature, and the effect of salts, was studied by a series of adsorption experiments in a batch system, which affected the adsorption performance of TMG, TMGC, and TMGB for CR dye removal. In addition, the properties of adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were also studied. Experimental results showed that optimal adsorption occurred at an acidic pH. At a CR concentration of 100 mg L-1, equilibrium elimination rates were 68%, 38%, and 92% for TMG, TMGC, and TMGB, respectively. The adsorption process is rapid, follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, and is best described by a Temkin and Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of CR onto TMGB is endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental values of CR adsorption on TMGB are consistent with the predictions of the response surface methodology. These led to a maximum removal rate of 99.97% under the following conditions: pH = 2, TMGB dose of 7 g L-1, and CR concentration of 50 mg L-1. The adsorbent TMGB's relatively low preparation cost of around $2.629 g-1 and its ability to regenerate in more than 6 thermal calcination cycles with a CR removal rate of around 56.98%, stimulate its use for textile effluent treatment on a pilot industrial scale.

Advanced applications of hydroxyapatite nanocomposite materials for heavy metals and organic pollutants removal by adsorption and photocatalytic degradation: A review

This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of scientific exploration, focusing on hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites (HANCs) and their transformative role in the adsorption of heavy metals (HMs) and organic pollutants (OPs). Nanoscale properties, including high surface area and porous structure, contribute to the enhanced adsorption capabilities of HANCs. The nanocomposites' reactive sites facilitate efficient contaminant interactions, resulting in improved kinetics and capacities. HANCs exhibit selective adsorption properties, showcasing the ability to discriminate between different contaminants. The eco-friendly synthesis methods and potential for recyclability position the HANCs as environmentally friendly solutions for adsorption processes. The review acknowledges the dynamic nature of the field, which is characterized by continuous innovation and a robust focus on ongoing research endeavors. The paper highlights the HANCs' selective adsorption capabilities of various HMs and OPs through various interactions, including hydrogen and electrostatic bonding. These materials are also used for aquatic pollutants' photocatalytic degradation, where reactive hydroxyl radicals are generated to oxidize organic pollutants quickly. Future perspectives explore novel compositions, fabrication methods, and applications, driving the evolution of HANCs for improved adsorption performance. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the state-of-the-art HANCs, offering insights into their diverse applications, sustainability aspects, and pivotal role in advancing adsorption technologies for HMs and OPs.

Efficient removal of heavy metal and antibiotics from wastewater by phosphate-modified hydrochar

The preparation, characterization and adsorption performance of the phosphate-modified hydrochar (P-hydrochar) for Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin removal are investigated. Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin adsorption behavior fit well with the Hill model with the adsorption capacity of 119.61 and 98.38 mg/g, respectively. Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin adsorption kinetic process are accurately described by the Pseudo-second-order. Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin have synergy in the binary contaminant system, which reveals that Pb(II) adsorption amount is augmented. While ciprofloxacin adsorption amount is also augmented at low Pb(II) concentration and hindered at high Pb(II) concentration. Pb(II) adsorption mechanisms on P-hydrochar (e.g. precipitation, π-π interaction and complexation) are different from the ciprofloxacin (e.g. hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic attraction). Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin adsorption process are further analyzed by the density functional theory. The coexisted ions have little influenced on Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin adsorption. P-hydrochar still has large Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity after five cycles. This result indicates that poplar sawdust waste can be converted into an efficient adsorbent to remove Pb(II) and ciprofloxacin from wastewater,.

Nano-crystallite bones of Oreochromis niloticus and Katsuwonus pelamis for the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye

The bones of two fish species, Oreochromis niloticus and Katsuwonus pelamis, were chosen in this research for evaluating their photocatalytic efficacy under solar radiation. The fish bones were isolated and conditioned before analyzing crystallographic parameters. The samples were characterized by using different instrumental techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FESEM), and optical bandgap. From the XRD data, various types of crystallographic information such as crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameters, dislocation density, degree of crystallinity, crystallinity index, Hydroxylapatite (HAp), the volume fraction of β-TCP, β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) percentage, and specific surface area were evaluated. Different model equations such as the Sahadat-Scherrer model, Linear Straight-line model, Monshi-Scherrer's method, and Williamson-Hall plot were employed to justify the nano-crystallite size. The photocatalytic efficacy of the two types of samples was explored by changing the catalyst concentration, dye concentration, interaction time, pH of the solution, etc. under solar irradiation.