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Zeng Q, Liu Y, Wu L, Yu S, Sun W, He J, Yang J, Zhou H. A rare case presenting as bilateral symmetrical white striae with erosion of the oral mucosa. Oral Dis 2024; 30:67-69. [PMID: 36437612 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanyan Wu
- Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Dong Y, Wang T, Wu H. Tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1322035. [PMID: 38259436 PMCID: PMC10800951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1322035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized lymphoid-like aggregations in non-lymphoid tissues. Tissues with chronic and persistent inflammation infiltration may drive and form ectopic germinal center-like structures, which are very common in autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, and tumor microenvironments. However, the mechanisms governing the formation of TLSs are still being explored. At present, it is not clear whether the formation of TLSs is associated with local uncontrolled immune inflammatory responses. While TLSs suggest a good prognosis in tumors, the opposite is true in autoimmune diseases. This review article will discuss the current views on initiating and maintaining TLSs and the potential therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Sato Y, Silina K, van den Broek M, Hirahara K, Yanagita M. The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z. [PMID: 37046081 PMCID: PMC10092939 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, TLSs lack capsules and have their own unique characteristics and functions. The presumed influence of TLSs on the disease course has led to widespread interest in obtaining a better understanding of their biology and function. Studies using single-cell analyses have suggested heterogeneity in TLS composition and phenotype, and consequently, functional correlates with disease progression are sometimes conflicting. The presence of TLSs correlates with a favourable disease course in cancer and infection. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases including chronic kidney disease, the presence of TLSs is associated with a more severe disease course. However, the detailed mechanisms that underlie these clinical associations are not fully understood. To what extent the mechanisms of TLS development and maturation are shared across organs and diseases is also still obscure. Improved understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular levels may enable the exploitation of these structures to improve therapies for chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Huang Y, Ba X, Han L, Wang H, Lin W, Chen Z, Tu S. T peripheral helper cells in autoimmune diseases: What do we know? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145573. [PMID: 37077922 PMCID: PMC10106688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between T cells and B cells are essential for antibody responses and the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, a distinct subset of T cells capable of helping B cells was established in synovial fluid, and they were termed peripheral helper T (Tph) cells. PD-1hiCXCR5−CD4+ Tph cells express high levels of CXCL13, which drives the formation of lymphoid aggregates and tertiary lymphoid structures, ultimately facilitating the local production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Tph and T follicular helper cells share some key features but can be distinguished by their surface markers, transcriptional regulation, and migration capability. We summarize recent findings on Tph cells in this review and provide a perspective on their potential roles in a range of autoimmune diseases. More clinical and in-depth mechanistic investigations of Tph cells may help to improve the understanding of pathogenesis and further provide novel therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Chen, ; Shenghao Tu,
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Chen, ; Shenghao Tu,
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5
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Sato Y, Tamura M, Yanagita M. Tertiary lymphoid tissues: a regional hub for kidney inflammation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:26-33. [PMID: 34245300 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are inducible ectopic lymphoid tissues that develop at sites of chronic inflammation in nonlymphoid organs. As with lymph nodes, TLTs initiate adaptive immune responses and coordinate local tissue immunity. Although virtually ignored for decades, TLTs have recently received a great deal of attention for their ability to influence disease severity, prognosis and response to therapy in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders and infections. TLTs are also induced in kidneys of patients with chronic kidney diseases such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Nevertheless, TLTs in the kidney have not been extensively investigated and their mechanism of development, functions and clinical relevance remain unknown, mainly because of the absence of adequate murine kidney TLT models and limited availability of human kidney samples containing TLTs. We recently found that aged kidneys, but not young kidneys, exhibit multiple TLTs after injury. Interestingly, although they are a minor component of TLTs, resident fibroblasts in the kidneys diversify into several distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in TLT formation. Furthermore, the potential of TLTs as a novel kidney injury/inflammation marker as well as a novel therapeutic target for kidney diseases is also suggested. In this review article we describe the current understanding of TLTs with a focus on age-dependent TLTs in the kidney and discuss their potential as a novel therapeutic target and kidney inflammation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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The Role of Decorin in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1283383. [PMID: 36033387 PMCID: PMC9402370 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1283383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decorin is an extracellular matrix protein that belongs to the family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans. As a matrix protein, the first discovered role of decorin is participating in collagen fibril formation. Many other functions of decorin in various biological processes have been subsequently identified. Decorin is involved in an extensive signaling network and can interact with other extracellular matrix components, growth factors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and various proteases. Decorin has been shown to be involved in wound repair, cell cycle, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and autophagy. Recent evidence indicates that it also plays a role in immune regulation and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of decorin in immune and inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), IgA nephropathy, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and discusses the potential role in these disorders.
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7
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Kubota T, Iwakoshi A. Clinical heterogeneity between two subgroups of patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:bmjophth-2022-001005. [PMID: 36161858 PMCID: PMC9171215 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is a group of orbital inflammatory diseases of unknown etiopathogenesis. We investigated whether patients with IOI have clinical heterogeneity based on the presence (typical group) or absence (atypical group) of a unique onset that periocular inflammatory symptoms emerge suddenly but progress slowly. Methods and analysis This retrospective cohort study included 195 patients diagnosed with IOI. We analysed the clinical data of patients, including the outcomes of corticosteroid treatment, in two subgroups stratified on the basis of the presence (130 patients) or absence (65 patients) of the unique onset. Results Patients in the typical group were significantly younger at disease onset than those in the atypical group (median age; 52 vs 65 years, p=0.002); had more ocular adnexa-specific lesions, namely, dacryoadenitis, myositis, scleritis and optic perineuritis (78% vs 45%, p=0.00001); and had significantly fewer associations with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (4% vs 15%, p=0.004). Among 30/119 patients (25%) who were steroid refractory in the typical group, a long period of time from symptom onset to initiation of treatment was a significant steroid-refractory risk factor (OR: 16.7), whereas, among the 18/40 patients (45%) who were steroid refractory in the atypical group, intraconal diffuse lesions were a significant steroid-refractory risk factor (OR: 8.8). Conclusion This cohort study suggests clinical heterogeneity between the two subgroups of patients with IOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akari Iwakoshi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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8
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May be adenosine an immuno-quorum-sensing signal? Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:205-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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9
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Czepielewski RS, Erlich EC, Onufer EJ, Young S, Saunders BT, Han YH, Wohltmann M, Wang PL, Kim KW, Kumar S, Hsieh CS, Scallan JP, Yang Y, Zinselmeyer BH, Davis MJ, Randolph GJ. Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor. Immunity 2021; 54:2795-2811.e9. [PMID: 34788601 PMCID: PMC8678349 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangitis and the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the mesentery are features of Crohn's disease. Here, we examined the genesis of these TLOs and their impact on disease progression. Whole-mount and intravital imaging of the ileum and ileum-draining collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) draining to mesenteric lymph nodes from TNFΔARE mice, a model of ileitis, revealed TLO formation at valves of CLVs. TLOs obstructed cellular and molecular outflow from the gut and were sites of lymph leakage and backflow. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization begun at early stages of TLO formation restored lymph transport. However, robustly developed, chronic TLOs resisted regression and restoration of flow after TNF neutralization. TNF stimulation of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells reprogrammed responses to oscillatory shear stress, preventing the induction of valve-associated genes. Disrupted transport of immune cells, driven by loss of valve integrity and TLO formation, may contribute to the pathology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Czepielewski
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma C Erlich
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Wohltmann
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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10
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Sato Y, Oguchi A, Fukushima Y, Masuda K, Toriu N, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T, Cui X, Kondo M, Hosoi T, Komidori S, Shimizu Y, Fujita H, Jiang L, Kong Y, Yamanashi T, Seita J, Yamamoto T, Toyokuni S, Hamazaki Y, Hattori M, Yoshikai Y, Boor P, Floege J, Kawamoto H, Murakawa Y, Minato N, Yanagita M. CD153-CD30 signaling promotes age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissue expansion and kidney injury. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:146071. [PMID: 34813503 PMCID: PMC8759786 DOI: 10.1172/jci146071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) facilitate local T and B cell interactions in chronically inflamed organs. However, the cells and molecular pathways that govern TLT formation are poorly defined. Here, we identified TNF superfamily CD153/CD30 signaling between 2 unique age-dependent lymphocyte subpopulations, CD153+PD-1+CD4+ senescence-associated T (SAT) cells and CD30+T-bet+ age-associated B cells (ABCs), as a driver for TLT expansion. SAT cells, which produced ABC-inducing factors IL-21 and IFN-γ, and ABCs progressively accumulated within TLTs in aged kidneys after injury. Notably, in kidney injury models, CD153 or CD30 deficiency impaired functional SAT cell induction, which resulted in reduced ABC numbers and attenuated TLT formation with improved inflammation, fibrosis, and renal function. Attenuated TLT formation after transplantation of CD153-deficient bone marrow further supported the importance of CD153 in immune cells. Clonal analysis revealed that SAT cells and ABCs in the kidneys arose from both local differentiation and recruitment from the spleen. In the synovium of aged rheumatoid arthritis patients, T peripheral helper/T follicular helper cells and ABCs also expressed CD153 and CD30, respectively. Together, our data reveal a previously unappreciated function of CD153/CD30 signaling in TLT formation and propose targeting the CD153/CD30 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for slowing kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Oguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Fukushima
- Department of Immunosenescence, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masuda
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Toriu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Kondo
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hosoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Komidori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harumi Fujita
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Jun Seita
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Hamazaki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hattori
- Department of Immunosenescence, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Network Center for Infectious Disease, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Mustapha R, Ng K, Monypenny J, Ng T. Insights Into Unveiling a Potential Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:661516. [PMID: 34568423 PMCID: PMC8455920 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.661516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) develop in non-lymphatic tissue in chronic inflammation and cancer. TLS can mature to lymph node (LN) like structures with germinal centers and associated vasculature. TLS neogenesis in cancer is highly varied and tissue dependent. The role of TLS in adaptive antitumor immunity is of great interest. However, data also show that TLS can play a role in cancer metastasis. The importance of lymphatics in cancer distant metastasis is clear yet the precise detail of how various immunosurveillance mechanisms interplay within TLS and/or draining LN is still under investigation. As part of the tumor lymphatics, TLS vasculature can provide alternative routes for the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche and cancer dissemination. The nature of the cytokine and chemokine signature at the heart of TLS induction can be key in determining the success of antitumor immunity or in promoting cancer invasiveness. Understanding the biochemical and biomechanical factors underlying TLS formation and the resulting impact on the primary tumor will be key in deciphering cancer metastasis and in the development of the next generation of cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Mustapha
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK King’s Health Partners Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenrick Ng
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Monypenny
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK King’s Health Partners Centre, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Negron A, Stüve O, Forsthuber TG. Ectopic Lymphoid Follicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Centers for Disease Control? Front Neurol 2020; 11:607766. [PMID: 33363512 PMCID: PMC7753025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.607766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the contribution of autoreactive CD4+ T cells to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is widely accepted, the advent of B cell-depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies has shed new light on the complex cellular mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis. Evidence supports the involvement of B cells in both antibody-dependent and -independent capacities. T cell-dependent B cell responses originate and take shape in germinal centers (GCs), specialized microenvironments that regulate B cell activation and subsequent differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) or memory B cells, a process for which CD4+ T cells, namely follicular T helper (TFH) cells, are indispensable. ASCs carry out their effector function primarily via secreted Ig but also through the secretion of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Memory B cells, in addition to being capable of rapidly differentiating into ASCs, can function as potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cognate memory CD4+ T cells. Aberrant B cell responses are prevented, at least in part, by follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, which are key suppressors of GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses through the expression of inhibitory receptors and cytokines, such as CTLA4 and IL-10, respectively. Therefore, GCs represent a critical site of peripheral B cell tolerance, and their dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In MS patients, the presence of GC-like leptomeningeal ectopic lymphoid follicles (eLFs) has prompted their investigation as potential sources of pathogenic B and T cell responses. This hypothesis is supported by elevated levels of CXCL13 and circulating TFH cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients, both of which are required to initiate and maintain GC reactions. Additionally, eLFs in post-mortem MS patient samples are notably devoid of TFR cells. The ability of GCs to generate and perpetuate, but also regulate autoreactive B and T cell responses driving MS pathology makes them an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will summarize the evidence from both humans and animal models supporting B cells as drivers of MS, the role of GC-like eLFs in the pathogenesis of MS, and mechanisms controlling GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Negron
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Neurology Section, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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