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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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Li X, Hou Z, Meng S, Jia Q, Xing S, Wang Z, Chen M, Xu H, Li M, Cai H. LncRNA BlncAD1 Modulates Bovine Adipogenesis by Binding to MYH10, PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway, and miR-27a-5p/CDK6 Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11094-11110. [PMID: 38661523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Research on adipogenesis will help to improve the meat quality of livestock. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in mammalian adipogenesis as epigenetic modulators. In this study, we analyzed lncRNA expression during bovine adipogenesis and detected 195 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including lncRNA BlncAD1, which was significantly upregulated in mature bovine adipocytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments confirmed that BlncAD1 promoted the proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. RNA pull-down revealed that the nonmuscle myosin 10 (MYH10) is a potential binding protein of BlncAD1. Then, we elucidated that loss of BlncAD1 caused increased ubiquitination of MYH10, which confirmed that BlncAD1 regulates adipogenesis by enhancing the stability of the MYH10 protein. Western blotting was used to demonstrate that BlncAD1 activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that BlncAD1 competitively absorbed miR-27a-5p. The overexpression and interference of miR-27a-5p in bovine preadipocytes displayed that miR-27a-5p inhibited proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Further results suggested that miR-27a-5p targeted the CDK6 gene and that BlncAD1 controlled the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes by modulating the miR-27a-5p/CDK6 axis. This study revealed the complex mechanisms of BlncAD1 underlying bovine adipogenesis for the first time, which would provide useful information for genetics and breeding improvement of Chinese beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhongyi Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shengbo Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qihui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhitong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengjuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hanfang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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3
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Li S, Zou T, Chen J, Li J, You J. Fibroblast growth factor 21: An emerging pleiotropic regulator of lipid metabolism and the metabolic network. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101064. [PMID: 38292170 PMCID: PMC10825286 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was originally identified as an important metabolic regulator which plays a crucial physiological role in regulating a variety of metabolic parameters through the metabolic network. As a novel multifunctional endocrine growth factor, the role of FGF21 in the metabolic network warrants extensive exploration. This insight was obtained from the observation that the FGF21-dependent mechanism that regulates lipid metabolism, glycogen transformation, and biological effectiveness occurs through the coordinated participation of the liver, adipose tissue, central nervous system, and sympathetic nerves. This review focuses on the role of FGF21-uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) signaling in lipid metabolism and how FGF21 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Additionally, this review reveals the mechanism by which FGF21 governs glucolipid metabolism. Recent research on the role of FGF21 in the metabolic network has mostly focused on the crucial pathway of glucolipid metabolism. FGF21 has been shown to have multiple regulatory roles in the metabolic network. Since an adequate understanding of the concrete regulatory pathways of FGF21 in the metabolic network has not been attained, this review sheds new light on the metabolic mechanisms of FGF21, explores how FGF21 engages different tissues and organs, and lays a theoretical foundation for future in-depth research on FGF21-targeted treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
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4
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Chu Y, Gui S, Zheng Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen X. The natural compounds, Magnolol or Honokiol, promote adipose tissue browning and resist obesity through modulating PPARα/γ activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176438. [PMID: 38402928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with the body's energy metabolism. A potential strategy to regulate energy metabolism, combat obesity, and reduce NAFLD is by enhancing adipocyte thermogenesis and increasing energy expenditure. In this study, our objective was to examine the effects of phenolic extracts derived from Magnolia officinalis on the regulation of NAFLD. Specifically, we investigated the impact of Magnolol or Honokiol treatment on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL6/J male mice. Firstly, we monitored energy metabolism, dissected tissues, and analyzed tissue sections. Additionally, we conducted experiments on HepG2 and primary adipocytes to gain insights into the roles of Magnolol or Honokiol. To further understand the effects of these compounds on related signaling pathways and marker genes, we performed molecular docking, dual-luciferase assays, and interfered with target genes. Our findings revealed that Magnolol or Honokiol activate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling pathway, leading to the alleviation of NAFLD. This activation promotes fatty acid oxidation, reduces lipogenesis, and enhances the expression and secretion of FGF21. Notably, Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), secreted by the liver, plays a crucial role in improving communication between the liver and adipocytes while also promoting the browning of adipose tissue. Additionally, Magnolol or Honokiol activate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway, resulting in increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression, heightened heat production in adipose tissue, and anti-obesity. Therefore, Magnolol or Honokiol alleviate NAFLD, promote adipose tissue browning and resist obesity through dual activation of PPARα/γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sisi Gui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yazhen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Ghesmati Z, Rashid M, Fayezi S, Gieseler F, Alizadeh E, Darabi M. An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:279-308. [PMID: 38051471 PMCID: PMC10942928 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicles or as soluble signaling molecules that play autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. A greater understanding of the adipocyte secretome is essential for identifying novel molecular targets in treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles in regulating adipose tissue differentiation and function, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders. The browning of WAT has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. Finally, the potential of WAT browning in treating obesity and atherosclerosis, the relationship of BAT with cancer and fertility disorders, and the crosstalk between adipose tissue with circadian system and circadian disorders are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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6
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Ohene-Marfo P, Nguyen HVM, Mohammed S, Thadathil N, Tran A, Nicklas EH, Wang D, Selvarani R, Farriester JW, Varshney R, Kinter M, Richardson A, Rudolph MC, Deepa SS. Non-Necroptotic Roles of MLKL in Diet-Induced Obesity, Liver Pathology, and Insulin Sensitivity: Insights from a High-Fat, High-Fructose, High-Cholesterol Diet Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2813. [PMID: 38474061 PMCID: PMC10931720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key player in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) progression. Necroptosis, an inflammatory cell death pathway, is elevated in MAFLD patients and mouse models, yet its role is unclear due to the diverse mouse models and inhibition strategies. In our study, we inhibited necroptosis by targeting mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), the terminal effector of necroptosis, in a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol (HFHFrHC) mouse model of diet-induced MAFLD. Despite the HFHFrHC diet upregulating MLKL (2.5-fold), WT mice livers showed no increase in necroptosis markers or associated proinflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, Mlkl-/- mice experienced exacerbated liver inflammation without protection from diet-induced liver damage, steatosis, or fibrosis. In contrast, Mlkl+/- mice showed a significant reduction in these parameters that was associated with elevated Pparα and Pparγ levels. Both Mlkl-/- and Mlkl+/- mice on the HFHFrHC diet resisted diet-induced obesity, attributed to the increased beiging, enhanced oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure due to adipose tissue, and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity. These findings highlight the tissue-specific effects of MLKL on the liver and adipose tissue, and they suggest a dose-dependent effect of MLKL on liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Ohene-Marfo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Hoang Van M. Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Sabira Mohammed
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Albert Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Evan H. Nicklas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Ramasamy Selvarani
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Jacob W. Farriester
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rohan Varshney
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience & Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sathyaseelan S. Deepa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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Manoli I, Sysol JR, Head PE, Epping MW, Gavrilova O, Crocker MK, Sloan JL, Koutsoukos SA, Wang C, Ktena YP, Mendelson S, Pass AR, Zerfas PM, Hoffmann V, Vernon HJ, Fletcher LA, Reynolds JC, Tsokos MG, Stratakis CA, Voss SD, Chen KY, Brown RJ, Hamosh A, Berry GT, Chen XS, Yanovski JA, Venditti CP. Lipodystrophy in methylmalonic acidemia associated with elevated FGF21 and abnormal methylmalonylation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174097. [PMID: 38271099 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A distinct adipose tissue distribution pattern was observed in patients with methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency, an inborn error of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, characterized by centripetal obesity with proximal upper and lower extremity fat deposition and paucity of visceral fat, that resembles familial multiple lipomatosis syndrome. To explore brown and white fat physiology in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), body composition, adipokines, and inflammatory markers were assessed in 46 patients with MMA and 99 matched controls. Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels were associated with acyl-CoA accretion, aberrant methylmalonylation in adipose tissue, and an attenuated inflammatory cytokine profile. In parallel, brown and white fat were examined in a liver-specific transgenic MMA mouse model (Mmut-/- TgINS-Alb-Mmut). The MMA mice exhibited abnormal nonshivering thermogenesis with whitened brown fat and had an ineffective transcriptional response to cold stress. Treatment of the MMA mice with bezafibrates led to clinical improvement with beiging of subcutaneous fat depots, which resembled the distribution seen in the patients. These studies defined what we believe to be a novel lipodystrophy phenotype in patients with defects in the terminal steps of BCAA oxidation and demonstrated that beiging of subcutaneous adipose tissue in MMA could readily be induced with small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Manoli
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | | | | | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Melissa K Crocker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; and
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | | | - Cindy Wang
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Yiouli P Ktena
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Sophia Mendelson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; and
| | - Alexandra R Pass
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura A Fletcher
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | | | - Maria G Tsokos
- Ultrastructural Pathology Section, Center for Cancer Research; and
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephan D Voss
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - Ada Hamosh
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Shawn Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; and
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8
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Ohene-Marfo P, Nguyen HVM, Mohammed S, Thadathil N, Tran A, Nicklas EH, Wang D, Selvarani R, Farriester J, Varshney R, Kinter M, Richardson A, Rudolph M, Deepa SS. Non-Necroptotic Roles of MLKL in Diet-Induced Obesity, Liver Pathology, and Insulin Sensitivity: Insights from a High Fat, High Fructose, High Cholesterol Diet Mouse Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575102. [PMID: 38260537 PMCID: PMC10802562 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key player in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) progression. Necroptosis, an inflammatory cell death pathway, is elevated in MAFLD patients and mouse models, yet its role is unclear due to diverse mouse models and inhibition strategies. In our study, we inhibited necroptosis by targeting mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL), the terminal effector of necroptosis, in a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol (HFHFrHC) mouse model of diet-induced MAFLD mouse model. Despite HFHFrHC diet upregulating MLKL (2.5-fold), WT mice livers showed no increase in necroptosis markers or associated proinflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, Mlkl -/- mice experienced exacerbated liver inflammation without protection from diet-induced liver damage, steatosis, or fibrosis. In contrast, Mlkl +/- mice showed significant reduction in these parameters that was associated with elevated Pparα and Pparγ levels. Both Mlkl -/- and Mlkl +/- mice on HFHFrHC diet resisted diet-induced obesity, attributed to increased beiging, enhanced oxygen consumption and energy expenditure due to adipose tissue, and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity. These findings highlight the tissue specific effects of MLKL on the liver and adipose tissue, and suggest a dose-dependent effect of MLKL on liver pathology.
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9
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Miranda CS, Silva-Veiga FM, Santana-Oliveira DA, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Daleprane JB, Souza-Mello V. PPARα/γ synergism activates UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenesis and improves mitochondrial dynamics in the beige adipocytes of high-fat fed mice. Nutrition 2024; 117:112253. [PMID: 37944411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation (single PPARα or PPARγ, and dual PPARα/γ) on UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenic pathways and mitochondrial metabolism in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice received either a control diet (10% lipids) or a high-fat diet (HF; 50% lipids) for 12 wk. The HF group was divided to receive the treatments for 4 wk: HFγ (pioglitazone, 10 mg/kg), HFα (WY-14643, 3.5 mg/kg), and HFα/γ (tesaglitazar, 4 mg/kg). RESULTS The HF group was overweight, insulin resistant, and had subcutaneous white adipocyte dysfunction. Treatment with PPARα and PPARα/γ reduced body mass, mitigated insulin resistance, and induced browning with increased UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenesis activation and improved mitochondrial metabolism to support the beige adipocyte phenotype. CONCLUSION PPARα and dual PPARα/γ activation recruited UCP1+ beige adipocytes and favored UCP1-independent thermogenesis, yielding body mass and insulin sensitivity normalization. Preserved mitochondrial metabolism emerges as a potential target for obesity treatment using PPAR agonists, with possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics (LEING), Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Spezani R, Marcondes-de-Castro IA, Marinho TS, Reis-Barbosa PH, Cardoso LEM, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Cotadutide improves brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in obese mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115852. [PMID: 37832793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of cotadutide, a dual agonist glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)/Glucagon, on interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) remodeling and thermogenesis of obese mice. Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (C group, n = 20) or a high-fat diet (HF group, n = 20) for ten weeks. Then, animals were redivided, adding cotadutide treatment: C, CC, HF, and HFC for four additional weeks. The multilocular brown adipocyte structure showed fat conversion (whitening), hypertrophy, and structural disarray in the HF group, which was reverted in cotadutide-treated animals. Cotadutide enhances the body temperature, thermogenesis, and sympathetic innervation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, β3 adrenergic receptor, interleukin 6, and uncoupled protein 1), reduces pro-inflammatory markers (disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain, morphogenetic protein 8a, and neuregulin 4), and improves angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor A, and perlecan). In addition, cotadutide enhances lipolysis (perilipin and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α), mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor 1, transcription factor A mitochondrial, mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α), and mitochondrial fusion/fission (dynamin-related protein 1, mitochondrial fission protein 1, and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase). Cotadutide reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress (activating transcription factor 4, C/EBP homologous protein, and growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible), and extracellular matrix markers (lysyl oxidase, collagen type I α1, collagen type VI α3, matrix metallopeptidases 2 and 9, and hyaluronan synthases 1 and 2). In conclusion, the experimental evidence is compelling in demonstrating cotadutide's thermogenic effect on obese mice's iBAT, contributing to unraveling its action mechanisms and the possible translational benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spezani
- Pharmacology Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilitch A Marcondes-de-Castro
- Pharmacology Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thatiany S Marinho
- Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Reis-Barbosa
- Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E M Cardoso
- Extracellular Matrix Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia B Aguila
- Nutrition Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Pharmacology Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Nutrition Section, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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11
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Velickovic K, Leija HAL, Kosic B, Sacks H, Symonds ME, Sottile V. Leptin deficiency impairs adipogenesis and browning response in mouse mesenchymal progenitors. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151342. [PMID: 37467572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although phenotypically different, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) are able to produce heat through non-shivering thermogenesis due to the presence of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The appearance of thermogenically active beige adipocytes in iWAT is known as browning. Both brown and beige cells originate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and in culture conditions a browning response can be induced with hypothermia (i.e. 32 °C) during which nuclear leptin immunodetection was observed. The central role of leptin in regulating food intake and energy consumption is well recognised, but its importance in the browning process at the cellular level is unclear. Here, immunocytochemical analysis of MSC-derived adipocytes established nuclear localization of both leptin and leptin receptor suggesting an involvement of the leptin pathway in the browning response. In order to elucidate whether leptin modulates the expression of brown and beige adipocyte markers, BAT and iWAT samples from leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice were analysed and exhibited reduced brown/beige marker expression compared to wild-type controls. When MSCs were isolated and differentiated into adipocytes, leptin deficiency was observed to induce a white phenotype, especially when incubated at 32 °C. These adaptations were accompanied with morphological signs of impaired adipogenic differentiation. Overall, our results indicate that leptin supports adipocyte browning and suggest a potential role for leptin in adipogenesis and browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Velickovic
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, UK; Faculty of Biology, The University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Bojana Kosic
- Faculty of Biology, The University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Harold Sacks
- VA Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, UK; Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Virginie Sottile
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, UK; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Pavia, Italy.
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12
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Liang S, Li Z, Bao C, Liu B, Zhang H, Yuan Y, Yan H, Chen S, Zhang H, Shi W, Ren F, Li Y. Non-Cardiotoxic Tetradecanoic Acid-2,4-Dinitrophenol Ester Nanomicelles in Microneedles Exert Potent Anti-Obesity Effect by Regulating Adipocyte Browning and Lipogenesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301751. [PMID: 37259675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustained oral uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) administration exerts prominent anti-obesity effects, but the adipose tissue off-target disadvantage leads to systemic adverse effects. A novel non-cardiotoxicity DNP delivery method using a biocompatible microneedles patch containing the amphiphilic tetradecanoic acid-DNP ester (TADNP) is described, which is synthesized via esterification on the phenolic hydroxyl of DNP. The TADNP is self-assembled as nanomicelles, which enhance the endocytosis rate of DNP by adipocytes and its permeation in isolated adipose tissues. The microenvironment of adipose tissues promotes the massive release of DNP and plasma and simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The microneedles-delivered TADNP nanomicelles (MN-TADNP) effectively deliver DNP in treated adipose tissues and reduce DNP content in off-target organs. Both oral and MN patch-delivered TADNP micelles effectively exert anti-obesity effects in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity; and noteworthily, MN-TADNP exhibit more satisfactory biosafety than oral administration. Here, a smart MN patch loaded with tetradecanoic acid-modified DNP is reported, which enhances its accumulation in adipose tissues and exerts an anti-obesity effect without causing any systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Cheng Bao
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shanan Chen
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenbiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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13
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Schachner-Nedherer AL, Fuchs J, Vidakovic I, Höller O, Schratter G, Almer G, Fröhlich E, Zimmer A, Wabitsch M, Kornmueller K, Prassl R. Lipid Nanoparticles as a Shuttle for Anti-Adipogenic miRNAs to Human Adipocytes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1983. [PMID: 37514169 PMCID: PMC10384627 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are major health burdens for which no effective therapy is available today. One treatment strategy could be to balance the metabolic functions of adipose tissue by regulating gene expressions using miRNAs. Here, we have loaded two anti-adipogenic miRNAs (miR26a and miR27a) into a pegylated lipid nanoparticle (PEG-LNP) formulation by a single-step microfluidic-assisted synthesis step. For the miRNA-loaded LNPs, the following system properties were determined: particle size, zeta potential, miRNA complexation efficiency, and cytotoxicity. We have used a human preadipocyte cell line to address the transfection efficiency and biological effects of the miRNA candidates at the gene and protein level. Our findings revealed that the upregulation of miR27a in preadipocytes inhibits adipogenesis by the downregulation of PPARγ and the reduction of lipid droplet formation. In contrast, miR26a transfection in adipocytes induced white adipocyte browning detected as the upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) as a marker of non-shivering thermogenesis. We conclude that the selective delivery of miRNAs by PEG-LNPs to adipocytes could offer new perspectives for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Laurence Schachner-Nedherer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ivan Vidakovic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Höller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gebhard Schratter
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Kornmueller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Peng X, Chen Y. The emerging role of circadian rhythms in the development and function of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1175845. [PMID: 37293491 PMCID: PMC10244810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1175845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many biological processes in response to ambient influences. A disrupted circadian rhythm has been shown to be associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Thermogenic fat, including brown and beige fat, may play an important role in this process since it displays a high capacity to burn fat and release the stored energy as heat, contributing to the combat against obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the circadian clock and thermogenic fat and the prominent mechanisms which are involved in the regulation of the development and function of thermogenic fat by circadian rhythms, which may provide novel therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases by targeting thermogenic fat in a circadian manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China
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15
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Kaur J, Singh DP, Kumar V, Kaur S, Bhunia RK, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A, Bishnoi M. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) based polypharmacological combination stimulates energy expending phenotype to reverse HFD-induced obesity in mice. Life Sci 2023; 324:121704. [PMID: 37075945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Obesity is a worldwide epidemic leading to decreased quality of life, higher medical expenses and significant morbidity. Enhancing energy expenditure and substrate utilization in adipose tissues through dietary constituents and polypharmacological approaches is gaining importance for the prevention and therapeutics of obesity. An important factor in this regard is Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel modulation and resultant activation of "brite" phenotype. Various dietary TRP channel agonists like capsaicin (TRPV1), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1), and menthol (TRPM8) have shown anti-obesity effects, individually and in combination. We aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of such combination of sub-effective doses of these agents against diet-induced obesity, and explore the involved cellular processes. KEY FINDINGS The combination of sub-effective doses of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and menthol induced "brite" phenotype in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese mice. The intervention prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and weight gain, enhanced the thermogenic potential, mitochondrial biogenesis and overall activation of brown adipose tissue. These changes observed in vitro as well as in vivo, were linked to increased phosphorylation of kinases, AMPK and ERK. In the liver, the combination treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved gluconeogenic potential and lipolysis, prevented fatty acid accumulation and enhanced glucose utilization. SIGNIFICANCE We report on the discovery of therapeutic potential of TRP-based dietary triagonist combination against HFD-induced abnormalities in metabolic tissues. Our findings indicate that a common central mechanism may affect multiple peripheral tissues. This study opens up avenues of development of therapeutic functional foods for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Neurotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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16
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Miranda CS, Silva-Veiga FM, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Guimarães Pereira VR, Martins BC, Daleprane JB, Martins FF, Souza-Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha and gamma synergism modulate the gut-adipose tissue axis and mitigate obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 562:111839. [PMID: 36581062 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of single PPARα or PPARγ activation, and their synergism (combined PPARα/γ activation) upon the gut-adipose tissue axis, focusing on the endotoxemia and upstream interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) function in high-saturated fat-fed mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice received a control diet (C, 10% lipids) or a high-fat diet (HF, 50% lipids) for 12 weeks. Then, the HF group was divided to receive the treatments for four weeks: HFγ (pioglitazone, 10 mg/kg), HFα (WY-14643, 3.5 mg/kg), and HFα/γ (tesaglitazar, 4 mg/kg). RESULTS The HF group exhibited overweight, oral glucose intolerance, gut dysbiosis, altered gut permeability, and endotoxemia, culminating in iBAT whitening. The downregulation of LPS-Tlr4 signaling underpinned reduced inflammation and improved lipid metabolism in iBAT in the HFα/γ group, the unique to show normalized body mass and increased energy expenditure. CONCLUSION PPARα/γ synergism treated obesity by ameliorating the gut-adipose tissue axis, where restored gut microbiota and permeability controlled endotoxemia and rescued iBAT whitening through favored thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernandes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitória Regina Guimarães Pereira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cadete Martins
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics (LEING), Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics (LEING), Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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17
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Jack BU, Ramharack P, Malherbe C, Gabuza K, Joubert E, Pheiffer C. Cyclopia intermedia (Honeybush) Induces Uncoupling Protein 1 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Expression in Obese Diabetic Female db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043868. [PMID: 36835279 PMCID: PMC9964215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that a crude polyphenol-enriched fraction of Cyclopia intermedia (CPEF), a plant consumed as the herbal tea, commonly known as honeybush, reduced lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and inhibited body weight gain in obese, diabetic female leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. In the current study, the mechanisms underlying decreased body weight gain in db/db mice were further elucidated using western blot analysis and in silico approaches. CPEF induced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, 3.4-fold, p < 0.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα, 2.6-fold, p < 0.05) expression in brown adipose tissue. In the liver, CPEF induced PPARα expression (2.2-fold, p < 0.05), which was accompanied by a 31.9% decrease in fat droplets in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained liver sections (p < 0.001). Molecular docking analysis revealed that the CPEF compounds, hesperidin and neoponcirin, had the highest binding affinities for UCP1 and PPARα, respectively. This was validated with stabilising intermolecular interactions within the active sites of UCP1 and PPARα when complexed with these compounds. This study suggests that CPEF may exert its anti-obesity effects by promoting thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via inducing UCP1 and PPARα expression, and that hesperidin and neoponcirin may be responsible for these effects. Findings from this study could pave the way for designing target-specific anti-obesity therapeutics from C. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa Unice Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-219-380336
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Kwazi Gabuza
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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18
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Protective Effects of Coumestrol on Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Action in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040954. [PMID: 36839308 PMCID: PMC9966481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen compound found in various plants, has been shown to act as a potent estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, with a higher binding affinity for ERβ than for ERα. However, there is currently limited information regarding its beneficial effects in postmenopausal disorders and its ER-mediated mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the effects of coumestrol (subcutaneous or oral treatment) on metabolic dysfunction in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat diet, in comparison with the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement. Coumestrol was administered daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 10 weeks. Coumestrol treatment through the subcutaneous route stimulated uterine growth in OVX mice at a level lower than that of E2. E2 and coumestrol prevented body fat accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatic steatosis, and enhanced voluntary physical activity. Coumestrol showed estrogen-mimetic effects in the regulation of the protein expressions involved in browning of white fat and insulin signaling, including increased hepatic expression of fibroblast growth factor 21. Importantly, the metabolic effects of coumestrol (oral administration at 10 mg/kg for 7 weeks) were mostly abolished following co-treatment with an ERβ-selective antagonist but not with an ERα-selective antagonist, indicating that the metabolic actions of coumestrol in OVX mice are primarily mediated by ERβ. These findings provide important insights into the beneficial effects of coumestrol as a phytoestrogen supplement for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal symptoms.
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Yang L, Nao J. Focus on Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Autophagy. Neuroscience 2023; 511:13-28. [PMID: 36372296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder of the central nervous system that is typically marked by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. Amyloid β plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau are the two hallmark pathologies of AD. In mammalian cells, autophagy clears aberrant protein aggregates, thus maintaining proteostasis as well as neuronal health. Autophagy affects production and metabolism of amyloid β and accumulation of phosphorylated tau proteins, whose malfunction can lead to the progression of AD. On the other hand, defective autophagy has been found to induce the production of the neuroprotective factor fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), although the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this review, we highlight the significance of aberrant autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD, discuss the possible mechanisms by which defective autophagy induces FGF21 production, and analyze the potential of FGF21 in the treatment of AD. The findings provide some insights into the potential role of FGF21 and autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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20
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Lac M, Tavernier G, Moro C. Does housing temperature influence glucose regulation and muscle-fat crosstalk in mice? Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00028-7. [PMID: 36758717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of scientific results is partly based on their reproducibility. Working with animal models, particularly in the field of metabolism, requires to avoid any source of stress to rule out a maximum of bias. Housing at room temperature is sufficient to induce thermal stress activating key thermogenic organs such as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. BAT covers most of the non-shivering thermogenesis in mice and burns a variety of fuels such as glucose and lipids. A high prevalence of BAT is associated with a strong protection against type 2 diabetes risk in humans, implying that BAT plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. However, thermal stress is poorly and inconsistently considered in experimental research. This thermal stress can significantly impede interpretation of phenotypes by favoring compensatory signaling pathways. Indeed, various studies revealed that thermoneutrality is essential to study metabolism in mice in order to reach a suitable level of "humanization". In this review, we briefly discuss if and how ambient temperature influence blood glucose homeostasis through BAT and muscle-fat crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Lac
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
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21
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Cheng MH, Zheng WY, Zhang QQ, Liu Z, Chen JF, Atta M, Qin H. Sesamol promotes browning of white adipocytes through liver-adipose crosstalk signal of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109278. [PMID: 36739097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol (SEM), a lignan from sesame oil, exhibited potential benefits on obesity treatment by promoting browning of adipocytes, and the current study is aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of SEM from the aspect of systemic liver-adipose crosstalk that mediated by hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Our in vivo data showed that SEM induced energy expenditure and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning by increasing the expression level of uncoupling protein-1 in high fat diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Elevated levels of circulating FGF21 associated with the increased expression of hepatic FGF21 were observed after SEM intervention. Simultaneously, the increased adipose fibroblast growth factor tyrosine kinase receptor 1/beta-klotho indicated that FGF21 sensitivity was enhanced by SEM in WAT. Furthermore, our in vitro results from HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cell lines confirmed the effects and revealed the mechanism of SEM on the white adipocytes browning. We found that with the specific inhibitors of PPARα, the SEM-mediated hepatic FGF21 expression was decreased, and with the specific inhibitors of PPARγ, the browning effect of adipocytes by SEM combining with FGF21 was significantly suppressed. Taken together, the mechanism of SEM for inducing the WAT browning might be the modulation of SEM on liver-adipose crosstalk mediated by FGF21, and the PPARs family might be the targets of SEM. The novel findings from the present study provided evidence that SEM could be a potent obesity-treating compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Cheng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ya Zheng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Fang Chen
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mahnoor Atta
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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22
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Ma D, Wu T, Qu Y, Yang J, Cai L, Li X, Wang Y. Astragalus polysaccharide prevents heart failure-induced cachexia by alleviating excessive adipose expenditure in white and brown adipose tissue. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:9. [PMID: 36670439 PMCID: PMC9863193 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a key active ingredient isolated from Astragalus membranaceus that has been reported to be a potential treatment for obesity and diabetes by regulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, alleviating inflammation, and improving insulin resistance. However, whether APS regulates lipid metabolism in the context of cachexia remains unclear. Therefore, this study analysed the effects of APS on lipid metabolism and adipose expenditure in a heart failure (HF)-induced cardiac cachexia rat model. METHODS: A salt-sensitive hypertension-induced cardiac cachexia rat model was used in the present study. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. The histological features and fat droplets in fat tissue and liver were observed by H&E staining and Oil O Red staining. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and RT‒qPCR were used to detect markers of lipolysis and adipose browning in white adipose tissue (WAT) and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Additionally, sympathetic nerve activity and inflammation in adipose tissue were detected. RESULTS Rats with HF exhibited decreased cardiac function and reduced adipose accumulation as well as adipocyte atrophy. In contrast, administration of APS not only improved cardiac function and increased adipose weight but also prevented adipose atrophy and FFA efflux in HF-induced cachexia. Moreover, APS inhibited HF-induced lipolysis and browning of white adipocytes since the expression levels of lipid droplet enzymes, including HSL and perilipin, and beige adipocyte markers, including UCP-1, Cd137 and Zic-1, were suppressed after administration of APS. In BAT, treatment with APS inhibited PKA-p38 MAPK signalling, and these effects were accompanied by decreased thermogenesis reflected by decreased expression of UCP-1, PPAR-γ and PGC-1α and reduced FFA β-oxidation in mitochondria reflected by decreased Cd36, Fatp-1 and Cpt1. Moreover, sympathetic nerve activity and interleukin-6 levels were abnormally elevated in HF rats, and astragalus polysaccharide could inhibit their activity. CONCLUSION APS prevented lipolysis and adipose browning in WAT and decreased BAT thermogenesis. These effects may be related to suppressed sympathetic activity and inflammation. This study provides a potential approach to treat HF-induced cardiac cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dufang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China.
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23
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Martins FF, Marinho TS, Cardoso LEM, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Souza-Mello V, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) stimulates browning on subcutaneous fat adipocytes and mitigates inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in visceral fat adipocytes of obese mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:903-913. [PMID: 36169111 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist) was approved for treating obesity. Although the effects on weight loss and metabolism are known, the responses of adipocytes to semaglutide are yet limited. C57BL/6 male mice (n = 20/group) were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks and then separated into four groups (n = 10/group) for an additional four weeks: C, C diet and semaglutide, HF, and HF diet and semaglutide. Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) fat pads were studied with biochemistry, immunohistochemistry/fluorescence, stereology, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In obese mice, semaglutide reduced the fat pad masses (eWAT, -55%; sWAT, -40%), plasmatic cytokines, and proinflammatory gene expressions: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (-60%); interleukin (IL)-6 (-55%); IL-1 beta (-40%); monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (-90%); and leptin (-80%). Semaglutide also lessened endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes of activating transcription factor-4 (-85%), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (-55%), and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 (-45%). The obese mice's adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration were equally reduced by semaglutide. Semaglutide enhanced multiloculation and uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) labeling in obese mice: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (+560%) and gamma (+150%), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (+215%), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha coactivator (+110%), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (+260%), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (+120%). Semaglutide also increased thermogenetic gene expressions for the browning phenotype maintenance: beta-3 adrenergic receptor (+520%), PR domain containing 16 (+90%), and Ucp1 (+110%). In conclusion, semaglutide showed significant beneficial effects beyond weight loss, directly on fat pads and adipocytes of obese mice, remarkably anti-inflammatory, and reduced adipocyte size and ER stress. Besides, semaglutide activated adipocyte browning, improving UCP1, mitochondrial biogenesis, and thermogenic marker expressions help weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane F Martins
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thatiany S Marinho
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E M Cardoso
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia B Aguila
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Nanduri R, Furusawa T, Lobanov A, He B, Xie C, Dadkhah K, Kelly MC, Gavrilova O, Gonzalez FJ, Bustin M. Epigenetic regulation of white adipose tissue plasticity and energy metabolism by nucleosome binding HMGN proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7303. [PMID: 36435799 PMCID: PMC9701217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue browning is a key metabolic process controlled by epigenetic factors that facilitate changes in gene expression leading to altered cell identity. We find that male mice lacking the nucleosome binding proteins HMGN1 and HMGN2 (DKO mice), show decreased body weight and inguinal WAT mass, but elevated food intake, WAT browning and energy expenditure. DKO white preadipocytes show reduced chromatin accessibility and lower FRA2 and JUN binding at Pparγ and Pparα promoters. White preadipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts from DKO mice show enhanced rate of differentiation into brown-like adipocytes. Differentiating DKO adipocytes show reduced H3K27ac levels at white adipocyte-specific enhancers but elevated H3K27ac levels at brown adipocyte-specific enhancers, suggesting a faster rate of change in cell identity, from white to brown-like adipocytes. Thus, HMGN proteins function as epigenetic factors that stabilize white adipocyte cell identity, thereby modulating the rate of white adipose tissue browning and affecting energy metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Takashi Furusawa
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexei Lobanov
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bing He
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carol Xie
- Nucleic Acid Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kimia Dadkhah
- CCR Single Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- CCR Single Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Nucleic Acid Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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25
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Martins FF, Souza-Mello V, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: updates on the emerging role of batokines. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022:hmbci-2022-0044. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) remains active in adults, oxidizing fatty acids or glucose and releasing energy in the form of heat. Brown adipocytes and enhanced thermogenesis are targets for treating obesity and its comorbidities. BAT shows high synthesis activity and secretes several signaling molecules. The brown adipokines, or batokines, take action in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner. Batokines have a role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle and exert beneficial effects on BAT. The systemic function of batokines gives BAT an endocrine organ profile. Besides, the batokines Fibroblast Growth Factor-21, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8, Neuregulin 4, Myostatin, and Interleukin-6 emerge as targets to treat obesity and its comorbidities, deserving attention. This review outlines the role of six emerging batokines on BAT and their cross-talk with other organs, focusing on their physiological significance and diet-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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26
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SARS-CoV-2 infects adipose tissue in a fat depot- and viral lineage-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5722. [PMID: 36175400 PMCID: PMC9521555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and a link between adipose tissue infection and disease progression has been proposed. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infects human adipose tissue and undergoes productive infection in fat cells. However, susceptibility to infection and the cellular response depends on the anatomical origin of the cells and the viral lineage. Visceral fat cells express more ACE2 and are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than their subcutaneous counterparts. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to inhibition of lipolysis in subcutaneous fat cells, while in visceral fat cells, it results in higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Viral load and cellular response are attenuated when visceral fat cells are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant. A similar degree of cell death occurs 4-days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the cell origin or viral lineage. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infects human fat cells, replicating and altering cell function and viability in a depot- and viral lineage-dependent fashion. Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and infection of adipose tissue by SARS-CoV-2 has been reported. Here the authors confirm that human adipose tissue is a possible site for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the degree of adipose tissue infection and the way adipocytes respond to the virus depend on the adipose tissue depot and the viral strain.
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27
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Heikal LA, El-Kamel AH, Mehanna RA, Khalifa HM, Hassaan PS. Improved oral nutraceutical-based intervention for the management of obesity: pterostilbene-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1055-1075. [PMID: 36066036 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate and assess the oral anti-obesity effect of polymeric-based pterostilbene (PS)-loaded nanoparticles. Methods: Pterostilbene-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (PS/HPβCD-NPs) were prepared and characterized in vitro. Cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and anti-obesity effects were assessed on Caco-2 cell line and high-fat-diet-induced obesity rat model, respectively. In vivo assessment included histological examination, protein and gene expression of obesity biomarkers in adipose tissues. Results: Safe PS/HPβCD-NPs were successfully prepared with improved bioavailability compared with free PS. PS/HPβCD-NPs showed an improved anti-obesity effect, as supported by histological examination, lipid profile, UCP1 gene expression and protein expression of SIRT1, COX2, IL-6 and leptin. Conclusion: Orally administered PS nanoparticles represent a new and promising anti-obesity strategy owing to the sustainable weight loss and minimal side effects; this may be of great socio-economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia A Heikal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum square, Azarita, Postal code: 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal H El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum square, Azarita, Postal code: 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Mehanna
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and its Applications CERRMA, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Khalifa
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Passainte S Hassaan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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28
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Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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29
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Dalle S, Schouten M, Meeus G, Slagmolen L, Koppo K. Molecular networks underlying cannabinoid signaling in skeletal muscle plasticity. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3517-3540. [PMID: 35862111 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid system is ubiquitously present and is classically considered to engage in neural and immunity processes. Yet, the role of the cannabinoid system in the whole body and tissue metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms is increasingly recognized. The present review provides insights in (i) how cannabinoid signaling is regulated via receptor-independent and -dependent mechanisms and (ii) how these signaling cascades (might) affect skeletal muscle plasticity and physiology. Receptor-independent mechanisms include endocannabinoid metabolism to eicosanoids and the regulation of ion channels. Alternatively, endocannabinoids can act as ligands for different classic (cannabinoid receptor 1 [CB1 ], CB2 ) and/or alternative (e.g., TRPV1, GPR55) cannabinoid receptors with a unique affinity, specificity, and intracellular signaling cascade (often tissue-specific). Antagonism of CB1 might hold clues to improve oxidative (mitochondrial) metabolism, insulin sensitivity, satellite cell growth, and muscle anabolism, whereas CB2 agonism might be a promising way to stimulate muscle metabolism and muscle cell growth. Besides, CB2 ameliorates muscle regeneration via macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, induction of MyoD and myogenin expression and antifibrotic mechanisms. Also TRPV1 and GPR55 contribute to the regulation of muscle growth and metabolism. Future studies should reveal how the cannabinoid system can be targeted to improve muscle quantity and/or quality in conditions such as ageing, disease, disuse, and metabolic dysregulation, taking into account challenges that are inherent to modulation of the cannabinoid system, such as central and peripheral side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Moniek Schouten
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gitte Meeus
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Slagmolen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Horino M, Ikeda K, Yamada T. The Role of Thermogenic Fat Tissue in Energy Consumption. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3166-3179. [PMID: 35877443 PMCID: PMC9317885 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissues are broadly divided into white adipose tissue (WAT) and thermogenic fat tissue (brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue). Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the central protein in thermogenesis, and cells that exhibit induced UCP1 expression and appear scattered throughout WAT are called beige adipocytes, and their induction in WAT is referred to as “beiging”. Beige adipocytes can differentiate from preadipocytes or convert from mature adipocytes. UCP1 was thought to contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis; however, recent studies demonstrated the presence of UCP1-independent thermogenic mechanisms. There is evidence that thermogenic fat tissue contributes to systemic energy expenditure even in human beings. This review discusses the roles that thermogenic fat tissue plays in energy consumption and offers insight into the possibility and challenges associated with its application in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Stevioside Enhances the Anti-Adipogenic Effect and β-Oxidation by Activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 Cells and Epididymal Adipose Tissues of db/db Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071076. [PMID: 35406641 PMCID: PMC8997985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevioside, the primary sweetener in stevia, is a glycoside with numerous beneficial biological activities. However, its anti-adipogenic effects on tissue differentiation and adipose tissues remain to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effects of stevioside during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and epididymal adipose tissues of db/db mice were investigated by measuring the lipid droplets stained with Oil Red O and an immunoblot assay. Immunoblot analysis revealed that stevioside downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Additionally, the protein expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) increased following treatment with stevioside. Furthermore, stevioside increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), both in vitro and in vivo. The activity of AMPK in stevioside-treated 3T3-L1 cells was further confirmed using agonists and antagonists of AMPK signaling. Our data indicate that stevioside ameliorates anti-adipogenic effects and promotes β-oxidation in adipocytes by activating AMPK-mediated signaling. The results of this study clearly demonstrated the inhibitory effect of stevioside on the differentiation of adipocytes and the reduction of lipid accumulation in the epididymal adipose tissues of db/db mice.
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Kirschner KM, Foryst-Ludwig A, Gohlke S, Li C, Flores RE, Kintscher U, Schupp M, Schulz TJ, Scholz H. Wt1 haploinsufficiency induces browning of epididymal fat and alleviates metabolic dysfunction in mice on high-fat diet. Diabetologia 2022; 65:528-540. [PMID: 34846543 PMCID: PMC8803700 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Despite a similar fat storing function, visceral (intra-abdominal) white adipose tissue (WAT) is detrimental, whereas subcutaneous WAT is considered to protect against metabolic disease. Recent findings indicate that thermogenic genes, expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), can be induced primarily in subcutaneous WAT. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the Wilms tumour gene product (WT1), which is expressed in intra-abdominal WAT but not in subcutaneous WAT and BAT, suppresses a thermogenic program in white fat cells. METHODS Heterozygous Wt1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were examined in terms of thermogenic and adipocyte-selective gene expression. Glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation in these mice were assessed under normal chow and high-fat diet conditions. Pre-adipocytes isolated from the stromal vascular fraction of BAT were transduced with Wt1-expressing retrovirus, induced to differentiate and analysed for the expression of thermogenic and adipocyte-selective genes. RESULTS Expression of the thermogenic genes Cpt1b and Tmem26 was enhanced and transcript levels of Ucp1 were on average more than tenfold higher in epididymal WAT of heterozygous Wt1 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Wt1 heterozygosity reduced epididymal WAT mass, improved whole-body glucose tolerance and alleviated severe hepatic steatosis upon diet-induced obesity in mice. Retroviral expression of WT1 in brown pre-adipocytes, which lack endogenous WT1, reduced mRNA levels of Ucp1, Ppargc1a, Cidea, Prdm16 and Cpt1b upon in vitro differentiation by 60-90%. WT1 knockdown in epididymal pre-adipocytes significantly lowered Aldh1a1 and Zfp423 transcripts, two key suppressors of the thermogenic program. Conversely, Aldh1a1 and Zfp423 mRNA levels were increased approximately five- and threefold, respectively, by retroviral expression of WT1 in brown pre-adipocytes. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION WT1 functions as a white adipocyte determination factor in epididymal WAT by suppressing thermogenic genes. Reducing Wt1 expression in this and other intra-abdominal fat depots may represent a novel treatment strategy in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Kirschner
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gohlke
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto E Flores
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Scholz
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Harnichar AE, Zubiría MG, Giordano AP, Miguel I, Rey MA, Spinedi E, Giovambattista A. Inhibitory effect of androgens on white adipose tissue thermogenic capacity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 543:111542. [PMID: 34995681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained interest due to its impact in obesity. Here, we evaluated the effect of androgens on the Ucp1-dependent thermogenic process from inguinal (IAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) WAT. Surgically androgens depleted rats (ODX) showed basal thermogenic activation (room temperature) in both WAT depots, which expressed higher levels of Ucp1, Prdm16 and Pgc1a. WAT pads from ODX cold-exposed rats (ODX-C) expressed increased levels of Ucp1 and Pgc1a and showed high UCP1 protein content. In primary beige adipocyte cultures, testosterone decreased the mitochondrial marker Cox8b and mitochondrial content. Finally, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreased the expression of Ucp1, Pcg1a and Prdm16 in forskolin-stimulated beige adipocytes, an effect that was prevented by the antiandrogen flutamide. In conclusion, androgen deficient rats developed WAT depots with enhanced basal and cold-stimulated thermogenic activity. Additionally, in vitro androgen treatments inhibited the thermogenic program, effect which was mediated by the androgen receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ezequiel Harnichar
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - María Guillermina Zubiría
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Paula Giordano
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Miguel
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - María Amanda Rey
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Spinedi
- Centre of Experimental and Applied Endocrinology (CENEXA, UNLP-CONICET), La Plata Medical School, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrés Giovambattista
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
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Mu C, Nikpoor N, Tompkins TA, Rho JM, Scantlebury MH, Shearer J. Probiotics counteract hepatic steatosis caused by ketogenic diet and upregulate AMPK signaling in a model of infantile epilepsy. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103838. [PMID: 35148983 PMCID: PMC8882998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile spasms syndrome (IS) is a type of epilepsy affecting 1.6 to 4.5 per 10,000 children in the first year of life, often with severe lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences. Only two first-line pharmacological treatments currently exist for IS and many children are refractory to these therapies. In such cases, children are treated with the ketogenic diet (KD). While effective in reducing seizures, the diet can result in dyslipidemia over time. Methods Employing a neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat model of IS, we investigated how the KD affects hepatic steatosis and its modulation by a defined probiotic blend. A combination of multiple readouts, including malondialdehyde, fatty acid profiles, lipid metabolism-related enzyme mRNA expression, mitochondrial function, histone deacetylase activity, cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using liver homogenates. Findings The KD reduced seizures, but resulted in severe hepatic steatosis, characterized by a white liver, triglyceride accumulation, elevated malondialdehyde, polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower acyl-carnitines compared to animals fed a control diet. The KD-induced metabolic phenotype was prevented by the co-administration of a blend of Streptococcus thermophilus HA-110 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis HA-136. This probiotic blend protected the liver by elevating pAMPK-mediated signaling and promoting lipid oxidation. The strains further upregulated the expression of caspase 1 and interleukin 18, which may contribute to their hepatoprotective effect in this model. Interpretation Our results suggest that early intervention with probiotics could be considered as an approach to reduce the risk of hepatic side effects of the KD in children who are on the diet for medically indicated reasons. Funding This study was funded by the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Mitacs Accelerate Program (IT16942).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Naghmeh Nikpoor
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Thomas A Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Morris H Scantlebury
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Nuclear Receptors in Energy Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:61-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chou TJ, Lu CW, Liao CC, Chiang CH, Huang CC, Huang KC. Ovariectomy Interferes with Proteomes of Brown Adipose Tissue in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:499-510. [PMID: 35370469 PMCID: PMC8964325 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.66996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women exhibit a higher prevalence of obesity due to decreased energy expenditure and increased food intake compared to their premenopausal counterparts. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy homeostasis, thus providing us with appealing therapeutic targets in obesity. However, how BAT proteomes are altered in response to low levels of estrogen remains unclear. To better understand the underlying mechanisms between the postmenopausal state and BAT proteomic changes, our study aimed to investigate the effect of ovariectomy on the BAT proteome. In this study, eight-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into bilateral ovariectomy (Ovx) and sham operation (Sham) groups. Mass spectrometry was used for proteomics assay and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was applied to examine the differentially regulated proteins. Of the 1,412 identified proteins, 18 proteins were significantly upregulated, whereas 36 proteins were significantly downregulated in the Ovx group as compared to the Sham group. Our findings demonstrate that the proteins involved in BAT morphology, the browning of white adipose tissue, and metabolic substrates for thermogenesis were regulated by ovariectomy. The dysregulation of proteins by ovariectomy might be related to the disruption of BAT function in the postmenopausal status. Understanding how BAT proteomes are altered in response to ovariectomy may illuminate novel therapeutic strategies for the management of postmenopausal weight gain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsieh Chiang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Long XX, Fang QC, Jia WP, Li HT. The role of FGF21 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:2931-2943. [PMID: 34939977 PMCID: PMC8710326 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasing worldwide and seriously threaten human life and health. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a metabolic regulator, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and may exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. In recent years, FGF21 has been found to act directly on the cardiovascular system and may be used as an early biomarker of CVDs. The present review highlights the recent progress in understanding the relationship between FGF21 and CVDs including coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure and also explores the related mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of FGF21. FGF21 plays an important role in the prediction, treatment, and improvement of prognosis in CVDs. This cardioprotective effect of FGF21 may be achieved by preventing endothelial dysfunction and lipid accumulating, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and regulating the associated oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy. In conclusion, FGF21 is a promising target for the treatment of CVDs, however, its clinical application requires further clarification of the precise role of FGF21 in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi-Chen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hua-Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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González-Casanova JE, Durán-Agüero S, Caro-Fuentes NJ, Gamboa-Arancibia ME, Bruna T, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Gómez DM. New Insights on the Role of Connexins and Gap Junctions Channels in Adipose Tissue and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212145. [PMID: 34830025 PMCID: PMC8619175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the inability to curb the excessive increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, it is necessary to comprehend in more detail the factors involved in the pathophysiology and to appreciate more clearly the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of obesity. Thus, understanding the biological regulation of adipose tissue is of fundamental relevance. Connexin, a protein that forms intercellular membrane channels of gap junctions and unopposed hemichannels, plays a key role in adipogenesis and in the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. The expression and function of Connexin 43 (Cx43) during the different stages of the adipogenesis are differentially regulated. Moreover, it has been shown that cell–cell communication decreases dramatically upon differentiation into adipocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of Cx43 degradation or constitutive overexpression of Cx43 blocks adipocyte differentiation. In the first events of adipogenesis, the connexin is highly phosphorylated, which is likely associated with enhanced Gap Junction (GJ) communication. In an intermediate state of adipocyte differentiation, Cx43 phosphorylation decreases, as it is displaced from the membrane and degraded through the proteasome; thus, Cx43 total protein is reduced. Cx is involved in cardiac disease as well as in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. Different studies suggest that obesity together with a high-fat diet are related to the production of remodeling factors associated with expression and distribution of Cx43 in the atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique González-Casanova
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (J.E.G.-C.); (N.J.C.-F.)
| | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Nelson Javier Caro-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (J.E.G.-C.); (N.J.C.-F.)
| | - Maria Elena Gamboa-Arancibia
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Tamara Bruna
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejercito 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Diana Marcela Rojas-Gómez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370321, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-226618559
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Theobromine enhances the conversion of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes in a PPARγ activation-dependent manner. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108898. [PMID: 34748921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adipocytes play an important role in driving the obese-state-white adipose tissue (WAT) stores the excess energy as fat, wherein brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for energy expenditure via the thermoregulatory function of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-the imbalance between these two onsets obesity. Moreover, the anti-obesity effects of brown-like-adipocytes (beige) in WAT are well documented. Browning, the process of transformation of energy-storing into energy-dissipating adipocytes, is a potential preventive strategy against obesity and its related diseases. In the present study, to explore an alternative source of natural products in the regulation of adipocyte transformation, we assessed the potential of theobromine (TB), a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, inducing browning in mice (in vivo) and primary adipocytes (in vitro). Dietary supplementation of TB significantly increased skin temperature of the inguinal region in mice and induced the expression of UCP1 protein. It also increased the expression levels of mitochondrial marker proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissues but not in visceral adipose tissues. The microarray analysis showed that TB supplementation upregulated multiple thermogenic and beige adipocyte marker genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, in mouse-derived primary adipocytes, TB upregulated the expression of the UCP1 protein and mitochondrial mass in a PPARγ ligand-dependent manner. It also increased the phosphorylation levels of PPARγ coactivator 1α without affecting its protein expression. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of TB induces browning in subcutaneous WAT and enhances PPARγ-induced UCP1 expression in vitro, suggesting its potential to treat obesity.
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Fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Induces Mitochondrial Activation and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis through Regulation of PPARγ. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091418. [PMID: 34573050 PMCID: PMC8466082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of the Gardenia jasminoides fruit (GJFE) can been consumed as an herbal tea or used as a yellow dye. Recently, studies report that GFJE exerts inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in white adipocytes. We evaluated the thermogenic actions of GJFE by focusing on mitochondrial activation and studying the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the role of GJFE on thermogenesis in mice, we used an acute cold exposure model. After 2 weeks of feeding, the cold tolerance of GJFE-fed mice was notably increased compared to PBS-fed mice. This was due to an increase in thermogenic proteins in the inguinal white adipose tissue of the cold-exposed mice. Moreover, GJFE significantly increased thermogenic factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) in vitro as well. Factors related to mitochondrial abundance and functions were also induced by GJFE in white and beige adipocytes. However, the treatment of PPARγ inhibitor abolished the GJFE-induced changes, indicating that activation of PPARγ is critical for the thermogenic effect of GJFE. In conclusion, GJFE induces thermogenic action by activating mitochondrial function via PPARγ activation. Through these findings, we suggest GJFE as a potential anti-obesity agent with a novel mechanism involving thermogenic action in white adipocytes.
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Zhao H, Wu M, Tang X, Li Q, Yi X, Wang S, Jia C, Wei Z, Sun X. Function of Chick Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue During the Embryonic and Posthatch Period. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684426. [PMID: 34239450 PMCID: PMC8258255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since excess abdominal fat is one of the main problems in the broiler industry for the development of modern broiler and layer industry, the importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue has been neglected. However, chick subcutaneous adipose tissue appeared earlier than abdominal adipose tissue and more than abdominal adipose tissue. Despite a wealth of data, detailed information is lacking about the development and function of chick subcutaneous adipose tissue during the embryonic and posthatch period. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the developmental changes of adipocyte differentiation, lipid synthesis, lipolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and lipid contents from E12 to D9.5. The results showed that subcutaneous adipose tissue was another important energy supply tissue during the posthatch period. In this stage, the mitochondrial copy number and fatty acid β-oxidation level significantly increased. It revealed that chick subcutaneous adipose tissue not only has the function of energy supply by lipidolysis but also performs the same function as brown adipose tissue to some extent, despite that the brown adipose tissue does not exist in birds. In addition, this finding improved the theory of energy supply in the embryonic and posthatch period and might provide theoretical basis on physiological characteristics of lipid metabolism in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Cunling Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zehui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Lee SG, Chae J, Kim DS, Lee JB, Kwon GS, Kwon TK, Nam JO. Enhancement of the Antiobesity and Antioxidant Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Extracts and Enhancement of the Effects by Fermentation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:888. [PMID: 34073118 PMCID: PMC8229661 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The browning of white adipocytes, which transforms energy-storing white adipocytes to heat-producing beige adipocytes, is considered a strategy against metabolic diseases. Several dietary compounds, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, induce a brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) extract (PSP) exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. In addition, PSP was found to contain large amounts of phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin compounds; the amount of these compounds was affected by fermentation. Functionally, PSP-induced adipose browning in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The administration of PSP significantly suppressed the body weight gain and abnormal expansion of white adipose tissues in the obese mice. The expression of adipose browning-related genes was higher in the inguinal white adipose tissues from the PSP-treated mice than those in the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, PSP-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes formed multilocular lipid droplets, similar to those formed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with a browning induction cocktail. The PSP-treated cells had an increased expression level of mitochondria and lipolysis-related genes. The browning effects of PSP were enhanced by fermentation with Lactobacillus. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to identify a new mechanism to increase the antiobesity effects of PSP by inducing adipocyte browning of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.G.L.); (T.K.K.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Jongbeom Chae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dong Se Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Kyochon Research & Innovation Center, Kyochon F&B Co., Ltd., Chilgok-gun 18469, Korea;
- Department of Medical Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Gi-Seok Kwon
- Department of Medical Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.G.L.); (T.K.K.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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43
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Morigny P, Boucher J, Arner P, Langin D. Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:276-295. [PMID: 33627836 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the white adipocyte is a cell type that is specialized for storage of energy (in the form of triacylglycerols) and for energy mobilization (as fatty acids). White adipocyte metabolism confers an essential role to adipose tissue in whole-body homeostasis. Dysfunction in white adipocyte metabolism is a cardinal event in the development of insulin resistance and associated disorders. This Review focuses on our current understanding of lipid and glucose metabolic pathways in the white adipocyte. We survey recent advances in humans on the importance of adipocyte hypertrophy and on the in vivo turnover of adipocytes and stored lipids. At the molecular level, the identification of novel regulators and of the interplay between metabolic pathways explains the fine-tuning between the anabolic and catabolic fates of fatty acids and glucose in different physiological states. We also examine the metabolic alterations involved in the genesis of obesity-associated metabolic disorders, lipodystrophic states, cancers and cancer-associated cachexia. New challenges include defining the heterogeneity of white adipocytes in different anatomical locations throughout the lifespan and investigating the importance of rhythmic processes. Targeting white fat metabolism offers opportunities for improved patient stratification and a wide, yet unexploited, range of therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Morigny
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, I2MC, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, I2MC, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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Mazuecos L, Pintado C, Rubio B, Guisantes-Batán E, Andrés A, Gallardo N. Leptin, Acting at Central Level, Increases FGF21 Expression in White Adipose Tissue via PPARβ/δ. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4624. [PMID: 33924880 PMCID: PMC8124190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The altered function of adipose tissue can result in obesity, insulin resistance, and its metabolic complications. Leptin, acting on the central nervous system, modifies the composition and function of adipose tissue. To date, the molecular changes that occur in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) during chronic leptin treatment are not fully understood. Herein we aimed to address whether PPARβ/δ could mediate the metabolic actions induced by leptin in eWAT. To this end, male 3-month-old Wistar rats, infused intracerebroventricularly (icv) with leptin (0.2 μg/day) for 7 days, were daily co-treated intraperitoneally (ip) without or with the specific PPARβ/δ receptor antagonist GSK0660 (1 mg/kg/day). In parallel, we also administered GSK0660 to control rats fed ad libitum without leptin infusion. Leptin, acting at central level, prevented the starvation-induced increase in circulating levels of FGF21, while induced markedly the endogenous expression of FGF21 and browning markers of eWAT. Interestingly, GSK0660 abolished the anorectic effects induced by icv leptin leading to increased visceral fat mass and reduced browning capacity. In addition, the pharmacological inhibition of PPARβ/δ alters the immunomodulatory actions of central leptin on eWAT. In summary, our results demonstrate that PPARβ/δ is involved in the up-regulation of FGF21 expression induced by leptin in visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mazuecos
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Blanca Rubio
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eduardo Guisantes-Batán
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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45
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Vasileva LV, Savova MS, Tews D, Wabitsch M, Georgiev MI. Rosmarinic acid attenuates obesity and obesity-related inflammation in human adipocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112002. [PMID: 33476690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. At the same time signaling from pro-inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) or interleukin 17A (IL-17A) are proposed as crucial for the commitment of fibroblast progenitor cells towards adipogenic differentiation. Modulation of inflammation during adipogenic differentiation is incompletely explored as a potential approach to prevent metabolic disorders. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid derivative known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies of its activity on adipogenic factors or in vivo obesity models are, however, controversial and hence insufficient. Here, we investigated the anti-adipogenic action of RA in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Gene expression levels of key players in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism were assessed. Furthermore, a molecular mechanism of action was proposed. The most prominent effect was found on the translation of C/EBPα, PPARγ and adiponectin, as well as on the modulation of TGF1B and IL17A. Interestingly, involvement of NRF2 signaling was identified upon RA treatment. In summary, our findings indicate that RA prevents inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in human adipocytes. Data from the molecular analysis demonstrate that RA has potential for treatment of obesity and obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya V Vasileva
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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46
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Evaluation of Browning Agents on the White Adipogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Contribution to Fighting Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020403. [PMID: 33669222 PMCID: PMC7919793 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown-like adipocytes can be induced in white fat depots by a different environmental or drug stimuli, known as "browning" or "beiging". These brite adipocytes express thermogenin UCP1 protein and show different metabolic advantages, such as the ability to acquire a thermogenic phenotype corresponding to standard brown adipocytes that counteracts obesity. In this research, we evaluated the effects of several browning agents during white adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Our in vitro findings identified two compounds that may warrant further in vivo investigation as possible anti-obesity drugs. We found that rosiglitazone and sildenafil are the most promising drug candidates for a browning treatment of obesity. These drugs are already available on the market for treating diabetes and erectile dysfunction, respectively. Thus, their off-label use may be contemplated, but it must be emphasized that some severe side effects are associated with use of these drugs.
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47
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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48
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Han YH, Kee JY, Hong SH. Gomisin A Alleviates Obesity by Regulating the Phenotypic Switch between White and Brown Adipocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1929-1948. [PMID: 34961413 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although gomisin A (GA) alleviates cancer and inflammation, its anti-obesity effect and the underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of GA by investigating the phenotypic changes involved in the browning and whitening of adipocytes. Here, obesity was induced to C57BL/6J mice using a high-fat diet (HFD). We administrated GA and checked weight changes for 12 weeks. We found that GA decreased the weight of weight gain, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver in the mice. In addition, the administration of GA elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in the mice serum. Moreover, even after 12 weeks of treatment with GA, it did not cause any hepatic and renal toxicity. However, we found that GA induced the browning of eWAT and inhibited the whitening of brown adipose tissue. We further confirmed the anti-obesity mechanism of GA using 3T3-L1 cells, the human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and primary brown adipocytes (BAs) in vitroexperiments. We found that GA suppressed adipogenesis via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, GA-induced browning by increasing the expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in hAMSCs. The results of our study indicate that GA can inhibit weight gain by regulating the phenotypic changes involved in the browning and whitening of adipose tissues, which makes it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Wonkwang-Oriental, Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, KR, Iksan South Korea
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Wonkwang-Oriental, Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, KR, Iksan South Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Wonkwang-Oriental, Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, KR, Iksan South Korea
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49
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Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids Synergistically Activate Browning Program in Human Adipocytes: Implications of AMPK- and PPAR-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249740. [PMID: 33371201 PMCID: PMC7766967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are phenolic compounds claimed to be responsible for the metabolic effects of coffee and tea consumption. Along with their structural similarities, they share common mechanisms such as activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of CA and CGA as co-treatment in human adipocytes. The molecular interactions of CA and CGA with key adipogenic transcription factors were simulated through an in silico molecular docking approach. The expression levels of white and brown adipocyte markers, as well as genes related to lipid metabolism, were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, the CA/CGA combination induced lipolysis, upregulated AMPK and browning gene expression and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at both transcriptional and protein levels. The gene expression profiles of the CA/CGA-co-treated adipocytes strongly resembled brown-like signatures. Major pathways identified included the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that CA/CGA co-stimulation exerted a browning-inducing potential superior to that of either compound used alone which merits implementation in obesity management. Further, the obtained data provide additional insights on how CA and CGA modify adipocyte function, differentiation and lipid metabolism.
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50
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Man AWC, Xia N, Li H. Circadian Rhythm in Adipose Tissue: Novel Antioxidant Target for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E968. [PMID: 33050331 PMCID: PMC7601443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for most metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolic and cardiovascular health by secreting signaling molecules. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Oxidative stress can cause adipose tissue dysfunction. Accumulating data from both humans and experimental animal models suggest that adipose tissue function and oxidative stress have an innate connection with the intrinsic biological clock. Circadian clock orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes according to internal or external cues. Recent studies have identified the genes and molecular pathways exhibiting circadian expression patterns in adipose tissue. Disruption of the circadian rhythmicity has been suggested to augment oxidative stress and aberrate adipose tissue function and metabolism. Therefore, circadian machinery in the adipose tissue may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on circadian rhythm and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, dissect the key components that play a role in regulating the clock rhythm, oxidative stress and adipose tissue function, and discuss the potential use of antioxidant treatment on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases by targeting the adipose clock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr, 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.C.M.); (N.X.)
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