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Wang H, Cui W, Yue S, Zhu X, Li X, He L, Zhang M, Yang Y, Wei M, Wu H, Wang S. Malic enzymes in cancer: Regulatory mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic implications. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103273. [PMID: 39142180 PMCID: PMC11367648 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Malic enzymes (MEs) are metabolic enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of malate to pyruvate and NAD(P)H. While researchers have well established the physiological metabolic roles of MEs in organisms, recent research has revealed a link between MEs and carcinogenesis. This review collates evidence of the molecular mechanisms by which MEs promote cancer occurrence, including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, post-translational protein modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Additionally, we highlight the roles of MEs in reprogramming energy metabolism, suppressing senescence, and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. We also discuss the involvement of these enzymes in mediating tumor resistance and how the development of novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting MEs might be a good therapeutic approach. Insights through this review are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between MEs and cancer, while facilitating future research on the potential therapeutic applications of targeting MEs in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Wanlin Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Song Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xianglong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lian He
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Mingrong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4, Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. LTD, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Gynecology Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Phomvisith O, Muroya S, Otomaru K, Oshima K, Oshima I, Nishino D, Haginouchi T, Gotoh T. Maternal Undernutrition Affects Fetal Thymus DNA Methylation, Gene Expression, and, Thereby, Metabolism and Immunopoiesis in Wagyu (Japanese Black) Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9242. [PMID: 39273192 PMCID: PMC11395129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) on the DNA methylation and gene expression patterns associated with metabolism and immunopoiesis in the thymuses of fetal Wagyu cattle. Pregnant cows were allocated to two groups: a low-nutrition (LN; 60% nutritional requirement; n = 5) and a high-nutrition (HN; 120% nutritional requirement, n = 6) group, until 8.5 months of gestation. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing were used to analyze DNA methylation and gene expression, while capillary electrophoresis-Fourier transform mass spectrometry assessed the metabolome. WGBS identified 4566 hypomethylated and 4303 hypermethylated genes in the LN group, with the intergenic regions most frequently being methylated. Pathway analysis linked hypoDMGs to Ras signaling, while hyperDMGs were associated with Hippo signaling. RNA sequencing found 94 differentially expressed genes (66 upregulated, 28 downregulated) in the LN group. The upregulated genes were tied to metabolic pathways and oxidative phosphorylation; the downregulated genes were linked to natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Key overlapping genes (GRIA1, CACNA1D, SCL25A4) were involved in cAMP signaling. The metabolomic analysis indicated an altered amino acid metabolism in the MNR fetuses. These findings suggest that MNR affects DNA methylation, gene expression, and the amino acid metabolism, impacting immune system regulation during fetal thymus development in Wagyu cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouanh Phomvisith
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N11W10, Kita, Sapporo 060-0811, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Department of Animal Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Konosuke Otomaru
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazunaga Oshima
- Division of Year-Round Grazing Research, NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Ohda 694-0013, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oshima
- Department of Animal Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daichi Nishino
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taketo Haginouchi
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N11W10, Kita, Sapporo 060-0811, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N11W10, Kita, Sapporo 060-0811, Hokkaido, Japan
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Chen D, Xu W, Wen Y, Tan X, Liu J. Causal relationship analysis between 35 blood/urine metabolites and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization combined meta-analysis study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39248. [PMID: 39121258 PMCID: PMC11315488 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition worldwide. Despite numerous studies on GERD, the causal relationships between blood/urine metabolites and GERD remain unclear. This study aims to explore the causal relationships between GERD and 35 blood/urine metabolites. In this study, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses for 35 blood/urine metabolites with GERD phenotypes from the FinnGen R10 and UKB databases separately. We then performed a meta-analysis of the inverse variance weighted results from the 2 MR analyses and applied multiple corrections to the significant P values from the meta-analysis. Finally, we conducted reverse causality validation for the corrected positive blood/urine metabolite phenotypes with GERD. After conducting MR analysis combined with meta-analysis and performing multiple corrections, we found significant positive causal associations between only 3 blood/urine metabolites and GERD, with no significant reverse associations. Among them, 2 are risk factors for the occurrence of GERD: alanine aminotransferase levels (odds ratio (OR) = 1.120, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.064-1.180, P = .0005) and urate levels (OR = 1.095, 95% CI = 1.044-1.147, P = .005). Additionally, sex hormone-binding globulin levels are protective against GERD (OR = 0.928, 95% CI = 0.896-0.961, P = .0009). Elevated levels of the metabolites alanine aminotransferase and urate are associated with an increased risk of GERD, identifying them as risk factors for the condition. In contrast, higher levels of SHBG are linked to a decreased risk of GERD, indicating that SHBG is a protective factor against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolei Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanxian Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Wen
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolan Tan
- Kunming University of Arts and Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Ou LP, Liu YJ, Qiu ST, Yang C, Tang JX, Li XY, Liu HF, Ye ZN. Glutaminolysis is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Kidney Diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2789-2807. [PMID: 39072347 PMCID: PMC11283263 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s471711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the progression and prognosis of various kidney diseases. Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and participates in more metabolic processes than other amino acids. Altered glutamine metabolism is a prominent feature in different kidney diseases. Glutaminolysis converts glutamine into the TCA cycle metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate, via a cascade of enzymatic reactions. This metabolic pathway plays pivotal roles in inflammation, maladaptive repair, cell survival and proliferation, redox homeostasis, and immune regulation. Given the crucial role of glutaminolysis in bioenergetics and anaplerotic fluxes in kidney pathogenesis, studies on this cascade could provide a better understanding of kidney diseases, thus inspiring the development of potential methods for targeted therapy. Emerging evidence has shown that targeting glutaminolysis is a promising therapeutic strategy for ameliorating kidney disease. In this narrative review, equation including keywords related to glutamine, glutaminolysis and kidney are subjected to an exhaustive search on Pubmed database, we identified all relevant articles published before 1 April, 2024. Afterwards, we summarize the regulation of glutaminolysis in major kidney diseases and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight therapeutic strategies targeting glutaminolysis and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Ou
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tong Qiu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
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McGill MR. The Role of Mechanistic Biomarkers in Understanding Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:729-739. [PMID: 37918967 PMCID: PMC11257692 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity began in 1973 to 1974, when investigators at the US National Institutes of Health published seminal studies demonstrating conversion of APAP to a reactive metabolite that depletes glutathione and binds to proteins in the liver in mice after overdose. Since then, additional groundbreaking experiments have demonstrated critical roles for mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and necrotic cell death as well. Over the years, some investigators have also attempted to translate these mechanisms to humans using human specimens from APAP overdose patients. This review presents those studies and summarizes what we have learned about APAP hepatotoxicity in humans so far. Overall, the mechanisms of APAP hepatotoxicity in humans strongly resemble those discovered in experimental mouse and cultured hepatocyte models, and emerging biomarkers also suggest similarities in liver repair. The data not only validate the first mechanistic studies of APAP-induced liver injury performed 50 years ago but also demonstrate the human relevance of numerous studies conducted since then. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human studies using novel translational, mechanistic biomarkers have confirmed that the fundamental mechanisms of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity discovered in rodent models since 1973 are the same in humans. Importantly, these findings have guided the development and understanding of treatments such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine and 4-methylpyrazole over the years. Additional research may improve not only our understanding of APAP overdose pathophysiology in humans but also our ability to predict and treat serious liver injury in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine; and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Hong W, Zeng X, Wang H, Tan X, Tian Y, Hu H, Ashrafizadeh M, Sethi G, Huang H, Duan C. PGC-1α loss promotes mitochondrial protein lactylation in acetaminophen-induced liver injury via the LDHB-lactate axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107228. [PMID: 38810904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected people worldwide, and fever is one of the major symptoms of this disease. Although Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common fever-reducing medication, it can also mediate liver injury. However, the role of PGC-1α in regulating mitochondrial quality control by lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a vital enzyme catalyzing the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, is unclear. Here, gene expression omnibus data of patients with APAP-induced liver injury were used to explore gene expression profiles. AML12 cells and C57/BL6 mice were used to establish models of APAP-induced acute liver injury. SIRT1 and PGC-1α were overexpressed in vitro via lentiviral transfection to establish stable cell lines. The results showed that APAP treatment decreased SIRT1/PGC-1α/LDHB expression and increased protein lactylation, mitochondrial lactate levels, and pathological damage in liver mitochondria. PGC-1α upregulation or activation ameliorated APAP-induced damage in the cells and liver. Furthermore, PGC-1α overexpression increased LDHB synthesis, reduced lactylation, and induced a switch from lactate to pyruvate production. These results suggest that PGC-1α and LDHB play a role in APAP-induced liver injury by regulating mitochondrial quality control and lactate metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, the PGC-1α/LDHB axis is a potential therapeutic target for APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China; Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Houping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Xuxin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Yu Tian
- Research Center, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou 516008, PR China
| | - Hongtao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical Univerisity, Weifang, Shandong 261000, PR China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
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Layman AJ, Alsbrook SM, Koturbash IK, McGill MR. Natural Products That Protect Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: A Call for Increased Rigor in Preclinical Studies of Dietary Supplements. J Diet Suppl 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38562009 PMCID: PMC11442681 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2335573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver injury. The current standard-of-care treatment for APAP hepatotoxicity, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, is highly effective when administered early after overdose, but loses efficacy in later-presenting patients. As a result, there is interest in the identification of new treatments for APAP overdose patients. Natural products are a promising source of new treatments because many are purported to have hepatoprotective effects. In fact, a great deal of research has been done to identify natural products that can protect against APAP-induced liver injury. However, serious concerns have been raised about the rigor and human relevance of these studies. Here, we systematically reviewed the APAP-natural product literature from 2013 to 2023 to determine the veracity of these concerns and the scope of the potential problem. The results substantiate the concerns that have been previously raised and point to concrete steps that can be taken to improve APAP-natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Layman
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Scott M. Alsbrook
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Igor K. Koturbash
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
- Center for Dietary Supplements Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Mitchell R. McGill
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
- Center for Dietary Supplements Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
- Dept. of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
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Martino MR, Habibi M, Ferguson D, Brookheart RT, Thyfault JP, Meyer GA, Lantier L, Hughey CC, Finck BN. Disruption of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate and amino acid metabolism impairs gluconeogenesis and endurance exercise capacity in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E515-E527. [PMID: 38353639 PMCID: PMC11193532 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00258.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Exercise robustly increases the glucose demands of skeletal muscle. This demand is met by not only muscle glycogenolysis but also accelerated liver glucose production from hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to fuel mechanical work and prevent hypoglycemia during exercise. Hepatic gluconeogenesis during exercise is dependent on highly coordinated responses within and between muscle and liver. Specifically, exercise increases the rate at which gluconeogenic precursors such as pyruvate/lactate or amino acids are delivered from muscle to the liver, extracted by the liver, and channeled into glucose. Herein, we examined the effects of interrupting hepatic gluconeogenic efficiency and capacity on exercise performance by deleting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2) and/or alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2) in the liver of mice. We found that deletion of MPC2 or ALT2 alone did not significantly affect time to exhaustion or postexercise glucose concentrations in treadmill exercise tests, but mice lacking both MPC2 and ALT2 in hepatocytes (double knockout, DKO) reached exhaustion faster and exhibited lower circulating glucose during and after exercise. Use of 2H/1³C metabolic flux analyses demonstrated that DKO mice exhibited lower endogenous glucose production owing to decreased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis at rest and during exercise. Decreased gluconeogenesis was accompanied by lower anaplerotic, cataplerotic, and TCA cycle fluxes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the transition of the liver to the gluconeogenic mode is critical for preventing hypoglycemia and sustaining performance during exercise. The results also illustrate the need for interorgan cross talk during exercise as described by the Cahill and Cori cycles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Martino and colleagues examined the effects of inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis on exercise performance and systemic metabolism during treadmill exercise in mice. Combined inhibition of gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate and alanine impaired exercise endurance and led to hypoglycemia during and after exercise. In contrast, suppressing either pyruvate-mediated or alanine-mediated gluconeogenesis alone had no effect on these parameters. These findings provide new insight into the molecular nodes that coordinate the metabolic responses of muscle and liver during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Martino
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Mohammad Habibi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Daniel Ferguson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Rita T Brookheart
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Curtis C Hughey
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Sun J, Zhang K, Yin Y, Qi Y, Li S, Sun H, Luo M, Sun Y, Yu Z, Yang J, Wu J, Chen L, Xu W, Dong L. Arecoline-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Screening of Abnormal Metabolic Markers and Potential Mechanisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:984. [PMID: 38133385 PMCID: PMC10748282 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Arecoline is a pyridine alkaloid derived from areca nut in the Arecaceae family. It has extensive medicinal activity, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic. However, the toxicity of Arecoline limits its application. Most current studies on its toxicity mainly focus on immunotoxicity, carcinogenesis, and cancer promotion. However, there are few systematic studies on its hepatotoxicity and mechanisms. Therefore, this research explored the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by Arecoline in rats and analyzed endogenous metabolite changes in rat plasma by combining network toxicology with metabolomics. The differential metabolites after Arecoline exposure, such as D-Lysine, N4-Acetylaminobutanal, and L-Arginine, were obtained by metabolomics study, and these differential metabolites were involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. Based on the strategy of network toxicology, Arecoline can affect the HIF-1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and other concerning pathways by regulating critical targets, such as ALB, CASP3, EGFR, and MMP9. Integration of metabolomics and network toxicology results were further analyzed, and it was concluded that Arecoline may induce hepatotoxicity by mediating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, energy and lipid metabolism, and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (M.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Yihui Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Haonan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Min Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (M.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yixuan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhiying Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (M.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingjing Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (M.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Lijuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (J.S.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (L.C.)
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